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Kurnaz SÇ, Tahir E, Uştu EK, Ertuğrul T, Tütüncü Ş. Histological Effect of Emodin on Acute Vocal Fold Injury in a Rat Model. J Voice 2023:S0892-1997(23)00300-4. [PMID: 37951816 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvoice.2023.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Emodin has beneficial effects on wound healing and reduces excessive fibrosis during tissue regeneration. Its positive effects on the wound-healing process were demonstrated on human fibroblasts. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effectiveness of emodin application on acute vocal fold injury. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-four Wistar albino rats were divided into three groups: control, sham, and emodin group. The glottis was examined using a 30°-2.7 mm diameter telescope, and vocal folds was unilaterally wounded by a microscissor through the entire layer of the lamina propria down to the vocalis muscle. While no procedure(no acute injury of the vocal fold or an injection of saline/emodin) was applied to the control group, 0.5 cc of saline was injected into the sham group and 0.5 cc of emodin in the emodin group, just lateral to the vocal folds, with 27 gauge injectors. Animals were sacrificed on the 21st day after the procedure. After excised larynx experiments, serial sections were prepared from the vocal fold. Hematoxylin eosin and immunohistochemical staining were performed and fibroblast density, lamina propria thickness, and vessel formation were graded from 0 (none) to 3 (severe reaction). Transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) staining was used for immunohistochemical examinations. Four-point scoring scale for intensity being scored as 0 (no staining) to 3 (severeley stained) to quantify immonuhistochemical reaction. This scoring system was applied to vocal fold epithelium, lamina propria, vessel wall, and vocalis muscle tissues. The groups were compared with the Kruskal Wallis and Dunn tests. RESULTS Histologically, there was no significant difference (P > 0.05) between the sham group and the emodin group in terms of fibroblast density, vessel formation, and lamina propria thickness. These parameters were higher (P < 0.05) in both groups compared to the control group. In the lamina propria and vessel wall, MMP-9 staining was more intense in the emodin group than in the sham group. TGF-β1 staining of lamina propria, epithelial tissue, and vocalis muscle was significantly more intense in the emodin group than in the other groups. CONCLUSION Emodin induced MMP-9 and TGF-1 staining in the vocalis muscle and epithelium, as well as TGF-1 staining in the lamina propria. In terms of fibroblast density, new vascular creation, and LP thickness in acute vocal fold damage, there was no difference between saline administration and emodin injection. It may increase fibroblast activation in the acute phase of wound healing, but its long-term effects should be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senem Ç Kurnaz
- Ondokuz Mayıs University Faculty of Medicine Department of Otolaryngology, Samsun, Türkiye
| | - Emel Tahir
- Ondokuz Mayıs University Faculty of Medicine Department of Otolaryngology, Samsun, Türkiye.
| | - Esra K Uştu
- Ondokuz Mayıs University Faculty of Medicine Department of Otolaryngology, Samsun, Türkiye
| | - Tuğrul Ertuğrul
- Ondokuz Mayıs University Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Department of Histology, Samsun, Türkiye
| | - Şerife Tütüncü
- Ondokuz Mayıs University Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Department of Histology, Samsun, Türkiye
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Grossmann T, Kirsch A, Grill M, Steffan B, Karbiener M, Brcic L, Darnhofer B, Birner-Gruenberger R, Gugatschka M. Introducing a new type of alternative laryngeal mucosa model. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0287634. [PMID: 37390090 PMCID: PMC10313048 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0287634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Research of human vocal fold (VF) biology is hampered by several factors. The sensitive microstructure of the VF mucosa is one of them and limits the in vivo research, as biopsies carry a very high risk of scarring. A laryngeal organotypic model consisting of VF epithelial cells and VF fibroblasts (VFF) may overcome some of these limitations. In contrast to human VFF, which are available in several forms, availability of VF epithelial cells is scarce. Buccal mucosa might be a good alternative source for epithelial cells, as it is easily accessible, and biopsies heal without scarring. For this project, we thus generated alternative constructs consisting of immortalized human VF fibroblasts and primary human buccal epithelial cells. The constructs (n = 3) were compared to native laryngeal mucosa at the histological and proteomic level. The engineered constructs reassembled into a mucosa-like structure after a cultivation period of 35 days. Immunohistochemical staining confirmed a multi-layered stratified epithelium, a collagen type IV positive barrier-like structure resembling the basement membrane, and an underlying layer containing VFF. Proteomic analysis resulted in a total number of 1961 identified and quantified proteins. Of these, 83.8% were detected in both native VF and constructs, with only 53 proteins having significantly different abundance. 15.3% of detected proteins were identified in native VF mucosa only, most likely due to endothelial, immune and muscle cells within the VF samples, while 0.9% were found only in the constructs. Based on easily available cell sources, we demonstrate that our laryngeal mucosa model shares many characteristics with native VF mucosa. It provides an alternative and reproducible in vitro model and offers many research opportunities ranging from the study of VF biology to the testing of interventions (e.g. drug testing).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Grossmann
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Division of Phoniatrics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Andrijana Kirsch
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Division of Phoniatrics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Magdalena Grill
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Division of Phoniatrics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Barbara Steffan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Division of Phoniatrics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Michael Karbiener
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Division of Phoniatrics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Luka Brcic
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of Pathology, Diagnostic and Research Center of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Barbara Darnhofer
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of Pathology, Diagnostic and Research Center of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed-Graz, The Omics Center Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Ruth Birner-Gruenberger
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of Pathology, Diagnostic and Research Center of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed-Graz, The Omics Center Graz, Graz, Austria
