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Melilli MG, Buzzanca C, Di Stefano V. Quality characteristics of cereal-based foods enriched with different degree of polymerization inulin: A review. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 332:121918. [PMID: 38431396 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.121918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Vegetables, cereals and fruit are foods rich in fibre with beneficial and nutritional effects as their consumption reduces the onset of degenerative diseases, especially cardiovascular ones. Among fibres, inulin, oligofructose or fructooligosaccharide (FOS) are the best-studied. Inulin is a generic term to cover all linear β(2-1) fructans, with a variable degree of polymerization. In this review a better understanding of the importance of the degree of polymerization of inulin as a dietary fibre, functions, health benefits, classifications, types and its applications in the food industry was considered in different fortified foods. Inulin has been used to increase the nutritional and healthy properties of the product as a sweetener and as a substitute for fats and carbohydrates, improving the nutritional value and decreasing the glycemic index, with the advantage of not compromising taste and consistency of the product. Bifidogenic and prebiotic effects of inulin have been well established, inulin-type fructans are fermented by the colon to produce short-chain fatty acids, with important local and systemic actions. Addition of inulin with different degrees of polymerization to daily foods for the production of fortified pasta and bread was reviewed, and the impact on sensorial, technological and organoleptic characteristics even of gluten-free bread was also reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Grazia Melilli
- National Council of Research, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry (CNR-ICB), Catania, Italy.
| | - Carla Buzzanca
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, Italy.
| | - Vita Di Stefano
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, Italy; National Biodiversity Future Center (NBFC), 90123, Palermo, Italy.
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2
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Palombieri S, Bonarrigo M, Potestio S, Sestili F, Messina B, Russo G, Miceli C, Frangipane B, Genduso M, Delogu C, Andreani L, Masci S. Characterization among and within Sicilian Tetraploid Wheat Landraces by Gluten Protein Analysis for Traceability Purposes. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:741. [PMID: 38475588 DOI: 10.3390/plants13050741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2024] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
The criteria of "Distinctness, Uniformity and Stability" as well as a high "overall quality index" are used to register the Italian modern varieties to the national register. Differently, local conservation varieties can be certified under different EU Directives that facilitate, as an overall objective, the preservation of biodiversity and the containment of genetic erosion. In recent years, products derived from ancient grains are perceived to be healthier and more sustainable by consumers, especially in Italy, with consequent higher market prices. The ancient tetraploid wheat varieties registered in the national register of conservation varieties amount to 28, 24 of which are Sicilian. They are supposed to have wide genetic variability compared to modern ones, making them vulnerable to fraud because they are difficult to trace. It is therefore important to have tools able to discriminate between autochthonous Sicilian varieties. This can be completed by gluten proteins composition, which also provides information on the technological properties of derived products. Fifty-one accessions belonging to twenty-two ancient varieties of Sicilian tetraploid (mostly durum) wheat were analyzed. Although wide intra-accession and intra-varietal variability measurements were assessed, the gliadin pattern of bulks of seeds belonging to each variety was discriminatory. Moreover, differences in technological attitudes were found between landraces. This paves the way to use gluten protein patterns for traceability, allowing local farmers and producers to valorize their products and assure consumers regarding the transparency of the entire supply chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuela Palombieri
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Science (DAFNE), University of Tuscia, Via San Camillo de Lellis Snc, 01100 Viterbo, VT, Italy
| | - Marco Bonarrigo
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Science (DAFNE), University of Tuscia, Via San Camillo de Lellis Snc, 01100 Viterbo, VT, Italy
| | - Silvia Potestio
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Science (DAFNE), University of Tuscia, Via San Camillo de Lellis Snc, 01100 Viterbo, VT, Italy
| | - Francesco Sestili
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Science (DAFNE), University of Tuscia, Via San Camillo de Lellis Snc, 01100 Viterbo, VT, Italy
| | - Bernardo Messina
