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Zhai B, Hu Z, Sun S, Tang Z, Wang G. Characteristics of photosynthetic rates in different vegetation types at high-altitude in mountainous regions. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 907:168071. [PMID: 37898202 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
Mountains play an important role in the carbon cycle of the terrestrial ecosystem and are one of the most sensitive ecosystems to climate change. However, our current knowledge regarding the physiological responses of alpine plants to environmental changes remains limited due to the severe climatic conditions prevailing in these high-altitude regions. Therefore, this study quantified the variations in photosynthetic rates (An) and identified their driving factors of herbaceous plants, shrubs, and trees along an elevation gradient (2200 m asl to 3200 m asl) on Mount Gongga. Elevation emerged as a significant determinant of An, with a general increase observed, albeit followed by a decline above 3000 m asl. In high-altitude regions, trees displayed more significant fluctuations in An compared to herbaceous plants and shrubs. The lower levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration (eCO2) and temperature in high-altitude regions resulted in a 16 % increase in An for herbaceous plants, 60 % increase for shrubs, and 43 % increase for trees compared to the low-altitude areas. Structural equation modeling (SEM) analyses underscored the considerable impact of environmental factors on An. Notably, photosynthetically active radiation, eCO2, and stomatal conductance were identified as positive influencers, while other factors exerted negative effects. Our results further highlighted that trees were subject to greater constraints from multiple factors compared to herbs and shrubs, aligning with the outcomes of our variance analysis. In summary, our study presents a comprehensive assessment of vegetation responses to environmental factors along elevational gradients. The significance of An in plants at high altitude to external factors suggests the potential adaptability of alpine plants, and also indicates that changes in photosynthetic physiological functions at high altitude should be paid more attention to in the study of climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biying Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, College of Water Resource and Hydropower, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610044, China
| | - Zhaoyong Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, College of Water Resource and Hydropower, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610044, China.
| | - Shouqin Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, College of Water Resource and Hydropower, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610044, China.
| | - Zishu Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, College of Water Resource and Hydropower, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610044, China
| | - Genxu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, College of Water Resource and Hydropower, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610044, China
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Jiu X, Chen H, Du T, Jia X, Liu D, Meng J, Xu X. Dormancy release of seeds of Podophyllum hexandrum Royle accompanied by changes in phytochemicals and inorganic elements. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0294673. [PMID: 37972141 PMCID: PMC10653421 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0294673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Podophyllum hexandrum Royle is an alpine medicinal plant of considerable importance, and its seed dormancy severely inhibits population renewal. Although cold stratification can break dormancy to a certain extent, the migration and accumulation of phytochemicals and inorganic elements in the seeds during dormancy release and their functions remain unclear. Changes in phytochemicals and inorganic elements in different seed parts were analyzed during dormancy. The key differential phytochemicals and inorganic elements were screened and their association with dormancy release and their roles in dormancy release were explored. The results showed that dormancy release may have occurred following the decrease in palmitic acid and linoleic acid content in the seeds and the increase in 2,3-dihydro-3,5-dihydro-6-methyl-4 (h)-pyran-4-one content in the endosperm. Meanwhile, 6-propyltridecane and hexadecane in the seed coat may enhance the water permeability of seeds to speed up germination. Mg may migrate from the seed coat to the endosperm and seed embryos, whereas Co may migrate from the seed embryo to the seed coat. Ca, Mn, Mg, and Co are involved in various physiological metabolic processes, which may facilitate the dormancy release of P. hexandrum seeds. These findings have enhanced our understanding of the mechanisms of dormancy release in P. hexandrum seeds and can serve as a reference for the development of more effective dormancy-breaking techniques for the conservation of this endangered medicinal plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xijia Jiu
- College of Pharmacy, Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Honggang Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
- Northwest Chinese and Tibetan Medicine Collaborative Innovation Center, Lanzhou, China
| | - Tao Du
- College of Pharmacy, Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
- Northwest Chinese and Tibetan Medicine Collaborative Innovation Center, Lanzhou, China
| | - XiWei Jia
- College of Pharmacy, Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Dong Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - JinJin Meng
- College of Pharmacy, Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - XiaoJuan Xu
- College of Pharmacy, Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
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Ayo-Omogie HN, Oluwajuyitan TD, Okorie EI, Ojo OO, Awosanmi ND. A study on the use of sorrel seed flour (Hibiscus sabdariffa) for improving functionality of wheat flour bread. Heliyon 2023; 9:e18142. [PMID: 37539265 PMCID: PMC10395354 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Bread presents one of the easiest opportunities as a food vehicle for delivery of nutritional and health-promoting benefits to large segments of the world population. However, its low nutritional status due to lack of balance of essential amino acids and inadequate macro- and micronutrients has necessitated recent interest in the development of high-protein hybrid breads (HPHB). Sorrel seed, an underutilized, neglected protein-rich seed holds promising nutritional and antioxidant potentials as source of good quality protein, dietary fibre and bioactive compounds. Furthermore, germination of plant seeds increases the bioavailability of these nutritional and bioactive compounds. Hence, this study has investigated the influence of germination time on nutritional, and functional