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Technische Universität Wien, Vienna, Austria
| | - Markus Gugatschka
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Division of Phoniatrics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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Velier M, Mattei A, Simoncini S, Magalon J, Giraudo L, Arnaud L, Giovanni A, Dignat-George F, Sabatier F, Gugatschka M, Grossmann T. Paracrine Effects of Adipose-Derived Cellular Therapies in an in Vitro Fibrogenesis Model of Human Vocal Fold Scarring. J Voice 2022:S0892-1997(22)00145-X. [PMID: 35710603 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvoice.2022.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS Vocal folds (VF) scarring leads to severe dysphonia which negatively impacts daily life of patients. Current therapeutic options are limited due in large part to the high complexity of the micro-structure of the VF. Innovative therapies derived from adipose tissue such as stromal vascular fraction (SVF) or adipose derived stromal/ stem cells (ASC) are currently being evaluated in this indication and paracrine anti-fibrotic effects are considered as predominant mechanisms. METHODS The paracrine anti-fibrotic effects of SVF and ASC from healthy donors were tested in an innovative in vitro fibrogenesis model employing human VF fiboblasts (hVFF) and the principles of macromolecular crowding (MMC). Biosynthesis of collogen and alpha-smooth-muscle actin (αSMA) expression in hVFF were quantified after five days of indirect coculture with ASC or SVF using silver stain, western blot and RT-qPCR analysis. RESULTS Fibrogenesis was promoted by addition of transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGFβ1) combined with MMC characterized by an enhanced deposition of fibrillar collagens and the acquisition of a myofibroblast phenotype (overexpression of αSMA). Adipose-derived therapies led to a reduction in the αSMA expression and the collagen content was lower in hVFF co-cultivated with SVF. CONCLUSIONS ASC and SVF promoted significant prevention of fibrosis in an in vitro fibrogenesis model through paracrine mechanisms, supporting further development of adipose-derived cellular therapies in VF scarring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélanie Velier
- Aix Marseille Univ, Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Medicale, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Centre recherche en CardioVasculaire et Nutrition, Marseille, France; Cell Therapy Department, Hôpital de la Conception, Marseille, France
| | - Alexia Mattei
- APHM, La Conception University Hospital, Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Laboratoire Parole et Language, Aix-en-Provence, France.
| | - Stéphanie Simoncini
- Aix Marseille Univ, Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Medicale, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Centre recherche en CardioVasculaire et Nutrition, Marseille, France
| | - Jérémy Magalon
- Aix Marseille Univ, Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Medicale, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Centre recherche en CardioVasculaire et Nutrition, Marseille, France; Cell Therapy Department, Hôpital de la Conception, Marseille, France
| | - Laurent Giraudo
- Cell Therapy Department, Hôpital de la Conception, Marseille, France
| | - Laurent Arnaud
- Cell Therapy Department, Hôpital de la Conception, Marseille, France
| | - Antoine Giovanni
- APHM, La Conception University Hospital, Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Laboratoire Parole et Language, Aix-en-Provence, France
| | - Francoise Dignat-George
- Aix Marseille Univ, Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Medicale, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Centre recherche en CardioVasculaire et Nutrition, Marseille, France; Cell Therapy Department, Hôpital de la Conception, Marseille, France
| | - Florence Sabatier
- Aix Marseille Univ, Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Medicale, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Centre recherche en CardioVasculaire et Nutrition, Marseille, France; Cell Therapy Department, Hôpital de la Conception, Marseille, France
| | - Markus Gugatschka
- Division of Phoniatrics, ENT University Hospital Graz, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Tanja Grossmann
- Division of Phoniatrics, ENT University Hospital Graz, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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do Nascimento NC, Dos Santos AP, Mohallem R, Aryal UK, Xie J, Cox A, Sivasankar MP. Furosemide-induced systemic dehydration alters the proteome of rabbit vocal folds. J Proteomics 2022; 252:104431. [PMID: 34823036 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2021.104431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Whole-body dehydration (i.e., systemic dehydration) leads to vocal fold tissue dehydration. Furosemide, a common diuretic prescribed to treat hypertension and edema-associated conditions, induces systemic dehydration. Furosemide also causes voice changes in human speakers, making this method of systemic dehydration particularly interesting for vocal fold dehydration studies. Our objective was to obtain a comprehensive proteome of vocal folds following furosemide-induced systemic dehydration. New Zealand White rabbits were used as the animal model and randomly assigned to euhydrated (control) or furosemide-dehydrated groups. Systemic dehydration, induced by injectable furosemide, was verified by an average body weight loss of -5.5% and significant percentage changes in blood analytes in the dehydrated rabbits compared to controls. Vocal fold specimens, including mucosa and muscle, were processed for proteomic analysis using label-free quantitation LC-MS/MS. Over 1600 proteins were successfully identified across all vocal fold samples; and associated with a variety of cellular components and ubiquitous cell functions. Protein levels were compared between groups showing 32 proteins differentially regulated (p ≤ 0.05) in the dehydrated vocal folds. These are mainly involved with mitochondrial translation and metabolism. The downregulation of proteins involved in mitochondrial metabolism in the vocal folds suggests a mechanism to prevent oxidative stress associated with systemic dehydration. SIGNIFICANCE: Voice disorders affect different population demographics worldwide with one in 13 adults in the United States reporting voice problems annually. Vocal fold systemic hydration is clinically recognized for preventing and treating voice problems and depends on optimal body hydration primarily achieved by water intake. Herein, we use the rabbit as a translatable animal model, and furosemide as a translatable method of systemic dehydration, to reveal a comprehensive proteomic profile of vocal fold mucosa and muscle in response to systemic dehydration. The significant subset of proteins differentially regulated due to furosemide-induced dehydration offer novel insights into the molecular mechanisms of systemic dehydration in the vocal folds. These findings also deepen our understanding of changes to tissue biology after diuretic administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naila Cannes do Nascimento
- Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette 47907, IN, United States.
