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Azeem MA, Ali F, Ullah A, Iqbal M, Ali K, Al Farraj DA, Elshikh MS, Naz Q, Munis MFH, Chaudhary HJ. Exploration of plant growth promoting traits and regulatory mechanisms of Bacillus anthracis PM21 in enhancing salt stress tolerance in maize. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023:10.1007/s11356-023-27820-6. [PMID: 37256400 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-27820-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Bacillus species have been reported to reduce the negative effects of salt stress on plants; the involvement of Bacillus anthracis PM21 and the internal mechanisms involved in this process are unclear. The effects of PM21 inoculation on maize plants under salt stress were investigated in this study. The study aimed to assess the ability of Bacillus anthracis PM21 to endure high levels of salinity stress while preserving the concentration of plant growth regulators. The biomass, photosynthetic pigments, relative water content (RWC), antioxidants, osmoprotectants, inorganic ion contents, regulation of plant hormones and expression of antioxidants enzyme encoded genes were investigated under normal and salinity stress conditions. Bacillus anthracis PM21 produced a significant amount of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase enzyme (ACC deaminase) and exopolysaccharides (EPS) under salt stress and normal conditions. PM21 also produced plant growth stimulants including indole acetic acid, gibberellic acid (GA3), kinetin, and siderophore under salinity stress and normal conditions. Under salt stress, PM21 inoculation markedly increased plant growth indices, stimulate antioxidant enzyme mechanisms, osmoprotectants, and chlorophyll content. The use of qRT-PCR to analyze the transcription of targeted genes indicated greater expression of antioxidant-encoded genes and inferred their possible function in salinity stress tolerance. Our findings shed light on the functions of PM21 and its regulatory mechanisms in plant salt stress tolerance, as well as the importance of PM21 in this process. This study will provide a thorough analysis of the theoretical framework for adopting PM21 in agricultural production as an eco-friendly method to enhance crop growth and yield under salinity stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Atif Azeem
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Fawad Ali
- Department of Botany, University of Baltistan, Skardu, 16400, Pakistan
| | - Abid Ullah
- Botany Department, University of Malakand, Chakdara, 18800, Pakistan
| | - Mahmood Iqbal
- Department of Agricultural Extension, Education and Communication, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, 25130, Pakistan
| | - Kishwar Ali
- College of General Education, University of Doha for Science and Technology, Arab League Street, P.O. Box 24449, Doha, Qatar
| | - Dunia A Al Farraj
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed S Elshikh
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Qirat Naz
- School of Social Sciences, University of South Wales, Newport, UK
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Zhang W, Bao G, Tang W, Dai G, Xiao J, Liu J, Wang Z, Xi J. Physiological response of barley seedlings to salinity and artemisinin combined stresses under freeze-thaw environment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:70552-70563. [PMID: 35588037 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-20800-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, both the large daily temperature difference and soil salinization make plants susceptible to abiotic stresses such as freeze-thaw and salinity. Meanwhile, crops in this area can be affected by artemisinin, an antimalarial secondary metabolite produced in Artemisia. Under freeze-thaw and salinity stresses, artemisinin was induced as an allelopathy stress factor to explore the physiological response of highland barley, including the relative electrical conductivity (RC), soluble protein (SP) content, malondialdehyde (MDA) content, antioxidant enzyme activity, and water use efficiency (WUE). Compared with the control group, the contents of RC and MDA in seedling leaves under stress were significantly increased by 24.74-402.37% and 20.18-77.95%, indicating that cell membrane permeability was greatly damaged, and WUE was significantly decreased by 15.77-238.59%. The activity of enzymes increased under single stress and decreased under combined stress. Salinity, artemisinin, and freeze-thaw stress show a synergistic relationship; that is, compound stresses were more serious than single stress. In summary, the results of this study revealed the physiological and ecological responses of barley seedlings under different habitat stresses and the interactions among different stress factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment of the Ministry of Education (Jilin University), Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment, College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Guozhang Bao
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment of the Ministry of Education (Jilin University), Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment, College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China.
