1
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Contini C, Fadda L, Lai G, Masala C, Olianas A, Castagnola M, Messana I, Iavarone F, Bizzarro A, Masullo C, Solla P, Defazio G, Manconi B, Diaz G, Cabras T. A top-down proteomic approach reveals a salivary protein profile able to classify Parkinson's disease with respect to Alzheimer's disease patients and to healthy controls. Proteomics 2024; 24:e2300202. [PMID: 37541286 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.202300202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a complex neurodegenerative disease with motor and non-motor symptoms. Diagnosis is complicated by lack of reliable biomarkers. To individuate peptides and/or proteins with diagnostic potential for early diagnosis, severity and discrimination from similar pathologies, the salivary proteome in 36 PD patients was investigated in comparison with 36 healthy controls (HC) and 35 Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients. A top-down platform based on HPLC-ESI-IT-MS allowed characterizing and quantifying intact peptides, small proteins and their PTMs (overall 51). The three groups showed significantly different protein profiles, PD showed the highest levels of cystatin SA and antileukoproteinase and the lowest of cystatin SN and some statherin proteoforms. HC exhibited the lowest abundance of thymosin β4, short S100A9, cystatin A, and dimeric cystatin B. AD patients showed the highest abundance of α-defensins and short oxidized S100A9. Moreover, different proteoforms of the same protein, as S-cysteinylated and S-glutathionylated cystatin B, showed opposite trends in the two pathological groups. Statherin, cystatins SA and SN classified accurately PD from HC and AD subjects. α-defensins, histatin 1, oxidized S100A9, and P-B fragments were the best classifying factors between PD and AD patients. Interestingly statherin and thymosin β4 correlated with defective olfactory functions in PD patients. All these outcomes highlighted implications of specific proteoforms involved in the innate-immune response and inflammation regulation at oral and systemic level, suggesting a possible panel of molecular and clinical markers suitable to recognize subjects affected by PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Contini
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria Monserrato, Monserrato, CA, Italy
| | - Laura Fadda
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, Institute of Neurology, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Greca Lai
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria Monserrato, Monserrato, CA, Italy
| | - Carla Masala
- Department of Biomedical Sciences University of Cagliari, Cittadella Univ. Monserrato, Monserrato, Italy
| | - Alessandra Olianas
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria Monserrato, Monserrato, CA, Italy
| | - Massimo Castagnola
- Proteomics Laboratory. European Center for Brain Research, (IRCCS) Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Irene Messana
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche "Giulio Natta", Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Iavarone
- Department of Basic Biotechnological Sciences, Intensive and Perioperative Clinics, Rome, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli", IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Bizzarro
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli", IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Department of Geriatrics, Orthopaedics and Rheumatology, Rome, Italy
| | - Carlo Masullo
- Department of Neuroscience, Neurology Section, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Solla
- Neurological Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Giovanni Defazio
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, Institute of Neurology, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Barbara Manconi
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria Monserrato, Monserrato, CA, Italy
| | - Giacomo Diaz
- Department of Biomedical Sciences University of Cagliari, Cittadella Univ. Monserrato, Monserrato, Italy
| | - Tiziana Cabras
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria Monserrato, Monserrato, CA, Italy
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2
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Messana I, Manconi B, Cabras T, Boroumand M, Sanna MT, Iavarone F, Olianas A, Desiderio C, Rossetti DV, Vincenzoni F, Contini C, Guadalupi G, Fiorita A, Faa G, Castagnola M. The Post-Translational Modifications of Human Salivary Peptides and Proteins Evidenced by Top-Down Platforms. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12776. [PMID: 37628956 PMCID: PMC10454625 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
In this review, we extensively describe the main post-translational modifications that give rise to the multiple proteoforms characterized to date in the human salivary proteome and their potential role. Most of the data reported were obtained by our group in over twenty-five years of research carried out on human saliva mainly by applying a top-down strategy. In the beginning, we describe the products generated by proteolytic cleavages, which can occur before and after secretion. In this section, the most relevant families of salivary proteins are also described. Next, we report the current information concerning the human salivary phospho-proteome and the limited news available on sulfo-proteomes. Three sections are dedicated to the description of glycation and enzymatic glycosylation. Citrullination and N- and C-terminal post-translational modifications (PTMs) and miscellaneous other modifications are described in the last two sections. Results highlighting the variation in the level of some proteoforms in local or systemic pathologies are also reviewed throughout the sections of the manuscript to underline the impact and relevance of this information for the development of new diagnostic biomarkers useful in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Messana
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche “Giulio Natta”, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 00168 Rome, Italy; (I.M.); (C.D.); (D.V.R.)
| | - Barbara Manconi
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy; (B.M.); (M.T.S.); (A.O.); (C.C.); (G.G.)
| | - Tiziana Cabras
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy; (B.M.); (M.T.S.); (A.O.); (C.C.); (G.G.)
| | | | - Maria Teresa Sanna
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy; (B.M.); (M.T.S.); (A.O.); (C.C.); (G.G.)
| | - Federica Iavarone
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biotecnologiche di Base, Cliniche Intensivologiche e Perioperatorie, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; (F.I.); (F.V.)
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli Fondazione IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Alessandra Olianas
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy; (B.M.); (M.T.S.); (A.O.); (C.C.); (G.G.)
| | - Claudia Desiderio
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche “Giulio Natta”, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 00168 Rome, Italy; (I.M.); (C.D.); (D.V.R.)
| | - Diana Valeria Rossetti
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche “Giulio Natta”, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 00168 Rome, Italy; (I.M.); (C.D.); (D.V.R.)
| | - Federica Vincenzoni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biotecnologiche di Base, Cliniche Intensivologiche e Perioperatorie, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; (F.I.); (F.V.)
