1
|
Li Q, Ye C, Zhao F, Li W, Zhu S, Lv Y, Park CG, Zhang Y, Jiang LY, Yang K, He Y, Cai H, Zhang S, Ding HH, Njiri OA, Tembo JM, Alkraiem AA, Li AY, Sun ZY, Li W, Yan MY, Kan B, Huo X, Klena JD, Skurnik M, Anisimov AP, Gao X, Han Y, Yang RF, Xiamu X, Wang Y, Chen H, Chai B, Sun Y, Yuan J, Chen T. PgtE Enzyme of Salmonella enterica Shares the Similar Biological Roles to Plasminogen Activator (Pla) in Interacting With DEC-205 (CD205), and Enhancing Host Dissemination and Infectivity by Yersinia pestis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:791799. [PMID: 35401532 PMCID: PMC8986990 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.791799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Yersinia pestis, the cause of plague, is a newly evolved Gram-negative bacterium. Through the acquisition of the plasminogen activator (Pla), Y. pestis gained the means to rapidly disseminate throughout its mammalian hosts. It was suggested that Y. pestis utilizes Pla to interact with the DEC-205 (CD205) receptor on antigen-presenting cells (APCs) to initiate host dissemination and infection. However, the evolutionary origin of Pla has not been fully elucidated. The PgtE enzyme of Salmonella enterica, involved in host dissemination, shows sequence similarity with the Y. pestis Pla. In this study, we demonstrated that both Escherichia coli K-12 and Y. pestis bacteria expressing the PgtE-protein were able to interact with primary alveolar macrophages and DEC-205-transfected CHO cells. The interaction between PgtE-expressing bacteria and DEC-205-expressing transfectants could be inhibited by the application of an anti-DEC-205 antibody. Moreover, PgtE-expressing Y. pestis partially re-gained the ability to promote host dissemination and infection. In conclusion, the DEC-205-PgtE interaction plays a role in promoting the dissemination and infection of Y. pestis, suggesting that Pla and the PgtE of S. enterica might share a common evolutionary origin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Li
- Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Sciences and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chenglin Ye
- Department of Pathology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Fei Zhao
- Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Sciences and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenjin Li
- Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Sciences and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Sizhe Zhu
- Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Sciences and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yin Lv
- Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Sciences and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chae Gyu Park
- Therapeutic Antibody Research Center, Genuv Inc., Seoul, South Korea
- Immune and Vascular Cell Network Research Center, National Creative Initiatives, Department of Life Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yingmiao Zhang
- Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Sciences and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ling-Yu Jiang
- Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Sciences and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Kun Yang
- Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Sciences and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yingxia He
- Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Sciences and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Huahua Cai
- Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Sciences and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Song Zhang
- Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Sciences and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hong-Hui Ding
- Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Sciences and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Olivia Adhiambo Njiri
- Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Sciences and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - John Mambwe Tembo
- Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Sciences and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ayman Ahmad Alkraiem
- Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Taibah University, Medina, Saudi Arabia
| | - An-Yi Li
- Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Sciences and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zi-Yong Sun
- Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Sciences and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Li
- National Institute for Communicable Diseases Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Mei-Ying Yan
- National Institute for Communicable Diseases Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Biao Kan
- National Institute for Communicable Diseases Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Xixiang Huo
- Center for Infectious Diseases, Hubei Provincial Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Wuhan, China
| | - John D. Klena
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Mikael Skurnik
- Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Andrey P. Anisimov
- Laboratory for Plague Microbiology, State Research Center for Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Obolensk, Russia
| | - Xiaofang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Yanping Han
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Rui-Fu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Xiding Xiamu
- Division of Disease Control and Prevention for Endemic Diseases , Wenquan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wenquan, China
| | - Yuanzhi Wang
- Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, China
| | - Hongxiang Chen
- Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Sciences and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Bao Chai
- Department of Dermatology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Dermatology, The 6th Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yicheng Sun
- Ministry of Health (MOH) Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Tie Chen,, ; Jingping Yuan,; Yicheng Sun,
| | - Jingping Yuan
- Department of Pathology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Tie Chen,, ; Jingping Yuan,; Yicheng Sun,
| | - Tie Chen
- Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Sciences and Technology, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Tie Chen,, ; Jingping Yuan,; Yicheng Sun,
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Liu L, Deng J, Yang Q, Wei C, Liu B, Zhang H, Xin H, Pan S, Liu Z, Wang D, Pang Y, Chen X, Gao L, Zheng J, Liu R, Jin Q. Urinary proteomic analysis to identify a potential protein biomarker panel for the diagnosis of tuberculosis. IUBMB Life 2021; 73:1073-1083. [PMID: 34048129 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis and is one of the primary causes of death worldwide. Rapid and accurate diagnosis of TB is one of the most direct means to reduce the incidence of TB. In this study, urinary proteomic profiling of TB patients and non-TB individual controls (HCs) was performed, and differentially expressed urinary proteins between TB and HCs were compared and exclusively expressed proteins in TB patients were selected to establish a clinically useful disease marker panel. In total, these top 11 targeted proteins with 265 peptides were scheduled for multiple reaction monitoring validation analysis by using urine samples from 52 TB patients and 52 HCs. The result demonstrated that a three-protein combination out of the five-protein panel (namely P22352, Q9P121, P15151, Q13291, and Q8NDA2) exhibited sensitivity rate of 82.7% in the diagnosis of TB. Furthermore, the three-protein combination could differentiate TB from the latent tuberculosis (LTB) effectively, which exhibited specificity rate of 92.3% for the diagnosis of TB from the LTB category. Although more numbers of clinical samples are required for further verification, the results provided preliminary evidence that this "three-protein combination" out of the five-protein panel could probably be a novel TB diagnostic biomarker in clinical application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liguo Liu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Center for Tuberculosis Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaheng Deng
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Center for Tuberculosis Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Qianting Yang
- National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Guangdong Key Lab for Diagnosis and Treatment of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Candong Wei
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Center for Tuberculosis Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Liu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Center for Tuberculosis Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Haoran Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Center for Tuberculosis Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Henan Xin
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Center for Tuberculosis Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Shouguo Pan
- Center for Diseases Control and Prevention of Zhongmu County, Zhongmu, China
| | - Zisen Liu
- Center for Diseases Control and Prevention of Zhongmu County, Zhongmu, China
| | - Dakuan Wang
- Center for Diseases Control and Prevention of Zhongmu County, Zhongmu, China
| | - Yu Pang
- Department of Tuberculosis, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Xinchun Chen
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lei Gao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Center for Tuberculosis Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jianhua Zheng
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Center for Tuberculosis Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Rongmei Liu
- Department of Tuberculosis, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Jin
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Center for Tuberculosis Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Cao S, Chen Y, Yan Y, Zhu S, Tan Y, Wang T, Song Y, Deng H, Yang R, Du Z. Secretome and Comparative Proteomics of Yersinia pestis Identify Two Novel E3 Ubiquitin Ligases That Contribute to Plague Virulence. Mol Cell Proteomics 2021; 20:100066. [PMID: 33631294 PMCID: PMC7994543 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcpro.2021.100066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Plague is a zoonotic disease that primarily infects rodents via fleabite. Transmission from flea to host niches requires rapid adaption of Yersinia pestis to the outer environments to establish infection. Here, quantitative proteome and secretome analyses of Y. pestis grown under conditions mimicking the two typical niches, i.e., the mammalian host (Mh) and the flea vector (Fv), were performed to understand the adaption strategies of this deadly pathogen. A secretome of Y. pestis containing 308 proteins has been identified using TMT-labeling mass spectrometry analysis. Although some proteins are known to be secreted, such as the type III secretion substrates, PsaA and F1 antigen, most of them were found to be secretory proteins for the first time. Comparative proteomic analysis showed that membrane proteins, chaperonins and stress response proteins are significantly upregulated under the Mh condition, among which the previously uncharacterized proteins YP_3416∼YP_3418 are remarkable because they cannot only be secreted but also translocated into HeLa cells by Y. pestis. We further demonstrated that the purified YP_3416 and YP_3418 exhibited E3 ubiquitin ligase activity in in vitro ubiquitination assay and yp_3416∼3418 deletion mutant of Y. pestis showed significant virulence attenuation in mice. Taken together, our results represent the first Y. pestis secretome, which will promote the better understanding of Y. pestis pathogenesis, as well as the development of new strategies for treatment and prevention of plague.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shiyang Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Yuling Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanfeng Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Songbiao Zhu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yafang Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Tong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Yajun Song
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Haiteng Deng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
| | - Ruifu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China.