properties of sorrel seed flour. Further, the amino acid profile, dietary fibre and rheological functionality of wheat-germinated defatted sorrel seed bread were assessed. The sorrel seed was germinated for 24-48 h and defatted. Thereafter, the germinated defatted sorrel seed flours were used to partially replace wheat flour using a linear replacement (w/w) of 95-80% wheat (W) and 5-20% germinated defatted sorrel seed (GS) flours to obtain W95:GS5; W90:GS10, W85:GS15 and W80:GS20. These composite flours and 100% wheat flour (control) were used to produce breads using standard recipe and methods. Results showed significant increase (P < 0.05) in crude protein, dietary fibre and mineral contents after 24 and 48 h germination of sorrel seed. While 24 h germination significantly (P < 0.05) increased WAC from 93.75% to 103.13%, further germination (48 h) caused a reduction of 26.67% (from 93.75 to 68.75%). In vitro protein digestibility of wheat flour decreased significantly (P < 0.05) as supplementation of germinated defatted sorrel seed flour increased. Supplementation of wheat flour with germinated defatted sorrel seed flour in bread production resulted in 51.84-121.42% significant (p < 0.05) increase in the protein content of wheat bread. Similarly, total essential amino acids, dietary fibre, mineral, and ash contents followed the same increasing trend. The in-vivo biological value which ranged from 82.10 to 89.40% was significantly higher (p < 0.05) than 58.30% obtained for the control (100% wheat bread) Thus, inclusion of germinated defatted sorrel seed flour in bread production may serve as a low-cost nutritional supplement for enhancing the nutritional profile and functional benefits of wheat bread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Nwakego Ayo-Omogie
- Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Agriculture and Agricultural Technology, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
| | - Timilehin David Oluwajuyitan
- Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Agriculture and Agricultural Technology, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg 2N2 R3T, Canada
| | - Emem Imeobong Okorie
- Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Agriculture and Agricultural Technology, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
| | - Odunayo Opeyemi Ojo
- Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Agriculture and Agricultural Technology, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
| | - Naomi Damilare Awosanmi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Agriculture and Agricultural Technology, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
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Kathuria D, Hamid, Chavan P, Jaiswal AK, Thaku A, Dhiman AK. A Comprehensive Review on Sprouted Seeds Bioactives, the Impact of Novel Processing Techniques and Health Benefits. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2023.2169453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Deepika Kathuria
- Dairy Chemistry Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India
| | - Hamid
- Food Technology and Nutrition, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, India
| | - Prasad Chavan
- Food Technology and Nutrition, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, India
| | - Amit K. Jaiswal
- School of Food Science and Environmental Health, Technological University Dublin-City Campus, Dublin, Ireland
- Environmental Sustainability and Health Institute (ESHI), Technological University Dublin-City Campus, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Abhimanyu Thaku
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Dr YS Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Solan, India
| | - Anju K. Dhiman
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Dr YS Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Solan, India
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Li H, Teng K, Yue Y, Teng W, Zhang H, Wen H, Wu J, Fan X. Seed Germination Mechanism of Carex rigescens Under Variable Temperature Determinded Using Integrated Single-Molecule Long-Read and Illumina Sequence Analysis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:818458. [PMID: 35310626 PMCID: PMC8928477 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.818458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The turfgrass species Carex rigescens has broad development and utilization prospects in landscaping construction. However, seed dormancy and a low germination rate have inhibited its application. Furthermore, the molecular mechanisms of seed germination in C. rigescens have not been thoroughly studied. Therefore, in the present study, PacBio full-length transcriptome sequencing combined with Illumina sequencing was employed to elucidate the germination mechanism of C. rigescens seeds under variable temperatures. In general, 156,750 full-length non-chimeric sequences, including those for 62,086 high-quality transcripts, were obtained using single-molecule long read sequencing. In total, 40,810 high-quality non-redundant, 1,675 alternative splicing, 28,393 putative coding sequences, and 1,052 long non-coding RNAs were generated. Based on the newly constructed full-length reference transcriptome, 23,147 differentially expressed genes were identified. We screened four hub genes participating in seed germination using weighted gene co-expression network analysis. Combining these results with the physiological observations, the important roles of sucrose and starch metabolic pathways in germination are further discussed. In conclusion, we report the first full-length transcriptome of C. rigescens, and investigated the physiological and transcriptional mechanisms of seed germination under variable temperatures. Our results provide valuable information for future transcriptional analyses and gene function studies of C. rigescens.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Juying Wu
- Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xifeng Fan
- Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
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6
