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Palombieri S, Bonarrigo M, Potestio S, Sestili F, Messina B, Russo G, Miceli C, Frangipane B, Genduso M, Delogu C, Andreani L, Masci S. Characterization among and within Sicilian Tetraploid Wheat Landraces by Gluten Protein Analysis for Traceability Purposes. Plants (Basel) 2024; 13:741. [PMID: 38475588 DOI: 10.3390/plants13050741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2024] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
The criteria of "Distinctness, Uniformity and Stability" as well as a high "overall quality index" are used to register the Italian modern varieties to the national register. Differently, local conservation varieties can be certified under different EU Directives that facilitate, as an overall objective, the preservation of biodiversity and the containment of genetic erosion. In recent years, products derived from ancient grains are perceived to be healthier and more sustainable by consumers, especially in Italy, with consequent higher market prices. The ancient tetraploid wheat varieties registered in the national register of conservation varieties amount to 28, 24 of which are Sicilian. They are supposed to have wide genetic variability compared to modern ones, making them vulnerable to fraud because they are difficult to trace. It is therefore important to have tools able to discriminate between autochthonous Sicilian varieties. This can be completed by gluten proteins composition, which also provides information on the technological properties of derived products. Fifty-one accessions belonging to twenty-two ancient varieties of Sicilian tetraploid (mostly durum) wheat were analyzed. Although wide intra-accession and intra-varietal variability measurements were assessed, the gliadin pattern of bulks of seeds belonging to each variety was discriminatory. Moreover, differences in technological attitudes were found between landraces. This paves the way to use gluten protein patterns for traceability, allowing local farmers and producers to valorize their products and assure consumers regarding the transparency of the entire supply chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuela Palombieri
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Science (DAFNE), University of Tuscia, Via San Camillo de Lellis Snc, 01100 Viterbo, VT, Italy
| | - Marco Bonarrigo
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Science (DAFNE), University of Tuscia, Via San Camillo de Lellis Snc, 01100 Viterbo, VT, Italy
| | - Silvia Potestio
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Science (DAFNE), University of Tuscia, Via San Camillo de Lellis Snc, 01100 Viterbo, VT, Italy
| | - Francesco Sestili
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Science (DAFNE), University of Tuscia, Via San Camillo de Lellis Snc, 01100 Viterbo, VT, Italy
| | - Bernardo Messina
- Consorzio di Ricerca Gian Pietro Ballatore, Z.I. Dittaino, 90040 Assoro, EN, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Russo
- Consorzio di Ricerca Gian Pietro Ballatore, Z.I. Dittaino, 90040 Assoro, EN, Italy
| | - Claudia Miceli
- Council for Agriculture Research and Economics, Plant Protection and Certification Center (CREA-DC), Palermo Headquarters, Viale Regione Siciliana Sud Est 8669, 90121 Palermo, PA, Italy
| | - Benedetto Frangipane
- Council for Agriculture Research and Economics, Plant Protection and Certification Center (CREA-DC), Palermo Headquarters, Viale Regione Siciliana Sud Est 8669, 90121 Palermo, PA, Italy
| | - Marco Genduso
- Council for Agriculture Research and Economics, Plant Protection and Certification Center (CREA-DC), Palermo Headquarters, Viale Regione Siciliana Sud Est 8669, 90121 Palermo, PA, Italy
| | - Chiara Delogu
- Council for Agriculture Research and Economics, Plant Protection and Certification Center (CREA-DC), Tavazzano Headquarters, SS9, Km 307, 26838 Tavazzano con Villavesco, LO, Italy
| | - Lorella Andreani
- Council for Agriculture Research and Economics, Plant Protection and Certification Center (CREA-DC), Tavazzano Headquarters, SS9, Km 307, 26838 Tavazzano con Villavesco, LO, Italy
| | - Stefania Masci
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Science (DAFNE), University of Tuscia, Via San Camillo de Lellis Snc, 01100 Viterbo, VT, Italy