- Consorzio di Ricerca Gian Pietro Ballatore, Z.I. Dittaino, 90040 Assoro, EN, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Russo
- Consorzio di Ricerca Gian Pietro Ballatore, Z.I. Dittaino, 90040 Assoro, EN, Italy
| | - Claudia Miceli
- Council for Agriculture Research and Economics, Plant Protection and Certification Center (CREA-DC), Palermo Headquarters, Viale Regione Siciliana Sud Est 8669, 90121 Palermo, PA, Italy
| | - Benedetto Frangipane
- Council for Agriculture Research and Economics, Plant Protection and Certification Center (CREA-DC), Palermo Headquarters, Viale Regione Siciliana Sud Est 8669, 90121 Palermo, PA, Italy
| | - Marco Genduso
- Council for Agriculture Research and Economics, Plant Protection and Certification Center (CREA-DC), Palermo Headquarters, Viale Regione Siciliana Sud Est 8669, 90121 Palermo, PA, Italy
| | - Chiara Delogu
- Council for Agriculture Research and Economics, Plant Protection and Certification Center (CREA-DC), Tavazzano Headquarters, SS9, Km 307, 26838 Tavazzano con Villavesco, LO, Italy
| | - Lorella Andreani
- Council for Agriculture Research and Economics, Plant Protection and Certification Center (CREA-DC), Tavazzano Headquarters, SS9, Km 307, 26838 Tavazzano con Villavesco, LO, Italy
| | - Stefania Masci
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Science (DAFNE), University of Tuscia, Via San Camillo de Lellis Snc, 01100 Viterbo, VT, Italy
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Broccanello C, Bellin D, DalCorso G, Furini A, Taranto F. Genetic approaches to exploit landraces for improvement of Triticum turgidum ssp. durum in the age of climate change. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1101271. [PMID: 36778704 PMCID: PMC9911883 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1101271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Addressing the challenges of climate change and durum wheat production is becoming an important driver for food and nutrition security in the Mediterranean area, where are located the major producing countries (Italy, Spain, France, Greece, Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Turkey, and Syria). One of the emergent strategies, to cope with durum wheat adaptation, is the exploration and exploitation of the existing genetic variability in landrace populations. In this context, this review aims to highlight the important role of durum wheat landraces as a useful genetic resource to improve the sustainability of Mediterranean agroecosystems, with a focus on adaptation to environmental stresses. We described the most recent molecular techniques and statistical approaches suitable for the identification of beneficial genes/alleles related to the most important traits in landraces and the development of molecular markers for marker-assisted selection. Finally, we outline the state of the art about landraces genetic diversity and signature of selection, already identified from these accessions, for adaptability to the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Diana Bellin
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | | | - Antonella Furini
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
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Vincent D, Bui A, Ezernieks V, Shahinfar S, Luke T, Ram D, Rigas N, Panozzo J, Rochfort S, Daetwyler H, Hayden M. A community resource to mass explore the wheat grain proteome and its application to the late-maturity alpha-amylase (LMA) problem. Gigascience 2022; 12:giad084. [PMID: 37919977 PMCID: PMC10627334 DOI: 10.1093/gigascience/giad084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Late-maturity alpha-amylase (LMA) is a wheat genetic defect causing the synthesis of high isoelectric point alpha-amylase following a temperature shock during mid-grain development or prolonged cold throughout grain development, both leading to starch degradation. While the physiology is well understood, the biochemical mechanisms involved in grain LMA response remain unclear. We have applied high-throughput proteomics to 4,061 wheat flours displaying a range of LMA activities. Using an array of statistical analyses to select LMA-responsive biomarkers, we have mined them using a suite of tools applicable to wheat proteins. RESULTS We observed that LMA-affected grains activated their primary metabolisms such as glycolysis and gluconeogenesis; TCA cycle, along with DNA- and RNA- binding mechanisms; and protein translation. This logically transitioned to protein folding activities driven by chaperones and protein disulfide isomerase, as well as protein assembly via dimerisation and complexing. The secondary metabolism was also mobilized with the upregulation of phytohormones and chemical and defence responses. LMA further invoked cellular structures, including ribosomes, microtubules, and chromatin. Finally, and unsurprisingly, LMA expression greatly impacted grain storage proteins, as well as starch and other carbohydrates, with the upregulation of alpha-gliadins and starch metabolism, whereas LMW glutenin, stachyose, sucrose, UDP-galactose, and UDP-glucose were downregulated. CONCLUSIONS To our knowledge, this is not only the first proteomics study tackling the wheat LMA issue but also the largest plant-based proteomics study published to date. Logistics, technicalities, requirements, and bottlenecks of such an ambitious large-scale high-throughput proteomics experiment along with the challenges associated with big data analyses are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delphine Vincent
