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Dos Santos MIB, Godoi BH, Da Silva NS, Oliveira LD, de Paula Ramos L, Cintra RC, Pacheco-Soares C. Modulation of heat shock protein expression and cytokine levels in MCF-7 cells through photodynamic therapy. Lasers Med Sci 2024; 39:135. [PMID: 38787412 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-024-04092-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
In this study, we assess the impact of photodynamic therapy (PDT) using aluminum phthalocyanine tetrasulfonate (AlPcS4) on the viability and cellular stress responses of MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Specifically, we investigate changes in cell viability, cytokine production, and the expression of stress-related genes. Experimental groups included control cells, those treated with AlPcS4 only, light-emitting diode (LED) only, and combined PDT. To evaluate these effects on cell viability, cytokine production, and the expression of stress-related genes, techniques such as 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA), and real-time quantitative PCR (RT‒qPCR) were employed. Our findings reveal how PDT with AlPcS4 modulates mitochondrial activity and cytokine responses, shedding light on the cellular pathways essential for cell survival and stress adaptation. This work enhances our understanding of PDT's therapeutic potential and mechanisms in treating breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bruno Henrique Godoi
- Universidade Do Vale Do Paraíba, Av Shishima Hifumi 2911, Urbanova, São José dos Campos, SP, 12244-000, Brazil
| | - Newton Soares Da Silva
- Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Av. Eng. Francisco José Longo, 777 Jardim São Dimas, São José dos Campos, SP, 12245-000, Brazil
- , São José Dos Campos, Brazil
| | - Luciane Dias Oliveira
- Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Av. Eng. Francisco José Longo, 777 Jardim São Dimas, São José dos Campos, SP, 12245-000, Brazil
- , São José Dos Campos, Brazil
| | - Lucas de Paula Ramos
- Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Av. Eng. Francisco José Longo, 777 Jardim São Dimas, São José dos Campos, SP, 12245-000, Brazil
- , São José Dos Campos, Brazil
- University Claude Bernard Lyon, Laboratory Health Systemic Process - P2S, UR4129, Faculty of Medicine Laennec, rue Guillaume Paradin, 69008, Lyon, France
| | - Ricardo Cesar Cintra
- Universidade de São Paulo- R. da Reitoria, 374 Cidade Universitária, Butantã, São Paulo, SP, 05508-220, Brazil
| | - Cristina Pacheco-Soares
- Universidade Do Vale Do Paraíba, Av Shishima Hifumi 2911, Urbanova, São José dos Campos, SP, 12244-000, Brazil.
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Carswell L, Sridharan DM, Chien LC, Hirose W, Giroux V, Nakagawa H, Pluth JM. Modeling Radiation-Induced Epithelial Cell Injury in Murine Three-Dimensional Esophageal Organoids. Biomolecules 2024; 14:519. [PMID: 38785926 PMCID: PMC11118668 DOI: 10.3390/biom14050519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is a deadly consequence of radiation exposure to the esophagus. ESCC arises from esophageal epithelial cells that undergo malignant transformation and features a perturbed squamous cell differentiation program. Understanding the dose- and radiation quality-dependence of the esophageal epithelium response to radiation may provide insights into the ability of radiation to promote ESCC. We have explored factors that may play a role in esophageal epithelial radiosensitivity and their potential relationship to ESCC risk. We have utilized a murine three-dimensional (3D) organoid model that recapitulates the morphology and functions of the stratified squamous epithelium of the esophagus to study persistent dose- and radiation quality-dependent changes. Interestingly, although high-linear energy transfer (LET) Fe ion exposure induced a more intense and persistent alteration of squamous differentiation and 53BP1 DNA damage foci levels as compared to Cs, the MAPK/SAPK stress pathway signaling showed similar altered levels for most phospho-proteins with both radiation qualities. In addition, the lower dose of high-LET exposure also revealed nearly the same degree of morphological changes, even though only ~36% of the cells were predicted to be hit at the lower 0.1 Gy dose, suggesting that a bystander effect may be induced. Although p38 and ERK/MAPK revealed the highest levels following high-LET exposure, the findings reveal that even a low dose (0.1 Gy) of both radiation qualities can elicit a persistent stress signaling response that may critically impact the differentiation gradient of the esophageal epithelium, providing novel insights into the pathogenesis of radiation-induced esophageal injury and early stage esophageal carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lung-Chang Chien
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV 89154, USA;
| | - Wataru Hirose
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; (W.H.); (H.N.)
| | - Véronique Giroux
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Universite de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1E 4K8, Canada;
| | - Hiroshi Nakagawa
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; (W.H.); (H.N.)