| | - Zongmin Du
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Gao X, Wang M, Liu Z, Bi Y, Song Y, Yang R, Han Y. Altered Yersinia pestis virulence is associated with the small regulatory RNA HmsA encoded on the plasmid pPCP1. Future Microbiol 2020; 15:1207-1215. [PMID: 33026884 DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2019-0319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: The aim of this study was to access the effect of HmsA, a 65-nt small regulatory RNA encoded by the pPCP1 plasmid, on Yersinia pestis virulence. Materials & methods: Survival and the competition index were determined in mice infected with wild-type Y. pestis and an hmsA deletion mutant. RNA-seq was used to identify HmsA-regulated genes. Results: HmsA deletion enhanced Y. pestis virulence. However, there was no overlap between 18 upregulated genes associated with pathogenicity and potential direct HmsA targets, based on gene expression screening after HmsA-pulse overexpression. Conclusion: HmsA inhibits Y. pestis virulence, but this effect may be mediated by indirect effects on pathogenesis, iron homeostasis and/or other cellular processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen & Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology & Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China.,Microbiology Laboratory, Jiading Center for Disease Control & Prevention, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Min Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen & Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology & Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Zizhong Liu
- China Astronaut Research & Training Center, Beijing 100094, China
| | - Yujing Bi
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen & Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology & Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Yajun Song
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen & Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology & Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Ruifu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen & Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology & Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Yanping Han
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen & Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology & Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Roles of TroA and TroR in Metalloregulated Growth and Gene Expression in Treponema denticola. J Bacteriol 2020; 202:JB.00770-19. [PMID: 31932313 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00770-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The availability of divalent metal cations required as cofactors for microbial metabolism is severely limited in the host environment. Bacteria have evolved highly regulated uptake systems to maintain essential metal homeostasis to meet cellular demands while preventing toxicity. The Tro operon (troABCDR), present in all sequenced Treponema spp., is a member of a highly conserved family of ATP-binding cassette transporters involved in metal cation uptake whose expression is controlled by TroR, a DtxR-like cation-responsive regulatory protein. Transcription of troA responds to divalent manganese and iron (T. denticola) or manganese and zinc (T. pallidum), and metal-dependent TroR binding to the troA promoter represses troA transcription. We report here the construction and complementation of defined T. denticola ΔtroR and ΔtroA strains to characterize (i) the role of TroA in metal-dependent T. denticola growth and (ii) the role of TroR in T. denticola gene expression. We show that TroA expression is required for T. denticola growth under iron- and manganese-limited conditions. Furthermore, TroR is required for the transcriptional regulation of troA in response to iron or manganese, and deletion of troR results in significant differential expression of more than 800 T. denticola genes in addition to troA These results suggest that (i) TroA-mediated cation uptake is important in metal homeostasis in vitro and may be important for Treponema survival in the host environment and (ii) the absence of TroR results in significant dysregulation of nearly one-third of the T. denticola genome. These effects may be direct (as with troA) or indirect due to dysregulation of metal homeostasis.IMPORTANCE Treponema denticola is one of numerous host-associated spirochetes, a group including commensals, pathobionts, and at least one frank pathogen. While most T. denticola research concerns its role in periodontitis, its relative tractability for growth and genetic manipulation make it a useful model for studying Treponema physiology, metabolism, and host-microbe interactions. Metal micronutrient acquisition and homeostasis are highly regulated both in microbial cells and by host innate defense mechanisms that severely limit metal cation bioavailability. Here, we characterized the T. denticola troABCDR operon, the role of TroA-mediated iron and manganese uptake in growth, and the effects of TroR on global gene expression. This study contributes to our understanding of the mechanisms involved in cellular metal homeostasis required for survival in the host environment.