- Agriculture Victoria Research, AgriBio, Center Centre for AgriBioscience, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia
| | - AnhDuyen Bui
- Agriculture Victoria Research, AgriBio, Center Centre for AgriBioscience, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia
| | - Vilnis Ezernieks
- Agriculture Victoria Research, AgriBio, Center Centre for AgriBioscience, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia
| | - Saleh Shahinfar
- Agriculture Victoria Research, AgriBio, Center Centre for AgriBioscience, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia
| | - Timothy Luke
- Agriculture Victoria Research, AgriBio, Center Centre for AgriBioscience, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia
| | - Doris Ram
- Agriculture Victoria Research, AgriBio, Center Centre for AgriBioscience, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia
| | - Nicholas Rigas
- Agriculture Victoria Research, Grains Innovation Park, Horsham, VIC 3400, Australia
| | - Joe Panozzo
- Agriculture Victoria Research, Grains Innovation Park, Horsham, VIC 3400, Australia
- Centre for Agricultural Innovation, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Simone Rochfort
- Agriculture Victoria Research, AgriBio, Center Centre for AgriBioscience, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia
- School of Applied Systems Biology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia
| | - Hans Daetwyler
- Agriculture Victoria Research, AgriBio, Center Centre for AgriBioscience, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia
- School of Applied Systems Biology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia
| | - Matthew Hayden
- Agriculture Victoria Research, AgriBio, Center Centre for AgriBioscience, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia
- School of Applied Systems Biology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia
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Cunsolo V, Di Francesco A, Pittalà MGG, Saletti R, Foti S. The TriMet_DB: A Manually Curated Database of the Metabolic Proteins of Triticum aestivum. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14245377. [PMID: 36558536 PMCID: PMC9781733 DOI: 10.3390/nu14245377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Mass-spectrometry-based wheat proteomics is challenging because the current interpretation of mass spectrometry data relies on public databases that are not exhaustive (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot) or contain many redundant and poor or un-annotated entries (UniProtKB/TrEMBL). Here, we report the development of a manually curated database of the metabolic proteins of Triticum aestivum (hexaploid wheat), named TriMet_DB (Triticum aestivum Metabolic Proteins DataBase). The manually curated TriMet_DB was generated in FASTA format so that it can be read directly by programs used to interpret the mass spectrometry data. Furthermore, the complete list of entries included in the TriMet_DB is reported in a freely available resource, which includes for each protein the description, the gene code, the protein family, and the allergen name (if any). To evaluate its performance, the TriMet_DB was used to interpret the MS data acquired on the metabolic protein fraction extracted from the cultivar MEC of Triticum aestivum. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD037709.
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Spaghetti Enriched with Inulin: Effect of Polymerization Degree on Quality Traits and α-Amylase Inhibition. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27082482. [PMID: 35458679 PMCID: PMC9026318 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27082482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Inulin is considered a dietary fiber and represents a noteworthy ingredient for food biofortification due to its health effects and its neutral taste. The aim of the work was the evaluation of the quality of pasta produced using whole-meal flours of two ancient Sicilian landraces (Senatore Cappelli-CAP and Timilia—TIM) fortified with two types of inulin (long-chain topinambur inulin IT and low-chain chicory inulin IC), at two different levels of substitution (2 and 4%) to evaluate its possible effect on α-amylase inhibition. The color indices L* and a* were mainly influenced by cultivars, while IT improved the sensory attributes, mainly the elasticity sensation, and influenced less the other sensory attributes: adhesiveness, color, odor, taste, and Over Quality Score for both landraces. The cooking quality was linked mainly to the landrace used, due to the very different gluten matrix of CAP and TIM. IC and IT showed promising α-Amy inhibitory activity with comparable IC50 values of 0.45 ± 0.04 and 0.50 ± 0.06 mg/mL. The enrichment of spaghetti with inulin with an inhibitory effect on α-amylase determined the hypoglycemic properties of pasta, thus lowering the corresponding IC50 value.