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli Fondazione IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Cristina Contini
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy; (B.M.); (M.T.S.); (A.O.); (C.C.); (G.G.)
| | - Giulia Guadalupi
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy; (B.M.); (M.T.S.); (A.O.); (C.C.); (G.G.)
| | - Antonella Fiorita
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli Fondazione IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy;
- Dipartimento di Scienze dell’Invecchiamento, Neurologiche, Ortopediche e della Testa e del Collo, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Gavino Faa
- Unit of Pathology, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy;
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
| | - Massimo Castagnola
- Proteomics Laboratory, European Center for Brain Research, (IRCCS) Santa Lucia Foundation, 00168 Rome, Italy;
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Contini C, Serrao S, Manconi B, Olianas A, Iavarone F, Guadalupi G, Messana I, Castagnola M, Masullo C, Bizzarro A, Turck CW, Maccarrone G, Cabras T. Characterization of Cystatin B Interactome in Saliva from Healthy Elderly and Alzheimer’s Disease Patients. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13030748. [PMID: 36983903 PMCID: PMC10054399 DOI: 10.3390/life13030748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Cystatin B is a small, multifunctional protein involved in the regulation of inflammation, innate immune response, and neuronal protection and found highly abundant in the brains of patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Recently, our study demonstrated a significant association between the level of salivary cystatin B and AD. Since the protein is able to establish protein-protein interaction (PPI) in different contexts and aggregation-prone proteins and the PPI networks are relevant for AD pathogenesis, and due to the relevance of finding new AD markers in peripheral biofluids, we thought it was interesting to study the possible involvement of cystatin B in PPIs in saliva and to evaluate differences and similarities between AD and age-matched elderly healthy controls (HC). For this purpose, we applied a co-immunoprecipitation procedure and a bottom-up proteomics analysis to purify, identify, and quantify cystatin B interactors. Results demonstrated for the first time the existence of a salivary cystatin B-linked multi-protein complex composed by 82 interactors and largely expressed in the body. Interactors are involved in neutrophil activation, antimicrobial activity, modulation of the cytoskeleton and extra-cellular matrix (ECM), and glucose metabolism. Preliminary quantitative data showed significantly lower levels of triosophosphate isomerase 1 and higher levels of mucin 7, BPI, and matrix Gla protein in AD with respect to HC, suggesting implications associated with AD of altered glucose metabolism, antibacterial activities, and calcification-associated processes. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifiers PXD039286 and PXD030679.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Contini
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Simone Serrao
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Barbara Manconi
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Alessandra Olianas
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Federica Iavarone
- Department of Basic Biotechnological Sciences, Intensive and Perioperative Clinics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” Foundation IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Guadalupi
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Irene Messana
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche “Giulio Natta”, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Castagnola
- Proteomics Laboratory, European Center for Brain Research, (IRCCS) Santa Lucia Foundation, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Carlo Masullo
- Department of Neuroscience, Neurology Section, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Christoph W. Turck
- Proteomics and Biomarkers, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, 80804 Munich, Germany
| | - Giuseppina Maccarrone
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, 80804 Munich, Germany
| | - Tiziana Cabras
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
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4
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Boroumand M, Manconi B, Serrao S, Iavarone F, Olianas A, Cabras T, Contini C, Pieroni L, Sanna MT, Vento G, Tirone C, Desiderio C, Fiorita A, Faa G, Messana I, Castagnola M. Investigation by top‐down high‐performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry of glutathionylation and cysteinylation of salivary S100A9 and cystatin B in preterm newborns. SEPARATION SCIENCE PLUS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/sscp.202100049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mozghan Boroumand
- Laboratorio di Proteomica, Centro Europeo di Ricerca sul Cervello IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia Via Ardeatina, 306/354 Roma 00179 Italy
| | - Barbara Manconi
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente Università di Cagliari Cagliari Italy
| | - Simone Serrao
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente Università di Cagliari Cagliari Italy
| | - Federica Iavarone
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” ‐ IRCCS Roma Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biotecnologiche di Base Cliniche Intensivologiche e Perioperatorie Facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia Università Cattolica Sacro Cuore Roma Italy
| | - Alessandra Olianas
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente Università di Cagliari Cagliari Italy
| | - Tiziana Cabras
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente Università di Cagliari Cagliari Italy
| | - Cristina Contini
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente Università di Cagliari Cagliari Italy
| | - Luisa Pieroni
- Laboratorio di Proteomica, Centro Europeo di Ricerca sul Cervello IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia Via Ardeatina, 306/354 Roma 00179 Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Sanna
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente Università di Cagliari Cagliari Italy
| | - Giovanni Vento
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” ‐ IRCCS Roma Italy
- Divisione di Neonatologia Dipartimento per la Salute della Donna e del Bambino Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore Roma Italy
| | - Chiara Tirone
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” ‐ IRCCS Roma Italy
- Divisione di Neonatologia Dipartimento per la Salute della Donna e del Bambino Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore Roma Italy
| | - Claudia Desiderio
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche “Giulio Natta” Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Roma Italy
| | - Antonella Fiorita
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” ‐ IRCCS Roma Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze dell'Invecchiamento Neurologiche Ortopediche e della Testa e del Collo Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore Roma Italy
| | - Gavino Faa
- Sezione di Anatomia Patologica Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Sanità Pubblica Università di Cagliari Cagliari Italy
- Temple University Philadelphia USA
| | - Irene Messana
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche “Giulio Natta” Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Roma Italy
| | - Massimo Castagnola
- Laboratorio di Proteomica, Centro Europeo di Ricerca sul Cervello IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia Via Ardeatina, 306/354 Roma 00179 Italy
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5
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Serrao S, Firinu D, Olianas A, Deidda M, Contini C, Iavarone F, Sanna MT, Boroumand M, Amado F, Castagnola M, Messana I, Del Giacco S, Manconi B, Cabras T. Top-Down Proteomics of Human Saliva Discloses Significant Variations of the Protein Profile in Patients with Mastocytosis. J Proteome Res 2020. [PMID: 32575983 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.0c00207.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Mastocytosis is a myeloproliferative neoplasm causing abnormal clonal mast cell accumulation in different tissues, such as skin and bone marrow. A cutaneous subtype (CM) is distinguished from a systemic one (SM); SM patients can be grouped into SM with (SM+C) or without (SM-C) additional cutaneous lesions, and their classification is often challenging. This study was purposed to highlight variations in the salivary proteome of patients with different mastocytosis subtypes and compared to healthy controls. A top-down proteomics approach coupled to a label-free quantitation revealed salivary profiles in patients different from those of controls and a down-regulation of peptides/proteins involved in the mouth homeostasis and defense, such as statherin, histatins, and acidic proline-rich proteins (aPRPs), and in innate immunity and inflammation, such as the cathepsin inhibitors, suggesting a systemic condition associated with an exacerbated inflammatory state. The up-regulation of antileukoproteinase and S100A8 suggested a protective role against the disease status. The two SM forms were distinguished by the lower levels of truncated forms of aPRPs, statherin, P-B peptide, and cystatin D and the higher levels of thymosin β4 and α-defensins 1 and 4 in SM-C patients with respect to SM+C. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD017759.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Serrao