Collapse
|
6
|
Ormsby MJ, Grahame E, Burchmore R, Davies RL. Comparative bioinformatic and proteomic approaches to evaluate the outer membrane proteome of the fish pathogen Yersinia ruckeri. J Proteomics 2019; 199:135-147. [PMID: 30831250 PMCID: PMC6447952 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2019.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Revised: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Yersinia ruckeri is the aetiological agent of enteric redmouth (ERM) disease and is responsible for significant economic losses in farmed salmonids. Enteric redmouth disease is associated primarily with rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum) but its incidence in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) is increasing. Outer membrane proteins (OMPs) of Gram-negative bacteria are located at the host-pathogen interface and play important roles in virulence. The outer membrane of Y. ruckeri is poorly characterised and little is known about its composition and the roles of individual OMPs in virulence. Here, we employed a bioinformatic pipeline to first predict the OMP composition of Y. ruckeri. Comparative proteomic approaches were subsequently used to identify those proteins expressed in vitro in eight representative isolates recovered from Atlantic salmon and rainbow trout. One hundred and forty-one OMPs were predicted from four Y. ruckeri genomes and 77 of these were identified in three or more genomes and were considered as "core" proteins. Gel-free and gel-based proteomic approaches together identified 65 OMPs in a single reference isolate and subsequent gel-free analysis identified 64 OMPs in the eight Atlantic salmon and rainbow trout isolates. Together, our gel-free and gel-based proteomic analyses identified 84 unique OMPs in Y. ruckeri. SIGNIFICANCE: Yersinia ruckeri is an important pathogen of Atlantic salmon and rainbow trout and is of major economic significance to the aquaculture industry worldwide. Disease outbreaks are becoming more problematic in Atlantic salmon and there is an urgent need to investigate in further detail the cell-surface (outer membrane) composition of strains infecting each of these host species. Currently, the outer membrane of Y. ruckeri is poorly characterised and very little is known about the OMP composition of strains infecting each of these salmonid species. This study represents the most comprehensive comparative outer membrane proteomic analysis of Y. ruckeri to date, encompassing isolates of different biotypes, serotypes, OMP-types and hosts of origin and provides insights into the potential roles of these diverse proteins in host-pathogen interactions. The study has identified key OMPs likely to be involved in disease pathogenesis and makes a significant contribution to furthering our understanding of the cell-surface composition of this important fish pathogen that will be relevant to the development of improved vaccines and therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Ormsby
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Sir Graeme Davies Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK
| | - Edward Grahame
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Sir Graeme Davies Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK
| | - Richard Burchmore
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Sir Graeme Davies Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK; Polyomics, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, TCRC, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 1QH, UK
| | - Robert L Davies
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Sir Graeme Davies Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhang Q, Xin Y, Zhao H, Liu R, Xu X, Yan Y, Kong Z, Wang T, Qi Z, Zhang Q, You Y, Song Y, Cui Y, Yang R, Zhang X, Du Z. Human Macrophages Clear the Biovar Microtus Strain of Yersinia pestis More Efficiently Than Murine Macrophages. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2019; 9:111. [PMID: 31069175 PMCID: PMC6491462 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2019.00111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Yersinia pestis is the etiological agent of the notorious plague that has claimed millions of deaths in history. Of the four known Y. pestis biovars (Antiqua, Medievalis, Orientalis, and Microtus), Microtus strains are unique for being highly virulent in mice but avirulent in humans. Here, human peripheral lymphocytes were infected with the fully virulent 141 strain or the Microtus strain 201, and their transcriptomes were determined and compared. The most notable finding was that robust responses in the pathways for cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, chemokine signaling pathway, Toll-like receptor signaling and Jak-STAT signaling were induced at 2 h post infection (hpi) in the 201- but not the 141-infected lymphocytes, suggesting that human lymphocytes might be able to constrain infections caused by strain 201 but not 141. Consistent with the transcriptome results, much higher IFN-γ and IL-1β were present in the supernatants from the 201-infected lymphocytes, while inflammatory inhibitory IL-10 levels were higher in the 141-infected lymphocytes. The expressions of CSTD and SLC11A1, both of which are functional components of the lysosome, increased in the 201-infected human macrophage-like U937 cells. Further assessment of the survival rate of the 201 bacilli in the U937 cells and murine macrophage RAW 264.7 cells revealed no viable bacteria in the U937 cells at 32 hpi.; however, about 5–10% of the bacteria were still alive in the RAW264.7 cells. Our results indicate that human macrophages can clear the intracellular Y. pestis 201 bacilli more efficiently than murine macrophages, probably by interfering with critical host immune responses, and this could partially account for the host-specific pathogenicity of Y. pestis Microtus strains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qingwen Zhang
