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Downes SG, Doyle S, Jones GW, Owens RA. Gliotoxin and related metabolites as zinc chelators: implications and exploitation to overcome antimicrobial resistance. Essays Biochem 2023; 67:769-780. [PMID: 36876884 PMCID: PMC10500201 DOI: 10.1042/ebc20220222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a major global problem and threat to humanity. The search for new antibiotics is directed towards targeting of novel microbial systems and enzymes, as well as augmenting the activity of pre-existing antimicrobials. Sulphur-containing metabolites (e.g., auranofin and bacterial dithiolopyrrolones [e.g., holomycin]) and Zn2+-chelating ionophores (PBT2) have emerged as important antimicrobial classes. The sulphur-containing, non-ribosomal peptide gliotoxin, biosynthesised by Aspergillus fumigatus and other fungi exhibits potent antimicrobial activity, especially in the dithiol form (dithiol gliotoxin; DTG). Specifically, it has been revealed that deletion of the enzymes gliotoxin oxidoreductase GliT, bis-thiomethyltransferase GtmA or the transporter GliA dramatically sensitise A. fumigatus to gliotoxin presence. Indeed, the double deletion strain A. fumigatus ΔgliTΔgtmA is especially sensitive to gliotoxin-mediated growth inhibition, which can be reversed by Zn2+ presence. Moreover, DTG is a Zn2+ chelator which can eject zinc from enzymes and inhibit activity. Although multiple studies have demonstrated the potent antibacterial effect of gliotoxin, no mechanistic details are available. Interestingly, reduced holomycin can inhibit metallo-β-lactamases. Since holomycin and gliotoxin can chelate Zn2+, resulting in metalloenzyme inhibition, we propose that this metal-chelating characteristic of these metabolites requires immediate investigation to identify new antibacterial drug targets or to augment the activity of existing antimicrobials. Given that (i) gliotoxin has been shown in vitro to significantly enhance vancomycin activity against Staphylococcus aureus, and (ii) that it has been independently proposed as an ideal probe to dissect the central 'Integrator' role of Zn2+ in bacteria - we contend such studies are immediately undertaken to help address AMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shane G Downes
- Department of Biology, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland
| | - Sean Doyle
- Department of Biology, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland
| | - Gary W Jones
- Centre for Biomedical Science Research, School of Health, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds LS1 3HE, U.K
| | - Rebecca A Owens
- Department of Biology, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland
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2
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Li Y, Li H, Sun T, Ding C. Pathogen-Host Interaction Repertoire at Proteome and Posttranslational Modification Levels During Fungal Infections. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:774340. [PMID: 34926320 PMCID: PMC8674643 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.774340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Prevalence of fungal diseases has increased globally in recent years, which often associated with increased immunocompromised patients, aging populations, and the novel Coronavirus pandemic. Furthermore, due to the limitation of available antifungal agents mortality and morbidity rates of invasion fungal disease remain stubbornly high, and the emergence of multidrug-resistant fungi exacerbates the problem. Fungal pathogenicity and interactions between fungi and host have been the focus of many studies, as a result, lots of pathogenic mechanisms and fungal virulence factors have been identified. Mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomics is a novel approach to better understand fungal pathogenicities and host–pathogen interactions at protein and protein posttranslational modification (PTM) levels. The approach has successfully elucidated interactions between pathogens and hosts by examining, for example, samples of fungal cells under different conditions, body fluids from infected patients, and exosomes. Many studies conclude that protein and PTM levels in both pathogens and hosts play important roles in progression of fungal diseases. This review summarizes mass spectrometry studies of protein and PTM levels from perspectives of both pathogens and hosts and provides an integrative conceptual outlook on fungal pathogenesis, antifungal agents development, and host–pathogen interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjian Li
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Hailong Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology (China Medical University), National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Tianshu Sun
- Medical Research Centre, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for Mechanisms Research and Precision Diagnosis of Invasive Fungal Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Ding
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