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università di Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Davide Firinu
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Sanità Pubblica, Università di Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Alessandra Olianas
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università di Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Margherita Deidda
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Sanità Pubblica, Università di Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Cristina Contini
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università di Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Federica Iavarone
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biotecnologiche di Base, Cliniche Intensivologiche e Perioperatorie, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Roma, Italy.,Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Roma, Italy
| | - M Teresa Sanna
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università di Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Mozhgan Boroumand
- Laboratorio di Proteomica e Metabonomica-IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, 100168 Roma, Italy
| | - Francisco Amado
- QOPNA, Mass spectrometry center, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Massimo Castagnola
- Laboratorio di Proteomica e Metabonomica-IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, 100168 Roma, Italy
| | - Irene Messana
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche "Giulio Natta", Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Stefano Del Giacco
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Sanità Pubblica, Università di Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Barbara Manconi
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università di Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Tiziana Cabras
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università di Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
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6
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Serrao S, Firinu D, Olianas A, Deidda M, Contini C, Iavarone F, Sanna MT, Boroumand M, Amado F, Castagnola M, Messana I, Del Giacco S, Manconi B, Cabras T. Top-Down Proteomics of Human Saliva Discloses Significant Variations of the Protein Profile in Patients with Mastocytosis. J Proteome Res 2020; 19:3238-3253. [PMID: 32575983 PMCID: PMC8008451 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.0c00207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
![]()
Mastocytosis is a myeloproliferative neoplasm causing abnormal clonal mast cell
accumulation in different tissues, such as skin and bone marrow. A
cutaneous subtype (CM) is distinguished from a systemic one (SM);
SM patients can be grouped into SM with (SM+C) or without (SM-C) additional
cutaneous lesions, and their classification is often challenging.
This study was purposed to highlight variations in the salivary proteome
of patients with different mastocytosis subtypes and compared to healthy
controls. A top-down proteomics approach coupled to a label-free quantitation
revealed salivary profiles in patients different from those of controls
and a down-regulation of peptides/proteins involved in the mouth homeostasis
and defense, such as statherin, histatins, and acidic proline-rich
proteins (aPRPs), and in innate immunity and inflammation, such as
the cathepsin inhibitors, suggesting a systemic condition associated
with an exacerbated inflammatory state. The up-regulation of antileukoproteinase
and S100A8 suggested a protective role against the disease status.
The two SM forms were distinguished by the lower levels of truncated
forms of aPRPs, statherin, P-B peptide, and cystatin D and the higher
levels of thymosin β4 and α-defensins 1 and 4 in SM-C
patients with respect to SM+C. Data are available via ProteomeXchange
with identifier PXD017759.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Serrao
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università di Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Davide Firinu
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Sanità Pubblica, Università di Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Alessandra Olianas
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università di Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Margherita Deidda
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Sanità Pubblica, Università di Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Cristina Contini
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università di Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Federica Iavarone
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biotecnologiche di Base, Cliniche Intensivologiche e Perioperatorie, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Roma, Italy.,Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Roma, Italy
| | - M Teresa Sanna
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università di Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Mozhgan Boroumand
- Laboratorio di Proteomica e Metabonomica-IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, 100168 Roma, Italy
| | - Francisco Amado
- QOPNA, Mass spectrometry center, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Massimo Castagnola
- Laboratorio di Proteomica e Metabonomica-IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, 100168 Roma, Italy
| | - Irene Messana
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche "Giulio Natta", Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Stefano Del Giacco
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Sanità Pubblica, Università di Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Barbara Manconi
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università di Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Tiziana Cabras
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università di Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
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7
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Contini C, Firinu D, Serrao S, Manconi B, Olianas A, Cinetto F, Cossu F, Castagnola M, Messana I, Del Giacco S, Cabras T. RP-HPLC-ESI-IT Mass Spectrometry Reveals Significant Variations of the Human Salivary Protein Profile Associated with Predominantly Antibody Deficiencies. J Clin Immunol 2020. [PMID: 31916122 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-020-00743-4.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Present study is designed to discover potential salivary biomarkers associated with predominantly antibody deficiencies, which include a large spectrum of disorders sharing failure of antibody production, and B cell defects resulting in recurrent infections, autoimmune and inflammatory manifestations, and tumor susceptibility. Understanding and clinical classification of these syndromes is still challenging. METHODS We carried out a study of human saliva based on liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry measurements of intact protein mass values. Salivary protein profiles of patients (n = 23) and healthy controls (n = 30) were compared. RESULTS Patients exhibited lower abundance of α-defensins 1-4, cystatins S1 and S2, and higher abundance of glutathionylated cystatin B and cystatin SN than controls. Patients could be clustered in two groups on the basis of different levels of cystatin SN, S1 and S2, suggesting that these proteins may play different roles in the disease. CONCLUSIONS Quantitative variations of these pro-inflammatory and antimicrobial peptides/proteins may be related to immunodeficiency and infectious condition of the patients. The high incidence of tumors in the group with the highest level of cystatin SN, which is recognized as tumoral marker, appeared an intriguing result deserving of future investigations. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD012688.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Contini
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Univ. Monserrato, ss 554, 09042, Monserrato, CA, Italy
| | - Davide Firinu
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Univ. Monserrato, Monserrato, 09042, CA, Italy
| | - Simone Serrao
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Univ. Monserrato, ss 554, 09042, Monserrato, CA, Italy
| | - Barbara Manconi
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Univ. Monserrato, ss 554, 09042, Monserrato, CA, Italy.