- Qinghai Institute for Endemic Disease Prevention and Control, Xining, China
| | - Youquan Xin
- Qinghai Institute for Endemic Disease Prevention and Control, Xining, China
| | - Haihong Zhao
- Qinghai Institute for Endemic Disease Prevention and Control, Xining, China
| | - Rongjiao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoqing Xu
- Qinghai Institute for Endemic Disease Prevention and Control, Xining, China
| | - Yanfeng Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Zhipeng Kong
- Qinghai Institute for Endemic Disease Prevention and Control, Xining, China
| | - Tong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Zhizhen Qi
- Qinghai Institute for Endemic Disease Prevention and Control, Xining, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Qinghai Institute for Endemic Disease Prevention and Control, Xining, China
| | - Yang You
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Yajun Song
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Yujun Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Ruifu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Xuefei Zhang
- Qinghai Institute for Endemic Disease Prevention and Control, Xining, China
| | - Zongmin Du
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Kumar G, Hummel K, Welch TJ, Razzazi-Fazeli E, El-Matbouli M. Global proteomic profiling of Yersinia ruckeri strains. Vet Res 2017; 48:55. [PMID: 28931430 PMCID: PMC5607619 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-017-0460-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Yersinia ruckeri is the causative agent of enteric redmouth disease (ERM) of salmonids. There is little information regarding the proteomics of Y. ruckeri. Herein, we perform whole protein identification and quantification of biotype 1 and biotype 2 strains of Y. ruckeri grown under standard culture conditions using a shotgun proteomic approach. Proteins were extracted, digested and peptides were separated by a nano liquid chromatography system and analyzed with a high-resolution hybrid triple quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometer coupled via a nano ESI interface. SWATH-MS technology and sophisticated statistical analyses were used to identify proteome differences among virulent and avirulent strains. GO annotation, subcellular localization, virulence proteins and antibiotic resistance ontology were predicted using bioinformatic tools. A total of 1395 proteins were identified in the whole cell of Y. ruckeri. These included proteases, chaperones, cell division proteins, outer membrane proteins, lipoproteins, receptors, ion binding proteins, transporters and catalytic proteins. In virulent strains, a total of 16 proteins were upregulated including anti-sigma regulatory factor, arginine deiminase, phosphate-binding protein PstS and superoxide dismutase Cu-Zu. Additionally, several virulence proteins were predicted such as Clp and Lon pro-teases, TolB, PPIases, PstS, PhoP and LuxR family transcriptional regulators. These putative virulence proteins might be used for development of novel targets for treatment of ERM in fish. Our study represents one of the first global proteomic reference profiles of Y. ruckeri and this data can be accessed via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD005439. These proteomic profiles elucidate proteomic mechanisms, pathogenicity, host-interactions, antibiotic resistance ontology and localization of Y. ruckeri proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gokhlesh Kumar
- Clinical Division of Fish Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Karin Hummel
- VetCore Facility for Research/Proteomics Unit, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Timothy J Welch
- National Center for Cool and Cold Water Aquaculture, Kearneysville, USA
| | - Ebrahim Razzazi-Fazeli
- VetCore Facility for Research/Proteomics Unit, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mansour El-Matbouli