- Digestive and Liver Diseases Research Center, Organoid & Cell Culture Core, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Janice M. Pluth
- Health Physics and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV 89154, USA
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Parma B, Wurdak H, Ceppi P. Harnessing mitochondrial metabolism and drug resistance in non-small cell lung cancer and beyond by blocking heat-shock proteins. Drug Resist Updat 2022; 65:100888. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2022.100888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Alamilla-Presuel JC, Burgos-Molina AM, González-Vidal A, Sendra-Portero F, Ruiz-Gómez MJ. Factors and molecular mechanisms of radiation resistance in cancer cells. Int J Radiat Biol 2022; 98:1301-1315. [PMID: 35225732 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2022.2047825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this work is to review the published studies on radiation resistance mechanisms and molecular markers involved in different tumors. The revision has been focused in the last 5 years (2016-2021). CONCLUSIONS Radioresistance is a cause of concern as it causes failure of radiation therapy and subsequent tumor relapse. Combination chemotherapy and radiation therapy are clinically successful in treating many types of tumors. Despite continued improvements in cancer treatment, locoregional recurrence or metastatic spread continues to occur in a high proportion of patients after being treated with radiation therapy or combination treatments. There is strong evidence that cancer stem cells contribute to radiation resistance, contributing to treatment failure. The mechanisms of radiation resistance in different tumors are not fully understood. A better understanding of cancer stem cells and the associated signaling pathways that regulate radiation resistance will open up new strategies for treating cancer by radiation therapy. Radiation can damage malignant cells mainly by the induction of DNA double strand breaks. However, in some tumors appear resistant cells that repopulate the tumor following therapy leading over time to the failure of the treatment. Native mechanisms and induced pathways, are the cause of radiation resistance. It has been described that numerous molecular markers acting through numerous mechanisms of action involved in radiation resistance, such as apoptosis resistance, alterations of cell growth, proliferation and DNA repair, hypoxia, increase in invasiveness and migration capacity, cell cycle alterations and expression of heat shock proteins, among others. Therefore, resistance to radiation is a multifactorial phenomenon that, in different cell types, it occurs through different regulatory mechanisms in which different molecules intervene. Resistance can be acquired by altering different regulatory pathways in different tumors. The knowledge of radiation resistance markers could help in the classification and treatment of patients with more aggressive tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan C Alamilla-Presuel
- Departamento de Radiología y Medicina Física, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, España
| | - Antonio M Burgos-Molina
- Departamento de Especialidades Quirúrgicas, Bioquímica e Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, España
| | - Alejandro González-Vidal
- Departamento de Radiología y Medicina Física, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, España
| | - Francisco Sendra-Portero
- Departamento de Radiología y Medicina Física, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, España
| | - Miguel J Ruiz-Gómez
- Departamento de Radiología y Medicina Física, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, España
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Bauer TA, Eckrich J, Wiesmann N, Kuczelinis F, Sun W, Zeng X, Weber B, Wu S, Bings NH, Strieth S, Barz M. Photocleavable core cross-linked polymeric micelles of polypept(o)ides and ruthenium(II) complexes. J Mater Chem B 2021; 9:8211-8223. [PMID: 34373881 DOI: 10.1039/d1tb01336j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Core cross-linking of polymeric micelles has been demonstrated to contribute to enhanced stability that can improve the therapeutic efficacy. Photochemistry has the potential to provide spatial resolution and on-demand drug release. In this study, light-sensitive polypyridyl-ruthenium(ii) complexes were combined with polypept(o)ides for photocleavable core cross-linked polymeric micelles. Block copolymers of polysarcosine-block-poly(glutamic acid) were synthesized by ring-opening N-carboxyanhydride polymerization and modified with aromatic nitrile-groups on the glutamic acid side chain. The modified copolymers self-assembled into micelles and were cross-linked by cis-diaquabis(2,2'-bipyridine)-ruthenium(ii) ([Ru(bpy)2(H2O)2]2+) or