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7
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Møller MS, Svensson B. Structure, Function and Protein Engineering of Cereal-Type Inhibitors Acting on Amylolytic Enzymes. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:868568. [PMID: 35402513 PMCID: PMC8990303 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.868568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous plants, including cereals, contain seed proteins able to inhibit amylolytic enzymes. Some of these inhibitors, the CM-proteins (soluble in chloroform:methanol mixtures)—also referred to as cereal-type inhibitors (CTIs)—are the topic of this review. CM-proteins were first reported 75 years ago. They are small sulfur-rich proteins of the prolamine superfamily embracing bifunctional α-amylase/trypsin inhibitors (ATIs), α-amylase inhibitors (AIs), limit dextrinase inhibitors (LDIs), and serine protease inhibitors. Phylogenetically CM-proteins are predicted across poaceae genomes and many isoforms are identified in seed proteomes. Their allergenicity and hence adverse effect on humans were recognized early on, as were their roles in plant defense. Generally, CTIs target exogenous digestive enzymes from insects and mammals. Notably, by contrast LDI regulates activity of the endogenous starch debranching enzyme, limit dextrinase, during cereal seed germination. CM-proteins are four-helix bundle proteins and form enzyme complexes adopting extraordinarily versatile binding modes involving the N-terminal and different loop regions. A number of these inhibitors have been characterized in detail and here focus will be on target enzyme specificity, molecular recognition, forces and mechanisms of binding as well as on three-dimensional structures of CM-protein–enzyme complexes. Lastly, prospects for CM-protein exploitation, rational engineering and biotechnological applications will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Sofie Møller
- Applied Molecular Enzyme Chemistry, Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Birte Svensson
- Enzyme and Protein Chemistry, Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
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Vincent D, Bui A, Ram D, Ezernieks V, Bedon F, Panozzo J, Maharjan P, Rochfort S, Daetwyler H, Hayden M. Mining the Wheat Grain Proteome. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23020713. [PMID: 35054899 PMCID: PMC8775872 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Bread wheat is the most widely cultivated crop worldwide, used in the production of food products and a feed source for animals. Selection tools that can be applied early in the breeding cycle are needed to accelerate genetic gain for increased wheat production while maintaining or improving grain quality if demand from human population growth is to be fulfilled. Proteomics screening assays of wheat flour can assist breeders to select the best performing breeding lines and discard the worst lines. In this study, we optimised a robust LC–MS shotgun quantitative proteomics method to screen thousands of wheat genotypes. Using 6 cultivars and 4 replicates, we tested 3 resuspension ratios (50, 25, and 17 µL/mg), 2 extraction buffers (with urea or guanidine-hydrochloride), 3 sets of proteases (chymotrypsin, Glu-C, and trypsin/Lys-C), and multiple LC settings. Protein identifications by LC–MS/MS were used to select the best parameters. A total 8738 wheat proteins were identified. The best method was validated on an independent set of 96 cultivars and peptides quantities were normalised using sample weights, an internal standard, and quality controls. Data mining tools found particularly useful to explore the flour proteome are presented (UniProt Retrieve/ID mapping tool, KEGG, AgriGO, REVIGO, and Pathway Tools).
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Affiliation(s)
- Delphine Vincent
- Agriculture Victoria, AgriBio, Centre for AgriBioscience, 5 Ring Road, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia; (A.B.); (D.R.); (V.E.); (S.R.); (H.D.); (M.H.)