- Clinical Division of Fish Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210, Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Kumar G, Hummel K, Ahrens M, Menanteau-Ledouble S, Welch TJ, Eisenacher M, Razzazi-Fazeli E, El-Matbouli M. Shotgun proteomic analysis of Yersinia ruckeri strains under normal and iron-limited conditions. Vet Res 2016; 47:100. [PMID: 27716418 PMCID: PMC5054536 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-016-0384-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Yersinia ruckeri is the causative agent of enteric redmouth disease of fish that causes significant economic losses, particularly in salmonids. Bacterial pathogens differentially express proteins in the host during the infection process, and under certain environmental conditions. Iron is an essential nutrient for many cellular processes and is involved in host sensing and virulence regulation in many bacteria. Little is known about proteomics expression of Y. ruckeri in response to iron-limited conditions. Here, we present whole cell protein identification and quantification for two motile and two non-motile strains of Y. ruckeri cultured in vitro under iron-sufficient and iron-limited conditions, using a shotgun proteomic approach. Label-free, gel-free quantification was performed using a nanoLC-ESI and high resolution mass spectrometry. SWATH technology was used to distinguish between different strains and their responses to iron limitation. Sixty-one differentially expressed proteins were identified in four Y. ruckeri strains. These proteins were involved in processes including iron ion capture and transport, and enzymatic metabolism. The proteins were confirmed to be differentially expressed at the transcriptional level using quantitative real time PCR. Our study provides the first detailed proteome analysis of Y. ruckeri strains, which contributes to our understanding of virulence mechanisms of Y. ruckeri, and informs development of novel control methods for enteric redmouth disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gokhlesh Kumar
- Clinical Division of Fish Medicine, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Karin Hummel
- VetCore Facility for Research/Proteomics Unit, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Maike Ahrens
- Medizinisches Proteom-Center, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Simon Menanteau-Ledouble
- Clinical Division of Fish Medicine, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Timothy J Welch
- National Center for Cool and Cold Water Aquaculture, Kearneysville, USA
| | - Martin Eisenacher
- Medizinisches Proteom-Center, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Ebrahim Razzazi-Fazeli
- VetCore Facility for Research/Proteomics Unit, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mansour El-Matbouli
- Clinical Division of Fish Medicine, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Mao Y, Yang X, Liu Y, Yan Y, Du Z, Han Y, Song Y, Zhou L, Cui Y, Yang R. Reannotation of Yersinia pestis Strain 91001 Based on Omics Data. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2016; 95:562-70. [PMID: 27382076 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.16-0215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Yersinia pestis is among the most dangerous human pathogens, and systematic research of this pathogen is important in bacterial pathogenomics research. To fully interpret the biological functions, physiological characteristics, and pathogenesis of Y. pestis, a comprehensive annotation of its entire genome is necessary. The emergence of omics-based research has brought new opportunities to better annotate the genome of this pathogen. Here, the complete genome of Y. pestis strain 91001 was reannotated using genomics and proteogenomics data. One hundred and thirty-seven unreliable coding sequences were removed, and 41 homologous genes were relocated with their translational initiation sites, while the functions of seven pseudogenes and 392 hypothetical genes were revised. Moreover, annotations of noncoding RNAs, repeat sequences, and transposable elements have also been incorporated. The reannotated results are freely available at http://tody.bmi.ac.cn.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yiqing Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, People's Republic of China. Center of Information Technology, Beijing Institute of Health and Medical Information, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianwei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Biotechnology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanfeng Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zongmin Du
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanping Han
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yajun Song
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yujun Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ruifu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Yang R, Motin VL. Yersinia pestis in the Age of Big Data. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2016; 918:257-272. [PMID: 27722866 DOI: 10.1007/978-94-024-0890-4_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2023]
Abstract
As omics-driven technologies developed rapidly, genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics and other omics-based data have been accumulated in unprecedented speed. Omics-driven big data in biology have changed our way of research. "Big science" has promoted our understanding of biology in a holistic overview that is impossibly achieved by traditional hypothesis-driven research. In this chapter, we gave an overview of omics-driven research on Y. pestis, provided a way of thinking on Yersinia pestis research in the age of big data, and made some suggestions to integrate omics-based data for systems understanding of Y. pestis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruifu Yang
- Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, No. Dongdajie, Fengtai, Beijing, 100071, China.