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Kumari A, Dogra V, Joshi R, Kumar S. Stress-Responsive cis-Regulatory Elements Underline Podophyllotoxin Biosynthesis and Better Performance of Sinopodophyllum hexandrum Under Water Deficit Conditions. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 12:751846. [PMID: 35058943 PMCID: PMC8764236 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.751846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Sinopodophyllum hexandrum is an endangered medicinal herb known for its bioactive lignan podophyllotoxin (PTOX), which is used for the preparation of anticancer drugs. In its natural habitat, S. hexandrum is exposed to a multitude of adversities, such as fluctuating temperatures, water deficit, and high UV radiations. Transcriptional regulation of genes, which is regulated by the condition-specific binding of transcriptional factors to precise motifs in the promoter region, underlines responses to an environmental cue. Therefore, analysis of promoter sequences could ascertain the spatio-temporal expression of genes and overall stress responses. Unavailability of genomic information does not permit such analysis in S. hexandrum, especially on regulation of PTOX pathway. Accordingly, this study describes isolation and in silico analysis of 5'-upstream regions of ShPLR (PINORESINOL-LARICIRESINOL REDUCTASE) and ShSLD (SECOISOLARICIRESINOL DEHYDROGENASE), the two key genes of the PTOX biosynthetic pathway. Data showed a range of motifs related to basal transcription, stress-responsive elements, such as those for drought, low temperature, and light, suggesting that the expression of these genes and resulting PTOX accumulation would be affected by, at least, these environmental cues. While the impact of temperature and light on PTOX accumulation is well studied, the effect of water deficit on the physiology of S. hexandrum and PTOX accumulation remains obscure. Given the presence of drought-responsive elements in the promoters of the key genes, the impact of water deficit on growth and development and PTOX accumulation was studied. The results showed decline in relative water content and net photosynthetic rate, and increase in relative electrolyte leakage with stress progression. Plants under stress exhibited a reduction in transpiration rate and chlorophyll content, with a gradual increase in osmoprotectant content. Besides, stressed plants showed an increase in the expression of genes involved in the phenylpropanoid pathway and PTOX biosynthesis, and an increase in PTOX accumulation. Upon re-watering, non-irrigated plants showed a significant improvement in biochemical and physiological parameters. Summarily, our results demonstrated the importance of osmoprotectants during water deficit and the revival capacity of the species from water deficit, wherein PTOX synthesis was also modulated. Moreover, isolated promoter sequences could be employed in genetic transformation to mediate the expression of stress-induced genes in other plant systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Kumari
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Vivek Dogra
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Rohit Joshi
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Sanjay Kumar
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
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7
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Ramesh B, Kavitha G, Gokiladevi S, Balachandar RK, Kavitha K, Gengadharan AC, Puvanakrishnan R. Effect of Extremely Low Power Time-Varying Electromagnetic Field on Germination and Other Characteristics in Foxtail Millet (Setaria italica) Seeds. Bioelectromagnetics 2020; 41:526-539. [PMID: 32865253 DOI: 10.1002/bem.22292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The ability of extremely low, time-varying electromagnetic field (EMF) to improve germination efficacy was studied in Foxtail millet (Setaria italica) seeds using response surface methodology. An optimal factorial central composite design was chosen to optimize the EMF with three critical factors, viz. frequency, intensity, and duration. The adequacy of the model and fitness was evaluated by analysis of variance and regression coefficients. This model suggested that the factors, frequency, and intensity had a significant impact on germination. Optimal conditions for germination were observed to be 10 Hz frequency, 30,007 nT intensity, and 30-min duration with an observed germination percentage of 93.0, and a predicted germination percentage of 92.92. Magneto-priming was found to increase the germination efficacy (15.66%), shoot length (27.78%), total seedling length (20.30%), seedling dry mass (26.49%), and water uptake (34.48% at 80 min) showing significant output when compared with the control and positive controls. Remarkable improvements were observed in germination parameters such as vigor index-1 (39.14%), vigor index-2 (46.28%), speed of germination (27.52%), and emergence index (12.50%). Magneto-priming was found to reduce the levels of germination-specific enzymes, viz. α-amylase, protease, and dehydrogenase, while it enhanced the levels of antioxidant enzymes, viz. catalase (114.63%) and superoxide dismutase (19.62%), triggering fast germination and early vigor of seedlings. This study clearly showed that EMF priming significantly improved the germination effect and other characteristics of Foxtail millet seeds. Bioelectromagnetics. © 2020 Bioelectromagnetics Society.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Govindababu Kavitha
- Department of Biotechnology, Sri Sankara Arts and Science College, Kanchipuram, India
| | | | | | - Kuppuswamy Kavitha
- Department of Microbiology, Sri Sankara Arts and Science College, Kanchipuram, India
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8
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Idowu AT, Olatunde OO, Adekoya AE, Idowu S. Germination: an alternative source to promote phytonutrients in edible seeds. FOOD QUALITY AND SAFETY 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/fqsafe/fyz043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Consumption of less phytonutrient foods has shown to cause different chronic diseases, despite over 50,000 edible plant breed available in various countries around the globe. These edible plants consist of seeds that can be consumed which possessed high health benefits. Moreover, nutritive values such as phytochemicals of edible seeds increased after germination. Therefore, germination has been reported to enhance various bioactive compounds such as γ-amino butyric acid, polyphenols, and vitamins which lead to greater bioactivity such as anti-diabetic, anti-bacteria, and anti-cancer effects when these seeds are consumed. Consequently, germination can be regarded as a cheap and effective way to enhance the nutritional value of edible seeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Temitope Idowu
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Prince of Songkhla University, Hatyai, Songkhla Province, Thailand
| | - Oladipupo Odunayo Olatunde
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Prince of Songkhla University, Hatyai, Songkhla Province, Thailand
| | - Ademola Ezekiel Adekoya
- Department of Thai Traditional Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla Province, Thailand
| | - Solomon Idowu
- Department of Community Health and Primary Healthcare, College of Medicine of the University of Lagos, Lagos state, Nigeria
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Romero-Rodríguez MC, Jorrín-Novo JV, Castillejo MA. Toward characterizing germination and early growth in the non-orthodox forest tree species Quercus ilex through complementary gel and gel-free proteomic analysis of embryo and seedlings. J Proteomics 2018; 197:60-70. [PMID: 30408563 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2018.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