| | - Wenyi Tang
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment of the Ministry of Education (Jilin University), Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment, College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Gejun Dai
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment of the Ministry of Education (Jilin University), Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment, College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Jing Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment of the Ministry of Education (Jilin University), Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment, College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Jiapeng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment of the Ministry of Education (Jilin University), Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment, College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Zhao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment of the Ministry of Education (Jilin University), Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment, College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Jinghui Xi
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
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Integration of the Physiology, Transcriptome and Proteome Reveals the Molecular Mechanism of Drought Tolerance in Cupressus gigantea. FORESTS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/f13030401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Drought stress can dramatically impair woody plant growth and restrict the geographical distribution of many tree species. To better understand the dynamics between the response and mechanism of Cupressus gigantea to drought and post-drought recovery, a comparative analysis was performed, relying on physiological measurements, RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) proteins. In this study, the analyses revealed that photosynthesis was seriously inhibited, while osmolyte contents, antioxidant enzyme activity and non-enzymatic antioxidant contents were all increased under drought stress in seedlings. Re-watering led to a recovery in most of the parameters analyzed, mainly the photosynthetic parameters and osmolyte contents. Transcriptomic and proteomic profiling suggested that most of the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were specifically altered, and a few were consistently altered. Drought induced a common reduction in the level of DEGs and DEPs associated with photosynthesis. Notably, DEGs and DEPs involved in reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging, such as ascorbate oxidase and superoxide dismutase (SOD), showed an inverse pattern under desiccation. This study may improve our understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms of drought resistance in C. gigantea and paves the way for more detailed molecular analysis of the candidate genes.
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Chen Q, Xie H, Wei G, Guo X, Zhang J, Lu X, Tang Z. Metabolic differences of two constructive species in saline-alkali grassland in China. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 22:53. [PMID: 35081916 PMCID: PMC8790901 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-03401-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Salinization of soil is an urgent problem that restricts agroforestry production and environmental protection. Substantial accumulation of metal ions or highly alkaline soil alters plant metabolites and may even cause plant death. To explore the differences in the response strategies between Suaeda salsa (S. salsa) and Puccinellia tenuiflora (P. tenuiflora), two main constructive species that survive in saline-alkali soil, their metabolic differences were characterized. RESULT Metabolomics was conducted to study the role of metabolic differences between S. salsa and P. tenuiflora under saline-alkali stress. A total of 68 significantly different metabolites were identified by GC-MS, including 9 sugars, 13 amino acids, 8 alcohols, and 34 acids. A more detailed analysis indicated that P. tenuiflora utilizes sugars more effectively and may be saline-alkali tolerant via sugar consumption, while S. salsa utilizes mainly amino acids, alcohols, and acids to resist saline-alkali stress. Measurement of phenolic compounds showed that more C6C3C6-compounds accumulated in P. tenuiflora, while more C6C1-compounds, phenolic compounds that can be used as signalling molecules to defend against stress, accumulated in S. salsa. CONCLUSIONS Our observations suggest that S. salsa resists the toxicity of saline-alkali stress using aboveground organs and that P. tenuiflora eliminates this toxicity via roots. S. salsa has a stronger habitat transformation ability and can provide better habitat for other plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Chen
- School of Life Sciences Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Huansong Xie
- School of Life Sciences Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Guanyun Wei
- School of Life Sciences Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Xiaorui Guo
- Key Laboratory of Plant Ecology, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- School of Life Sciences Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Xueyan Lu
- Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.
| | - Zhonghua Tang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Ecology, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China.