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3
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Moloney NM, Larkin A, Xu L, Fitzpatrick DA, Crean HL, Walshe K, Haas H, Decristoforo C, Doyle S. Generation and characterisation of a semi-synthetic siderophore-immunogen conjugate and a derivative recombinant triacetylfusarinine C-specific monoclonal antibody with fungal diagnostic application. Anal Biochem 2021; 632:114384. [PMID: 34543643 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2021.114384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) is a severe life-threatening condition. Diagnosis of fungal disease in general, and especially that caused by Aspergillus fumigatus is problematic. A. fumigatus secretes siderophores to acquire iron during infection, which are also essential for virulence. We describe the chemoacetylation of ferrated fusarinine C to diacetylated fusarinine C (DAFC), followed by protein conjugation, which facilitated triacetylfusarinine C (TAFC)-specific monoclonal antibody production with specific recognition of the ferrated form of TAFC. A single monoclonal antibody sequence was ultimately elucidated by a combinatorial strategy involving protein LC-MS/MS, cDNA sequencing and RNAseq. The resultant murine IgG2a monoclonal antibody was secreted in, and purified from, mammalian cell culture (5 mg) and demonstrated to be highly specific for TAFC detection by competitive ELISA (detection limit: 15 nM) and in a lateral flow test system (detection limit: 3 ng), using gold nanoparticle conjugated- DAFC-bovine serum albumin for competition. Overall, this work reveals for the first time a recombinant TAFC-specific monoclonal antibody with diagnostic potential for IPA diagnosis in traditional and emerging patient groups (e.g., COVID-19) and presents a useful strategy for murine Ig sequence determination, and expression in HEK293 cells, to overcome unexpected limitations associated with aberrant or deficient murine monoclonal antibody production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola M Moloney
- Department of Biology, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Co. Kildare, W23 F2H6, Ireland
| | - Annemarie Larkin
- National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Linan Xu
- Department of Biology, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Co. Kildare, W23 F2H6, Ireland
| | - David A Fitzpatrick
- Department of Biology, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Co. Kildare, W23 F2H6, Ireland
| | - Holly L Crean
- Department of Biology, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Co. Kildare, W23 F2H6, Ireland
| | - Kieran Walshe
- Department of Biology, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Co. Kildare, W23 F2H6, Ireland
| | - Hubertus Haas
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Medical University Innsbruck, A-6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Clemens Decristoforo
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 5, A-6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Sean Doyle
- Department of Biology, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Co. Kildare, W23 F2H6, Ireland.
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4
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Nguyen TV, Gupta R, Annas D, Yoon J, Kim YJ, Lee GH, Jang JW, Park KH, Rakwal R, Jung KH, Min CW, Kim ST. An Integrated Approach for the Efficient Extraction and Solubilization of Rice Microsomal Membrane Proteins for High-Throughput Proteomics. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:723369. [PMID: 34567038 PMCID: PMC8460067 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.723369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The preparation of microsomal membrane proteins (MPs) is critically important to microsomal proteomics. To date most research studies have utilized an ultracentrifugation-based approach for the isolation and solubilization of plant MPs. However, these approaches are labor-intensive, time-consuming, and unaffordable in certain cases. Furthermore, the use of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and its removal prior to a mass spectrometry (MS) analysis through multiple washing steps result in the loss of proteins. To address these limitations, this study introduced a simple micro-centrifugation-based MP extraction (MME) method from rice leaves, with the efficacy of this approach being compared with a commercially available plasma membrane extraction kit (PME). Moreover, this study assessed the subsequent solubilization of isolated MPs in an MS-compatible surfactant, namely, 4-hexylphenylazosulfonate (Azo) and SDS using a label-free proteomic approach. The results validated the effectiveness of the MME method, specifically in the enrichment of plasma membrane proteins as compared with the PME method. Furthermore, the findings showed that Azo demonstrated several advantages over SDS in solubilizing the MPs, which was reflected through a label-free quantitative proteome analysis. Altogether, this study provided a relatively simple and rapid workflow for the efficient extraction of MPs with an Azo-integrated MME approach for bottom-up proteomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Truong Van Nguyen