- Correspondence:
| | - AnhDuyen Bui
- Agriculture Victoria, AgriBio, Centre for AgriBioscience, 5 Ring Road, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia; (A.B.); (D.R.); (V.E.); (S.R.); (H.D.); (M.H.)
| | - Doris Ram
- Agriculture Victoria, AgriBio, Centre for AgriBioscience, 5 Ring Road, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia; (A.B.); (D.R.); (V.E.); (S.R.); (H.D.); (M.H.)
| | - Vilnis Ezernieks
- Agriculture Victoria, AgriBio, Centre for AgriBioscience, 5 Ring Road, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia; (A.B.); (D.R.); (V.E.); (S.R.); (H.D.); (M.H.)
| | - Frank Bedon
- Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Sciences, School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia;
| | - Joe Panozzo
- Agriculture Research Victoria, 110 Natimuk Road, Horsham, VIC 3400, Australia; (J.P.); (P.M.)
- Centre for Agricultural Innovation, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Pankaj Maharjan
- Agriculture Research Victoria, 110 Natimuk Road, Horsham, VIC 3400, Australia; (J.P.); (P.M.)
| | - Simone Rochfort
- Agriculture Victoria, AgriBio, Centre for AgriBioscience, 5 Ring Road, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia; (A.B.); (D.R.); (V.E.); (S.R.); (H.D.); (M.H.)
- School of Applied Systems Biology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia
| | - Hans Daetwyler
- Agriculture Victoria, AgriBio, Centre for AgriBioscience, 5 Ring Road, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia; (A.B.); (D.R.); (V.E.); (S.R.); (H.D.); (M.H.)
- School of Applied Systems Biology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia
| | - Matthew Hayden
- Agriculture Victoria, AgriBio, Centre for AgriBioscience, 5 Ring Road, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia; (A.B.); (D.R.); (V.E.); (S.R.); (H.D.); (M.H.)
- School of Applied Systems Biology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia
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9
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Di Francesco A, Cunsolo V, Saletti R, Svensson B, Muccilli V, De Vita P, Foti S. Quantitative Label-Free Comparison of the Metabolic Protein Fraction in Old and Modern Italian Wheat Genotypes by a Shotgun Approach. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26092596. [PMID: 33946829 PMCID: PMC8124627 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26092596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Wheat represents one of the most important cereals for mankind. However, since wheat proteins are also the causative agent of several adverse reactions, during the last decades, consumers have shown an increasing interest in the old wheat genotypes, which are generally perceived as more "natural" and healthier than the modern ones. Comparison of nutritional value for modern and old wheat genotypes is still controversial, and to evaluate the real impact of these foods on human health comparative experiments involving old and modern genotypes are desirable. The nutritional quality of grain is correlated with its proteomic composition that depends on the interplay between the genetic characteristics of the plant and external factors related to the environment. We report here the label-free shotgun quantitative comparison of the metabolic protein fractions of two old Sicilian landraces (Russello and Timilia) and the modern variety Simeto, from the 2010-2011 and 2011-2012 growing seasons. The overall results show that Timilia presents the major differences with respect to the other two genotypes investigated. These differences may be related to different defense mechanisms and some other peculiar properties of these genotypes. On the other hand, our results confirm previous results leading to the conclusion that with respect to a nutritional value evaluation, there is a substantial equivalence between old and modern wheat genotypes. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier <PXD024204>.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Di Francesco
- Laboratory of Organic Mass Spectrometry, Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy; (A.D.F.); (R.S.); (V.M.); (S.F.)
| | - Vincenzo Cunsolo
- Laboratory of Organic Mass Spectrometry, Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy; (A.D.F.); (R.S.); (V.M.); (S.F.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Rosaria Saletti
- Laboratory of Organic Mass Spectrometry, Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy; (A.D.F.); (R.S.); (V.M.); (S.F.)
| | - Birte Svensson
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads, Building 224, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark;
| | - Vera Muccilli
- Laboratory of Organic Mass Spectrometry, Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy; (A.D.F.); (R.S.); (V.M.); (S.F.)
| | - Pasquale De Vita
- CREA Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops (CREA-CI), S.S. 673 km 25.200, 71122 Foggia, Italy;
| | - Salvatore Foti
- Laboratory of Organic Mass Spectrometry, Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy; (A.D.F.); (R.S.); (V.M.); (S.F.)