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Zhang Y, Qin C, Liu S, Xu Y, Li Y, Zhang Y, Song Y, Sun M, Fu C, Qin Z, Dai S. Establishment of an efficient Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation system in halophyte Puccinellia tenuiflora. MOLECULAR BREEDING : NEW STRATEGIES IN PLANT IMPROVEMENT 2021; 41:55. [PMID: 37309401 PMCID: PMC10236038 DOI: 10.1007/s11032-021-01247-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Alkaligrass (Puccinellia tenuiflora) is a monocotyledonous halophyte pasture, which has strong tolerance to saline-alkali, drought, and chilling stresses. We have reported a high-quality chromosome-level genome and stress-responsive proteomic results in P. tenuiflora. However, the gene/protein function investigations are still lacking, due to the absent of genetic transformation system in P. tenuiflora. In this study, we established a higher efficient Agrobacterium-mediated transformation for P. tenuiflora using calluses induced from seeds. Agrobacterium strain EHA105 harbors pANIC 6B vectors that contain GUS reporter gene and Hyg gene for screening. Ten mg·L-1 hygromycin was used for selecting transgenic calluses. The optimized condition of vacuum for 10 min, ultrasonication for 10 min, and then vacuum for 10 min was used for improvement of conversion efficiency. Besides, 300 mg·L-1 timentin was the optimum antibiotics in transformation. PCR amplification exhibited that GUS gene has been successfully integrated into the chromosome of P. tenuiflora. Histochemical GUS staining and qRT-PCR analysis indicated that GUS gene has stably expressed with ß-glucuronidase activity in transgene seedlings. All these demonstrated that we have successfully established an Agrobacterium-mediated transformation system of P. tenuiflora, which provides a good platform for further gene function analysis and lays a solid foundation for molecular breeding. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11032-021-01247-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhang
- Development Center of Plant Germplasm Resources, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234 China
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration (Northeast Forestry University), Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040 China
| | - Chunxiao Qin
- Development Center of Plant Germplasm Resources, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234 China
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration (Northeast Forestry University), Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040 China
| | - Shijia Liu
- Development Center of Plant Germplasm Resources, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234 China
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration (Northeast Forestry University), Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040 China
| | - Yue Xu
- Shandong Technology Innovation Center of Synthetic Biology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266000 China
| | - Ying Li
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration (Northeast Forestry University), Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040 China
| | - Yongxue Zhang
- Development Center of Plant Germplasm Resources, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234 China
| | - Yingying Song
- Development Center of Plant Germplasm Resources, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234 China
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration (Northeast Forestry University), Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040 China
| | - Meihong Sun
- Development Center of Plant Germplasm Resources, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234 China
| | - Chunxiang Fu
- Shandong Technology Innovation Center of Synthetic Biology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266000 China
| | - Zhi Qin
- Development Center of Plant Germplasm Resources, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234 China
| | - Shaojun Dai
- Development Center of Plant Germplasm Resources, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234 China
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Guo R, Zhao L, Zhang K, Lu H, Bhanbhro N, Yang C. Comparative Genomics and Transcriptomics of the Extreme Halophyte Puccinellia tenuiflora Provides Insights Into Salinity Tolerance Differentiation Between Halophytes and Glycophytes. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:649001. [PMID: 33968105 PMCID: PMC8100201 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.649001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Halophytes and glycophytes exhibit clear differences in their tolerance to high levels of salinity. The genetic mechanisms underlying this differentiation, however, remain unclear. To unveil these mechanisms, we surveyed the evolution of salinity-tolerant gene families through comparative genomic analyses between the model halophyte Puccinellia tenuiflora and glycophytic Gramineae plants, and compared their transcriptional and physiological responses to salinity stress. Under salinity stress, the K+ concentration in the root was slightly enhanced in P. tenuiflora, but it was greatly reduced in the glycophytic Gramineae plants, which provided a physiological explanation for differences in salinity tolerance between P. tenuiflora and these glycophytes. Interestingly, several K+ uptake gene families from P. tenuiflora experienced family expansion and positive selection during evolutionary history. This gene family expansion and the elevated expression of K+ uptake genes accelerated K+ accumulation and decreased Na+ toxicity in P. tenuiflora roots under salinity stress. Positively selected P. tenuiflora K+ uptake genes may have evolved new functions that contributed to development of P. tenuiflora salinity tolerance. In addition, the expansion of the gene families involved in pentose phosphate pathway, sucrose biosynthesis, and flavonoid biosynthesis assisted the adaptation of P. tenuiflora to survival under high salinity conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Guo