| | - Vladimir L Motin
- Departments of Pathology and Microbiology & Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Zhang L, Wen Y, Li Y, Wei X, Yan X, Wen X, Wu R, Huang X, Huang Y, Yan Q, Liu M, Cao S. Comparative proteomic analysis of the membrane proteins of two Haemophilus parasuis strains to identify proteins that may help in habitat adaptation and pathogenesis. Proteome Sci 2014; 12:38. [PMID: 25057263 PMCID: PMC4107730 DOI: 10.1186/1477-5956-12-38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2014] [Accepted: 06/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Haemophilus parasuis is the causative agent of Glässer’s disease characterized by polyserositis, arthritis, and meningitis in pig, leading to serious economic loss. Despite many years of study, virulence factors and the mechanisms of the entire infection process remain largely unclear. So two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry were used to search for distinctions at the membrane protein expression level between two H. parasuis isolates aimed at uncovering some proteins potentially involved in habitat adaption and pathogenesis. Results A comparative proteomic approach combining two-dimensional gel electrophoresis with mass spectrometry and tandem mass spectrometry was employed to explore the differences among membrane proteomes of a virulent Haemophilus parasuis strain isolated from the lung of a diseased pig and an avirulent strain isolated from the nasal swab of a healthy pig. Differentially expressed protein spots identified by mass spectrometry were annotated and analyzed by bioinformatic interpretation. The mRNA level was determined by quantitative real-time PCR. Proteins representing diverse functional activities were identified. Among them, the tonB-dependent siderophore receptor was a new discovery highlighted for its activity in iron uptake. In addition, periplasmic serine protease and putrescine/spermidine ABC transporter substrate-binding protein were given focus because of their virulence potential. This study revealed that the differentially expressed proteins were important in either the habitat adaption or pathogenesis of H. parasuis. Conclusions The outcome demonstrated the presence of some proteins which raise the speculation for their importance in helping in habitat adaption or pathogenesis within the host.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luhua Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan 625014, PR China
| | - Yiping Wen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan 625014, PR China
| | - Ying Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan 625014, PR China
| | - Xingliang Wei
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan 625014, PR China
| | - Xuefeng Yan
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan 625014, PR China
| | - Xintian Wen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan 625014, PR China
| | - Rui Wu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan 625014, PR China
| | - Xiaobo Huang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan 625014, PR China
| | - Yong Huang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan 625014, PR China
| | - Qigui Yan
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan 625014, PR China
| | - Mafeng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan 625014, PR China
| | - Sanjie Cao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan 625014, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Zheng J, Liu L, Wang J, Jin Q. Urinary proteomic and non-prefractionation quantitative phosphoproteomic analysis during pregnancy and non-pregnancy. BMC Genomics 2013; 14:777. [PMID: 24215720 PMCID: PMC3832905 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-14-777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2013] [Accepted: 10/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Progress in the fields of protein separation and identification technologies has accelerated research into biofluids proteomics for protein biomarker discovery. Urine has become an ideal and rich source of biomarkers in clinical proteomics. Here we performed a proteomic analysis of urine samples from pregnant and non-pregnant patients using gel electrophoresis and high-resolution mass spectrometry. Furthermore, we also apply a non-prefractionation quantitative phosphoproteomic approach using mTRAQ labeling to evaluate the expression of specific phosphoproteins during pregnancy comparison with non-pregnancy. RESULTS In total, 2579 proteins (10429 unique peptides) were identified, including 1408 from the urine of pregnant volunteers and 1985 from the urine of non-pregnant volunteers. One thousand and twenty-three proteins were not reported in previous studies at the proteome level and were unique to our study. Furthermore, we obtained 237 phosphopeptides, representing 105 phosphoproteins. Among these phosphoproteins, 16 of them were found to be significantly differentially expressed, of which 14 were up-regulated and two were down-regulated in urine samples from women just before vaginal delivery. CONCLUSION Taken together, these results offer a comprehensive urinary proteomic profile of healthy women during before and after vaginal delivery and novel information on the phosphoproteins that are differentially regulated during the maintenance of normal pregnancy. Our results may provide a better understanding of the mechanisms of pregnancy maintenance, potentially leading to the development of biomarker-based sensitive assays for understanding pregnancy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Qi Jin
