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Zelikman S, Dudkevich R, Korenfeld-Tzemach H, Shmidov E, Levi-Ferber M, Shoshani S, Ben-Aroya S, Henis-Korenblit S, Banin E. PemB, a type III secretion effector in Pseudomonas aeruginosa, affects Caenorhabditis elegans life span. Heliyon 2024; 10:e29751. [PMID: 38681583 PMCID: PMC11053225 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the leading nosocomial opportunistic pathogens causing acute and chronic infections. Among its main virulent factors is the Type III secretion system (T3SS) which enhances disease severity by delivering effectors to the host in a highly regulated manner. Despite its importance for virulence, only six T3SS-dependent effectors have been discovered so far. Previously, we identified two new potential effectors using a machine-learning algorithm approach. Here we demonstrate that one of these effectors, PemB, is indeed virulent. Using a live Caenorhabditis elegans infection model, we demonstrate this effector damages the integrity of the intestine barrier leading to the death of the host. Implementing a high-throughput assay using Saccharomyces cerevisiae, we identified several candidate proteins that interact with PemB. One of them, EFT1, has an ortholog in C. elegans (eef-2) and is also an essential gene and a well-known target utilized by different pathogens to induce toxicity to the worm. Accordingly, we found that by silencing the eef-2 gene in C. elegans, PemB could no longer induce its toxic effect. The current study further uncovers the complex machinery assisting P. aeruginosa virulence and may provide novel insight how to manage infection associated with this hard-to-treat pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shira Zelikman
- The Mina & Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Max and Anna Webb, 5290002, Ramat Gan, Israel
- The Institute for Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University, Max and Anna Webb, 5290002, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Reut Dudkevich
- The Mina & Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Max and Anna Webb, 5290002, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Hadar Korenfeld-Tzemach
- The Mina & Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Max and Anna Webb, 5290002, Ramat Gan, Israel
- The Institute for Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University, Max and Anna Webb, 5290002, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Esther Shmidov
- The Mina & Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Max and Anna Webb, 5290002, Ramat Gan, Israel
- The Institute for Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University, Max and Anna Webb, 5290002, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Mor Levi-Ferber
- The Mina & Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Max and Anna Webb, 5290002, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Sivan Shoshani
- The Mina & Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Max and Anna Webb, 5290002, Ramat Gan, Israel
- The Institute for Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University, Max and Anna Webb, 5290002, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Shay Ben-Aroya
- The Mina & Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Max and Anna Webb, 5290002, Ramat Gan, Israel
- The Institute for Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University, Max and Anna Webb, 5290002, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Sivan Henis-Korenblit
- The Mina & Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Max and Anna Webb, 5290002, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Ehud Banin
- The Mina & Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Max and Anna Webb, 5290002, Ramat Gan, Israel
- The Institute for Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University, Max and Anna Webb, 5290002, Ramat Gan, Israel
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Yang X, Zeng Q, Gou S, Wu Y, Ma X, Zou H, Zhao K. Phenotypic heterogeneity unveils a negative correlation between antibiotic resistance and quorum sensing in Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical isolates. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1327675. [PMID: 38410387 PMCID: PMC10895058 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1327675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Colonization of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the lung environments frequently leads to the enrichment of strains displaying enhanced antibiotic resistance and reduced production of quorum-sensing (QS) controlled products. However, the relationship between the emergence of QS deficient variants and antibiotic resistance remains less understood. In this study, 67 P. aeruginosa strains were isolated from the lungs of 14 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, followed by determining their genetic relationship, QS-related phenotypes and resistance to commonly used antibiotics. The integrity of P. aeruginosa QS system was checked by DNA sequencing. The relationship between the QS system and antibiotic resistance was then assessed by correlation analyses. The function of the LasR protein and bacterial virulence were evaluated through homology modeling and nematode-infection assay. The influence of antibiotic on the development of extracellular protease production ability of P. aeruginosa was tested by an evolutionary experiment. The results showed that P. aeruginosa clinical strains displayed abundant diversity in phenotype and genotype. The production of extracellular proteases was significantly