By using two complementary proteomics, gel-based and gel-free (shotgun) approaches, the protein profiles of the non-orthodox forest tree species Quercus ilex seeds during germination and early seedling growth have been compared. Proteins were extracted from embryo axis, radicle and shoot tissues at different developmental stages. Proteins were subjected to one- and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. A multivariate analysis (PCA) revealed that SDS-PAGE clearly separated germination (0-24 h post-imbibition), postgermination (72-216 h post-imbibition) and early seedling growth stages (2 weeks post-imbibition). Image analysis of the two-dimensional gels revealed a total of 732 spots, 103 of which were significantly variable among developmental stages. After MALDI-TOF/TOF MS analysis, 90 spots were identified, belonging to six main functional categories: carbohydrate, amino acids, energy, and protein metabolism, biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, and redox processes. The gel-based approach disclosed important metabolic changes that occurred in the holm oak seed after the germination. However, few proteins were significantly altered during the germination period (from 0 h to 24 h post imbibition) and, because of that, a further shotgun analysis was therefore used to analyse changes in the protein profile during seed germination. Up to 1250 proteins could be confidently identified, with 153 being variable. They belonged to the main functional categories of carbohydrate, amino acids and secondary metabolism, protein degradation, and responses to abiotic stress. The accumulation of proteases and amino acids metabolism proteins in mature seeds can be reflecting the production of energy from the mobilization of storage proteins to start germination. These results, therefore, corroborate the hypothesis that the mature non-orthodox seeds of Q. ilex have all the machinery necessary for rapidly resuming metabolic activities and starting the germination process, in contrast to that occurs in orthodox seeds, which metabolic activity ceases in mature dry seeds. The use of a genus-specific database combined with the public Viridiplantae database improved the quality and quantity of protein identification in this orphan species. In addition, both proteomics approaches (gel-based and shotgun) were complementary, with shotgun increasing by over two-fold the coverage of the proteome analysed. Both approaches provided similar results and supported the same conclusions on the metabolic switch experienced by the seed upon germination. SIGNIFICANCE: The optimal seed germination is a prerequisite for successful seedling establishment and plant vigour, being of great relevance in the case of crops and commercial woody plants. By using a complementary gel-based and gel-free proteomic strategy we have study the protein profiles of the non-orthodox forest tree species Quercus ilex seeds during germination and early seedling growth. The contribution of this work is of great importance, due to the complemented proteomic approaches giving similar clues to the metabolic state of the mature Q. ilex seed before the germination starts, and the metabolic switch experienced by the imbibed acorn until the seedling is established.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Cristina Romero-Rodríguez
- Agroforestry and Plant Biochemistry, Proteomics, and Systems Biology Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology- ETSIAM, University of Cordoba, UCO-CeiA3, Spain; Centro Multidisciplinario de Investigaciones Tecnológicas, Dirección General de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica, Universidad Nacional de Asunción, Paraguay; Departamento de Química Biológica, Dirección de Investigaciones, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Asunción, Paraguay.
| | - Jesús V Jorrín-Novo
- Agroforestry and Plant Biochemistry, Proteomics, and Systems Biology Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology- ETSIAM, University of Cordoba, UCO-CeiA3, Spain
| | - María Angeles Castillejo
- Agroforestry and Plant Biochemistry, Proteomics, and Systems Biology Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology- ETSIAM, University of Cordoba, UCO-CeiA3, Spain.
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Ren XX, Xue JQ, Wang SL, Xue YQ, Zhang P, Jiang HD, Zhang XX. Proteomic analysis of tree peony (Paeonia ostii 'Feng Dan') seed germination affected by low temperature. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 224-225:56-67. [PMID: 29597068 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2017.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Revised: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Seed germination is a critical process that is influenced by various factors. In the present study, the effect of low temperature (4 °C) on tree peony seed germination was investigated. Compared to seeds maintained at 25 °C, germination was inhibited when seeds were kept at 4 °C. Furthermore, low-temperature exposure of seeds resulted in a delay in water uptake, starch degradation, and soluble sugar consumption and a subsequent increase in soluble protein levels. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) proteomic analysis identified 100 protein spots. Comparative analysis indicated that low-temperature exposure apparently mainly affected glycolysis and the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, while also significantly affecting proteometabolism-related factors. Moreover, low-temperature exposure led to the induction of abscisic acid, whereas the gibberellin pathway was not affected. Further comparison of the two temperature conditions showed that low-temperature exposure delays carbohydrate metabolism, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production, respiration, and proteolysis and increases defense response factors. To further examine the obtained proteomic findings, four genes were evaluated by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). The obtained transcriptional results for the GAPC gene coincided with the translational results, thus further suggesting that the delay in glycolysis may play a key role in low-temperature-induced inhibition of seed germination. However, the other three genes examined, which included FPP synthase, PCNT115, and endochitinase, showed non-correlative transcriptional and translational profiles. Our results suggest that the exposure of tree peony seeds to low temperature results in a delay in the degradation of starch and other metabolites, which in turn affects glycolysis and some other processes, thereby ultimately inhibiting seed germination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Xia Ren
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jing-Qi Xue
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shun-Li Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yu-Qian Xue
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hai-Dong Jiang
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Xiu-Xin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.