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10
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Ruisi P, Ingraffia R, Urso V, Giambalvo D, Alfonzo A, Corona O, Settanni L, Frenda AS. Influence of grain quality, semolinas and baker's yeast on bread made from old landraces and modern genotypes of Sicilian durum wheat. Food Res Int 2021; 140:110029. [PMID: 33648257 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.110029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Several studies showed that products made with ancient wheat genotypes have beneficial health properties compared to those obtained with modern wheat varieties, even though the mechanisms responsible for the positive effects are not clear. Ancient durum wheat genotypes are being currently used for the production of pasta, bread and other typical bakery products but the consumption is strictly local. In this work 15 genotypes of Triticum turgidum subsp. durum, including 10 ancient and 5 modern, were characterized for their technological traits through the determination of different parameters: protein content, dry gluten, gluten index, yellow index, ash, P/L, W and G. In addition, the baking aptitude of all genotypes was evaluated. All semolinas were subjected to leavening by commercial baker's yeast and the experimental breads were subjected to the qualitative characterization (weight loss, height, firmness, colour, volatile organic compounds, image and sensory analysis). The results obtained showed that protein content of grains and semolinas was higher in ancient rather than modern genotypes. Dry gluten ranged from 6.7% of the modern variety Simeto to 13.6% of the ancient genotype Scorsonera. Great differences were found for the yellow index which reached the highest value in Saragolla variety. The P/L and W ratios were significantly higher for the modern genotypes. On average, weight loss was about 14 g, while bread height varied significantly between the trials. Bread consistency varied between 12.6 and 31.3 N. Differences were observed for the yellow of the crumb (higher for modern genotypes) and for the redness of the crust (higher for ancient genotypes). The sensory evaluation displayed a high variability among the breads from the 10 ancient genotypes, while the control breads received scores closed to those of the modern genotypes. This study revealed that the modern durum wheat varieties showed a certain uniformity of behaviour, while the ancient genotypes exhibited a great variability of the final attributes of breads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Ruisi
- Dipartimento Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Forestali, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze 4, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Rosolino Ingraffia
- Dipartimento Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Forestali, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze 4, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Valeria Urso
- Dipartimento Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Forestali, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze 4, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Dario Giambalvo
- Dipartimento Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Forestali, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze 4, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonio Alfonzo
- Dipartimento Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Forestali, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze 4, 90128 Palermo, Italy.
| | - Onofrio Corona
- Dipartimento Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Forestali, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze 4, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Luca Settanni
- Dipartimento Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Forestali, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze 4, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Alfonso S Frenda
- Dipartimento Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Forestali, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze 4, 90128 Palermo, Italy
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Penuelas J, Gargallo-Garriga A, Janssens IA, Ciais P, Obersteiner M, Klem K, Urban O, Zhu YG, Sardans J. Could Global Intensification of Nitrogen Fertilisation Increase Immunogenic Proteins and Favour the Spread of Coeliac Pathology? Foods 2020; 9:E1602. [PMID: 33158083 PMCID: PMC7694225 DOI: 10.3390/foods9111602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Fertilisation of cereal crops with nitrogen (N) has increased in the last five decades. In particular, the fertilisation of wheat crops increased by nearly one order of magnitude from 1961 to 2010, from 9.84 to 93.8 kg N ha-1 y-1. We hypothesized that this intensification of N fertilisation would increase the content of allergenic proteins in wheat which could likely be associated with the increased pathology of coeliac disease in human populations. An increase in the per capita intake of gliadin proteins, the group of gluten proteins principally responsible for the development of coeliac disease, would be the responsible factor. We conducted a global meta-analysis of available reports that supported our hypothesis: wheat plants growing in soils receiving higher doses of N fertilizer have higher total gluten, total gliadin, α/β-gliadin, γ-gliadin and ω-gliadin contents and higher gliadin transcription in their grain. We thereafter calculated the per capita annual average intake of gliadins from wheat and derived foods and found that it increased from 1961 to 2010 from approximately 2.4 to 3.8 kg y-1 per capita (+1.4 ± 0.18 kg y-1 per capita, mean ± SE), i.e., increased by 58 ± 7.5%. Finally, we found that this increase was positively correlated with the increase in the rates of coeliac disease in all the available studies with temporal series of coeliac disease. The impacts and damage of over-fertilisation have been observed at an environmental scale (e.g., eutrophication and acid rain), but a potential direct effect of over-fertilisation is thus also possible on human health (coeliac disease).
