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Hesami M, Pepe M, de Ronne M, Yoosefzadeh-Najafabadi M, Adamek K, Torkamaneh D, Jones AMP. Transcriptomic Profiling of Embryogenic and Non-Embryogenic Callus Provides New Insight into the Nature of Recalcitrance in Cannabis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14625. [PMID: 37834075 PMCID: PMC10572465 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Differential gene expression profiles of various cannabis calli including non-embryogenic and embryogenic (i.e., rooty and embryonic callus) were examined in this study to enhance our understanding of callus development in cannabis and facilitate the development of improved strategies for plant regeneration and biotechnological applications in this economically valuable crop. A total of 6118 genes displayed significant differential expression, with 1850 genes downregulated and 1873 genes upregulated in embryogenic callus compared to non-embryogenic callus. Notably, 196 phytohormone-related genes exhibited distinctly different expression patterns in the calli types, highlighting the crucial role of plant growth regulator (PGRs) signaling in callus development. Furthermore, 42 classes of transcription factors demonstrated differential expressions among the callus types, suggesting their involvement in the regulation of callus development. The evaluation of epigenetic-related genes revealed the differential expression of 247 genes in all callus types. Notably, histone deacetylases, chromatin remodeling factors, and EMBRYONIC FLOWER 2 emerged as key epigenetic-related genes, displaying upregulation in embryogenic calli compared to non-embryogenic calli. Their upregulation correlated with the repression of embryogenesis-related genes, including LEC2, AGL15, and BBM, presumably inhibiting the transition from embryogenic callus to somatic embryogenesis. These findings underscore the significance of epigenetic regulation in determining the developmental fate of cannabis callus. Generally, our results provide comprehensive insights into gene expression dynamics and molecular mechanisms underlying the development of diverse cannabis calli. The observed repression of auxin-dependent pathway-related genes may contribute to the recalcitrant nature of cannabis, shedding light on the challenges associated with efficient cannabis tissue culture and regeneration protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Hesami
- Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (M.H.)
| | - Marco Pepe
- Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (M.H.)
| | - Maxime de Ronne
- Département de Phytologie, Université Laval, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes (IBIS), Université Laval, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Centre de Recherche et d’innovation sur les Végétaux (CRIV), Université Laval, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | | | - Kristian Adamek
- Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (M.H.)
| | - Davoud Torkamaneh
- Département de Phytologie, Université Laval, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes (IBIS), Université Laval, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Centre de Recherche et d’innovation sur les Végétaux (CRIV), Université Laval, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Institut Intelligence et Données (IID), Université Laval, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
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Polesi LG, Goeten D, Fraga HPDF, Steiner N, Guerra MP. Enzymatic Antioxidant System Activation Assures the Viability of Guadua chacoensis (Bambusoideae, Poaceae) Embryogenic Cultures during Cryopreservation. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:673. [PMID: 36771757 PMCID: PMC9920021 DOI: 10.3390/plants12030673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to establish a cryopreservation protocol for G. chacoensis embryogenic cultures (ECs) and to investigate the role of antioxidant enzymes activities during cryopreservation. The growth dynamics of cell suspensions were also investigated, followed by a phytotoxicity test to assess the ECs' ability to tolerate the use of cryoprotective solutions for different incubation times (0, 30, 60, 120, and 240 min). We evaluated the EC redox state in three steps of cryopreservation: after incubation in cryoprotection solution, after thawing, and 60 days after regrowth. Our results showed that the ECs support the use of cryoprotective solution until 120 min, showing phytotoxic effects with 240 min of incubation. This study reports a 100% survival of the cultures and a 10% increase ratio in fresh material for both incubation times tested (60 and 120 min). Increased malonaldehyde content was identified after incubation in the cryoprotective solution. An increase in the activities of catalase and ascorbate peroxidase was also identified in the subsequent steps, suggesting that the activation of antioxidant enzymes is essential for maintaining cell homeostasis during cryopreservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiza Giacomolli Polesi
- Graduate Program in Plant Genetic Resources, Laboratory of Plant Developmental Physiology and Genetics, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88034-001, SC, Brazil
| | - Daniela Goeten
- Graduate Program in Plant Genetic Resources, Laboratory of Plant Developmental Physiology and Genetics, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88034-001, SC, Brazil
- Departament of Botany, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-535, SC, Brazil
| | | | - Neusa Steiner
- Graduate Program in Plant Genetic Resources, Laboratory of Plant Developmental Physiology and Genetics, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88034-001, SC, Brazil
- Departament of Botany, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-535, SC, Brazil
| | - Miguel Pedro Guerra
- Graduate Program in Plant Genetic Resources, Laboratory of Plant Developmental Physiology and Genetics, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88034-001, SC, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Agricultural and Natural Ecosystems, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Curitibanos Campus, Ulysses Gaboardi Road, Km 3, Curitibanos 89520-000, SC, Brazil
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