- Department of Plant Bioscience, Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang, South Korea
| | - Ravi Gupta
- Department of General Education, College of General Education, Kookmin University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dicky Annas
- Department of Chemistry, Pusan National University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Jinmi Yoon
- Department of Plant Bioscience, Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang, South Korea
| | - Yu-Jin Kim
- Department of Life Science & Environmental Biochemistry, Pusan National University, Miryang, South Korea
| | - Gi Hyun Lee
- Department of Plant Bioscience, Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang, South Korea
| | - Jeong Woo Jang
- Department of Plant Bioscience, Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang, South Korea
| | - Kang Hyun Park
- Department of Chemistry, Pusan National University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Randeep Rakwal
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
- Research Laboratory for Biotechnology and Biochemistry (RLABB), Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Ki-Hong Jung
- Graduate School of Biotechnology & Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, South Korea
| | - Cheol Woo Min
- Department of Plant Bioscience, Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang, South Korea
| | - Sun Tae Kim
- Department of Plant Bioscience, Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang, South Korea
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5
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Valero C, Colabardini AC, de Castro PA, Silva LP, Ries LNA, Pardeshi L, Wang F, Rocha MC, Malavazi I, Silva RN, Martins C, Domingos P, Pereira-Silva C, Bromley MJ, Wong KH, Goldman GH. Aspergillus Fumigatus ZnfA, a Novel Zinc Finger Transcription Factor Involved in Calcium Metabolism and Caspofungin Tolerance. FRONTIERS IN FUNGAL BIOLOGY 2021; 2:689900. [PMID: 37744107 PMCID: PMC10512341 DOI: 10.3389/ffunb.2021.689900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis is a life-threatening fungal infection especially in the immunocompromised patients. The low diversity of available antifungal drugs coupled with the emergence of antifungal resistance has become a worldwide clinical concern. The echinocandin Caspofungin (CSP) is recommended as a second-line therapy but resistance and tolerance mechanisms have been reported. However, how the fungal cell articulates the response to CSP is not completely understood. This work provides a detailed characterization of ZnfA, a transcription factor (TF) identified in previous screening studies that is involved in the A. fumigatus responses to calcium and CSP. This TF plays an important role in the regulation of iron homeostasis and cell wall organization in response to high CSP concentrations as revealed by Chromatin Immunoprecipitation coupled to DNA sequencing (ChIP-seq) analysis. Furthermore, ZnfA acts collaboratively with the key TF CrzA in modulating the response to calcium as well as cell wall and osmotic stresses. This study therefore describes the existence of an additional, previously unknown TF that bridges calcium signaling and the CSP cellular response and further exposes the complex connections that exist among different pathways which govern stress sensing and signaling in A. fumigatus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Valero
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Ana Cristina Colabardini
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Alves de Castro
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Lilian Pereira Silva
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | | | - Lakhansing Pardeshi
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
- Genomics and Bioinformatics Core, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
- Genomics and Bioinformatics Core, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Marina Campos Rocha
- Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Iran Malavazi
- Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Celso Martins
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa (ITQB NOVA), Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Domingos
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa (ITQB NOVA), Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Cristina Pereira-Silva
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa (ITQB NOVA), Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Michael J. Bromley
- Manchester Fungal Infection Group, Core Technology Facility, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Koon Ho Wong
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Gustavo H. Goldman
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
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6