- Key Laboratory of Dryland Agriculture, Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Long Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of Ministry of Education (MOE), Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
- Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kaijian Zhang
- Beijing Novogene Bioinformatics Technology Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Huiying Lu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of Ministry of Education (MOE), Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Nadeem Bhanbhro
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of Ministry of Education (MOE), Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Chunwu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of Ministry of Education (MOE), Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
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Na 2CO 3-responsive Photosynthetic and ROS Scavenging Mechanisms in Chloroplasts of Alkaligrass Revealed by Phosphoproteomics. GENOMICS PROTEOMICS & BIOINFORMATICS 2020; 18:271-288. [PMID: 32683046 PMCID: PMC7801222 DOI: 10.1016/j.gpb.2018.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Revised: 09/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Alkali-salinity exerts severe osmotic, ionic, and high-pH stresses to plants. To understand the alkali-salinity responsive mechanisms underlying photosynthetic modulation and reactive oxygen species (ROS) homeostasis, physiological and diverse quantitative proteomics analyses of alkaligrass (Puccinellia tenuiflora) under Na2CO3 stress were conducted. In addition, Western blot, real-time PCR, and transgenic techniques were applied to validate the proteomic results and test the functions of the Na2CO3-responsive proteins. A total of 104 and 102 Na2CO3-responsive proteins were identified in leaves and chloroplasts, respectively. In addition, 84 Na2CO3-responsive phosphoproteins were identified, including 56 new phosphorylation sites in 56 phosphoproteins from chloroplasts, which are crucial for the regulation of photosynthesis, ion transport, signal transduction, and energy homeostasis. A full-length PtFBA encoding an alkaligrass chloroplastic fructose-bisphosphate aldolase (FBA) was overexpressed in wild-type cells of cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. Strain PCC 6803, leading to enhanced Na2CO3 tolerance. All these results indicate that thermal dissipation, state transition, cyclic electron transport, photorespiration, repair of photosystem (PS) II, PSI activity, and ROS homeostasis were altered in response to Na2CO3 stress, which help to improve our understanding of the Na2CO3-responsive mechanisms in halophytes.
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Guo R, Zhao L, Zhang K, Gao D, Yang C. Genome of extreme halophyte Puccinellia tenuiflora. BMC Genomics 2020; 21:311. [PMID: 32306894 PMCID: PMC7168874 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-020-6727-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Puccinellia tenuiflora, a forage grass, is considered a model halophyte given its strong tolerance for multiple stress conditions and its close genetic relationship with cereals. This halophyte has enormous values for improving our understanding of salinity tolerance mechanisms. The genetic information of P. tenuiflora also is a potential resource that can be used for improving the salinity tolerance of cereals. Results Here, we sequenced and assembled the P. tenuiflora genome (2n = 14) through the combined strategy of Illumina, PacBio, and 10× genomic technique. We generated 43.2× PacBio long reads, 123.87× 10× genomic reads, and 312.6× Illumina reads. Finally, we assembled 2638 scaffolds with a total size of 1.107 Gb, contig N50 of 117 kb, and scaffold N50 of 950 kb. We predicted 39,725 protein-coding genes, and identified 692 tRNAs, 68 rRNAs, 702 snRNAs, 1376 microRNAs, and 691 Mb transposable elements. Conclusions We deposited the genome sequence in NCBI and the Genome Warehouse in National Genomics Data Center. Our work may improve current understanding of plant salinity tolerance, and provides extensive genetic resources necessary for improving the salinity and drought tolerance of cereals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Guo
- Key Laboratory of Dryland Agriculture, Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Long Zhao
- Key laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of Ministry of Education (MOE), Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China.,Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Kaijian Zhang
- Beijing Novogene Bioinformatics Technology Ltd, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Dan Gao
- Beijing Novogene Bioinformatics Technology Ltd, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Chunwu Yang
- Key laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of Ministry of Education (MOE), Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China.