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11
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Singh V, Singh B, Joshi R, Jaju P, Pati PK. Changes in the leaf proteome profile of Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal in response to Alternaria alternata infection. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0178924. [PMID: 28575108 PMCID: PMC5456394 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0178924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Withania somnifera is a high value medicinal plant which is used against large number of ailments. The medicinal properties of the plant attributes to a wide array of important secondary metabolites. The plant is predominantly infected with leaf spot pathogen Alternaria alternata, which leads to substantial biodeterioration of pharmaceutically important metabolites. To develop an effective strategy to combat this disease, proteomics based approach could be useful. Hence, in the present study, three different protein extraction methods tris-buffer based, phenol based and trichloroacetic acid-acetone (TCA-acetone) based method were comparatively evaluated for two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) analysis of W. somnifera. TCA-acetone method was found to be most effective and was further used to identify differentially expressed proteins in response to fungal infection. Thirty-eight differentially expressed proteins were identified by matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight-mass spectrometry (MALDI TOF/TOF MS/MS). The known proteins were categorized into eight different groups based on their function and maximum proteins belonged to energy and metabolism, cell structure, stress and defense and RNA/DNA categories. Differential expression of some key proteins were also crosschecked at transcriptomic level by using qRT-PCR and were found to be consistent with the 2-DE data. These outcomes enable us to evaluate modifications that take place at the proteomic level during a compatible host pathogen interaction. The comparative proteome analysis conducted in this paper revealed the involvement of many key proteins in the process of pathogenesis and further investigation of these identified proteins could assist in the discovery of new strategies for the development of pathogen resistance in the plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varinder Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Baldev Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Robin Joshi
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Puneet Jaju
- Field Application Specialist - Life Science Group, Bio-rad Laboratories (India) Pvt. Ltd, Bangalore, India
| | - Pratap Kumar Pati
- Department of Biotechnology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
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12
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Antioxidant activity, total phenolic, and resveratrol content in five cultivars of peanut sprouts. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apjtb.2017.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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13
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Dogra V, Sharma R, Yelam S. Xyloglucan endo-transglycosylase/hydrolase (XET/H) gene is expressed during the seed germination in Podophyllum hexandrum: a high altitude Himalayan plant. PLANTA 2016; 244:505-515. [PMID: 27097640 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-016-2520-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Xyloglucan endo-transglycosylase/hydrolase ( Ph XET/H) regulates Podophyllum seed germination via GA mediated up-accumulation of Ph XET protein and subsequent endosperm weakening. Xyloglucan endo-transglycosylase/hydrolase (XET/H) belong to glycosyl hydrolase family 16, which play an important role in endosperm weakening and embryonic expansion during seed germination. Podophyllum hexandrum is a high altitude medicinal plant exploited for its etoposides which are potential anticancer compounds. During seed germination in Podophyllum, accumulation of XET/H transcripts was recorded. This data confirmed its possible role in determining the fate of seed for germination. Full length cDNA of a membrane bound XET/H (here onwards PhXET) was cloned from the germinating seeds of Podophyllum. Analysis of nucleotide sequence revealed PhXET with an open reading frame of 720 bp encoding a protein of 239 amino acids with a molecular mass of 28 kDa and pI of 7.58. In silico structure prediction of PhXET showed homology with that of Populus tremula (1UN1). PhXET was predicted to have a potential GPI-anchor domain and was located in plasma membrane. It was found that the exogenously applied phytohormones (GA and ABA) regulate the expression of PhXET. The obtained data showed that the PhXET regulates seed germination in Podophyllum by supplementing its activity along with other endosperm weakening and embryo expansion genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Dogra
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, 176061, India
- Laboratory of Photosynthesis and Stress Signaling, Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruchika Sharma
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, 176061, India
| | - Sreenivasulu Yelam
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, 176061, India.
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14
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Singlet oxygen- and EXECUTER1-mediated signaling is initiated in grana margins and depends on the protease FtsH2. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:E3792-800. [PMID: 27303039 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1603562113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Formation of singlet oxygen ((1)O2) has been implicated with damaging photosystem II (PSII) that needs to undergo continuous repair to maintain photosynthetic electron transport. In addition to its damaging effect, (1)O2 has also been shown to act as a signal that triggers stress acclimation and an enhanced stress resistance. A signaling role of (1)O2 was first documented in the fluorescent (flu) mutant of Arabidopsis It strictly depends on the chloroplast protein EXECUTER1 (EX1) and happens under nonphotoinhibitory light conditions. Under severe light stress, signaling is initiated independently of EX1 by (1)O2 that is thought to be generated at the acceptor side of active PSII within the core of grana stacks. The results of the present study suggest a second source of (1)O2 formation in grana margins close to the site of chlorophyll synthesis where EX1 is localized and the disassembly of damaged and reassembly of active PSII take place. The initiation of (1)O2 signaling in grana margins depends on EX1 and the ATP-dependent zinc metalloprotease FtsH. As FtsH cleaves also the D1 protein during the disassembly of damaged PSII, EX1- and (1)O2-mediated signaling seems to be not only spatially but also functionally associated with the repair of PSII.