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Owens RA, Doyle S. Effects of antifungal agents on the fungal proteome: informing on mechanisms of sensitivity and resistance. Expert Rev Proteomics 2021; 18:185-199. [PMID: 33797307 DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2021.1912601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Antifungal agents are essential in the fight against serious fungal disease, however emerging resistance is threatening an already limited collection of therapeutics. Proteomic analyses of effects of antifungal agents can expand our understanding of multifactorial mechanisms of action and have also proven valuable to elucidate proteomic changes associated with antifungal resistance. AREAS COVERED This review covers the application of proteomic techniques to examine sensitivity and resistance to antifungals including commonly used therapeutics, amphotericin B, echinocandins and the azoles, based predominantly on studies involving Aspergillus fumigatus, Candida albicans and Candida glabrata from the last 10 years. In addition, non-clinical antimicrobial agents are also discussed, which highlight the potential of proteomics to identify new antifungal targets. EXPERT COMMENTARY Fungal proteomics has evolved in the last decade with increased genome availability and developments in mass spectrometry. Collectively, these have led to the advancement of proteomic techniques, allowing increased coverage of the proteome. Gel-based proteomics laid the foundation for these types of studies, which has now shifted to the more powerful gel-free proteomics. This has resulted in the identification of key mediators and potential biomarkers of antifungal resistance, as well as elucidating the mechanisms of action of novel and established antifungal agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca A Owens
- Department of Biology, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland.,The Kathleen Lonsdale Institute for Human Health Research, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland
| | - Sean Doyle
- Department of Biology, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland
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7
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Sahu N, Merényi Z, Bálint B, Kiss B, Sipos G, Owens RA, Nagy LG. Hallmarks of Basidiomycete Soft- and White-Rot in Wood-Decay -Omics Data of Two Armillaria Species. Microorganisms 2021; 9:149. [PMID: 33440901 PMCID: PMC7827401 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9010149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 01/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Wood-decaying Basidiomycetes are among the most efficient degraders of plant cell walls, making them key players in forest ecosystems, global carbon cycle, and in bio-based industries. Recent insights from -omics data revealed a high functional diversity of wood-decay strategies, especially among the traditional white-rot and brown-rot dichotomy. We examined the mechanistic bases of wood-decay in the conifer-specialists Armillaria ostoyae and Armillaria cepistipes using transcriptomic and proteomic approaches. Armillaria spp. (Fungi, Basidiomycota) include devastating pathogens of temperate forests and saprotrophs that decay wood. They have been discussed as white-rot species, though their response to wood deviates from typical white-rotters. While we observed an upregulation of a diverse suite of plant cell wall degrading enzymes, unlike white-rotters, they possess and express an atypical wood-decay repertoire in which pectinases and expansins are enriched, whereas lignin-decaying enzymes (LDEs) are generally downregulated. This combination of wood decay genes resembles the soft-rot of Ascomycota and appears widespread among Basidiomycota that produce a superficial white rot-like decay. These observations are consistent with ancestral soft-rot decay machinery conserved across asco- and Basidiomycota, a gain of efficient lignin-degrading ability in white-rot fungi and repeated, complete, or partial losses of LDE encoding gene repertoires in brown- and secondarily soft-rot fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Sahu
- Biological Research Center, Synthetic and Systems Biology Unit, 6726 Szeged, Hungary; (N.S.); (Z.M.); (B.B.); (B.K.)
- Doctoral School of Biology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, 6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Merényi
- Biological Research Center, Synthetic and Systems Biology Unit, 6726 Szeged, Hungary; (N.S.); (Z.M.); (B.B.); (B.K.)
| | - Balázs Bálint
- Biological Research Center, Synthetic and Systems Biology Unit, 6726 Szeged, Hungary; (N.S.); (Z.M.); (B.B.); (B.K.)
| | - Brigitta Kiss
- Biological Research Center, Synthetic and Systems Biology Unit, 6726 Szeged, Hungary; (N.S.); (Z.M.); (B.B.); (B.K.)
| | - György Sipos
- Research Center for Forestry and Wood Industry, Functional Genomics and Bioinformatics Group, University of Sopron, 9400 Sopron, Hungary;
- Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Rebecca A. Owens
- Department of Biology, Maynooth University, W23 F2H6 Kildare, Ireland;
| | - László G. Nagy
- Biological Research Center, Synthetic and Systems Biology Unit, 6726 Szeged, Hungary; (N.S.); (Z.M.); (B.B.); (B.K.)