| | - Alessandra Olianas
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Univ. Monserrato, ss 554, 09042, Monserrato, CA, Italy
| | - Francesco Cinetto
- Ca' Foncello Hospital - Treviso, Department of Medicine - DIMED, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Fausto Cossu
- Pediatric HSCT Unit, Pediatric Clinic of University, Ospedale Microcitemico, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Massimo Castagnola
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Laboratory, IRCCS - Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Irene Messana
- CNR-SCITEC Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche, c/o Istituto di Biochimica e Biochimica Clinica Università Cattolica, L.go F. Vito, 1, 00168, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Del Giacco
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Univ. Monserrato, Monserrato, 09042, CA, Italy
| | - Tiziana Cabras
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Univ. Monserrato, ss 554, 09042, Monserrato, CA, Italy
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8
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RP-HPLC-ESI-IT Mass Spectrometry Reveals Significant Variations of the Human Salivary Protein Profile Associated with Predominantly Antibody Deficiencies. J Clin Immunol 2020; 40:329-339. [PMID: 31916122 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-020-00743-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Present study is designed to discover potential salivary biomarkers associated with predominantly antibody deficiencies, which include a large spectrum of disorders sharing failure of antibody production, and B cell defects resulting in recurrent infections, autoimmune and inflammatory manifestations, and tumor susceptibility. Understanding and clinical classification of these syndromes is still challenging. METHODS We carried out a study of human saliva based on liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry measurements of intact protein mass values. Salivary protein profiles of patients (n = 23) and healthy controls (n = 30) were compared. RESULTS Patients exhibited lower abundance of α-defensins 1-4, cystatins S1 and S2, and higher abundance of glutathionylated cystatin B and cystatin SN than controls. Patients could be clustered in two groups on the basis of different levels of cystatin SN, S1 and S2, suggesting that these proteins may play different roles in the disease. CONCLUSIONS Quantitative variations of these pro-inflammatory and antimicrobial peptides/proteins may be related to immunodeficiency and infectious condition of the patients. The high incidence of tumors in the group with the highest level of cystatin SN, which is recognized as tumoral marker, appeared an intriguing result deserving of future investigations. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD012688.
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9
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Pieroni L, Iavarone F, Olianas A, Greco V, Desiderio C, Martelli C, Manconi B, Sanna MT, Messana I, Castagnola M, Cabras T. Enrichments of post-translational modifications in proteomic studies. J Sep Sci 2019; 43:313-336. [PMID: 31631532 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201900804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
More than 300 different protein post-translational modifications are currently known, but only a few have been extensively investigated because modified proteoforms are commonly present in sub-stoichiometry amount. For this reason, improvement of specific enrichment techniques is particularly useful for the proteomic characterization of post-translationally modified proteins. Enrichment proteomic strategies could help the researcher in the challenging issue to decipher the complex molecular cross-talk existing between the different factors influencing the cellular pathways. In this review the state of art of the platforms applied for the enrichment of specific and most common post-translational modifications, such as glycosylation and glycation, phosphorylation, sulfation, redox modifications (i.e. sulfydration and nitrosylation), methylation, acetylation, and ubiquitinylation, are described. Enrichments strategies applied to characterize less studied post-translational modifications are also briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Pieroni
- Laboratorio di Proteomica e Metabolomica, Centro Europeo di Ricerca sul Cervello, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Iavarone
- Istituto di Biochimica e Biochimica Clinica, Facoltà di Medicina, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.,IRCCS Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Olianas
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università di Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Viviana Greco
- Istituto di Biochimica e Biochimica Clinica, Facoltà di Medicina, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.,IRCCS Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Desiderio
- Istituto di Chimica del Riconoscimento Molecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Martelli
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Barbara Manconi
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università di Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Sanna
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università di Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Irene Messana
- Istituto di Chimica del Riconoscimento Molecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Castagnola
- Laboratorio di Proteomica e Metabolomica, Centro Europeo di Ricerca sul Cervello, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Tiziana Cabras
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università di Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
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10
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Wang K, Zhou X, Li W, Zhang L. Human salivary proteins and their peptidomimetics: Values of function, early diagnosis, and therapeutic potential in combating dental caries. Arch Oral Biol 2018; 99:31-42. [PMID: 30599395 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2018.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Saliva contains a large number of proteins that play various crucial roles to maintain the oral health and tooth integrity. This oral fluid is proposed to be one of the most important host factors, serving as a special medium for monitoring aspects of microorganisms, diet and host susceptibility involved in the caries process. Extensive salivary proteomic and peptidomic studies have resulted in considerable advances in the field of biomarkers discovery for dental caries. These salivary biomarkers may be exploited for the prediction, diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of dental caries, many of which could also provide the potential templates for bioactive peptides used for the biomimetic management of dental caries, rather than repairing caries lesions with artificial materials. A comprehensive understanding of the biological function of salivary proteins as well as their derived biomimetic peptides with promising potential against dental caries has been long awaited. This review overviewed a collection of current literature and addressed the majority of different functions of salivary proteins and peptides with their potential as functional biomarkers for caries risk assessment and clinical prospects for the anti-caries application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Dept. of Cariology and Endodontics West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xuedong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Dept. of Cariology and Endodontics West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Dept. of Cariology and Endodontics West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Linglin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Dept. of Cariology and Endodontics West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
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11
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Cabras T, Manconi B, Castagnola M, Sanna MT, Arba M, Acharya S, Ekström J, Carlén A, Messana I. Proteomics of the acid-soluble fraction of whole and major gland saliva in burning mouth syndrome patients. Arch Oral Biol 2018; 98:148-155. [PMID: 30496935 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2018.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In the present study the salivary proteome of burning mouth syndrome patients and healthy subjects was characterized by a top-down proteomic approach and compared to highlight possible qualitative and quantitative differences that may give suggestions about the causes of this pathology which are still unknown. MATERIALS AND METHODS Resting and stimulated whole saliva, stimulated parotid and submandibular/sublingual saliva samples were collected from burning mouth syndrome patients (n = 16) and age- and gender-matched healthy subjects (n = 14). An equal volume of 0.2% trifluoroacetic acid was added to each sample immediately after collection and the supernatants were analysed by liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray-ionisation mass spectrometry. Proteins and peptides were quantified using a label-free approach measuring the extracted ion current peak areas of the main salivary proteins and peptides. RESULTS The quantitation of the main salivary proteins and peptides revealed a higher concentration of cystatin SN in resting saliva of burning mouth syndrome patients with respect to healthy controls and no other conspicuous changes. CONCLUSIONS The reported data showed that the salivary protein profile was not affected, in composition and relative abundance, by the burning mouth syndrome, except for the cystatin SN, a protein up-regulated in several pathological conditions, that might be considered potentially indicative of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiziana Cabras
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Biomedical Section, University of Cagliari, 09042, Monserrato, CA, Italy.