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Delogu C, Fineschi B, La Russa R, Cipolloni L, Morena D, Frati P. A Close Insight into Medical Assisted Procreation (MAP) and related Informed Consent: A Recent Case from Italy. Clin Ter 2022; 173:507-511. [PMID: 36373444 DOI: 10.7417/ct.2022.2471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Law n. 40/2004 regulated Medically Assisted Procreation (MAP) in Italy. The case described in this article is part of the many judicial cases that have affected this legislation. Following the marital separation process, the former husband withdrew consent to the implantation of already formed embryos in the uterus of his former wife who turned to the judiciary to obtain permission to initiate such a procedure. This paper consists of an analysis of this judicial process and deals with medical-legal and bioethical issues. In contrast to what is stated in Law n. 40/2004, the subsequent Law n. 219/2017 about informed consent, establishes the general principle of the withdrawal of consent until the healthcare procedure is carried out. Another issue concerns the difficult balance between the guarantee of personal freedom and the embryo's life protection, considering that although the embryo is already formed, it is not a person yet. In light of the existence of previous conflicting judicial sentences, the careful and separate assessment of the case under discussion, together with potential future events, is essential to reach a balanced conclusion, that can resolve disputes in the Italian constantly changing society.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Delogu
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic and Orthopaedic Science, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - B Fineschi
- University of Siena, AGI medica, Siena, Italy
| | - R La Russa
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Forensic Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - L Cipolloni
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Forensic Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - D Morena
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic and Orthopaedic Science, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - P Frati
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic and Orthopaedic Science, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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Morcia C, Bergami R, Scaramagli S, Delogu C, Andreani L, Carnevali P, Tumino G, Ghizzoni R, Terzi V. A Digital PCR Assay to Quantify the Percentages of Hulled vs. Hulless Wheat in Flours and Flour-Based Products. Biology (Basel) 2021; 10:biology10111138. [PMID: 34827131 PMCID: PMC8614899 DOI: 10.3390/biology10111138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Several food products, made from hulled wheats, are now offered by the market, ranging from grains and pasta to flour and bakery products. The possibility of verifying the authenticity of wheat species used at any point in the production chain is relevant, in defense of both producers and consumers. A chip digital PCR assay has been developed to detect and quantify percentages of hulless (i.e., common and durum wheat) and hulled (i.e., einkorn, emmer and spelt) wheats in grains, flours and food products. The assay has been designed on a polymorphism in the miRNA172 target site of the AP2-5 transcription factor localized on chromosome 5A and involved in wheat spike morphogenesis and grain threshability. The assay has been evaluated even in a real-time PCR system to assess its applicability and to compare the analytical costs between dPCR and real-time PCR approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Morcia
- Consiglio Per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e L’analisi Dell’economia Agraria-Centro di Ricerca Genomica e Bioinformatica (CREA-GB), Via San Protaso 302, 29017 Fiorenzuola d’Arda, PC, Italy; (C.M.); (R.G.)
| | - Raffaella Bergami
- Coop Italia, Via del Lavoro, 6/8, I-40033 Casalecchio di Reno, BO, Italy; (R.B.); (S.S.)
| | - Sonia Scaramagli
- Coop Italia, Via del Lavoro, 6/8, I-40033 Casalecchio di Reno, BO, Italy; (R.B.); (S.S.)
| | - Chiara Delogu
- Consiglio Per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e L’analisi Dell’economia Agraria-Centro di Ricerca Difesa e Certificazione (CREA-DC), Via Emilia km 307, 26838 Tavazzano, LO, Italy; (C.D.); (L.A.)
| | - Lorella Andreani
- Consiglio Per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e L’analisi Dell’economia Agraria-Centro di Ricerca Difesa e Certificazione (CREA-DC), Via Emilia km 307, 26838 Tavazzano, LO, Italy; (C.D.); (L.A.)
| | | | - Giorgio Tumino
- Plant Breeding, Wageningen Plant Research, Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands;
| | - Roberta Ghizzoni
- Consiglio Per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e L’analisi Dell’economia Agraria-Centro di Ricerca Genomica e Bioinformatica (CREA-GB), Via San Protaso 302, 29017 Fiorenzuola d’Arda, PC, Italy; (C.M.); (R.G.)
| | - Valeria Terzi
- Consiglio Per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e L’analisi Dell’economia Agraria-Centro di Ricerca Genomica e Bioinformatica (CREA-GB), Via San Protaso 302, 29017 Fiorenzuola d’Arda, PC, Italy; (C.M.); (R.G.)