negatively correlated with antibiotic resistance. The strains with enhanced antibiotic resistance also showed a notable overlap with the mutation of lasR gene, which is the core regulatory gene of P. aeruginosa QS system. Molecular docking and Caenorhabditis elegans infection assays further suggested that P. aeruginosa with impaired LasR protein could also have varying pathogenicity. Moreover, in vitro evolution experiments demonstrated that antibiotic-mediated selective pressure, particularly from Levofloxacin contributed to the emergence of extracellular protease-negative strains. Therefore, this study provides evidence for the connection of P. aeruginosa QS system and antibiotic resistance, and holds significance for developing targeted strategies to address antibiotic resistance and improving the management of antibiotic-resistant infections in chronic respiratory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiting Yang
- Antibiotics Research and Re-evaluation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qianglin Zeng
- Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Shiyi Gou
- Antibiotics Research and Re-evaluation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yi Wu
- Antibiotics Research and Re-evaluation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaoling Ma
- Antibiotics Research and Re-evaluation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hang Zou
- Antibiotics Research and Re-evaluation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Kelei Zhao
- Antibiotics Research and Re-evaluation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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VenkataKrishna LM, Balasubramaniam B, Sushmitha TJ, Ravichandiran V, Balamurugan K. Cronobacter sakazakii infection implicates multifaceted neuro-immune regulatory pathways of Caenorhabditis elegans. Mol Omics 2024; 20:48-63. [PMID: 37818754 DOI: 10.1039/d3mo00167a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
The neural pathways of Caenorhabditis elegans play a crucial role in regulating host immunity and inflammation during pathogenic infections. To understand the major neuro-immune signaling pathways, this study aimed to identify the key regulatory proteins in the host C. elegans during C. sakazakii infection. We used high-throughput label-free quantitative proteomics and identified 69 differentially expressed proteins. KEGG analysis revealed that C. sakazakii elicited host immune signaling cascades primarily including mTOR signaling, axon regeneration, metabolic pathways (let-363 and acox-1.4), calcium signaling (mlck-1), and longevity regulating pathways (ddl-2), respectively. The abrogation in functional loss of mTOR-associated players deciphered that C. sakazakii infection negatively regulated the lifespan of mutant worms (akt-1, let-363 and dlk-1), including physiological aberrations, such as reduced pharyngeal pumping and egg production. Additionally, the candidate pathway proteins were validated by transcriptional profiling of their corresponding genes. Furthermore, immunoblotting showed the downregulation of mTORC2/SGK-1 during the later hours of pathogen exposure. Overall, our findings profoundly provide an understanding of the specificity of proteome imbalance in affecting neuro-immune regulations during C. sakazakii infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - T J Sushmitha
- Department of Biotechnology, Science Campus, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - V Ravichandiran
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
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Ramesh P, Bajire SK, Kanichery A, Najar MA, Shastry RP, Prasad TSK. 6-Methylcoumarin rescues bacterial quorum sensing induced ribosome-inactivating stress in Caenorhabditis elegans. Microb Pathog 2022; 173:105833. [PMID: 36265737 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2022.105833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Bacterial pathogenicity has for long posed severe effects on patient care. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a common cause of hospital-acquired infections and nosocomial illnesses. It is known to infect the host by colonizing through quorum sensing and the production of exotoxins. METHODS The current effort is an analysis of proteomic alterations caused by P. aeruginosa PAO1 to study the effects of quorum sensing inhibitor 6-Methylcoumarin on PAO1 infectivity in the Caenorhabditis elegans model. RESULTS Through tandem mass tag-based quantitative proteomics approaches, 229 proteins were found to be differentially regulated in infection and upon inhibition. Among these, 34 proteins were found to be dysregulated in both infection and quorum-sensing inhibition conditions. Along with the dysregulation of proteins involved in host-pathogen interaction, PAO1 was found to induce ribosome-inactivating stress accompanied by the downregulating mitochondrial proteins. This in turn caused dysregulation of apoptosis. The expression of multiple proteins involved in ribosome biogenesis and structure, oxidative phosphorylation, and mitochondrial enzymes were altered due to infection. This mechanism, adapted by PAO1 to survive in the host, was inhibited by 6-Methylcoumarin by rescuing the downregulation of ribosomal and mitochondrial proteins. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, the data reflect the molecular alterations due to quorum sensing and the usefulness of inhibitors in controlling pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poornima Ramesh
- Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), University Road, Deralakatte, Mangalore, 575018, India.