| | - Andrea Pires Dos Santos
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette 47907, IN, United States
| | - Rodrigo Mohallem
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette 47907, IN, United States; Purdue Proteomics Facility, Bindley Bioscience Center, Discovery Park, Purdue University, West Lafayette 47907, IN, United States
| | - Uma K Aryal
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette 47907, IN, United States; Purdue Proteomics Facility, Bindley Bioscience Center, Discovery Park, Purdue University, West Lafayette 47907, IN, United States
| | - Jun Xie
- Department of Statistics, Purdue University, West Lafayette 47907, IN, United States
| | - Abigail Cox
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette 47907, IN, United States
| | - M Preeti Sivasankar
- Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette 47907, IN, United States
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5
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Mattei A, Bertrand B, Jouve E, Blaise T, Philandrianos C, Grimaud F, Giraudo L, Aboudou H, Dumoulin C, Arnaud L, Revis J, Galant C, Velier M, Veran J, Dignat-George F, Dessi P, Sabatier F, Magalon J, Giovanni A. Feasibility of First Injection of Autologous Adipose Tissue-Derived Stromal Vascular Fraction in Human Scarred Vocal Folds: A Nonrandomized Controlled Trial. JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2021; 146:355-363. [PMID: 32053141 DOI: 10.1001/jamaoto.2019.4328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Importance Patients with scarred vocal folds, whether congenitally or after phonosurgery, often exhibit dysphonia that negatively affects daily life and is difficult to treat. The autologous adipose tissue-derived stromal vascular fraction (ADSVF) is a readily accessible source of cells with angiogenic, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and regenerative properties. Objective To evaluate the feasibility and tolerability of local injections of autologous ADSVF in patients with scarred vocal folds. Design, Setting, and Participants CELLCORDES (Innovative Treatment for Scarred Vocal Cords by Local Injection of Autologous Stromal Vascular Fraction) is a prospective, open-label, single-arm, single-center, nonrandomized controlled trial with a 12-month follow-up and patient enrollment from April 1, 2016, to June 30, 2017. Eight patients with severe dysphonia attributable to vocal fold scarring associated with a congenital malformation or resulting from microsurgical sequelae (voice handicap index score >60 of 120) completed the study. Data analysis was performed from September 1, 2018, to January 1, 2019. Interventions Injection of ADSVF into 1 or 2 vocal folds. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcomes were feasibility and the number and severity of adverse events associated with ADSVF-based therapy. The secondary outcomes were changes in vocal assessment, videolaryngostroboscopy, self-evaluation of dysphonia, and quality of life at 1, 6, and 12 months after cell therapy. Results Seven women and 1 man (mean [SD] age, 44.6 [10.4] years) were enrolled in this study. Adverse events associated with liposuction and ADSVF injection occurred; most of them resolved spontaneously. One patient received minor treatment to drain local bruising, and another experienced a minor contour defect at the liposuction site. At 12 months, the voice handicap index score was improved in all patients, with a mean (SD) improvement from baseline of 40.1 (21.5) points. Seven patients (88%) were considered to be responders, defined as improvement by 18 points or more in the voice handicap index score (the minimum clinically important difference). Conclusions and Relevance The findings suggest that autologous ADSVF injection in scarred vocal folds is feasible and tolerable. The findings require confirmation in a randomized clinical trial with a larger population. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02622464.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexia Mattei
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, La Conception University Hospital, Marseille, France.,Laboratoire Parole et Langage, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Aix Marseille University, Aix-en-Provence, France
| | - Baptiste Bertrand
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, La Conception University Hospital, Marseille, France
| | - Elisabeth Jouve
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale, Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes, Service de Pharmacologie Clinique et Pharmacovigilance, Centre d'Investigation Clinique Centre de Pharmacologie Clinique et d'Évaluation Thérapeutique, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Théo Blaise
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale, Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes, Service de Pharmacologie Clinique et Pharmacovigilance, Centre d'Investigation Clinique Centre de Pharmacologie Clinique et d'Évaluation Thérapeutique, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Cécile Philandrianos
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, La Conception University Hospital, Marseille, France
| | - Fanny Grimaud
- Cell Therapy Department, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale, La Conception University Hospital, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Laurent Giraudo
- Cell Therapy Department, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale, La Conception University Hospital, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Houssein Aboudou
- Cell Therapy Department, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale, La Conception University Hospital, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Chloé Dumoulin
- Cell Therapy Department, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale, La Conception University Hospital, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Laurent Arnaud
- Cell Therapy Department, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale, La Conception University Hospital, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Joana Revis
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, La Conception University Hospital, Marseille, France.,Laboratoire Parole et Langage, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Aix Marseille University, Aix-en-Provence, France
| | - Camille Galant
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, La Conception University Hospital, Marseille, France.,Laboratoire Parole et Langage, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Aix Marseille University, Aix-en-Provence, France
| | - Mélanie Velier
- Cell Therapy Department, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale, La Conception University Hospital, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France.,Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Aix Marseille University, Centre Recherche en CardioVasculaire et Nutrition, Marseille, France