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Morcia C, Terzi V, Ghizzoni R, Vaiuso C, Delogu C, Andreani L, Venturini A, Carnevali P, Pompa PP, Tumino G. Digital PCR for Genotype Quantification: A Case Study in a Pasta Production Chain. Biology (Basel) 2021; 10:biology10050419. [PMID: 34065065 PMCID: PMC8151192 DOI: 10.3390/biology10050419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Simple Summary Digital polymerase chain reaction (dPCR) is a breakthrough technology able to provide an absolute quantification of the target sequence through the compartmentalization of the sample and independent amplifications of the numerous separate compartments. Such technology has recently found several applications in plant science; however, to the best of our knowledge, it has never been applied until now for the detection and quantification of a specific plant variety along a production chain. As proof of concept, a dPCR assay targeted to the quantification of a durum wheat variety routinely used in an Italian premium pasta production chain has been developed. Abstract Digital polymerase chain reaction (dPCR) is a breakthrough technology based on the partitioning of the analytical sample and detection of individual end-point amplifications into the separate compartments. Among the numerous applications of this technology, its suitability in mutation detection is relevant and characterized by unprecedented levels of precision. The actual applicability of this analytical technique to quantify the presence of a specific plant genotype, in both raw materials and transformed products, by exploiting a point polymorphism has been evaluated. As proof of concept, an Italian premium pasta production chain was considered and a dPCR assay based on a durum wheat target variety private point mutation was designed and evaluated in supply-chain samples. From the results obtained, the assay can be applied to confirm the presence of a target variety and to quantify it in raw materials and transformed products, such as commercial grain lots and pasta. The performance, costs, and applicability of the assay has been compared to analytical alternatives, namely simple sequence repeats (SSRs) and genotype-by-sequencing based on Diversity Arrays Technology sequencing (DArTseqTM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Morcia
- Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l’analisi dell’economia agraria-Centro di Ricerca Genomica e Bioinformatica (CREA-GB), Via San Protaso 302, 29017 Fiorenzuola d’Arda, Italy; (C.M.); (R.G.); (C.V.)
| | - Valeria Terzi
- Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l’analisi dell’economia agraria-Centro di Ricerca Genomica e Bioinformatica (CREA-GB), Via San Protaso 302, 29017 Fiorenzuola d’Arda, Italy; (C.M.); (R.G.); (C.V.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0523-983758
| | - Roberta Ghizzoni
- Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l’analisi dell’economia agraria-Centro di Ricerca Genomica e Bioinformatica (CREA-GB), Via San Protaso 302, 29017 Fiorenzuola d’Arda, Italy; (C.M.); (R.G.); (C.V.)
| | - Chiara Vaiuso
- Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l’analisi dell’economia agraria-Centro di Ricerca Genomica e Bioinformatica (CREA-GB), Via San Protaso 302, 29017 Fiorenzuola d’Arda, Italy; (C.M.); (R.G.); (C.V.)
| | - Chiara Delogu
- Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l’analisi dell’economia agraria-Centro di Ricerca Difesa e Certificazione (CREA-DC), Via Emilia km 307, 26838 Tavazzano, Italy; (C.D.); (L.A.); (A.V.)
| | - Lorella Andreani
- Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l’analisi dell’economia agraria-Centro di Ricerca Difesa e Certificazione (CREA-DC), Via Emilia km 307, 26838 Tavazzano, Italy; (C.D.); (L.A.); (A.V.)
| | - Andrea Venturini
- Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l’analisi dell’economia agraria-Centro di Ricerca Difesa e Certificazione (CREA-DC), Via Emilia km 307, 26838 Tavazzano, Italy; (C.D.); (L.A.); (A.V.)
| | | | - Pier Paolo Pompa
- Nanobiointeractions & Nanodiagnostics, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy;
| | - Giorgio Tumino
- Plant Breeding, Wageningen University Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708PB Wageningen, The Netherlands;
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Landoni M, Cerino Badone F, Haman N, Schiraldi A, Fessas D, Cesari V, Toschi I, Cremona R, Delogu C, Villa D, Cassani E, Pilu R. Low phytic acid 1 mutation in maize modifies density, starch properties, cations, and fiber contents in the seed. J Agric Food Chem 2013; 61:4622-30. [PMID: 23638689 DOI: 10.1021/jf400259h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Monogastric animals are unable to digest phytic acid, so it represents an antinutritional factor and also an environmental problem. One strategy to solve this problem is the utilization of low phytic acid (lpa) mutants that accumulate low levels of phytic P and high levels of free phosphate in the seeds; among the lpa maize mutants lpa1 exhibited the highest reduction of phytic acid in the seed. This study indicated that the low phytic acid mutations exerted pleiotropic effects not directly connected to the phytic acid pathway, such as on seed density, content of ions, and the antioxidant compounds present in the kernels. Furthermore some nutritional properties of the flour were altered by the lpa1 mutations, in particular lignin and protein content, while the starch does not seem to be modified as to the total amount and in the amylose/amylopectin ratio, but alterations were noticed in the structure and size of granules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Landoni
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milano, Italy
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