- Department of Plant Anatomy, Institute of Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
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8
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Pfister J, Lichius A, Summer D, Haas H, Kanagasundaram T, Kopka K, Decristoforo C. Live-cell imaging with Aspergillus fumigatus-specific fluorescent siderophore conjugates. Sci Rep 2020; 10:15519. [PMID: 32968138 PMCID: PMC7511942 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-72452-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Live-cell imaging allows the in vivo analysis of subcellular localisation dynamics of physiological processes with high spatial-temporal resolution. However, only few fluorescent dyes have been custom-designed to facilitate species-specific live-cell imaging approaches in filamentous fungi to date. Therefore, we developed fluorescent dye conjugates based on the sophisticated iron acquisition system of Aspergillus fumigatus by chemical modification of the siderophore triacetylfusarinine C (TAFC). Various fluorophores (FITC, NBD, Ocean Blue, BODIPY 630/650, SiR, TAMRA and Cy5) were conjugated to diacetylfusarinine C (DAFC). Gallium-68 labelling enabled in vitro and in vivo characterisations. LogD, uptake assays and growth assays were performed and complemented by live-cell imaging in different Aspergillus species. Siderophore conjugates were specifically recognised by the TAFC transporter MirB and utilized as an iron source in growth assays. Fluorescence microscopy revealed uptake dynamics and differential subcellular accumulation patterns of all compounds inside fungal hyphae.[Fe]DAFC-NBD and -Ocean Blue accumulated in vacuoles, whereas [Fe]DAFC-BODIPY, -SiR and -Cy5 localised to mitochondria. [Fe]DAFC -FITC showed a uniform cytoplasmic distribution, whereas [Fe]DAFC-TAMRA was not internalised at all. Co-staining experiments with commercially available fluorescent dyes confirmed these findings. Overall, we developed a new class of fluorescent dyes that vary in intracellular fungal targeting , thereby providing novel tools for live-cell imaging applications for Aspergillus fumigatus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joachim Pfister
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Alexander Lichius
- Department of Microbiology, University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Dominik Summer
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Hubertus Haas
- Division of Molecular Biology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Thines Kanagasundaram
- Division of Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry, German Cancer Research Center, (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Klaus Kopka
- Division of Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry, German Cancer Research Center, (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Clemens Decristoforo
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
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9
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Martínez-Pastor MT, Puig S. Adaptation to iron deficiency in human pathogenic fungi. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2020; 1867:118797. [PMID: 32663505 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2020.118797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Iron is an essential micronutrient for virtually all eukaryotic organisms and plays a central role during microbial infections. Invasive fungal diseases are associated with strikingly high rates of mortality, but their impact on human health is usually underestimated. Upon a fungal infection, hosts restrict iron availability in order to limit the growth and virulence of the pathogen. Here, we use two model yeasts, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Schizosaccharomyces pombe, to delve into the response to iron deficiency of human fungal pathogens, such as Candida glabrata, Candida albicans, Aspergillus fumigatus and Cryptococcus neoformans. Fungi possess common and species-specific mechanisms to acquire iron and to control the response to iron limitation. Upon iron scarcity, fungi activate a wide range of elegant strategies to capture and import exogenous iron, mobilize iron from intracellular stores, and modulate their metabolism to economize and prioritize iron utilization. Hence, iron homeostasis genes represent remarkable virulence factors that can be used as targets for the development of novel antifungal treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sergi Puig
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Paterna, Valencia, Spain.
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10
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Pfister J, Summer D, Petrik M, Khoylou M, Lichius A, Kaeopookum P, Kochinke L, Orasch T, Haas H, Decristoforo C. Hybrid Imaging of Aspergillus fumigatus Pulmonary Infection with Fluorescent, 68Ga-Labelled Siderophores. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E168. [PMID: 31979017 PMCID: PMC7072563 DOI: 10.3390/biom10020168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Aspergillus fumigatus (A. fumigatus) is a human pathogen causing severe invasive fungal infections, lacking sensitive and selective diagnostic tools. A. fumigatus secretes the siderophore desferri-triacetylfusarinine C (TAFC) to acquire iron from the human host. TAFC can be labelled with gallium-68 to perform positron emission tomography (PET/CT) scans. Here, we aimed to chemically modify TAFC with fluorescent dyes to combine PET/CT with optical imaging for hybrid imaging applications. Starting from ferric diacetylfusarinine C ([Fe]DAFC), different fluorescent dyes were conjugated (Cy5, SulfoCy5, SulfoCy7, IRDye 800CW, ATTO700) and labelled with gallium-68 for in vitro and in vivo characterisation. Uptake assays, growth assays and live-cell imaging as well as biodistribution, PET/CT and ex vivo optical imaging in an infection model was performed. Novel fluorophore conjugates were recognized by the fungal TAFC transporter MirB and could be utilized as iron source. Fluorescence microscopy showed partial accumulation into hyphae. µPET/CT scans of an invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) rat model revealed diverse biodistribution patterns for each fluorophore. [68Ga]Ga-DAFC-Cy5/SufloCy7 and -IRDye 800CW lead to a visualization of the infected region of the lung. Optical imaging of ex vivo lungs corresponded to PET images with high contrast of infection versus non-infected areas. Although fluorophores had a decisive influence on targeting and pharmacokinetics, these siderophores have potential as a hybrid imaging compounds combining PET/CT with optical imaging applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joachim Pfister
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (J.P.); (D.S.); (P.K.); (L.K.)
| | - Dominik Summer
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (J.P.); (D.S.); (P.K.); (L.K.)