| | - Julie Veran
- Cell Therapy Department, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale, La Conception University Hospital, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Françoise Dignat-George
- Cell Therapy Department, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale, La Conception University Hospital, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France.,Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Aix Marseille University, Centre Recherche en CardioVasculaire et Nutrition, Marseille, France
| | - Patrick Dessi
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, La Conception University Hospital, Marseille, France.,French National Centre for Scientific Research, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Etablissement Français du Sang, Anthropologie bio-culturelle, Droit, Ethique et Santé, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Florence Sabatier
- Cell Therapy Department, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale, La Conception University Hospital, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France.,Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Aix Marseille University, Centre Recherche en CardioVasculaire et Nutrition, Marseille, France
| | - Jérémy Magalon
- Cell Therapy Department, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale, La Conception University Hospital, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France.,Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Aix Marseille University, Centre Recherche en CardioVasculaire et Nutrition, Marseille, France
| | - Antoine Giovanni
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, La Conception University Hospital, Marseille, France.,Laboratoire Parole et Langage, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Aix Marseille University, Aix-en-Provence, France
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Hortobagyi D, Grossmann T, Tschernitz M, Grill M, Kirsch A, Gerstenberger C, Gugatschka M. In vitro mechanical vibration down-regulates pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic signaling in human vocal fold fibroblasts. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0241901. [PMID: 33211714 PMCID: PMC7676657 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0241901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Voice rest following phonotrauma or phonosurgery has a considerable clinical impact, but clinical recommendations are inconsistent due to inconclusive data. As biopsies of the vocal folds (VF) for molecular biology studies in humans are unethical, we established a new in vitro model to explore the effects of vibration on human vocal fold fibroblasts (hVFF) in an inflammatory and normal state, which is based on previously published models. METHODS By using a phonomimetic bioreactor we were able to apply predefined vibrational stress patterns on hVFF cultured under inflammatory or normal conditions. Inflammatory and pro-fibrotic stimuli were induced by interleukin (IL)1β and transforming growth factor (TGF)β1, respectively. Mechanical stimulation was applied four hours daily, over a period of 72 hours. Outcome measurements comprised assessment of extracellular matrix (ECM)-related components, angiogenic factors, and inflammatory and fibrogenic markers on gene expression and protein levels. RESULTS Under inflammatory conditions, the inflammatory cytokine IL11, as well as the myofibroblast marker alpha smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) were significantly reduced when additional vibration was applied. The desirable anti-fibrotic ECM component hyaluronic acid was increased following cytokine treatment, but was not diminished following vibration. CONCLUSION Our experiments revealed the effect of vibrational stress on hVFF in an inflammatory state. Elevated levels of certain pro-inflammatory/pro-fibrotic factors could be mitigated by additional vibrational excitation in an in vitro setting. These findings corroborate clinical studies which recommend early voice activation following an acute event.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Hortobagyi
- Division of Phoniatrics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Tanja Grossmann
- Division of Phoniatrics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | | | - Magdalena Grill
- Division of Phoniatrics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Andrijana Kirsch
- Division of Phoniatrics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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7
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Soleyman NM, Darnhofer B, Gruenberger RB, Abnous K, Borji H. Proteomic analysis of soluble protein extract of adult Toxocara cati. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2020; 73:101528. [PMID: 32911377 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2020.101528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Toxocara cati is a cat roundworm and the causative agent of toxocariasis as a cosmopolitan zoonotic disease. As no information has been reported so far, identification of T. cati proteins can be useful for the development of new diagnostic strategies. This study was conducted to identify the major proteins in the adult T. cati tegument using bi-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) and shotgun proteomics. A total proteins were identified, among them the metabolic enzymes were the largest group, including: Enolase, triose phosphate isomerase, fructose-bisphosphate aldolase, aldehyde dehydrogenase. The other important protein groups recognized in T. cati, belong to the HSP-family, the structure and motor proteins, such as actin. The role of these proteins have been implicated in parasite-host interactions and modulating cellular immune response, immune regulation in evasion mechanisms of the host immune response. Characterizing T. cati adult proteins play a key role not only in host-parasite interactions, but also in the discovery of drug targets, subunit vaccines against toxocariasis, immunodiagnostic kits for toxocariasis and the identification of novel immuno-modulators that can form the next generation of therapeutic possibilities for inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nooshin Mehra Soleyman
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Ruth Birner Gruenberger
- Austrian Center of Industrial Biotechnology, Graz, Austria; Diagnostic and Research Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Austria; Omics Center Graz, BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria; Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Vienna, Austria
| | - Khalil Abnous
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Hassan Borji
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran.