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Zhang W, Liu J, Zhang Y, Qiu J, Li Y, Zheng B, Hu F, Dai S, Huang X. A high-quality genome sequence of alkaligrass provides insights into halophyte stress tolerance. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2020; 63:1269-1282. [DOI: 10.1007/s11427-020-1662-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Yang C, Zhao W, Wang Y, Zhang L, Huang S, Lin J. Metabolomics Analysis Reveals the Alkali Tolerance Mechanism in Puccinellia tenuiflora Plants Inoculated with Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi. Microorganisms 2020; 8:E327. [PMID: 32110985 PMCID: PMC7142761 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8030327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Soil alkalization is a major environmental threat that affects plant distribution and yield in northeastern China. Puccinellia tenuiflora is an alkali-tolerant grass species that is used for salt-alkali grassland restoration. However, little is known about the molecular mechanisms by which arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) enhance P. tenuiflora responses to alkali stress. Here, metabolite profiling in P. tenuiflora seedlings with or without arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) under alkali stress was conducted using liquid chromatography combined with time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC/TOF-MS). The results showed that AMF colonization increased seedling biomass under alkali stress. In addition, principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal projections to latent structures discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) demonstrated that non-AM and AM seedlings showed different responses under alkali stress. A heat map analysis showed that the levels of 88 metabolites were significantly changed in non-AM seedlings, but those of only 31 metabolites were significantly changed in AM seedlings. Moreover, the levels of a total of 62 metabolites were significantly changed in P. tenuiflora seedlings after AMF inoculation. The results suggested that AMF inoculation significantly increased amino acid, organic acid, flavonoid and sterol contents to improve osmotic adjustment and maintain cell membrane stability under alkali stress. P. tenuiflora seedlings after AMF inoculation produced more plant hormones (salicylic acid and abscisic acid) than the non-AM seedlings, probably to enhance the antioxidant system and facilitate ion balance under stress conditions. In conclusion, these findings provide new insights into the metabolic mechanisms of P. tenuiflora seedlings with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi under alkali conditions and clarify the role of AM in the molecular regulation of this species under alkali stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunxue Yang
- College of Landscape Architecture, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; (C.Y.); (W.Z.); (Y.W.); (L.Z.); (S.H.)
| | - Wenna Zhao
- College of Landscape Architecture, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; (C.Y.); (W.Z.); (Y.W.); (L.Z.); (S.H.)
| | - Yingnan Wang
- College of Landscape Architecture, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; (C.Y.); (W.Z.); (Y.W.); (L.Z.); (S.H.)
| | - Liang Zhang
- College of Landscape Architecture, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; (C.Y.); (W.Z.); (Y.W.); (L.Z.); (S.H.)
| | - Shouchen Huang
- College of Landscape Architecture, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; (C.Y.); (W.Z.); (Y.W.); (L.Z.); (S.H.)
| | - Jixiang Lin
- College of Landscape Architecture, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; (C.Y.); (W.Z.); (Y.W.); (L.Z.); (S.H.)