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Affiliation(s)
- Josep Penuelas
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Bellaterra, 08193 Catalonia, Spain; (A.G.-G.); (J.S.)
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Valles, 08193 Catalonia, Spain
- Global Change Research Institute, Czech Academy of Sciences, CZ-60300 Brno, Czech Republic; (K.K.); (O.U.)
| | - Albert Gargallo-Garriga
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Bellaterra, 08193 Catalonia, Spain; (A.G.-G.); (J.S.)
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Valles, 08193 Catalonia, Spain
- Global Change Research Institute, Czech Academy of Sciences, CZ-60300 Brno, Czech Republic; (K.K.); (O.U.)
| | - Ivan A. Janssens
- Research Group Plants and Ecosystems (PLECO), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, B-2610 Wilrijk, Belgium;
| | - Philippe Ciais
- Laboratory of Climate and Environmental Sciences, Institute Pierre Simon Laplace (PSL), 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France;
| | - Michael Obersteiner
- Ecosystems Services and Management, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), A-2361 Laxenburg, Austria;
| | - Karel Klem
- Global Change Research Institute, Czech Academy of Sciences, CZ-60300 Brno, Czech Republic; (K.K.); (O.U.)
| | - Otmar Urban
- Global Change Research Institute, Czech Academy of Sciences, CZ-60300 Brno, Czech Republic; (K.K.); (O.U.)
| | - Yong-Guan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China;
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Centre for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Jordi Sardans
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Bellaterra, 08193 Catalonia, Spain; (A.G.-G.); (J.S.)
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Valles, 08193 Catalonia, Spain
- Global Change Research Institute, Czech Academy of Sciences, CZ-60300 Brno, Czech Republic; (K.K.); (O.U.)
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Altenbach SB, Chang HC, Simon-Buss A. Deciphering the immunogenic potential of wheat flour: a reference map of the salt-soluble proteome from the U.S. wheat Butte 86. Proteome Sci 2020; 18:8. [PMID: 32774173 PMCID: PMC7395986 DOI: 10.1186/s12953-020-00164-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Within the complex wheat flour proteome, the gluten proteins have attracted most of the attention because of their importance in determining the functional properties of wheat flour doughs and their roles in human health conditions such as celiac disease and food allergies. However, certain non-gluten proteins also trigger immunological responses but may be present in flour in low amounts or obscured by the more abundant gluten proteins in two-dimensional gels of total protein preparations. Methods Non-gluten proteins were preferentially extracted from the flour with a dilute salt solution and separated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Proteins in 173 gel spots were identified by tandem mass spectrometry after cleavage with trypsin or chymotrypsin. Transgenic wheat lines in which specific groups of gluten proteins were suppressed by RNA interference were used to estimate the amount of carry-over of gluten proteins in the salt-soluble protein fraction. Results Fifty-seven different types of non-gluten proteins were identified, including 14 types that are known or suspected immunogenic proteins. The predominant proteins in 18 gel spots were gluten proteins. Some of these also contained non-gluten proteins. Analysis of the salt-soluble proteins from a transgenic line in which omega-1,2 gliadins were eliminated by RNA interference indicated that certain omega-1,2 gliadins were present in large amounts in the salt-soluble fraction and obscured relatively small amounts of beta-amylase and protein disulfide isomerase. In comparison, analysis of a transgenic line in which alpha gliadins were absent revealed that glyceraldehyde-3 phosphate dehydrogenase was a moderately abundant protein that co-migrated with several alpha gliadins. Conclusions In this study, we constructed a proteomic map of the non-gluten protein fraction of wheat flour from the US wheat Butte 86 that complements a proteomic map of the total flour proteins developed previously for the same cultivar. Knowing the identities of low abundance proteins in the flour as well as proteins that are hidden by some of the major gluten proteins on two-dimensional gels is critical for studies aimed at assessing the immunogenic potential of wheat flour and determining which wheat proteins that should be targeted in future gene editing experiments to reduce the immunogenic potential of wheat flour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan B Altenbach