- MOH Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, No,6, Rongjing East Street, BDA, Beijing 100176, China.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Yang R, Du Z, Han Y, Zhou L, Song Y, Zhou D, Cui Y. Omics strategies for revealing Yersinia pestis virulence. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2012; 2:157. [PMID: 23248778 PMCID: PMC3521224 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2012.00157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2012] [Accepted: 11/27/2012] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Omics has remarkably changed the way we investigate and understand life. Omics differs from traditional hypothesis-driven research because it is a discovery-driven approach. Mass datasets produced from omics-based studies require experts from different fields to reveal the salient features behind these data. In this review, we summarize omics-driven studies to reveal the virulence features of Yersinia pestis through genomics, trascriptomics, proteomics, interactomics, etc. These studies serve as foundations for further hypothesis-driven research and help us gain insight into Y. pestis pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruifu Yang
- Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology Beijing, China.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Zheng J, Liu L, Wei C, Leng W, Yang J, Li W, Wang J, Jin Q. A comprehensive proteomic analysis of Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin using high resolution Fourier transform mass spectrometry. J Proteomics 2012; 77:357-71. [PMID: 23000594 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2012.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2012] [Revised: 08/13/2012] [Accepted: 09/08/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Since 1921, Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) has been recognized as an important vaccine to prevent tuberculosis worldwide. Nonetheless, a global analysis of BCG proteome has not been clearly investigated. In this study, we performed an in-depth proteomic analysis of BCG under an in vitro cultivation condition using SDS-PAGE and high resolution Fourier transform mass spectrometry. In total, 3434 proteins (35,259 unique peptides) including 512 transmembrane proteins were identified, covering ~87% of the predicted BCG proteome. Seven pseudogene protein products were also obtained and validated by RT-PCR at gene transcript level. Additionally, translational start sites of 832 proteins were confirmed and 186 were extended using N-terminus-derived peptides. The physicochemical characteristics of all identified proteins were determined. Some predominant proteins, including PE and PPE family proteins, lipoproteins, heat shock proteins, transport proteins and low molecular weight protein antigens, are discussed, which represent potential prominent antigens in the humoral and cellular immune response. This study represents the most comprehensive BCG proteome to date, which will likely facilitate the design of vaccination and immunodiagnostic strategies against TB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianhua Zheng
- MOH Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, PR China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Abstract
With plague being not only a subject of interest for historians, but still a disease of public health concern in several countries, mainly in Africa, there were hopes that analyses of the Yersinia pestis genomes would put an end to this deadly epidemic pathogen. Genomics revealed that Y. pestis isolates evolved from Yersinia pseudotuberculosis in Central Asia some millennia ago, after the acquisition of two Y. pestis-specific plasmids balanced genomic reduction parallel with the expansion of insertion sequences, illustrating the modern concept that, except for the acquisition of plasmid-borne toxin-encoding genes, the increased virulence of Y. pestis resulted from gene loss rather than gene acquisition. The telluric persistence of Y. pestis reminds us of this close relationship, and matters in terms of plague epidemiology. Whereas biotype Orientalis isolates spread worldwide, the Antiqua and Medievalis isolates showed more limited expansion. In addition to animal ectoparasites, human ectoparasites such as the body louse may have participated in this expansion and in devastating historical epidemics. The recent analysis of a Black Death genome indicated that it was more closely related to the Orientalis branch than to the Medievalis branch. Modern Y. pestis isolates grossly exhibit the same gene content, but still undergo micro-evolution in geographically limited areas by differing in the genome architecture, owing to inversions near insertion sequences and the stabilization of the YpfPhi prophage in Orientalis biotype isolates. Genomics have provided several new molecular tools for the genotyping and phylogeographical tracing of isolates and description of plague foci. However, genomics and post-genomics approaches have not yet provided new tools for the prevention, diagnosis and management of plague patients and the plague epidemics still raging in some sub-Saharan countries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Drancourt
- URMITE UMR CNRS 6236 IRD 98, IFR48, Méditerranée Infection, Aix-Marseille-Université, Marseille, France.
| |
Collapse
|