| | - Barbara Manconi
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Biomedical Section, University of Cagliari, 09042, Monserrato, CA, Italy
| | - Massimo Castagnola
- Institute of Chemistry of the Molecular Recognition - CNR, L.go F. Vito 1, 00168, Rome, Italy; Institute of Biochemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore and/or Department of Laboratory Diagnostic and Infectious Diseases, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli-IRCCS, L.go F. Vito 1, 00168, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Sanna
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Biomedical Section, University of Cagliari, 09042, Monserrato, CA, Italy
| | - Morena Arba
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Biomedical Section, University of Cagliari, 09042, Monserrato, CA, Italy
| | - Shikha Acharya
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Odontology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Box 431, SE-405 30 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Jörgen Ekström
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Box 431, SE-405 30 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Anette Carlén
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Odontology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Box 431, SE-405 30 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Irene Messana
- Institute of Chemistry of the Molecular Recognition - CNR, L.go F. Vito 1, 00168, Rome, Italy
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12
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Manconi B, Liori B, Cabras T, Vincenzoni F, Iavarone F, Castagnola M, Messana I, Olianas A. Salivary Cystatins: Exploring New Post-Translational Modifications and Polymorphisms by Top-Down High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry. J Proteome Res 2018; 16:4196-4207. [PMID: 29019242 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.7b00567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Cystatins are a complex family of cysteine peptidase inhibitors. In the present study, various proteoforms of cystatin A, cystatin B, cystatin S, cystatin SN, and cystatin SA were detected in the acid-soluble fraction of human saliva and characterized by a top-down HPLC-ESI-MS approach. Proteoforms of cystatin D were also detected and characterized by an integrated top-down and bottom-up strategy. The proteoforms derive from coding sequence polymorphisms and post-translational modifications, in particular, phosphorylation, N-terminal processing, and oxidation. This study increases the current knowledge of salivary cystatin proteoforms and provides the basis to evaluate possible qualitative/quantitative variations of these proteoforms in different pathological states and reveal new potential salivary biomarkers of disease. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD007170.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Manconi
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Biomedical Section, University of Cagliari , Monserrato Campus, 09042 Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Barbara Liori
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Biomedical Section, University of Cagliari , Monserrato Campus, 09042 Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Tiziana Cabras
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Biomedical Section, University of Cagliari , Monserrato Campus, 09042 Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Federica Vincenzoni
- Biochemistry and Clinical Biochemistry Institute, Medicine Faculty, Catholic University of Rome , L.go F. Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Iavarone
- Biochemistry and Clinical Biochemistry Institute, Medicine Faculty, Catholic University of Rome , L.go F. Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Castagnola
- Biochemistry and Clinical Biochemistry Institute, Medicine Faculty, Catholic University of Rome , L.go F. Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy.,Institute of Chemistry of the Molecular Recognition CNR , L.go F. Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Irene Messana
- Biochemistry and Clinical Biochemistry Institute, Medicine Faculty, Catholic University of Rome , L.go F. Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy.,Institute of Chemistry of the Molecular Recognition CNR , L.go F. Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Olianas
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Biomedical Section, University of Cagliari , Monserrato Campus, 09042 Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
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13
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Castagnola M, Scarano E, Passali GC, Messana I, Cabras T, Iavarone F, Di Cintio G, Fiorita A, De Corso E, Paludetti G. Salivary biomarkers and proteomics: future diagnostic and clinical utilities. ACTA OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGICA ITALICA 2018; 37:94-101. [PMID: 28516971 PMCID: PMC5463528 DOI: 10.14639/0392-100x-1598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Saliva testing is a non-invasive and inexpensive test that can serve as a source of information useful for diagnosis of disease. As we enter the era of genomic technologies and -omic research, collection of saliva has increased. Recent proteomic platforms have analysed the human salivary proteome and characterised about 3000 differentially expressed proteins and peptides: in saliva, more than 90% of proteins in weight are derived from the secretion of three couples of "major" glands; all the other components are derived from minor glands, gingival crevicular fluid, mucosal exudates and oral microflora. The most common aim of proteomic analysis is to discriminate between physiological and pathological conditions. A proteomic protocol to analyze the whole saliva proteome is not currently available. It is possible distinguish two type of proteomic platforms: top-down proteomics investigates intact naturally-occurring structure of a protein under examination; bottom-up proteomics analyses peptide fragments after pre-digestion (typically with trypsin). Because of this heterogeneity, many different biomarkers may be proposed for the same pathology. The salivary proteome has been characterised in several diseases: oral squamous cell carcinoma and oral leukoplakia, chronic graft-versus-host disease Sjögren's syndrome and other autoimmune disorders such as SAPHO, schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, and genetic diseases like Down's Syndrome and Wilson disease. The results of research reported herein suggest that in the near future human saliva will be a relevant diagnostic fluid for clinical diagnosis and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Castagnola
- Institute of Biochemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, Catholic University, Rome, Istituto di Chimica del Riconoscimento Molecolare C.N.R. Rome, Italy
| | - E Scarano
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, "A. Gemelli" Hospital Foundation, Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| | - G C Passali
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, "A. Gemelli" Hospital Foundation, Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| | - I Messana
- Life and Enviromental Sciences Department, University of Cagliari, and Istituto di Chimica del Riconoscimento Molecolare C.N.R. Rome, Italy
| | - T Cabras
- Life and Enviromental Sciences Department, University of Cagliari, Italy
| | - F Iavarone
- Institute of Biochemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| | - G Di Cintio
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, "A. Gemelli" Hospital Foundation, Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| | - A Fiorita
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, "A. Gemelli" Hospital Foundation, Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| | - E De Corso
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, "A. Gemelli" Hospital Foundation, Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| | - G Paludetti
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, "A. Gemelli" Hospital Foundation, Catholic University, Rome, Italy
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14