| | - Sukesh Kumar Bajire
- Division of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), University Road, Deralakatte, Mangalore, 575018, India.
| | - Anagha Kanichery
- Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), University Road, Deralakatte, Mangalore, 575018, India.
| | - Mohd Altaf Najar
- Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), University Road, Deralakatte, Mangalore, 575018, India.
| | - Rajesh P Shastry
- Division of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), University Road, Deralakatte, Mangalore, 575018, India.
| | - T S Keshava Prasad
- Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), University Road, Deralakatte, Mangalore, 575018, India.
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Hua X, Zhao Y, Yuan Y, Zhang L, Bian Q, Wang D. Nanoplastics cause transgenerational toxicity through inhibiting germline microRNA mir-38 in C. elegans. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 437:129302. [PMID: 35716568 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Nanoplastic exposure potentially caused the induction of transgenerational toxicity. Nevertheless, the molecular basis for nanoplastic exposure-induced transgenerational toxicity remains largely unclear. Using Caenorhabditis elegans as an animal model, we examined the role of germline microRNA (miRNA) mir-38 in regulating the transgenerational toxicity of polystyrene nanoparticles (PS-NPs). After the exposure, 1-100 μg/L PS-NP decreased expression of germline mir-38. Meanwhile, germline mir-38 overexpression conferred a resistance to transgenerational PS-NP toxicity, which suggested that the decrease in germline mir-38 mediated the induction of transgenerational PS-NP toxicity. In the germline, mir-38 regulated transgenerational PS-NP toxicity by inhibiting activity of downstream targets (NDK-1, NHL-2, and WRT-3). Among these three downstream targets, germline NDK-1 further controlled transgenerational PS-NP toxicity by suppressing the function of KSR-1/2, two kinase suppressors of Ras. Therefore, in the germline, the decrease in mir-38 mediated induction of transgenerational PS-NP toxicity by at least inhibiting signaling cascade of NDK-1-KSR-1/2 in nematodes. The findings in this study are helpful for providing relevantly molecular endpoints to assess potential transgenerational toxicity of nanoplastics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Hua
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering of Ministry of Education, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yue Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering of Ministry of Education, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China; Institute of Toxicology and Risk Assessment, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yujie Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering of Ministry of Education, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Le Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering of Ministry of Education, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Qian Bian
- Institute of Toxicology and Risk Assessment, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Dayong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering of Ministry of Education, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China; Shenzhen Ruipuxun Academy for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, Shenzhen 518122, China.
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p38-MAPK recruits the proteolytic pathways in Caenorhabditis elegans during bacterial infection. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 204:116-135. [PMID: 35124023 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.01.191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In eukaryotic organisms, cell-signalling completely relies on Post Translational Modifications (PTMs) that can function as regulatory switches. Phosphorylation is a fundamental and frequently occurring PTM in almost all eukaryotes. Herein, we have studied the importance of protein phosphorylation using classical proteomic techniques in C. elegans upon bacterial infection. The differentially regulated proteins during bacterial infection were excised from SDS-PAGE (One-Dimensional) gel (TiO2 column elutes) and subjected to MALDI-TOF-MS which ended up in identifying 220 proteins kinetically. KEGG pathway analysis of those proteins suggested that MAPK pathway was part of the innate immunity. Thus, we have characterized p38-MAPK (one of the crucial downstream MAPKs) using immunoblotting, subcellular fractionation, coimmunoprecipitation, LC-MS/MS, bioinformatics studies and qPCR. Meanwhile, KU25 strain (pmk-1 mutant) exhibited an earlier mortality during infection suggesting the crucial role of p38-MAPK during host-pathogen interaction. Interestingly, Reactome pathway analysis of p38 interactors (CoIP coupled to LC-MS/MS) revealed the involvement of various proteolytic pathway players (ubiquitination, SUMOylation and Neddylation) during bacterial infection. Further, the regulation of SUMOylation and Neddylation was identified and validated using immunoblotting and qPCR analyses, respectively. Concisely, our study indicated that bacterial infection triggers the MAPK cascade to elicit innate immunity which in turn recruits proteolytic pathways to counteract the invading pathogen.