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15
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Lu XJ, Zhang XL, Mei M, Liu GL, Ma BB. Proteomic analysis of Magnolia sieboldii K. Koch seed germination. J Proteomics 2016; 133:76-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2015.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Revised: 11/26/2015] [Accepted: 12/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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16
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Narula K, Pandey A, Gayali S, Chakraborty N, Chakraborty S. Birth of plant proteomics in India: a new horizon. J Proteomics 2015; 127:34-43. [PMID: 25920368 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2015.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Revised: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED In the post-genomic era, proteomics is acknowledged as the next frontier for biological research. Although India has a long and distinguished tradition in protein research, the initiation of proteomics studies was a new horizon. Protein research witnessed enormous progress in protein separation, high-resolution refinements, biochemical identification of the proteins, protein-protein interaction, and structure-function analysis. Plant proteomics research, in India, began its journey on investigation of the proteome profiling, complexity analysis, protein trafficking, and biochemical modeling. The research article by Bhushan et al. in 2006 marked the birth of the plant proteomics research in India. Since then plant proteomics studies expanded progressively and are now being carried out in various institutions spread across the country. The compilation presented here seeks to trace the history of development in the area during the past decade based on publications till date. In this review, we emphasize on outcomes of the field providing prospects on proteomic pathway analyses. Finally, we discuss the connotation of strategies and the potential that would provide the framework of plant proteome research. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE The past decades have seen rapidly growing number of sequenced plant genomes and associated genomic resources. To keep pace with this increasing body of data, India is in the provisional phase of proteomics research to develop a comparative hub for plant proteomes and protein families, but it requires a strong impetus from intellectuals, entrepreneurs, and government agencies. Here, we aim to provide an overview of past, present and future of Indian plant proteomics, which would serve as an evaluation platform for those seeking to incorporate proteomics into their research programs. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Proteomics in India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanika Narula
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Aarti Pandey
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Saurabh Gayali
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Niranjan Chakraborty
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India.
| | - Subhra Chakraborty
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India.
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17
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Dogra V, Sreenivasulu Y. Cloning and functional characterization of β-1, 3-glucanase gene from Podophyllum hexandrum - a high altitude Himalayan plant. Gene 2015; 554:25-31. [PMID: 25303872 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2014.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2014] [Revised: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 10/06/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Podophyllum hexandrum is a high-altitude medicinal plant exploited for its etoposides which are potential anticancer compounds. ß-1, 3-glucanase cDNA was cloned from the germinating seeds of Podophyllum (Ph-glucanase). Glucanases belong to pathogenesis related glycohydralase family of proteins, which also play an important role in endosperm weakening and testa rupture during seed germination. Analysis of cloned nucleotide sequence revealed Ph-glucanase with an open reading frame of 852bp encoding a protein of 283 amino acids with a molecular mass of 31kDa and pI of 4.39. In-silico structure prediction of Ph-glucanase showed homology with that of Hevea brasiliensis (3em5B). Structural stability and enhanced catalytic efficiency in harsh climatic conditions possibly due to the presence of glycosyl hydrolase motif (LGIVISESGWPSAG) and a connecting loop towards inner side and well exposed carbohydrate metabolism domain-COG5309, can readily hydrolyse cell wall sugar moieties. Seeds from the transgenic Arabidopsis plants over-expressing Ph-glucanase showed better germination performance against a wide range of temperatures and abscisic acid (ABA) stress. This can be attributed to the accumulation of Ph-glucanase at both transcript and protein levels during the seed germination in transgenic Arabidopsis. Results confirm that the cloned novel seed specific glucanase from a cold desert plant Podophyllum could be used for the manipulation of different plant species seeds against various harsh conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Dogra
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur 176061, HP, India
| | - Yelam Sreenivasulu
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur 176061, HP, India.
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18
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Dogra V, Bagler G, Sreenivasulu Y. Re-analysis of protein data reveals the germination pathway and up accumulation mechanism of cell wall hydrolases during the radicle protrusion step of seed germination in Podophyllum hexandrum- a high altitude plant. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:874. [PMID: 26579141 PMCID: PMC4620410 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Accepted: 10/02/2015] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Podophyllum hexandrum Royle is an important high-altitude plant of Himalayas with immense medicinal value. Earlier, it was reported that the cell wall hydrolases were up accumulated during radicle protrusion step of Podophyllum seed germination. In the present study, Podophyllum seed Germination protein interaction Network (PGN) was constructed by using the differentially accumulated protein (DAP) data set of Podophyllum during the radicle protrusion step of seed germination, with reference to Arabidopsis protein-protein interaction network (AtPIN). The developed PGN is comprised of a giant cluster with 1028 proteins having 10,519 interactions and a few small clusters with relevant gene ontological signatures. In this analysis, a germination pathway related cluster which is also central to the topology and information dynamics of PGN was obtained with a set of 60 key proteins. Among these, eight proteins which are known to be involved in signaling, metabolism, protein modification, cell wall modification, and cell cycle regulation processes were found commonly highlighted in both the proteomic and interactome analysis. The systems-level analysis of PGN identified the key proteins involved in radicle protrusion step of seed germination in Podophyllum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Dogra
- Biotechnology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource TechnologyPalampur, India
| | - Ganesh Bagler