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
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Gao J, Liu Z, Zhao B, Liu P, Zhang JW. Physiological and comparative proteomic analysis provides new insights into the effects of shade stress in maize (Zea mays L.). BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 20:60. [PMID: 32024458 PMCID: PMC7003340 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-020-2264-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Shade stress, a universal abiotic stress, suppresses plant growth and production seriously. However, little is known regarding the protein regulatory networks under shade stress. To better characterize the proteomic changes of maize leaves under shade stress, 60% shade (S) and supplementary lighting (L) on cloudy daylight from tasseling stage to physiological maturity stage were designed, the ambient sunlight treatment was used as control (CK). Isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) technology was used to determine the proteome profiles in leaves. RESULTS Shading significantly decreased the SPAD value, net photosynthetic rate, and grain yield. During two experimental years, grain yields of S were reduced by 48 and 47%, and L increased by 6 and 11%, compared to CK. In total, 3958 proteins were identified by iTRAQ, and 2745 proteins were quantified including 349 proteins showed at least 1.2-fold changes in expression levels between treatments and CK. The differentially expressed proteins were classified into photosynthesis, stress defense, energy production, signal transduction, and protein and amino acid metabolism using the Web Gene Ontology Annotation Plot online tool. In addition, these proteins showed significant enrichment of the chloroplasts (58%) and cytosol (21%) for subcellular localization. CONCLUSIONS 60% shade induced the expression of proteins involved in photosynthetic electron transport chain (especially light-harvesting complex) and stress/defense/detoxification. However, the proteins related to calvin cycle, starch and sucrose metabolisms, glycolysis, TCA cycle, and ribosome and protein synthesis were dramatically depressed. Together, our results might help to provide a valuable resource for protein function analysis and also clarify the proteomic and physiological mechanism of maize underlying shade stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology and College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018 People’s Republic of China
| | - Zheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology and College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018 People’s Republic of China
| | - Bin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology and College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018 People’s Republic of China
| | - Peng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology and College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018 People’s Republic of China
| | - Ji-Wang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology and College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018 People’s Republic of China
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Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Yu J, Zhang H, Wang L, Wang S, Guo S, Miao Y, Chen S, Li Y, Dai S. NaCl-responsive ROS scavenging and energy supply in alkaligrass callus revealed from proteomic analysis. BMC Genomics 2019; 20:990. [PMID: 31847807 PMCID: PMC6918623 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-019-6325-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Salinity has obvious effects on plant growth and crop productivity. The salinity-responsive mechanisms have been well-studied in differentiated organs (e.g., leaves, roots and stems), but not in unorganized cells such as callus. High-throughput quantitative proteomics approaches have been used to investigate callus development, somatic embryogenesis, organogenesis, and stress response in numbers of plant species. However, they have not been applied to callus from monocotyledonous halophyte alkaligrass (Puccinellia tenuifora). RESULTS The alkaligrass callus growth, viability and membrane integrity were perturbed by 50 mM and 150 mM NaCl treatments. Callus cells accumulated the proline, soluble sugar and glycine betaine for the maintenance of osmotic homeostasis. Importantly, the activities of ROS scavenging enzymes (e.g., SOD, APX, POD, GPX, MDHAR and GR) and antioxidants (e.g., ASA, DHA and GSH) were induced by salinity. The abundance patterns of 55 salt-responsive proteins indicate that salt signal transduction, cytoskeleton, ROS scavenging, energy supply, gene expression, protein synthesis and processing, as well as other basic metabolic processes were altered in callus to cope with the stress. CONCLUSIONS The undifferentiated callus exhibited unique salinity-responsive mechanisms for ROS scavenging and energy supply. Activation of the POD pathway and AsA-GSH cycle was universal in callus and differentiated organs, but salinity-induced SOD pathway and salinity-reduced CAT pathway in callus were different from those in leaves and roots. To cope with salinity, callus mainly relied on glycolysis, but not the TCA cycle, for energy supply.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongxue Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration (Northeast Forestry University), Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
- Development Center of Plant Germplasm Resources, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration (Northeast Forestry University), Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Juanjuan Yu
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration (Northeast Forestry University), Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China
| | - Heng Zhang
- Development Center of Plant Germplasm Resources, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Liyue Wang
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration (Northeast Forestry University), Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Sining Wang
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration (Northeast Forestry University), Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Siyi Guo
- Institute of Plant Stress Biology, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Department of Biology, Henan University, Kaifeng, 455000, China
| | - Yuchen Miao
- Institute of Plant Stress Biology, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Department of Biology, Henan University, Kaifeng, 455000, China
| | - Sixue Chen
- Department of Biology, Genetics Institute, Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Interdisciplinary Center for Biotechnology Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Ying Li
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration (Northeast Forestry University), Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China.
| | - Shaojun Dai
- Development Center of Plant Germplasm Resources, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China.