cis-diaquabis(2,2'-biquinoline)-ruthenium(ii) ([Ru(biq)2(H2O)2]2+). Depending on the flexibility and hydrophobicity of the nitrile linker, either small spherical structures (Dh 45 nm, PDI 0.11) or worm-like micelles were obtained. The cross-linking reaction did not affect the overall size distribution but induced a change in the metal-to-ligand charge transfer peak from 482 to 420 nm and 592 to 548 nm. The cross-linked micelles displayed colloidal stability after incubation with human blood plasma and during gel permeation chromatography in hexafluoroisopropanol. Light-induced cleavage of [Ru(bpy)2(H2O)2]2+ was accomplished within 300 s, while [Ru(biq)2(H2O)2]2+ could not be completely released. Analysis in HuH-7 cells revealed increased cytotoxicity via micellar delivery of [Ru(bpy)2(H2O)2]2+ but mostly irradiation damage for [Ru(biq)2(H2O)2]2+. Further evaluation in ovo confirmed stable circulation pointing towards the future development of quick-release complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Alexander Bauer
- Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research (LACDR), Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333CC Leiden, The Netherlands. and Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Jonas Eckrich
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany and Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Medical Center Bonn (UKB), Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Nadine Wiesmann
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Felix Kuczelinis
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Wen Sun
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Xiaolong Zeng
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Benjamin Weber
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Si Wu
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Nicolas Hubert Bings
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Sebastian Strieth
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany and Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Medical Center Bonn (UKB), Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Matthias Barz
- Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research (LACDR), Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333CC Leiden, The Netherlands. and Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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Hypoxia-Induced Cancer Cell Responses Driving Radioresistance of Hypoxic Tumors: Approaches to Targeting and Radiosensitizing. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13051102. [PMID: 33806538 PMCID: PMC7961562 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13051102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Some regions of aggressive malignancies experience hypoxia due to inadequate blood supply. Cancer cells adapting to hypoxic conditions somehow become more resistant to radiation exposure and this decreases the efficacy of radiotherapy toward hypoxic tumors. The present review article helps clarify two intriguing points: why hypoxia-adapted cancer cells turn out radioresistant and how they can be rendered more radiosensitive. The critical molecular targets associated with intratumoral hypoxia and various approaches are here discussed which may be used for sensitizing hypoxic tumors to radiotherapy. Abstract Within aggressive malignancies, there usually are the “hypoxic zones”—poorly vascularized regions where tumor cells undergo oxygen deficiency through inadequate blood supply. Besides, hypoxia may arise in tumors as a result of antiangiogenic therapy or transarterial embolization. Adapting to hypoxia, tumor cells acquire a hypoxia-resistant phenotype with the characteristic alterations in signaling, gene expression and metabolism. Both the lack of oxygen by itself and the hypoxia-responsive phenotypic modulations render tumor cells more radioresistant, so that hypoxic tumors are a serious challenge for radiotherapy. An understanding of causes of the radioresistance of hypoxic tumors would help to develop novel ways for overcoming this challenge. Molecular targets for and various approaches to radiosensitizing hypoxic tumors are considered in the present review. It is here analyzed how the hypoxia-induced cellular responses involving hypoxia-inducible factor-1, heat shock transcription factor 1, heat shock proteins, glucose-regulated proteins, epigenetic regulators, autophagy, energy metabolism reprogramming, epithelial–mesenchymal transition and exosome generation contribute to the radioresistance of hypoxic tumors or may be inhibited for attenuating this radioresistance. The pretreatments with a multitarget inhibition of the cancer cell adaptation to hypoxia seem to be a promising approach to sensitizing hypoxic carcinomas, gliomas, lymphomas, sarcomas to radiotherapy and, also, liver tumors to radioembolization.