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Top-down HPLC-ESI-MS proteomic analysis of saliva of edentulous subjects evidenced high levels of cystatin A, cystatin B and SPRR3. Arch Oral Biol 2017; 77:68-74. [PMID: 28178587 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2017.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Revised: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aims to analyze the salivary peptidome/proteome of edentulous subject with respect to dentate control subjects. DESIGN Unstimulated whole saliva, collected from 11 edentulous subjects (age 60-76 years) and 11 dentate age-matched control subjects, was immediately treated with 0.2% aqueous trifluoroacetic acid and the acidic soluble fraction analyzed by High Performace Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. The relative abundance of the salivary peptides/proteins was determined by measuring the area of the High Performace Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry eXtracted Ion Current peaks which is linearly proportional to peptide/protein concentration under identical experimental conditions. Levels of salivary peptides/proteins in the two groups were compared by the nonparametric Mann-Whitney test to evidence statistically significant differences. RESULTS Levels of cystatin A, S-glutathionylated, S-cystenylated, S-S dimer derivatives of cystatin B and S-glutathionylated derivative of SPRR3, were found significantly higher in edentulous subjects with respect to dentate controls. The major peptides and proteins typically deriving from salivary glands did not show any statistically significant differences. CONCLUSIONS Cystatin A, S-glutathionylated, S-cystenylated, S-S dimer derivatives of cystatin B and S-glutathionylated derivative of SPRR3, which are mainly of intracellular origin and represent the major constituents of the cornified cell envelope are a clue of inflammation of mucosal epithelia.
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15
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Morzel M, Neyraud E, Brignot H, Ducoroy P, Jeannin A, Lucchi G, Truntzer C, Canlet C, Tremblay-Franco M, Hirtz C, Gaillard S, Peretti N, Feron G. Multi-omics profiling reveals that eating difficulties developed consecutively to artificial nutrition in the neonatal period are associated to specific saliva composition. J Proteomics 2015; 128:105-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2015.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Revised: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 07/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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16
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Baez NOD, Reisz JA, Furdui CM. Mass spectrometry in studies of protein thiol chemistry and signaling: opportunities and caveats. Free Radic Biol Med 2015; 80:191-211. [PMID: 25261734 PMCID: PMC4355329 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2014.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2014] [Revised: 09/08/2014] [Accepted: 09/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mass spectrometry (MS) has become a powerful and widely utilized tool in the investigation of protein thiol chemistry, biochemistry, and biology. Very early biochemical studies of metabolic enzymes have brought to light the broad spectrum of reactivity profiles that distinguish cysteine thiols with functions in catalysis and protein stability from other cysteine residues in proteins. The development of MS methods for the analysis of proteins using electrospray ionization (ESI) or matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) coupled with the emergence of high-resolution mass analyzers has been instrumental in advancing studies of thiol modifications, both in single proteins and within the cellular context. This article reviews MS instrumentation and methods of analysis employed in investigations of thiols and their reactivity toward a range of small biomolecules. A selected number of studies are detailed to highlight the advantages brought about by the MS technologies along with the caveats associated with these analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelmi O Devarie Baez
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Julie A Reisz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Cristina M Furdui
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.
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17
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Quantitation of protein S-glutathionylation by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry: Correction for contaminating glutathione and glutathione disulfide. Anal Biochem 2015; 469:54-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2014.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2014] [Revised: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 10/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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18
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Fabrini R, Bocedi A, Camerini S, Fusetti M, Ottaviani F, Passali FM, Topazio D, Iavarone F, Francia I, Castagnola M, Ricci G. Inactivation of human salivary glutathione transferase P1-1 by hypothiocyanite: a post-translational control system in search of a role. PLoS One 2014; 9:e112797. [PMID: 25393952 PMCID: PMC4231102 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0112797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2014] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Glutathione transferases (GSTs) are a superfamily of detoxifying enzymes over-expressed in tumor tissues and tentatively proposed as biomarkers for localizing and monitoring injury of specific tissues. Only scarce and contradictory reports exist about the presence and the level of these enzymes in human saliva. This study shows that GSTP1-1 is the most abundant salivary GST isoenzyme, mainly coming from salivary glands. Surprisingly, its activity is completely obscured by the presence of a strong oxidizing agent in saliva that causes a fast and complete, but reversible, inactivation. Although salivary α-defensins are also able to inhibit the enzyme causing a peculiar half-site inactivation, a number of approaches (mass spectrometry, site directed mutagenesis, chromatographic and spectrophotometric data) indicated that hypothiocyanite is the main salivary inhibitor of GSTP1-1. Cys47 and Cys101, the most reactive sulfhydryls of GSTP1-1, are mainly involved in a redox interaction which leads to the formation of an intra-chain disulfide bridge. A reactivation procedure has been optimized and used to quantify GSTP1-1 in saliva of 30 healthy subjects with results of 42±4 mU/mg-protein. The present study represents a first indication that salivary GSTP1-1 may have a different and hitherto unknown function. In addition it fulfills the basis for future investigations finalized to check the salivary GSTP1-1 as a diagnostic biomarker for diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaele Fabrini
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessio Bocedi
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Serena Camerini
- Department of Cell Biology and Neurosciences, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Fusetti
- Department of Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Ottaviani
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco M. Passali
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Davide Topazio
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Iavarone
- Institute of Biochemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, Catholic University and/or Institute for Molecular Recognition, National Research Council, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Irene Francia
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Castagnola
- Institute of Biochemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, Catholic University and/or Institute for Molecular Recognition, National Research Council, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Giorgio Ricci
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy
- * E-mail:
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19
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Top-down analytical platforms for the characterization of the human salivary proteome. Bioanalysis 2014; 6:563-81. [PMID: 24568357 DOI: 10.4155/bio.13.349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Comprehensive analysis and characterization of the human salivary proteome is an important step towards the possible use of saliva for diagnostic and prognostic purposes. The contribution of the different sources to whole saliva, and the evaluation of individual variability and physiological modifications have been investigated by top-down proteomic approaches, disclosing the faceted and complex profile of the human salivary proteome. All this information is essential to develop saliva protein biomarkers. In this Review the major results obtained in the field by top-down platforms, and the improvements required to allow a more complete picture, will be discussed.