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Proteomic analysis of Caenorhabditis elegans against Salmonella Typhi toxic proteins. Genes Immun 2021; 22:75-92. [PMID: 33986511 DOI: 10.1038/s41435-021-00132-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial effector molecules are crucial infectious agents that can cause pathogenesis. In the present study, the pathogenesis of toxic Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (S. Typhi) proteins on the model host Caenorhabditis elegans was investigated by exploring the host's regulatory proteins during infection through the quantitative proteomics approach. Extracted host proteins were analyzed using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2D-GE) and differentially regulated proteins were identified using MALDI TOF/TOF/MS analysis. Of the 150 regulated proteins identified, 95 were downregulated while 55 were upregulated. The interaction network of regulated proteins was predicted using the STRING tool. Most downregulated proteins were involved in muscle contraction, locomotion, energy hydrolysis, lipid synthesis, serine/threonine kinase activity, oxidoreductase activity, and protein unfolding. Upregulated proteins were involved in oxidative stress pathways. Hence, cellular stress generated by S. Typhi proteins in the model host was determined using lipid peroxidation as well as oxidant and antioxidant assays. In addition, candidate proteins identified via extract analysis were validated by western blotting, and the roles of several crucial molecules were analyzed in vivo using transgenic strains (myo-2 and col-19) and mutant (ogt-1) of C. elegans. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to report protein regulation in host C. elegans exposed to toxic S. Typhi proteins. It highlights the significance of p38 MAPK and JNK immune pathways.
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8
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Pooranachithra M, Satheesh Kumar C, Bhaskar JP, Venkateswaran K, Ravichandiran V, Balamurugan K. Proteomic analysis of Caenorhabditis elegans wound model reveals novel molecular players involved in repair. J Proteomics 2021; 240:104222. [PMID: 33831597 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2021.104222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Wound repair is a multistep process which involves coordination of multiple molecular players from different cell types and pathways. Though the cellular processes that are taking place in order to repair damage is already known, molecular players involved in crucial pathways are still scarce. In this regard, the present study intends to uncover crucial players that are involved in the central repair events through proteomics approach which included 2-D GE and LC-MS/MS using Caenorhabditis elegans wound model. Initial gel-based 2-D GE and following protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analyses revealed active role of calcium signaling, acetylcholine transport and serotonergic neurotransmitter pathways. Further, gel-free LC-MS/MS and following PPI network analyses revealed the incidence of actin nucleation at the initial hours immediately after injury. Further by visualizing the PPI network and the interacting players, pink-1, a mitochondrial Serine/threonine-protein kinase which is known to regulate mitochondrial dynamics, was found to be the central player in facilitating the mitochondrial fission and its role was further verified using qPCR analysis and pink-1 transgenic worms. Overall, the study delivers new insights from crucial regulatory pathways and central players involved in wound repair using high throughput proteomic approaches and the mass spectrometry Data (PXD024629/PXD024744) are available via ProteomeXchange. SIGNIFICANCE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murugesan Pooranachithra
- Department of Biotechnology, Science Campus, Alagappa University, Karaikudi 630 003, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | | | - James Prabhanand Bhaskar
- ITC - Life Sciences and Technology Centre, Peenya Industrial Area, 1(st) Phase, Bangalore 560058, Karnataka, India.
| | - Krishnan Venkateswaran
- ITC - Life Sciences and Technology Centre, Peenya Industrial Area, 1(st) Phase, Bangalore 560058, Karnataka, India.