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Edkins AL, Boshoff A. General Structural and Functional Features of Molecular Chaperones. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1340:11-73. [PMID: 34569020 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-78397-6_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Molecular chaperones are a group of structurally diverse and highly conserved ubiquitous proteins. They play crucial roles in facilitating the correct folding of proteins in vivo by preventing protein aggregation or facilitating the appropriate folding and assembly of proteins. Heat shock proteins form the major class of molecular chaperones that are responsible for protein folding events in the cell. This is achieved by ATP-dependent (folding machines) or ATP-independent mechanisms (holders). Heat shock proteins are induced by a variety of stresses, besides heat shock. The large and varied heat shock protein class is categorised into several subfamilies based on their sizes in kDa namely, small Hsps (HSPB), J domain proteins (Hsp40/DNAJ), Hsp60 (HSPD/E; Chaperonins), Hsp70 (HSPA), Hsp90 (HSPC), and Hsp100. Heat shock proteins are localised to different compartments in the cell to carry out tasks specific to their environment. Most heat shock proteins form large oligomeric structures, and their functions are usually regulated by a variety of cochaperones and cofactors. Heat shock proteins do not function in isolation but are rather part of the chaperone network in the cell. The general structural and functional features of the major heat shock protein families are discussed, including their roles in human disease. Their function is particularly important in disease due to increased stress in the cell. Vector-borne parasites affecting human health encounter stress during transmission between invertebrate vectors and mammalian hosts. Members of the main classes of heat shock proteins are all represented in Plasmodium falciparum, the causative agent of cerebral malaria, and they play specific functions in differentiation, cytoprotection, signal transduction, and virulence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrienne Lesley Edkins
- Biomedical Biotechnology Research Unit (BioBRU), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rhodes University, Makhanda/Grahamstown, South Africa.
- Rhodes University, Makhanda/Grahamstown, South Africa.
| | - Aileen Boshoff
- Rhodes University, Makhanda/Grahamstown, South Africa.
- Biotechnology Innovation Centre, Rhodes University, Makhanda/Grahamstown, South Africa.
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Ibrahimovic M, Franzmann E, Mondul AM, Weh KM, Howard C, Hu JJ, Goodwin WJ, Kresty LA. Disparities in Head and Neck Cancer: A Case for Chemoprevention with Vitamin D. Nutrients 2020; 12:E2638. [PMID: 32872541 PMCID: PMC7551909 DOI: 10.3390/nu12092638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Blacks experience disproportionate head and neck cancer (HNC) recurrence and mortality compared to Whites. Overall, vitamin D status is inversely associated to HNC pointing to a potential protective linkage. Although hypovitaminosis D in Blacks is well documented it has not been investigated in Black HNC patients. Thus, we conducted a prospective pilot study accessing vitamin D status in newly diagnosed HNC patients stratified by race and conducted in vitro studies to investigate mechanisms associated with potential cancer inhibitory effects of vitamin D. Outcome measures included circulating levels of vitamin D, related nutrients, and risk factor characterization as well as dietary and supplemental estimates. Vitamin D-based in vitro assays utilized proteome and microRNA (miR) profiling. Nineteen patients were enrolled, mean circulating vitamin D levels were significantly reduced in Black compared to White HNC patients, 27.3 and 20.0 ng/mL, respectively. Whites also supplemented vitamin D more frequently than Blacks who had non-significantly higher vitamin D from dietary sources. Vitamin D treatment of HNC cell lines revealed five significantly altered miRs regulating genes targeting multiple pathways in cancer based on enrichment analysis (i.e., negative regulation of cell proliferation, angiogenesis, chemokine, MAPK, and WNT signaling). Vitamin D further altered proteins involved in cancer progression, metastasis and survival supporting a potential role for vitamin D in targeted cancer prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirela Ibrahimovic
- The Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (M.I.); (A.M.M.); (K.M.W.); (C.H.)
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Elizabeth Franzmann
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (E.F.); (J.J.H.); (W.J.G.)
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Alison M. Mondul
- The Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (M.I.); (A.M.M.); (K.M.W.); (C.H.)
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Katherine M. Weh
- The Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (M.I.); (A.M.M.); (K.M.W.); (C.H.)
- Department of Surgery, Thoracic Surgery Section, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Connor Howard
- The Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (M.I.); (A.M.M.); (K.M.W.); (C.H.)
- Department of Surgery, Thoracic Surgery Section, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Jennifer J. Hu
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (E.F.); (J.J.H.); (W.J.G.)
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - W. Jarrard Goodwin
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (E.F.); (J.J.H.); (W.J.G.)
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Laura A. Kresty
- The Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (M.I.); (A.M.M.); (K.M.W.); (C.H.)
- Department of Surgery, Thoracic Surgery Section, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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