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20
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Characterization of salivary proteins of schizophrenic and bipolar disorder patients by top-down proteomics. J Proteomics 2014; 103:15-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2014.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2013] [Revised: 02/26/2014] [Accepted: 03/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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21
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Devic I, Shi M, Schubert MM, Lloid M, Izutsu KT, Pan C, Missaghi M, Morton TH, Mancl LA, Zhang J, Presland RB. Proteomic analysis of saliva from patients with oral chronic graft-versus-host disease. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2014; 20:1048-55. [PMID: 24704387 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2014.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2013] [Accepted: 03/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) is an immune-mediated disorder and is the major long-term complication of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). The oral mucosa, including the salivary glands, is affected in the majority of patients with cGVHD; however, at present there is only a limited understanding of disease pathobiology. In this study, we performed a quantitative proteomic analysis of saliva pooled from patients with and without oral cGVHD-cGVHD(+) and cGVHD(-), respectively-using isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification labeling, followed by tandem mass spectrometry. Among 249 salivary proteins identified by tandem mass spectrometry, 82 exhibited altered expression in the oral cGVHD(+) group compared with the cGVHD(-) group. Many of the identified proteins function in innate or acquired immunity, or are associated with tissue maintenance functions, such as proteolysis or the cytoskeleton. Using ELISA immunoassays, we further confirmed that 2 of these proteins, IL-1 receptor antagonist and cystatin B, showed decreased expression in patients with active oral cGVHD (P < .003). Receiver operating curve characteristic analysis revealed that these 2 markers were able to distinguish oral cGVHD with a sensitivity of 85% and specificity of 60%, and showed slightly better discrimination in newly diagnosed patients evaluated within 12 months of allo-HSCT (sensitivity, 92%; specificity 73%). In addition to identifying novel potential salivary cGVHD biomarkers, our study demonstrates that there is coordinated regulation of protein families involved in inflammation, antimicrobial defense, and tissue protection in oral cGVHD that also may reflect changes in salivary gland function and damage to the oral mucosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Devic
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Min Shi
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Mark M Schubert
- Department of Oral Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; Seattle Cancer Care Alliance, Seattle, Washington; Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Michele Lloid
- Department of Oral Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; Seattle Cancer Care Alliance, Seattle, Washington
| | - Kenneth T Izutsu
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Catherine Pan
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Melody Missaghi
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Thomas H Morton
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Lloyd A Mancl
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Richard B Presland
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.
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22
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Chen HJC, Lin WP, Chiu SD, Fan CH. Multistage Mass Spectrometric Analysis of Human Hemoglobin Glutathionylation: Correlation with Cigarette Smoking. Chem Res Toxicol 2014; 27:864-72. [DOI: 10.1021/tx5000359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hauh-Jyun Candy Chen
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, National Chung Cheng University, 168 University Road, Ming-Hsiung, Chia-Yi 62142, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Peng Lin
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, National Chung Cheng University, 168 University Road, Ming-Hsiung, Chia-Yi 62142, Taiwan
| | - Shei-Da Chiu
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, National Chung Cheng University, 168 University Road, Ming-Hsiung, Chia-Yi 62142, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Huang Fan
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, National Chung Cheng University, 168 University Road, Ming-Hsiung, Chia-Yi 62142, Taiwan
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23
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Ghezzi P. Protein glutathionylation in health and disease. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2013; 1830:3165-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2013.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2012] [Revised: 01/10/2013] [Accepted: 02/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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24
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Cabras T, Pisano E, Montaldo C, Giuca MR, Iavarone F, Zampino G, Castagnola M, Messana I. Significant modifications of the salivary proteome potentially associated with complications of Down syndrome revealed by top-down proteomics. Mol Cell Proteomics 2013; 12:1844-52. [PMID: 23533003 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m112.026708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
People with Down syndrome, a frequent genetic disorder in humans, have increased risk of health problems associated with this condition. One clinical feature of Down syndrome is the increased prevalence and severity of periodontal disease in comparison with the general population. Because saliva plays an important role in maintaining oral health, in the present study the salivary proteome of Down syndrome subjects was investigated to explore modifications with respect to healthy subjects. Whole saliva of 36 Down syndrome subjects, divided in the age groups 10-17 yr and 18-50 yr, was analyzed by a top-down proteomic approach, based on the high performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-MS analysis of the intact proteins and peptides, and the qualitative and quantitative profiles were compared with sex- and age-matched control groups. The results showed the following interesting features: 1) as opposed to controls, in Down syndrome subjects the concentration of the major salivary proteins of gland origin did not increase with age; as a consequence concentration of acidic proline rich proteins and S cystatins were found significantly reduced in older Down syndrome subjects with respect to matched controls; 2) levels of the antimicrobial α-defensins 1 and 2 and histatins 3 and 5 were significantly increased in whole saliva of older Down syndrome subjects with respect to controls; 3) S100A7, S100A8, and S100A12 levels were significantly increased in whole saliva of Down syndrome subjects in comparison with controls. The increased level of S100A7 and S100A12 may be of particular interest as a biomarker of early onset Alzheimer's disease, which is frequently associated with Down syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiziana Cabras
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università di Cagliari, Monserrato (CA), Italy.