| | | | - Krishnaswamy Balamurugan
- Department of Biotechnology, Science Campus, Alagappa University, Karaikudi 630 003, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Sauvage S, Hardouin J. Exoproteomics for Better Understanding Pseudomonas aeruginosa Virulence. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:E571. [PMID: 32899849 PMCID: PMC7551764 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12090571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the most common human opportunistic pathogen associated with nosocomial diseases. In 2017, the World Health Organization has classified P. aeruginosa as a critical agent threatening human health, and for which the development of new treatments is urgently necessary. One interesting avenue is to target virulence factors to understand P. aeruginosa pathogenicity. Thus, characterising exoproteins of P. aeruginosa is a hot research topic and proteomics is a powerful approach that provides important information to gain insights on bacterial virulence. The aim of this review is to focus on the contribution of proteomics to the studies of P. aeruginosa exoproteins, highlighting its relevance in the discovery of virulence factors, post-translational modifications on exoproteins and host-pathogen relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salomé Sauvage
- Polymers, Biopolymers, Surface Laboratory, UMR 6270 CNRS, University of Rouen, CEDEX, F-76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France;
- PISSARO Proteomics Facility, IRIB, F-76820 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
| | - Julie Hardouin
- Polymers, Biopolymers, Surface Laboratory, UMR 6270 CNRS, University of Rouen, CEDEX, F-76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France;
- PISSARO Proteomics Facility, IRIB, F-76820 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
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10
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Balasubramaniam B, VenkataKrishna LM, Vinitha T, JebaMercy G, Balamurugan K. Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhi exposure elicits deliberate physiological alterations and triggers the involvement of ubiquitin mediated proteolysis pathway in Caenorhabditis elegans. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 149:215-233. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.01.225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Lin J, Gu Y, Xu Y, Yu J, Tang J, Wu L, Zhou Z, Chen C, Liu M, Chun X, Liu H, Nian R, Song H, Zhang J. Characterization and applications of nanobodies against Pseudomonas aeruginosa Exotoxin A selected from single alpaca B cells. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2020.1817782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jingtao Lin
- Unit of Clinical Laboratory, Dalang Hospital of Dongguan, Dalang, Dongguan, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Yi Gu
- Shenzhen Innova Nanobodi Co., Ltd, Shenzhen, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Yanru Xu
- Unit of Clinical Laboratory, Dalang Hospital of Dongguan, Dalang, Dongguan, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Jianli Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, PR China
| | - Jinsong Tang
- Unit of Clinical Laboratory, Dalang Hospital of Dongguan, Dalang, Dongguan, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Lili Wu
- Unit of Clinical Laboratory, Dalang Hospital of Dongguan, Dalang, Dongguan, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Zhengwei Zhou
- Unit of Clinical Laboratory, Dalang Hospital of Dongguan, Dalang, Dongguan, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Cailing Chen
- Unit of Clinical Laboratory, Dalang Hospital of Dongguan, Dalang, Dongguan, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Minjuan Liu
- Unit of Clinical Laboratory, Dalang Hospital of Dongguan, Dalang, Dongguan, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Xuan Chun
- Unit of Clinical Laboratory, Dalang Hospital of Dongguan, Dalang, Dongguan, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Hongling Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, PR China
| | - Rui Nian
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, PR China
| | - Haipeng Song
- Shenzhen Innova Nanobodi Co., Ltd, Shenzhen, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Jing Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, PR China
- Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Department of Biochemistry, Qilu Medical University, Zibo, Shandong, PR China
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12
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Somasiri P, Behm CA, Adamski M, Wen J, Verma NK. Transcriptional response of Caenorhabditis elegans when exposed to Shigella flexneri. Genomics 2019; 112:774-781. [PMID: 31125598 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2019.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, researchers have begun to use Caenorhabditis elegans as a potential animal model to study Shigella pathogenesis. This study aims to further develop this model using RNA-sequencing to understand which pathways/cellular characteristics are affected and potentially cause death in Shigella-exposed worms. We identified 1631 differentially expressed genes in Shigella-exposed worms (6 h exposure). A number of these genes encode proteins involved in fatty-acid β-oxidation (FAO), antioxidant defense and autophagy. The down-regulation of acyl-CoA dehydrogenases would impede FAO, reducing the overall energy to combat Shigella in the worm's intestinal tract. This is potentially coupled with the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that may not be fully quenched by antioxidant defense proteins, leading to damaged cellular organelles in the worm's intestinal cells. These cells may undergo autophagy to remove the mounting damage, but may eventually undergo cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamodha Somasiri
- Division of Biomedical Science and Biochemistry, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia.
| | - Carolyn A Behm
- Division of Biomedical Science and Biochemistry, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia.
| | - Marcin Adamski
- Computational Biology and Bioinformatics Unit, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia.
| | - Jiayu Wen
- Department of Genome Sciences, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia.
| | - Naresh K Verma
- Division of Biomedical Science and Biochemistry, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia.