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8
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Cannes do Nascimento N, dos Santos AP, Sivasankar MP, Cox A. Unraveling the molecular pathobiology of vocal fold systemic dehydration using an in vivo rabbit model. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0236348. [PMID: 32735560 PMCID: PMC7394397 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0236348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Vocal folds are a viscoelastic multilayered structure responsible for voice production. Vocal fold epithelial damage may weaken the protection of deeper layers of lamina propria and thyroarytenoid muscle and impair voice production. Systemic dehydration can adversely affect vocal function by creating suboptimal biomechanical conditions for vocal fold vibration. However, the molecular pathobiology of systemically dehydrated vocal folds is poorly understood. We used an in vivo rabbit model to investigate the complete gene expression profile of systemically dehydrated vocal folds. The RNA-Seq based transcriptome revealed 203 differentially expressed (DE) vocal fold genes due to systemic dehydration. Interestingly, function enrichment analysis showed downregulation of genes involved in cell adhesion, cell junction, inflammation, and upregulation of genes involved in cell proliferation. RT-qPCR validation was performed for a subset of DE genes and confirmed the downregulation of DSG1, CDH3, NECTIN1, SDC1, S100A9, SPINK5, ECM1, IL1A, and IL36A genes. In addition, the upregulation of the transcription factor NR4A3 gene involved in epithelial cell proliferation was validated. Taken together, these results suggest an alteration of the vocal fold epithelial barrier independent of inflammation, which could indicate a disruption and remodeling of the epithelial barrier integrity. This transcriptome provides a first global picture of the molecular changes in vocal fold tissue in response to systemic dehydration. The alterations observed at the transcriptional level help to understand the pathobiology of dehydration in voice function and highlight the benefits of hydration in voice therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naila Cannes do Nascimento
- Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States of America
- * E-mail: (NCN); (AC)
| | - Andrea P. dos Santos
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States of America
| | - M. Preeti Sivasankar
- Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Abigail Cox
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States of America
- * E-mail: (NCN); (AC)
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9
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Grossmann T, Steffan B, Kirsch A, Grill M, Gerstenberger C, Gugatschka M. Exploring the Pathophysiology of Reinke's Edema: The Cellular Impact of Cigarette Smoke and Vibration. Laryngoscope 2020; 131:E547-E554. [PMID: 32569447 PMCID: PMC7818424 DOI: 10.1002/lary.28855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Objectives To explore the isolated or combined effects of cigarette smoke extract (CSE) and vibration on human vocal fold fibroblasts (hVFF) in an in vitro setting in order to elucidate their influence in the pathophysiology of Reinke's edema (RE). Study design Immortalized hVFF were exposed to CSE or control medium under static or vibrational conditions. A phonomimetic bioreactor was used to deliver vibrational patterns to hVFF over a period of 5 days. Methods Cytotoxicity was quantified using a lactate dehydrogenase assay. We employed reverse transcription–quantitative polymerase chain reaction, enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, and Magnetic Luminex(R) assays (R&D Systems, Minneapolis, MN) to assess the influence on extracellular matrix production, fibrogenesis, inflammation, and angiogenesis. Results We observed significant changes induced by CSE alone (hyaluronic acid, matrix metalloproteinase 1, Interleukin‐8, cyclooxygenase [COX]1, COX2, vascular endothelial growth factor [VEGF]D), as well as settings in which only the combination of CSE and vibration led to significant changes (transforming growth factor beta 1, VEGFA, VEGFC). Also, CSE‐induced levels of COX2 were only significantly reduced when vibration was applied. Conclusion We were able to explore the cellular effects of CSE and vibration on hVFF by employing a phonomimetic bioreactor. Whereas cigarette smoke is generally accepted as a risk factor for RE, the role of vibration remained unclear as it is difficult to study in humans. Our data showed that some genes and proteins in the pathophysiological context of RE were only affected when CSE in combination with vibration was applied. Level of Evidence NA Laryngoscope, 131:E547–E554, 2021
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Grossmann
- Division of PhoniatricsMedical University of GrazGrazAustria
| | - Barbara Steffan
- Division of PhoniatricsMedical University of GrazGrazAustria
| | | | - Magdalena Grill
- Division of PhoniatricsMedical University of GrazGrazAustria
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10
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Mora-Navarro C, Badileanu A, Gracioso Martins AM, Ozpinar EW, Gaffney L, Huntress I, Harrell E, Enders JR, Peng X, Branski RC, Freytes DO. Porcine Vocal Fold Lamina Propria-Derived Biomaterials Modulate TGF-β1-Mediated Fibroblast Activation in Vitro. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2020; 6:1690-1703. [PMID: 33455360 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.9b01837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The vocal fold lamina propria (VFLP), one of the outermost layers of the vocal fold (VF), is composed of tissue-specific extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins and is highly susceptible to injury. Various biomaterials have been clinically tested to treat voice disorders (e.g., hydrogels, fat, and hyaluronic acid), but satisfactory recovery of the VF functionality remains elusive. Fibrosis or scar formation in the VF is a major challenge, and the development and refinement of novel therapeutics that promote the healing and normal function of the VF are needed. Injectable hydrogels derived from native tissues have been previously reported with major advantages over synthetic hydrogels, including constructive tissue remodeling and reduced scar tissue formation. This study aims to characterize the composition of a decellularized porcine VFLP-ECM scaffold and the cytocompatibility and potential antifibrotic properties of a hydrogel derived from VFLP-ECM. In addition, we isolated potential matrix-bound vesicles (MBVs) and macromolecules from the VFLP-ECM that also downregulated smooth muscle actin ACTA2 under transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1) stimulation. The results provide evidence of the unique protein composition of the VFLP-ECM and the potential link between the components of the VFLP-ECM and the inhibition of TGF-β1 signaling observed in vitro when transformed into injectable forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilo Mora-Navarro