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25
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Castagnola M, Cabras T, Iavarone F, Vincenzoni F, Vitali A, Pisano E, Nemolato S, Scarano E, Fiorita A, Vento G, Tirone C, Romagnoli C, Cordaro M, Paludetti G, Faa G, Messana I. Top-down platform for deciphering the human salivary proteome. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2013; 25:27-43. [PMID: 23025766 DOI: 10.3109/14767058.2012.714647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Proteomic platforms can be classified in bottom-up strategies, which analyze the sample after proteolytic digestion, and top-down strategies, which analyze the intact naturally occurring proteome. Bottom-up platforms are high-throughput because they can investigate a large number of proteins, regardless of their dimension. Nonetheless, information on post-translational modifications (PTMs) can be lost, especially those regarding naturally occurring cleavages and alternative splicing. Top-down platforms cannot cover vast proteomes, however, they can disclose subtle structural variations occurring during protein maturation and allow label-free relative quantifications in an unlimited number of samples. A repertoire of 256 masses belonging to naturally occurring proteins and peptides consistently detected by RP-HPLC-ESI-MS analysis of the acidic soluble fraction of human whole saliva is presented in this study. Of them, 233 have been identified, while 23 are still pending for the definitive characterization. The present review reports average and mono-isotopic masses of the peptides and proteins detected, RP-HPLC elution times, PTMs, origin and quali-quantitative variations observed in several physiological and pathological conditions. The information reported can be a reference for users of top-down RP-HPLC-ESI-MS proteomic platforms applied to the study of the human salivary proteome as well as of other human bodily fluids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Castagnola
- Istituto di Biochimica e Biochimica Clinica, Facoltà di Medicina, Università Cattolica, Largo Francesco Vito 1, Rome, Italy.
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26
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Iavarone F, Cabras T, Pisano E, Sanna MT, Nemolato S, Vento G, Tirone C, Romagnoli C, Cordaro M, Fanos V, Faa G, Messana I, Castagnola M. Top-down HPLC-ESI-MS detection of S-glutathionylated and S-cysteinylated derivatives of cystatin B and its 1-53 and 54-98 fragments in whole saliva of human preterm newborns. J Proteome Res 2013; 12:917-26. [PMID: 23278499 DOI: 10.1021/pr300960f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Analysis by a HPLC-ESI-MS top-down proteomic platform of specimens of human preterm newborn whole saliva evidenced high relative amounts of cystatin B and its S-glutathionylated,S-cysteinylated, and S-S 2-mer (on Cys(3)) derivatives, decreasing as a function of postconceptional age (PCA). The percentage of S-unmodified cystatin B was higher than the S-modified isoforms in the early PCA period, differently from adults where cystatin B was detectable only as S-modified derivatives. The percentage of S-modified derivatives increased as a function of PCA, reaching at the normal term of delivery values similar to those determined in at-term newborns, babies, and adults. Moreover, in the early PCA period, high relative amounts of the 1-53 and 54-98 cystatin B fragments were detected, decreasing as a function of PCA and disappearing at the normal term of delivery. In agreement with intact cystatin B, fragment 1-53 was detectable as S-unmodified and S-modified derivatives, and their percentages changed accordingly with the percentages of intact proteins, suggesting that the fragmentation process could be subsequent to and independent from the S-modification of the protein. This study highlights specific enzymatic activity in the oral cavity of preterm newborns not present in at-term newborns and adults, which can be a clue to specialized pathways occurring during fetal oral development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Iavarone
- Istituto di Biochimica e di Biochimica Clinica, Università Cattolica and/or Istituto per la Chimica del Riconoscimento Molecolare, CNR, Istituto Scientifico Internazionale (ISI) Paolo VI, Roma, Italy
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27
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Amado FML, Ferreira RP, Vitorino R. One decade of salivary proteomics: current approaches and outstanding challenges. Clin Biochem 2012; 46:506-17. [PMID: 23103441 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2012.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2012] [Revised: 10/13/2012] [Accepted: 10/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Efforts have been made in the last decade towards the complete characterization of saliva proteome using gel-based and gel-free approaches. The combination of these strategies resulted in the increment of the dynamic range of saliva proteome, which yield in the identification of more than 3,000 different protein species. Comparative protein profiling using isotope labeling and label free approaches has been used for the identification of novel biomarkers for oral and related diseases. Although progresses have been made in saliva proteome characterization, the comparative profiling in different pathophysiological conditions is still at the beginning if compared to other bodily fluids. The potential biomarkers identified so far lack specificity once common differentially expressed proteins were detected in the saliva of patients with distinct diseases. In addition, recent research works focused on saliva peptidome profiling already allowed a better understanding of peptides' physiological role in oral cavity. This review provides an overview of the major achievements in saliva proteomics giving emphasis to methodological concerns related with saliva collection, treatment and analysis, as well as the main advantages and pitfalls underlying salivary proteomic strategies and potential clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco M L Amado
- QOPNA, Mass Spectrometry Center, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.
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28
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Reis ES, Chen H, Sfyroera G, Monk PN, Köhl J, Ricklin D, Lambris JD. C5a receptor-dependent cell activation by physiological concentrations of desarginated C5a: insights from a novel label-free cellular assay. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2012; 189:4797-805. [PMID: 23041570 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1200834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The complement anaphylatoxins C3a, C5a, and desarginated C5a (C5a(desArg)) play critical roles in the induction of inflammation and the modulation of innate and acquired immune responses after binding to their G protein-coupled receptors, C3a receptor and C5a receptor (C5aR). The role of C5a(desArg) in inducing cell activation has been often neglected, because the affinity of C5a(desArg) for C5aR has been reported to be much lower than that of C5a. We have used a novel label-free cellular assay to reassess the potential of C5a(desArg) to induce activation of transfected and primary immune cells. Our results indicate that physiological levels of C5a(desArg) induce significant levels of cell activation that are even higher than those achieved by stimulating cells with analogous concentrations of C5a. Such activation was strictly dependent on C5aR, because it was completely abrogated by PMX-53, a C5aR antagonist. Pharmacological inhibition of specific G proteins located downstream of C5aR indicated differential involvement of G(α) proteins upon C5aR engagement by C5a or C5a(desArg). Further, mass spectrometric characterization of plasma-derived C5a and C5a(desArg) provided important insight into the posttranslational modification pattern of these anaphylatoxins, which includes glycosylation at Asn(64) and partial cysteinylation at Cys(27). Although the context-specific physiological contribution of C5a(desArg) has to be further explored, our data suggest that C5a(desArg) acts as a key molecule in the triggering of local inflammation as well as the maintenance of blood surveillance and homeostatic status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edimara S Reis
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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