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Mir DA, Balamurugan K. A proteomic analysis of Caenorhabditis elegans mitochondria during bacterial infection. Mitochondrion 2019; 48:37-50. [PMID: 30926536 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2019.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 01/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are involved in a variety of cellular metabolic processes and their functions are regulated by intrinsic and extrinsic stimuli. Recent studies have revealed functional diversity and importance of mitochondria in many cellular processes, including the innate immune response. This study evaluated the specific response and proteomic changes in host Caenorhabditis elegans mitochondria during Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 infection. We performed an inclusive approach to determine the C. elegans mitochondria proteome. The protein fractions of mitochondria were analysed by tandem LC-MS/MS, 129 differentially regulated proteins were identified, indicating an involvement of various mitochondrial processes. The several known components of the oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) machinery, the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt) and stable mitochondria-encoded proteins were found to be differentially expressed. Our results in-depth provide new horizons for mitochondria-associated protein functions and the classification of mitochondrial diseases during host-pathogen interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilawar Ahmad Mir
- Department of Biotechnology, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu 630003, India
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Vigneshwari L, Balasubramaniam B, Sethupathy S, Pandian SK, Balamurugan K. O-GlcNAcylation confers protection against Staphylococcus aureus infection in Caenorhabditis elegans through ubiquitination. RSC Adv 2018; 8:23089-23100. [PMID: 35540126 PMCID: PMC9081618 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra00279g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycosylation is one of the most prevalent post-translational modifications in biological systems. In Caenorhabditis elegans, O-GlcNAcylation has been shown to be actively involved in the regulation of dauer formation and detoxification of toxins secreted by invading pathogens. On this backdrop, the present study is focused on understanding the role of O-GlcNAcylation in C. elegans during Staphylococcus aureus infection using a gel based proteomic approach. Results of time course killing assays with wild-type and mutants of glycosylation and comparison of results revealed an increase in the survival of the C. elegans oga-1 mutant when compared to wild-type N2 and the ogt-1 mutant. Increased survival of C. elegans N2 upon S. aureus infection in the presence of O-(2-acetamido-2-deoxy-d-glucopyranosylidenamino) N-phenylcarbamate (PUGNAc-an OGA inhibitor) further confirmed the involvement of O-GlcNAcylation in protecting C. elegans from infection. The two-dimensional gel-based proteomic analysis of the control and S. aureus infected C. elegans oga-1 mutant followed by mass spectrometric identification of differentially expressed proteins has been carried out. The results revealed that key proteins involved in ubiquitination such as Cullin-1 (CUL-1), Cullin-3 (CUL-3), BTB and MATH domain-containing protein 15 (BATH-15), ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 variant 3 (UEV-3) and probable ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 7 (UBC-7) are upregulated. Real-time PCR analysis further confirms the upregulation of genes encoding the above-mentioned proteins which are involved in the ubiquitin-mediated pathways in C. elegans. In addition, treatment of C. elegans wild-type N2 and the oga-1 mutant with PUGNAc + suramin and suramin (an ubiquitination inhibitor), respectively has resulted in increased sensitivity to S. aureus infection. Hence, it is presumed that upregulation of proteins involved in the ubiquitination pathway could be the key regulatory mechanism responsible for the enhanced survival of the oga-1 mutant during S. aureus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loganathan Vigneshwari
- Department of Biotechnology, Science Campus, Alagappa University Karaikudi 630 003 Tamil Nadu India +91 4565 229334 +91 4565 225215
| | - Boopathi Balasubramaniam
- Department of Biotechnology, Science Campus, Alagappa University Karaikudi 630 003 Tamil Nadu India +91 4565 229334 +91 4565 225215
| | - Sivasamy Sethupathy
- Department of Biotechnology, Science Campus, Alagappa University Karaikudi 630 003 Tamil Nadu India +91 4565 229334 +91 4565 225215
| | - Shunmugiah Karutha Pandian
- Department of Biotechnology, Science Campus, Alagappa University Karaikudi 630 003 Tamil Nadu India +91 4565 229334 +91 4565 225215
| | - Krishnaswamy Balamurugan
- Department of Biotechnology, Science Campus, Alagappa University Karaikudi 630 003 Tamil Nadu India +91 4565 229334 +91 4565 225215