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University/ University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States.,Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Andreea Badileanu
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University/ University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States.,Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Ana M Gracioso Martins
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University/ University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States.,Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Emily W Ozpinar
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University/ University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States.,Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Lewis Gaffney
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University/ University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States.,Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Ian Huntress
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Erin Harrell
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Jeffrey R Enders
- Molecular Education, Technology and Research Innovation Center, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Xinxia Peng
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States.,Bioinformatics Research Center, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Ryan C Branski
- NYU Voice Center, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016-6402, United States
| | - Donald O Freytes
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University/ University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States.,Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
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11
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Kim JM, Kim JH, Shin SC, Park GC, Kim HS, Kim K, Kim HK, Han J, Mishchenko NP, Vasileva EA, Fedoreyev SA, Stonik VA, Lee BJ. The Protective Effect of Echinochrome A on Extracellular Matrix of Vocal Folds in Ovariectomized Rats. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:md18020077. [PMID: 31991543 PMCID: PMC7073970 DOI: 10.3390/md18020077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we investigated the effects of sex hormones on extracellular matrix (ECM)-related gene expression in the vocal fold lamina propria of ovariectomized (after ovary removal) rats and verified whether echinochrome A (ECH) exerts any therapeutic effects on ECM reconstitution after estrogen deficiency in ovariectomized rats. Sprague–Dawley female rats (9 weeks old) were acclimatized for a week and randomly divided into three groups (n = 15 each group) as follows: group I (sham-operated rats, SHAM), group II (ovariectomized rats, OVX), group III (ovariectomized rats treated with ECH, OVX + ECH). Rats from the OVX + ECH group were intraperitoneally injected with ECH at 10 mg/kg thrice a week after surgery for 6 weeks. And rats were sacrificed 6 weeks after ovariectomy. Estradiol levels decreased in OVX group compared with the SHAM group. ECH treatment had no effect on the levels of estradiol and expression of estrogen receptor β (ERβ). The evaluation of ECM components showed no significant changes in elastin and hyaluronic acid levels between the different groups. Collagen I and III levels were lower in OVX group than in SHAM group but increased in OVX + ECH group. The mRNA levels of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1, -2, -8, and -9 were significantly higher in the OVX group than in the SHAM group, but decreased in the OVX + ECH group. Thus, changes were observed in ECM-related genes in the OVX group upon estradiol deficiency that were ameliorated by ECH administration. Thus, the vocal fold is an estradiol-sensitive target organ and ECH may have protective effects on the ECM of vocal folds in ovariectomized rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Min Kim
- Pusan National University School of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea;
| | - Jeong Hun Kim
- Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan 49241, Korea;
| | - Sung-Chan Shin
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery and Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan 49241, Korea;
| | - Gi Cheol Park
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Samsung Changwon Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Changwon 51353, Korea;
| | - Hyung Sik Kim
- Department of Life Science in Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea;
- Institute for Translational Dental Science, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea
| | - Keunyoung Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan 49241, Korea;
| | - Hyoung Kyu Kim
- National Research Laboratory for Mitochondrial Signaling, Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center (CMDC), Inje University, Busan 47391, Korea; (H.K.K.); (J.H.)
| | - Jin Han
- National Research Laboratory for Mitochondrial Signaling, Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center (CMDC), Inje University, Busan 47391, Korea; (H.K.K.); (J.H.)
| | - Natalia P. Mishchenko
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far-Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia; (N.P.M.); (E.A.V.); (S.A.F.); (V.A.S.)
| | - Elena A. Vasileva
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far-Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia; (N.P.M.); (E.A.V.); (S.A.F.); (V.A.S.)
| | - Sergey A. Fedoreyev
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far-Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia; (N.P.M.); (E.A.V.); (S.A.F.); (V.A.S.)
| | - Valentin A. Stonik
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far-Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia; (N.P.M.); (E.A.V.); (S.A.F.); (V.A.S.)