- Centre for Biologically Inspired System Science, Indian Institute of Technology JodhpurJodhpur, India
- Ganesh Bagler
| | - Yelam Sreenivasulu
- Biotechnology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource TechnologyPalampur, India
- *Correspondence: Yelam Sreenivasulu ;
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19
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Kaur D, Dogra V, Thapa P, Bhattacharya A, Sood A, Sreenivasulu Y. In vitro flowering associated protein changes in Dendrocalamus hamiltonii. Proteomics 2014; 15:1291-306. [PMID: 25475561 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201400049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2014] [Revised: 10/24/2014] [Accepted: 11/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
In Dendrocalamus hamiltonii, conversion of vegetative meristem to a floral meristem was successfully achieved on flower induction medium. A total of 128 differentially expressed proteins were evidenced by 2DE in floral meristem protein profiles. Analysis of 103 proteins through PMF revealed change in abundance in the content of 79 proteins, disappearance and new appearance in the content of 7 and 17 proteins, respectively. MS/MS and subsequent homology search identified 65 proteins that were involved in metabolism (22 proteins), regulatory (11 proteins), signaling and transportation (12 proteins), stress (6 proteins), flowering (8 proteins), and unknown functions (6 proteins). The data suggested that change in metabolism related proteins might be providing nutrient resources for floral initiation in D. hamiltonii. Further, interactive effects of various proteins like bHLH145, B-4c transcription factors (heat stress transcription factor), maturase K, MADS box, zinc finger proteins, and scarecrow-like protein 21 (flowering related), a key enzyme of ethylene biosynthesis SAMS (S-adenosylmethionine synthase) and aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase, improved calcium signaling related proteins (CML36), and change in phytohormone related proteins such as phosphatase proteins (2c3 and 2c55), which are the positive regulators of gibberellic acid and phytochrome regulation related proteins (DASH, LWD1) might be the possible major regulators of floral transition in this bamboo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devinder Kaur
- Division of Biotechnology, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, India
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20
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Uvackova L, Ondruskova E, Danchenko M, Skultety L, Miernyk JA, Hrubík P, Hajduch M. Establishing a leaf proteome reference map for Ginkgo biloba provides insight into potential ethnobotanical uses. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:11547-11556. [PMID: 25365400 DOI: 10.1021/jf503375a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Although ginkgo (Maidenhair tree, Ginkgo biloba L.) is an ancient medicinal and ornamental tree, there has not previously been any systematic proteomic study of the leaves. Herein we describe results from the initial study identifying abundant ginkgo leaf proteins and present a gel reference map. Proteins were isolated from fully developed mature leaves in biological triplicate and analyzed by two-dimensional electrophoresis plus tandem mass spectrometry. Using this approach, we were able to reproducibly quantify 190 abundant protein spots, from which 157 proteins were identified. Most of identified proteins are associated with the energy and protein destination/storage categories. The reference map provides a basis for understanding the accumulation of flavonoids and other phenolic compounds in mature leaves (e.g., identification of chalcone synthase, the first committed enzyme in flavonoid biosynthesis). We additionally detected several proteins of as yet unknown function. These proteins comprise a pool of potential targets that might be useful in nontraditional medical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lubica Uvackova
- Department of Reproduction and Developmental Biology, Institute of Plant Genetics and Biotechnology, Slovak Academy of Sciences , 950 07 Nitra, Slovakia
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21
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Shafi A, Dogra V, Gill T, Ahuja PS, Sreenivasulu Y. Simultaneous over-expression of PaSOD and RaAPX in transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana confers cold stress tolerance through increase in vascular lignifications. PLoS One 2014; 9:e110302. [PMID: 25330211 PMCID: PMC4201527 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0110302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2014] [Accepted: 09/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Antioxidant enzymes play a significant role in eliminating toxic levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), generated during stress from living cells. In the present study, two different antioxidant enzymes namely copper-zinc superoxide dismutase derived from Potentilla astrisanguinea (PaSOD) and ascorbate peroxidase (RaAPX) from Rheum austral both of which are high altitude cold niche area plants of Himalaya were cloned and simultaneously over-expressed in Arabidopsis thaliana to alleviate cold stress. It was found that the transgenic plants over-expressing both the genes were more tolerant to cold stress than either of the single gene expressing transgenic plants during growth and development. In both single (PaSOD, RaAPX) and double (PaSOD + RaAPX) transgenic plants higher levels of total antioxidant enzyme activities, chlorophyll content, total soluble sugars, proline content and lower levels of ROS, ion leakage were recorded when compared to the WT during cold stress (4°C), besides increase in yield. In the present study, Confocal and SEM analysis in conjunction with qPCR data on the expression pattern of lignin biosynthetic pathway genes revealed that the cold stress tolerance of the transgenic plants might be because of the peroxide induced up-regulation of lignin by antioxidant genes mediated triggering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrina Shafi
- Division of Biotechnology, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR- Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Vivek Dogra
- Division of Biotechnology, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Tejpal Gill
- Division of Biotechnology, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Paramvir Singh Ahuja
- Division of Biotechnology, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR- Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Yelam Sreenivasulu
- Division of Biotechnology, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR- Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, India
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22