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King CD, Singh D, Holden K, Govan AB, Keith SA, Ghazi A, Robinson RA. Proteomic identification of virulence-related factors in young and aging C. elegans infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa. J Proteomics 2018; 181:92-103. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2018.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Revised: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Muimo R, Alothaid HM, Mehta A. NM23 proteins: innocent bystanders or local energy boosters for CFTR? J Transl Med 2018; 98:272-282. [PMID: 29251738 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2017.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2017] [Revised: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
NM23 proteins NDPK-A and -B bind to the cystic fibrosis (CF) protein CFTR in different ways from kinases such as PKA, CK2 and AMPK or linkers to cell calcium such as calmodulin and annexins. NDPK-A (not -B) interacts with CFTR through reciprocal AMPK binding/control, whereas NDPK-B (not -A) binds directly to CFTR. NDPK-B can activate G proteins without ligand-receptor coupling, so perhaps NDPK-B's binding influences energy supply local to a nucleotide-binding site (NBD1) needed for CFTR to function. Curiously, CFTR (ABC-C7) is a member of the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) protein family that does not obey 'clan rules'; CFTR channels anions and is not a pump, regulates disparate processes, is itself regulated by multiple means and is so pleiotropic that it acts as a hub that orchestrates calcium signaling through its consorts such as calmodulin/annexins. Furthermore, its multiple partners make CFTR dance to different tunes in different cellular and subcellular locations as it recycles from the plasma membrane to endosomes. CFTR function in airway apical membranes is inhibited by smoking which has been dubbed 'acquired CF'. CFTR alone among family members possesses a trap for other proteins that it unfurls as a 'fish-net' and which bears consensus phosphorylation sites for many protein kinases, with PKA being the most canonical. Recently, the site of CFTR's commonest mutation has been proposed as a knock-in mutant that alters allosteric control of kinase CK2 by log orders of activity towards calmodulin and other substrates after CFTR fragmentation. This link from CK2 to calmodulin that binds the R region invokes molecular paths that control lumen formation, which is incomplete in the tracheas of some CF-affected babies. Thus, we are poised to understand the many roles of NDPK-A and -B in CFTR function and, especially lumen formation, which is defective in the gut and lungs of many CF babies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richmond Muimo
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, The Medical School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Hani Mm Alothaid
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, The Medical School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Anil Mehta
- Medical Research Institute, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
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Kamaladevi A, Balamurugan K. Global Proteomics Revealed Klebsiella pneumoniae Induced Autophagy and Oxidative Stress in Caenorhabditis elegans by Inhibiting PI3K/AKT/mTOR Pathway during Infection. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2017; 7:393. [PMID: 28932706 PMCID: PMC5592217 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2017.00393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The enterobacterium, Klebsiella pneumoniae invades the intestinal epithelium of humans by interfering with multiple host cell response. To uncover a system-level overview of host response during infection, we analyzed the global dynamics of protein profiling in Caenorhabditis elegans using quantitative proteomics approach. Comparison of protein samples of nematodes exposed to K. pneumoniae for 12, 24, and 36 h by 2DE revealed several changes in host proteome. A total of 266 host-encoded proteins were identified by 2DE MALDI-MS/MS and LC-MS/MS and the interacting partners of the identified proteins were predicted by STRING 10.0 analysis. In order to understand the interacting partners of regulatory proteins with similar or close pI ranges, a liquid IEF was performed and the isolated fractions containing proteins were identified by LC-MS/MS. Functional bioinformatics analysis on identified proteins deciphered that they were mostly related to the metabolism, dauer formation, apoptosis, endocytosis, signal transduction, translation, developmental, and reproduction process. Gene enrichment analysis suggested that the metabolic process as the most overrepresented pathway regulated against K. pneumoniae infection. The dauer-like formation in infected C. elegans along with intestinal atrophy and ROS during the physiological analysis indicated that the regulation of metabolic pathway is probably through the involvement of mTOR. Immunoblot analysis supported the above notion that the K. pneumoniae infection induced protein mis-folding in host by involving PI3Kinase/AKT-1/mTOR mediated pathway. Furthermore, the susceptibility of pdi-2, akt-1, and mTOR C. elegans mutants confirmed the role and involvement of PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway in mediating protein mis-folding which appear to be translating the vulnerability of host defense toward K. pneumoniae infection.