| | - Byung-Joo Lee
- Pusan National University School of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea;
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery and Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan 49241, Korea;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-51-240-7528; Fax: +82-51-240-2162
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12
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Gugatschka M, Darnhofer B, Grossmann T, Schittmayer M, Hortobagyi D, Kirsch A, Karpf E, Brcic L, Birner-Gruenberger R, Karbiener M. Proteomic Analysis of Vocal Fold Fibroblasts Exposed to Cigarette Smoke Extract: Exploring the Pathophysiology of Reinke's Edema. Mol Cell Proteomics 2019; 18:1511-1525. [PMID: 31123107 PMCID: PMC6683006 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.ra119.001272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Reinke's edema is a smoking-associated, benign, mostly bilateral lesion of the vocal folds leading to difficulties in breathing and voice problems. Pronounced histological changes such as damaged microvessels or immune cell infiltration have been described in the vocal fold connective tissue, the lamina propria Thus, vocal fold fibroblasts, the main cell type of the lamina propria, have been postulated to play a critical role in disease mediation. Yet information about the pathophysiology is still scarce and treatment is only surgical, i.e. symptomatic. To explore the pathophysiology of Reinke's edema, we exposed near-primary human vocal fold fibroblasts to medium conditioned with cigarette smoke extract for 24 h as well as 4 days followed by quantitative mass spectrometry.Proteomic analyses after 24 h revealed that cigarette smoke increased proteins previously described to be involved in oxidative stress responses in other contexts. Correspondingly, gene sets linked to metabolism of xenobiotics and reactive oxygen species were significantly enriched among cigarette smoke-induced proteins. Among the proteins most downregulated by cigarette smoke, we identified fibrillar collagens COL1A1 and COL1A2; this reduction was validated by complementary methods. Further, we found a significant increase of UDP-glucose 6-dehydrogenase, generating a building block for biosynthesis of hyaluronan, another crucial component of the vocal fold lamina propria In line with this result, hyaluronan levels were significantly increased because of cigarette smoke exposure. Long term treatment of 4 days did not lead to significant changes.The current findings corroborate previous studies but also reveal new insights in possible disease mechanisms of Reinke's edema. We postulate that changes in the composition of the vocal folds' extracellular matrix -reduction of collagen fibrils, increase of hyaluronan- may lead to the clinical findings. This might ease the identification of better, disease-specific treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Gugatschka
- ‡Division of Phoniatrics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
| | - Barbara Darnhofer
- ¶Omics Center Graz, BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria; ‖Austrian Center of Industrial Biotechnology, Graz, Austria
| | - Tanja Grossmann
- ‡Division of Phoniatrics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Matthias Schittmayer
- §Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; ¶Omics Center Graz, BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria; ‖Austrian Center of Industrial Biotechnology, Graz, Austria
| | - David Hortobagyi
- ‡Division of Phoniatrics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Andrijana Kirsch
- ‡Division of Phoniatrics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Eva Karpf
- **Diagnostic and Research Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Luka Brcic
- **Diagnostic and Research Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Ruth Birner-Gruenberger
- §Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; ¶Omics Center Graz, BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria; ‖Austrian Center of Industrial Biotechnology, Graz, Austria; **Diagnostic and Research Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Michael Karbiener
- ‡Division of Phoniatrics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; §§Takeda, Vienna, Austria
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13
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Kirsch A, Hortobagyi D, Stachl T, Karbiener M, Grossmann T, Gerstenberger C, Gugatschka M. Development and validation of a novel phonomimetic bioreactor. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0213788. [PMID: 30870529 PMCID: PMC6417646 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0213788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Vocal fold fibroblasts (VFF) constitute the main cell type of the vocal fold’s lamina propria, produce the extracellular matrix and thereby determine the tissue characteristics. To study VFF behavior under in vitro conditions it is important to mimic the dynamic environment of the in vivo state. The aim of our study was to develop and validate a novel phonomimetic bioreactor system mainly based on commercially available components. The use of cell culture dishes with flexible silicone bottoms in combination with a suitable loudspeaker made it possible to expose the cells to various kinds of phonatory stimuli. The fundamental vibration characteristics of silicone membranes were investigated with and without cell culture medium by laser Doppler vibrometry. Human VFF were seeded in flexible-bottomed plates and placed in a custom-made housing containing a loudspeaker. After the cells were exposed to a predefined audio stimulation protocol, cell viability was assessed and gene as well as protein expression levels were compared to static controls. Laser Doppler vibrometry revealed that addition of cell culture medium changed the resonance frequencies of vibrating membranes. Gene expression of hyaluronan synthase 2, collagen III, fibronectin and TGFβ-1 was significantly upregulated in VFF exposed to vibration, compared to static control. Vibration also significantly upregulated collagen I gene and protein expression. We present a new type of phonomimetic bioreactor. Compared to previous models, our device is easy to assemble and cost-effective, yet can provide a wide spectrum of phonatory stimuli based on the entire dynamic range of the human voice. Gene expression data of VFF cultured in our phonomimetic bioreactor show a significant effect of vibration on ECM metabolism, which illustrates the efficacy of our device.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrijana Kirsch
- Department of Phoniatrics, ENT University Hospital Graz, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - David Hortobagyi
- Department of Phoniatrics, ENT University Hospital Graz, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- * E-mail:
| | - Theresa Stachl
- Department of Phoniatrics, ENT University Hospital Graz, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Michael Karbiener
- Department of Phoniatrics, ENT University Hospital Graz, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Tanja Grossmann
- Department of Phoniatrics, ENT University Hospital Graz, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Claus Gerstenberger
- Department of Phoniatrics, ENT University Hospital Graz, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Markus Gugatschka
- Department of Phoniatrics, ENT University Hospital Graz, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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14
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Potassium titanyl phosphate laser-induced inflammatory response and extracellular matrix turnover in rabbit vocal fold scar. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2018; 275:1525-1532. [PMID: 29610958 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-018-4957-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The objectives of this study were to observe the regulating effect of KTP laser and Nd:YAG laser in the repair of vocal fold scars. METHODS All rabbits were injured in the muscular layer with a sharp instrument, and then the vocal folds were treated with a KTP laser and a Nd:YAG laser at a power of 2, 4, 6 and 8 W 1 month after the injury. One month after treatment, the rabbits were killed and the throats were removed to detect changes in histology and gene expression of the vocal fold scar after laser therapy. RESULTS The best efficacy of all KTP laser treatment groups was the KTP laser 6 W group. Regarding the detection of gene expression, in the KTP laser 6 W and Nd:YAG laser 6 W groups, col-3A1 was decreased compared to the scar group (P < 0.05), and col-1A1 was decreased only in the KTP laser 6 W group (P < 0.05). TGF-β1 levels in the two groups were lower than in the scar group. There were also significant differences in the levels of IL-1β, COX-2 and TNF-α in the two laser groups compared with the scar group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION KTP laser and Nd:YAG laser treatments for vocal fold scars have particular therapeutic effects. The KTP laser may be better than the Nd:YAG laser for the regulation of vocal fold scars. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE NA.