| | - Milos Petrik
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, 772-00 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (M.P.); (M.K.)
| | - Marta Khoylou
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, 772-00 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (M.P.); (M.K.)
| | - Alexander Lichius
- Department of Microbiology, University Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria;
| | - Piriya Kaeopookum
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (J.P.); (D.S.); (P.K.); (L.K.)
| | - Laurin Kochinke
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (J.P.); (D.S.); (P.K.); (L.K.)
| | - Thomas Orasch
- Division of Molecular Biology, Medical University Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (T.O.); (H.H.)
| | - Hubertus Haas
- Division of Molecular Biology, Medical University Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (T.O.); (H.H.)
| | - Clemens Decristoforo
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (J.P.); (D.S.); (P.K.); (L.K.)
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11
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Morrin ST, Owens RA, Le Berre M, Gerlach JQ, Joshi L, Bode L, Irwin JA, Hickey RM. Interrogation of Milk-Driven Changes to the Proteome of Intestinal Epithelial Cells by Integrated Proteomics and Glycomics. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:1902-1917. [PMID: 30663306 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b06484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Bovine colostrum is a rich source of bioactive components which are important in the development of the intestine, in stimulating gut structure and function and in preparing the gut surface for subsequent colonization of microbes. What is not clear, however, is how colostrum may affect the repertoire of receptors and membrane proteins of the intestinal surface and the post-translational modifications associated with them. In the present work, we aimed to characterize the surface receptor and glycan profile of human HT-29 intestinal cells after exposure to a bovine colostrum fraction (BCF) by means of proteomic and glycomic analyses. Integration of label-free quantitative proteomic analysis and lectin array profiles confirmed that BCF exposure results in changes in the levels of glycoproteins present at the cell surface and also changes to their glycosylation pattern. This study contributes to our understanding of how milk components may regulate intestinal cells and prime them for bacterial interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinead T Morrin
- Teagasc Food Research Centre , Moorepark , Fermoy, P61C996 , County Cork , Ireland
- Veterinary Sciences Centre, School of Veterinary Medicine , University College Dublin , Belfield, Dublin 4, D04 V1W8 , Ireland
| | - Rebecca A Owens
- Department of Biology , Maynooth University , Maynooth , W23 F2H6 , County Kildare , Ireland
| | - Marie Le Berre
- Glycoscience Group, Advanced Glycoscience Research Cluster, National Centre for Biomedical Engineering Science , National University of Ireland Galway , H91TK33 , Galway , Ireland
| | - Jared Q Gerlach
- Glycoscience Group, Advanced Glycoscience Research Cluster, National Centre for Biomedical Engineering Science , National University of Ireland Galway , H91TK33 , Galway , Ireland
| | - Lokesh Joshi
- Glycoscience Group, Advanced Glycoscience Research Cluster, National Centre for Biomedical Engineering Science , National University of Ireland Galway , H91TK33 , Galway , Ireland
| | - Lars Bode
- Department of Pediatrics and Larsson-Rosenquist Foundation Mother-Milk-Infant Center of Research Excellence , University of California, San Diego , La Jolla , California 92093 , United States
| | - Jane A Irwin
- Veterinary Sciences Centre, School of Veterinary Medicine , University College Dublin , Belfield, Dublin 4, D04 V1W8 , Ireland
| | - Rita M Hickey
- Teagasc Food Research Centre , Moorepark , Fermoy, P61C996 , County Cork , Ireland
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12
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Müller GDAES, Lüchmann KH, Razzera G, Toledo-Silva G, Bebianno MJ, Marques MRF, Bainy ACD. Proteomic response of gill microsomes of Crassostrea brasiliana exposed to diesel fuel water-accommodated fraction. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2018; 201:109-118. [PMID: 29906693 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2018.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Revised: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Diesel fuel water-accommodated fraction (diesel-WAF) is a complex mixture of organic compounds that may cause harmful effects to marine invertebrates. Expression of microsomal proteins can be changed by oil exposure, causing functional alterations in endoplasmic reticulum (ER). The aim of this study was to investigate changes in protein expression signatures in microsomes of oysterl Crassostrea brasiliana (=C.gasar) gill after exposure to 10% diesel-WAF for 24 and 72 h. Protein expression signatures of gills of oysters exposed to diesel-WAF were compared to those of unexposed oysters using two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) to identify differentially expressed proteins. A total of 458 protein spots with molecular weights between 30-75 kDa were detected by 2-DE in six replicates of exposed oyster proteomes compared to unexposed ones. Fourteen differentially expressed proteins (six up-regulated and eight down-regulated) were identified. They are: proteins related to xenobiotic biotransformation (cytochrome P450 6 A, NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase); cytoskeleton (α-tubulin, β-tubulin, gelsolin); processing