- Western Regional Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Albany, CA USA
| | - Han-Chang Chang
- Western Regional Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Albany, CA USA
| | - Annamaria Simon-Buss
- Western Regional Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Albany, CA USA.,Hamburg School of Food Science, Institute of Food Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
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Proteome Analysis of Molecular Events in Oral Pathogenesis and Virus: A Review with a Particular Focus on Periodontitis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21155184. [PMID: 32707841 PMCID: PMC7432693 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Revised: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Some systemic diseases are unquestionably related to periodontal health, as periodontal disease can be an extension or manifestation of the primary disease process. One example is spontaneous gingival bleeding, resulting from anticoagulant treatment for cardiac diseases. One important aspect of periodontal therapy is the care of patients with poorly controlled disease who require surgery, such as patients with uncontrolled diabetes. We reviewed research on biomarkers and molecular events for various diseases, as well as candidate markers of periodontal disease. Content of this review: (1) Introduction, (2) Periodontal disease, (3) Bacterial and viral pathogens associated with periodontal disease, (4) Stem cells in periodontal tissue, (5) Clinical applications of mass spectrometry using MALDI-TOF-MS and LC-MS/MS-based proteomic analyses, (6) Proteome analysis of molecular events in oral pathogenesis of virus in GCF, saliva, and other oral Components in periodontal disease, (7) Outlook for the future and (8) Conclusions. This review discusses proteome analysis of molecular events in the pathogenesis of oral diseases and viruses, and has a particular focus on periodontitis.
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Di Francesco A, Saletti R, Cunsolo V, Svensson B, Muccilli V, De Vita P, Foti S. Dataset of the metabolic and CM-like protein fractions in old and modern wheat Italian genotypes. Data Brief 2019; 27:104730. [PMID: 31763392 PMCID: PMC6859223 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2019.104730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 10/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The present work reports the first comprehensive proteomic profiling and qualitative comparison of metabolic and Chloroform-Methanol (CM)-like protein fractions extracted from mature kernels of two old Sicilian durum wheat landraces, Russello and Timilia Reste Bianche (Timilia RB), and Simeto, an improved durum wheat variety widespread in Italy and other Mediterranean countries and chosen as representative of the most widely commercial cultivars. The data are discussed in the related research article “Qualitative proteomic comparison of metabolic and CM-like protein fractions in old and modern wheat Italian genotypes by a shotgun approach” [1]. The results of this work could be used for in vitro investigations to understand the relationship between protein profiles of old and modern wheat genotypes and their potential benefits for human consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Di Francesco
- Laboratory of Organic Mass Spectrometry, Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125, Catania, Italy
| | - Rosaria Saletti
- Laboratory of Organic Mass Spectrometry, Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125, Catania, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Cunsolo
- Laboratory of Organic Mass Spectrometry, Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125, Catania, Italy
| | - Birte Svensson
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads, Building 224, Kgs. Lyngby, DK-2800, Denmark
| | - Vera Muccilli
- Laboratory of Organic Mass Spectrometry, Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125, Catania, Italy
| | - Pasquale De Vita
- CREA Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops (CREA-CI), S.S. 673 km 25.200, 71122, Foggia, Italy
| | - Salvatore Foti
- Laboratory of Organic Mass Spectrometry, Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125, Catania, Italy
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