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Cáceres PJ, Martínez-Villaluenga C, Amigo L, Frias J. Assessment on proximate composition, dietary fiber, phytic acid and protein hydrolysis of germinated Ecuatorian brown rice. PLANT FOODS FOR HUMAN NUTRITION (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2014; 69:261-267. [PMID: 25086701 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-014-0433-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Germinated brown rice (GBR) is considered healthier than brown rice (BR) but its nutritive value has been hardly studied. Since nutritive quality of GBR depends on genetic diversity and germination conditions, six Ecuadorian BR varieties were germinated at 28 and 34 ºC for 48 and 96 h in darkness and proximate composition, dietary fiber fractions, phytic acid content as well as degree of protein hydrolysis and peptide content were studied. Protein, lipids, ash and available carbohydrate ranged 7.3-10.4%, 2.0-4.0%, 0.8-1.5% and 71.6 to 84.0%, respectively, in GBR seedlings. Total dietary fiber increased during germination (6.1-13.6%), with a large proportion of insoluble fraction, while phytic acid was reduced noticeably. In general, protein hydrolysis occurred during germination was more accused at 28 ºC for 48 h. These results suggest that GBR can be consumed directly as nutritive staple food for a large population worldwide contributing to their nutritional requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricio J Cáceres
- Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral (ESPOL), Campus Gustavo Galindo Velasco, km 30, 5 Vía Perimetral, Guayaquil, Ecuador
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Wu X, Gong F, Wang W. Protein extraction from plant tissues for 2DE and its application in proteomic analysis. Proteomics 2014; 14:645-58. [PMID: 24395710 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201300239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2013] [Revised: 12/03/2013] [Accepted: 12/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Plant tissues contain large amounts of secondary compounds that significantly interfere with protein extraction and 2DE analysis. Thus, sample preparation is a crucial step prior to 2DE in plant proteomics. This tutorial highlights the guidelines that need to be followed to perform an adequate total protein extraction before 2DE in plant proteomics. We briefly describe the history, development, and feature of major sample preparation methods for the 2DE analysis of plant tissues, that is, trichloroacetic acid/acetone precipitation and phenol extraction. We introduce the interfering compounds in plant tissues and the general guidelines for tissue disruption, protein precipitation and resolubilization. We describe in details the advantages, limitations, and application of the trichloroacetic acid/acetone precipitation and phenol extraction methods to enable the readers to select the appropriate method for a specific species, tissue, or cell type. The current applications of the sample preparation methods in plant proteomics in the literature are analyzed. A comparative proteomic analysis between male and female plants of Pistacia chinensis is used as an example to represent the sample preparation methodology in 2DE-based proteomics. Finally, the current limitations and future development of these sample preparation methods are discussed. This Tutorial is part of the International Proteomics Tutorial Programme (IPTP17).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat & Maize Crop Science in Henan Province, Synergetic Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, College of Life Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
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24
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Deswal R, Gupta R, Dogra V, Singh R, Abat JK, Sarkar A, Mishra Y, Rai V, Sreenivasulu Y, Amalraj RS, Raorane M, Chaudhary RP, Kohli A, Giri AP, Chakraborty N, Zargar SM, Agrawal VP, Agrawal GK, Job D, Renaut J, Rakwal R. Plant proteomics in India and Nepal: current status and challenges ahead. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2013; 19:461-477. [PMID: 24431515 PMCID: PMC3781272 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-013-0198-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Plant proteomics has made tremendous contributions in understanding the complex processes of plant biology. Here, its current status in India and Nepal is discussed. Gel-based proteomics is predominantly utilized on crops and non-crops to analyze majorly abiotic (49 %) and biotic (18 %) stress, development (11 %) and post-translational modifications (7 %). Rice is the most explored system (36 %) with major focus on abiotic mainly dehydration (36 %) stress. In spite of expensive proteomics setup and scarcity of trained workforce, output in form of publications is encouraging. To boost plant proteomics in India and Nepal, researchers have discussed ground level issues among themselves and with the International Plant Proteomics Organization (INPPO) to act in priority on concerns like food security. Active collaboration may help in translating this knowledge to fruitful applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renu Deswal
- />Molecular Plant Physiology and Proteomics Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Ravi Gupta
- />Molecular Plant Physiology and Proteomics Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Vivek Dogra
- />Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh India
| | - Raksha Singh
- />Department of Plant Molecular Biology, College of Life Science, Sejong University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jasmeet Kaur Abat
- />Department of Botany, Gargi College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Abhijit Sarkar
- />Department of Botany, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
- />Research Laboratory for Biotechnology and Biochemistry (RLABB), GPO Box 13265, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Yogesh Mishra
- />Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Center, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Vandana Rai
- />National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Yelam Sreenivasulu
- />Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh India
| | - Ramesh Sundar Amalraj
- />Plant Pathology Section, Sugarcane Breeding Institute, Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Manish Raorane
- />Plant Molecular Biology Laboratory, Plant Breeding, Genetics and Biotechnology, International Rice Research Institute, Manila, Philippines
| | - Ram Prasad Chaudhary
- />Central Department of Botany, and Research Centre for Applied Science and Technology, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Nepal
| | - Ajay Kohli
- />Plant Molecular Biology Laboratory, Plant Breeding, Genetics and Biotechnology, International Rice Research Institute, Manila, Philippines
| | - Ashok Prabhakar Giri
- />Plant Molecular Biology Unit, Division of Biochemical Sciences, National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, India
| | | | - Sajad Majeed Zargar
- />School of Biotechnology, SK University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Chatha, Jammu, 180009 Jammu and Kashmir India
| | | | - Ganesh Kumar Agrawal
- />Research Laboratory for Biotechnology and Biochemistry (RLABB), GPO Box 13265, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Dominique Job
- />CNRS/Bayer Crop Science (UMR 5240) Joint Laboratory, Lyon, France
| | - Jenny Renaut
- />Department of Environment and Agrobiotechnologies, Centre de Recherche Public-Gabriel Lippmann, Belvaux, GD Luxembourg
| | - Randeep Rakwal
- />Research Laboratory for Biotechnology and Biochemistry (RLABB), GPO Box 13265, Kathmandu, Nepal
- />Organization for Educational Initiatives, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577 Japan
- />Department of Anatomy I, Showa University School of Medicine, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa, Tokyo 142-8555 Japan
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