and degradation of proteins pathways (thioredoxin domain-containing protein E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase MIB2); involved in the biosynthesis of glycolipids and glycoproteins (beta-1,3-galactosyltransferase 1); associated with stress responses (glutamate receptor 4 and 14-3-3 protein zeta, corticotropin-releasing factor-binding protein); plasmalogen biosynthesis (fatty acyl-CoA reductase 1), and sodium-and chloride-dependent glycine transporter 2 and glyoxylate reductase/hydroxypyruvate reductase. Different patterns of protein responses were observed between 24 and 72 h-exposed groups. Expression pattern of microsomal proteins provided a first insight on the potential diesel-WAF effects at protein level in microsomal fraction of oyster gills and indicated new potential biomarkers of exposure and effect. The present work can be a basis for future ecotoxicological studies in oysters aiming to elucidate the molecular mechanisms behind diesel-WAF toxicity and for environmental monitoring programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabrielle do Amaral E Silva Müller
- Laboratory of Biomarkers of Aquatic Contamination and Immunochemistry - LABCAI, Biochemistry Department, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Karim Hahn Lüchmann
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology - LBBM, Fishery Engineering Department, Santa Catarina State University, Laguna, 88790-000, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Razzera
- Laboratory of Biomarkers of Aquatic Contamination and Immunochemistry - LABCAI, Biochemistry Department, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Toledo-Silva
- Laboratory of Biomarkers of Aquatic Contamination and Immunochemistry - LABCAI, Biochemistry Department, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Maria João Bebianno
- Laboratory of Biomarkers of Aquatic Contamination and Immunochemistry - LABCAI, Biochemistry Department, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, Brazil; Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIMA), University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8000-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Maria Risoleta Freire Marques
- Laboratory of Biomarkers of Aquatic Contamination and Immunochemistry - LABCAI, Biochemistry Department, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Afonso Celso Dias Bainy
- Laboratory of Biomarkers of Aquatic Contamination and Immunochemistry - LABCAI, Biochemistry Department, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, Brazil.
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13
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Saleh AA, Jones GW, Tinley FC, Delaney SF, Alabbadi SH, Fenlon K, Doyle S, Owens RA. Systems impact of zinc chelation by the epipolythiodioxopiperazine dithiol gliotoxin in Aspergillus fumigatus: a new direction in natural product functionality. Metallomics 2018; 10:854-866. [DOI: 10.1039/c8mt00052b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Dithiol gliotoxin (DTG) is a zinc chelator and an inability to dissipate DTG in Aspergillus fumigatus is associated with multiple impacts which are linked to zinc chelation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gary W. Jones
- Department of Biology
- Maynooth University
- Co. Kildare
- Ireland
- Centre for Biomedical Research
| | | | | | | | - Keith Fenlon
- Department of Biology
- Maynooth University
- Co. Kildare
- Ireland
| | - Sean Doyle
- Department of Biology
- Maynooth University
- Co. Kildare
- Ireland
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14
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Genome expansion and lineage-specific genetic innovations in the forest pathogenic fungi Armillaria. Nat Ecol Evol 2017; 1:1931-1941. [DOI: 10.1038/s41559-017-0347-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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15
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Proteomic Characterization of Armillaria mellea Reveals Oxidative Stress Response Mechanisms and Altered Secondary Metabolism Profiles. Microorganisms 2017; 5:microorganisms5030060. [PMID: 28926970 PMCID: PMC5620651 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms5030060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Revised: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Armillaria mellea is a major plant pathogen. Yet, the strategies the organism uses to infect susceptible species, degrade lignocellulose and other plant material and protect itself against plant defences and its own glycodegradative arsenal are largely unknown. Here, we use a combination of gel and MS-based proteomics to profile A. mellea under conditions of oxidative stress and changes in growth matrix. 2-DE and LC-MS/MS were used to investigate the response of A. mellea to H2O2 and menadione/FeCl3 exposure, respectively. Several proteins were detected with altered abundance in response to H2O2, but not menadione/FeCl3 (i.e., valosin-containing protein), indicating distinct responses to these different forms of oxidative stress. One protein, cobalamin-independent methionine synthase, demonstrated a common response in both conditions, which may be a marker for a more general stress response mechanism. Further changes to the A. mellea proteome were investigated using MS-based proteomics, which identified changes to putative secondary metabolism (SM) enzymes upon growth in agar compared to liquid cultures. Metabolomic analyses revealed distinct profiles, highlighting the effect of growth matrix on SM production. This establishes robust methods by which to utilize comparative proteomics to characterize this important phytopathogen.