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15
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Dally J, Khan JS, Voisey A, Charalambous C, John HL, Woods EL, Steadman R, Moseley R, Midgley AC. Hepatocyte Growth Factor Mediates Enhanced Wound Healing Responses and Resistance to Transforming Growth Factor-β₁-Driven Myofibroblast Differentiation in Oral Mucosal Fibroblasts. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18091843. [PMID: 28837064 PMCID: PMC5618492 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18091843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Revised: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral mucosal wounds are characterized by rapid healing with minimal scarring, partly attributable to the "enhanced" wound healing properties of oral mucosal fibroblasts (OMFs). Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) is a pleiotropic growth factor, with potential key roles in accelerating healing and preventing fibrosis. HGF can exist as full-length or truncated (HGF-NK), NK1 and NK2 isoforms. As OMFs display elevated HGF expression compared to dermal fibroblasts (DFs), this study investigated the extent to which HGF mediates the preferential cellular functions of OMFs, and the influence of pro-fibrotic, transforming growth factor-β₁ (TGF-β₁) on these responses. Knockdown of HGF expression in OMFs by short-interfering RNA (siHGF) significantly inhibited OMF proliferative and migratory responses. Supplementation with exogenous TGF-β₁ also significantly inhibited proliferation and migration, concomitant with significantly down-regulated HGF expression. In addition, knockdown abrogated OMF resistance to TGF-β₁-driven myofibroblast differentiation, as evidenced by increased α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) expression, F-actin reorganisation, and stress fibre formation. Responses were unaffected in siHGF-transfected DFs. OMFs expressed significantly higher full-length HGF and NK1 levels compared to patient-matched DFs, whilst NK2 expression was similar in both OMFs and DFs. Furthermore, NK2 was preferentially expressed over NK1 in DFs. TGF-β₁ supplementation significantly down-regulated full-length HGF and NK1 expression by OMFs, while NK2 was less affected. This study demonstrates the importance of HGF in mediating "enhanced" OMF cellular function. We also propose that full-length HGF and HGF-NK1 convey desirable wound healing properties, whilst fibroblasts preferentially expressing more HGF-NK2 readily undergo TGF-β₁-driven differentiation into myofibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordanna Dally
- Stem Cells, Wound Repair & Regeneration, Oral & Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XY, UK.
- Cardiff Institute of Tissue Engineering & Repair (CITER), Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK.
| | - Jabur S Khan
- Stem Cells, Wound Repair & Regeneration, Oral & Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XY, UK.
- Cardiff Institute of Tissue Engineering & Repair (CITER), Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK.
| | - Alex Voisey
- Stem Cells, Wound Repair & Regeneration, Oral & Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XY, UK.
- Wales Kidney Research Unit (WKRU), Systems Immunity Research Institute, Division of Infection and Immunity, College of Biomedical & Life Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK.
| | - Chrisandrea Charalambous
- Stem Cells, Wound Repair & Regeneration, Oral & Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XY, UK.
- Wales Kidney Research Unit (WKRU), Systems Immunity Research Institute, Division of Infection and Immunity, College of Biomedical & Life Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK.
| | - Hannah L John
- Stem Cells, Wound Repair & Regeneration, Oral & Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XY, UK.
- Wales Kidney Research Unit (WKRU), Systems Immunity Research Institute, Division of Infection and Immunity, College of Biomedical & Life Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK.
| | - Emma L Woods
- Stem Cells, Wound Repair & Regeneration, Oral & Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XY, UK.
- Cardiff Institute of Tissue Engineering & Repair (CITER), Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK.
| | - Robert Steadman
- Cardiff Institute of Tissue Engineering & Repair (CITER), Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK.
- Wales Kidney Research Unit (WKRU), Systems Immunity Research Institute, Division of Infection and Immunity, College of Biomedical & Life Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK.
| | - Ryan Moseley
- Stem Cells, Wound Repair & Regeneration, Oral & Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XY, UK.
- Cardiff Institute of Tissue Engineering & Repair (CITER), Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK.
| | - Adam C Midgley
- Cardiff Institute of Tissue Engineering & Repair (CITER), Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK.
- Wales Kidney Research Unit (WKRU), Systems Immunity Research Institute, Division of Infection and Immunity, College of Biomedical & Life Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK.
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