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Marudhupandiyan S, Prithika U, Balasubramaniam B, Balamurugan K. RACK-1, a multifaceted regulator is required for C. elegans innate immunity against S. flexneri M9OT infection. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 74:227-236. [PMID: 28502651 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2017.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Revised: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The nematode C. elegans has the ability to clear off bacterial colonization in the intestine using pathogen specific innate immune response. Here, we show that C. elegans RACK-1 has been vital in determining the survival of worms under specific pathogenic infection. Among various pathogens tested, S. flexneri M9OT (SF) exhibited highest pathogenicity by killing rack-1 mutant worm-VC3013 earlier when compared to WT. The expression level of rack-1 mRNA was found to be decreased and it further indicated that the host translational event appeared to be affected during SF infection. Hence, inhibition of translational machinery was the foremost reason for the early mortality in C. elegans. Apparently, variation in the expression of RACK-1 affects the activation of p38 and JNK-MAPK pathway which consequently triggered expression of nlp-29 and longevity, respectively. The study unveils novel defense mechanisms exist for C. elegans in facilitating enhanced immunity by RACK-1 against SF infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Udayakumar Prithika
- Department of Biotechnology, Alagappa University, Science Campus, Karaikudi, 630003, India
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McEwan DL, Feinbaum RL, Stroustrup N, Haas W, Conery AL, Anselmo A, Sadreyev R, Ausubel FM. Tribbles ortholog NIPI-3 and bZIP transcription factor CEBP-1 regulate a Caenorhabditis elegans intestinal immune surveillance pathway. BMC Biol 2016; 14:105. [PMID: 27927200 PMCID: PMC5143455 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-016-0334-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many pathogens secrete toxins that target key host processes resulting in the activation of immune pathways. The secreted Pseudomonas aeruginosa toxin Exotoxin A (ToxA) disrupts intestinal protein synthesis, which triggers the induction of a subset of P. aeruginosa-response genes in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. RESULTS We show here that one ToxA-induced C. elegans gene, the Tribbles pseudokinase ortholog nipi-3, is essential for host survival following exposure to P. aeruginosa or ToxA. We find that NIPI-3 mediates the post-developmental expression of intestinal immune genes and proteins and primarily functions in parallel to known immune pathways, including p38 MAPK signaling. Through mutagenesis screening, we identify mutants of the bZIP C/EBP transcription factor cebp-1 that suppress the hypersusceptibility defects of nipi-3 mutants. CONCLUSIONS NIPI-3 is a negative regulator of CEBP-1, which in turn negatively regulates protective immune mechanisms. This pathway represents a previously unknown innate immune signaling pathway in intestinal epithelial cells that is involved in the surveillance of cellular homeostasis. Because NIPI-3 and CEBP-1 are also essential for C. elegans development, NIPI-3 is analogous to other key innate immune signaling molecules such as the Toll receptors in Drosophila that have an independent role during development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah L. McEwan
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA USA
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Rhonda L. Feinbaum
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA USA
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | | | - Wilhelm Haas
- Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA USA
| | - Annie L. Conery
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA USA
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
- Present Address: Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA USA
| | - Anthony Anselmo
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA USA
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Ruslan Sadreyev
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA USA
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA USA
| | - Frederick M. Ausubel
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA USA
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
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