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16
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Xie Y, Qiu N, Wang G. Toward a better guard of coastal water safety-Microbial distribution in coastal water and their facile detection. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2017; 118:5-16. [PMID: 28215556 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.02.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2016] [Revised: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Prosperous development in marine-based tourism has raised increasing concerns over the sanitary quality of coastal waters with potential microbial contamination. The World Health Organization has set stringent standards over a list of pathogenic microorganisms posing potential threats to people with frequent coastal water exposure and has asked for efficient detection procedures for pathogen facile identification. Inspection of survey events regarding the occurrence of marine pathogens in recreational beaches in recent years has reinforced the need for the development of a rapid identification procedure. In this review, we examine the possibility of recruiting uniform molecular assays to identify different marine pathogens and the feasibility of appropriate biomarkers, including enterochelin biosynthetic genes, for general toxicity assays. The focus is not only on bacterial pathogens but also on other groups of infectious pathogens. The ultimate goal is the development of a handy method to more efficiently and rapidly detect marine pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunxuan Xie
- Tianjin University Center for Marine Environmental Ecology, School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Ning Qiu
- South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
| | - Guangyi Wang
- Tianjin University Center for Marine Environmental Ecology, School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
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17
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Mulvihill ED, Moloney NM, Owens RA, Dolan SK, Russell L, Doyle S. Functional Investigation of Iron-Responsive Microsomal Proteins, including MirC, in Aspergillus fumigatus. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:418. [PMID: 28367141 PMCID: PMC5355445 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The functionality of many microsome-associated proteins which exhibit altered abundance in response to iron limitation in Aspergillus fumigatus is unknown. Here, we generate and characterize eight gene deletion strains, and of most significance reveal that MirC (AFUA_2G05730) contributes to the maintenance of intracellular siderophore [ferricrocin (FC)] levels, augments conidiation, confers protection against oxidative stress, exhibits an intracellular localization and contributes to fungal virulence in the Galleria mellonella animal model system. FC levels were unaffected following deletion of all other genes encoding microsome-associated proteins. MirC does not appear to play a role in either siderophore export from, or uptake into, A. fumigatus. Label-free quantitative proteomic analysis unexpectedly revealed increased abundance of siderophore biosynthetic enzymes. In addition, increased expression of hapX (7.2 and 13.8-fold at 48 and 72 h, respectively; p < 0.001) was observed in ΔmirC compared to wild-type under iron-replete conditions by qRT-PCR. This was complemented by significantly elevated extracellular triacetylfusarinine C (TAFC; p < 0.01) and fusarinine C (FSC; p < 0.05) siderophore secretion. We conclude that MirC plays an important role in FC biosynthesis and contributes to the maintenance of iron homeostasis in A. fumigatus.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Stephen K Dolan
- Department of Biology, Maynooth UniversityKildare, Ireland; Department of Biochemistry, University of CambridgeCambridge, UK
| | - Lauren Russell
- Department of Biology, Maynooth University Kildare, Ireland
| | - Sean Doyle
- Department of Biology, Maynooth University Kildare, Ireland
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18
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Manuscript title: antifungal proteins from moulds: analytical tools and potential application to dry-ripened foods. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 100:6991-7000. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-016-7706-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Revised: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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19
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Moloney NM, Owens RA, Doyle S. Proteomic analysis of Aspergillus fumigatus – clinical implications. Expert Rev Proteomics 2016; 13:635-49. [DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2016.1203783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sean Doyle
- Department of Biology, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Ireland
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