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Physiological and Proteomic Analyses Reveal Adaptive Mechanisms of Ryegrass (Annual vs. Perennial) Seedlings to Salt Stress. AGRONOMY-BASEL 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/agronomy9120843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Ryegrass has a relatively high salt tolerance and is considered to be a promising species for both foraging and turf purposes in salt-affected soils in China. While annual ryegrass and perennial ryegrass are two different species, they have similar genomes. However, little is known about their physiological and molecular response mechanisms to salinity stress. Here, biomass, chlorophyll fluorescence, and inorganic ion and organic solute content were measured. 2-DE-based proteomic technology was then used to identify the differentially expressed proteins in the salt-treated seedlings. The results showed that salt stress reduced growth and photosynthesis in the seedlings of both species, but much more so in annual ryegrass. With increasing salinity, the Na+ concentration increased while the K+ concentration decreased in both species, and the sugars and proline increased as the primary organic solutes used to cope with osmotic stress. Additionally, proteomic analysis revealed 33 and 37 differentially expressed proteins in annual and perennial ryegrass, respectively. Most of the identified proteins were involved in carbohydrate and energy metabolism, photosynthesis, genetic information processes, amino acid metabolism, stress defense, and protein synthesis and folding. The results suggest that the two-ryegrass species had different physiological and proteomic responses. These findings can provide new insights into physiological mechanisms by which ryegrass species respond to salt stress.
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Wang Y, Peng X, Salvato F, Wang Y, Yan X, Zhou Z, Lin J. Salt-adaptive strategies in oil seed crop Ricinus communis early seedlings (cotyledon vs. true leaf) revealed from proteomics analysis. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 171:12-25. [PMID: 30593996 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.12.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Soil salinity is a major abiotic stress affecting crop growth and productivity. Ricinus communis has good salt tolerance and is also an important oilseed crop throughout the world. Early seedling stage (such as cotyledon expansion stage) is the most vulnerable period for plant under stresses. However, little information exist concerning the physiological and molecular mechanisms of Ricinus communis seedlings and the role play by cotyledons and true leaf under salt stress. In the present study, biomass, photosynthesis, chlorophyll fluorescence, inorganic ions and organic solutes contents were measured, and two dimensional gel electrophoresis-based proteomic technology was employed to identify the differentially abundant proteins in the salt-treated Ricinus communis cotyledons and true leaves. The results showed that salt stress reduced growth and photosynthesis in the seedlings. With increasing salinity, the Na+ content increased and K+ content decreased in both cotyledons and leaves, but the true leaves had lower Na+ and higher K+ contents. Soluble sugars and proline are the primary organic solutes to cope with osmotic stress. In addition, proteomic analysis revealed 30 and 42 differentially accumulated protein spots in castor cotyledon and true leaf under salt stress, respectively. Most of the identified proteins were involved in carbohydrate and energy metabolism, photosynthesis, genetic information process, reactive oxygen species metabolism, amino acid metabolism and cell structure. The physiological and proteomic results highlighted that cotyledons accumulated a large number of Na+ and provided more energy to help true leaves cope with salt stress. The true leaves saved carbon structures to synthesize osmotic substances, and the enhancement of chlorophyll synthesis and electron transfer in true leaves could also maintain photosynthesis under salt stress. These findings provide new insights into different physiological mechanisms in cotyledon and true leaf of Ricinus communis response to salt stress during early seedling stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingnan Wang
- Alkali Soil Natural Environmental Science Center, Northeast Forestry University/Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, Harbin 150040, China; Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Peng
- Alkali Soil Natural Environmental Science Center, Northeast Forestry University/Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Fernanda Salvato
- Department of Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7716, USA
| | - Yongcui Wang
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Xiufeng Yan
- Alkali Soil Natural Environmental Science Center, Northeast Forestry University/Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Zhiqiang Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Jixiang Lin
- Alkali Soil Natural Environmental Science Center, Northeast Forestry University/Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, Harbin 150040, China; Department of Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7716, USA.
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