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Pilati N, Pressanto MC, Beccati F, Pepe M, Venditti R, Gialletti R. Ultrasonographic findings of fluid accumulation and hyperechogenic spots suggestive of surgical site infection following laparotomy for colic in horses. Vet Rec 2024:e4045. [PMID: 38578431 DOI: 10.1002/vetr.4045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to compare ultrasonographic findings of the ventral midline incision after exploratory laparotomy for colic in horses with and without surgical site infection (SSI). METHODS Ultrasonographic examination of the surgical wound was performed on postoperative day 5 (D5) and day 10 (D10) to assess the presence of fluid accumulation, suture sinus formation, hyperechogenic spots and fistulous path. Clinical evaluation of the wound was used to classify horses with and without SSI. The accuracy, sensitivity, specificity and positive and negative predictive values of the ultrasonographic findings were then calculated. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed with SSI as a dependent variable and age, sex, breed and ultrasonographic findings as independent variables after univariate and collinearity analyses. RESULTS Twenty-nine of the 84 horses examined had an SSI. Detection of fluid accumulation and hyperechogenic spots increased the odds for SSI at D5 (odds ratio [OR]: 4.99, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.53-16.33, p = 0.008; OR: 10.78, 95% CI: 1.75-26.59, p = 0.01, respectively) and D10 (OR: 11.51, 95% CI: 2.39-55.47, p = 0.002; OR: 12.34, 95% CI: 3.45-44.15, p < 0.001, respectively). LIMITATION Ultrasonographic images were taken only on the longitudinal section. CONCLUSION Ultrasonographic examination is helpful in evaluating the surgical incision after laparotomy, with the detection of fluid accumulation and hyperechogenic spots surrounding the sutures being strongly related to SSI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Pilati
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Matelica, Italy
| | - Maria Chiara Pressanto
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
- Cotts Equine Hospital, Narberth, UK
| | - Francesca Beccati
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Sport Horse Research Centre, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Marco Pepe
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Sport Horse Research Centre, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Rossella Venditti
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Rodolfo Gialletti
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Sport Horse Research Centre, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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Pepe M, Hesami M, de la Cerda KA, Perreault ML, Hsiang T, Jones AMP. A journey with psychedelic mushrooms: From historical relevance to biology, cultivation, medicinal uses, biotechnology, and beyond. Biotechnol Adv 2023; 69:108247. [PMID: 37659744 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2023.108247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023]
Abstract
Psychedelic mushrooms containing psilocybin and related tryptamines have long been used for ethnomycological purposes, but emerging evidence points to the potential therapeutic value of these mushrooms to address modern neurological, psychiatric health, and related disorders. As a result, psilocybin containing mushrooms represent a re-emerging frontier for mycological, biochemical, neuroscience, and pharmacology research. This work presents crucial information related to traditional use of psychedelic mushrooms, as well as research trends and knowledge gaps related to their diversity and distribution, technologies for quantification of tryptamines and other tryptophan-derived metabolites, as well as biosynthetic mechanisms for their production within mushrooms. In addition, we explore the current state of knowledge for how psilocybin and related tryptamines are metabolized in humans and their pharmacological effects, including beneficial and hazardous human health implications. Finally, we describe opportunities and challenges for investigating the production of psychedelic mushrooms and metabolic engineering approaches to alter secondary metabolite profiles using biotechnology integrated with machine learning. Ultimately, this critical review of all aspects related to psychedelic mushrooms represents a roadmap for future research efforts that will pave the way to new applications and refined protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Pepe
- Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Guelph, Canada
| | - Mohsen Hesami
- Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Guelph, Canada
| | - Karla A de la Cerda
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Guelph, Canada
| | - Melissa L Perreault
- Departments of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tom Hsiang
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Guelph, Canada
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Hesami M, Pepe M, Jones AMP. Morphological Characterization of Cannabis sativa L. Throughout Its Complete Life Cycle. Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:3646. [PMID: 37896109 PMCID: PMC10610221 DOI: 10.3390/plants12203646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
This study extensively characterizes the morphological characteristics, including the leaf morphology, plant structure, flower development, and trichome features throughout the entire life cycle of Cannabis sativa L. cv. White Widow. The developmental responses to photoperiodic variations were investigated from germination to mature plant senescence. The leaf morphology showed a progression of complexity, beginning with serrations in the 1st true leaves, until the emergence of nine leaflets in the 6th true leaves, followed by a distinct shift to eight, then seven leaflets with the 14th and 15th true leaves, respectively. Thereafter, the leaf complexity decreased, culminating in the emergence of a single leaflet from the 25th node. The leaf area peaked with the 12th leaves, which coincided with a change from opposite to alternate phyllotaxy. The stipule development at nodes 5 and 6 signified the vegetative phase, followed by bract and solitary flower development emerging in nodes 7-12, signifying the reproductive phase. The subsequent induction of short-day photoperiod triggered the formation of apical inflorescence. Mature flowers displayed abundant glandular trichomes on perigonal bracts, with stigma color changing from whitish-yellow to reddish-brown. A pronounced increase in trichome density was evident, particularly on the abaxial bract surface, following the onset of flowering. The trichomes exhibited simultaneous growth in stalk length and glandular head diameter and pronounced shifts in color. Hermaphroditism occurred well after the general harvest date. This comprehensive study documents the intricate photoperiod-driven morphological changes throughout the complete lifecycle of Cannabis sativa L. cv. White Widow. The developmental responses characterized provide valuable insights for industrial and research applications.
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Hesami M, Pepe M, de Ronne M, Yoosefzadeh-Najafabadi M, Adamek K, Torkamaneh D, Jones AMP. Transcriptomic Profiling of Embryogenic and Non-Embryogenic Callus Provides New Insight into the Nature of Recalcitrance in Cannabis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14625. [PMID: 37834075 PMCID: PMC10572465 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Differential gene expression profiles of various cannabis calli including non-embryogenic and embryogenic (i.e., rooty and embryonic callus) were examined in this study to enhance our understanding of callus development in cannabis and facilitate the development of improved strategies for plant regeneration and biotechnological applications in this economically valuable crop. A total of 6118 genes displayed significant differential expression, with 1850 genes downregulated and 1873 genes upregulated in embryogenic callus compared to non-embryogenic callus. Notably, 196 phytohormone-related genes exhibited distinctly different expression patterns in the calli types, highlighting the crucial role of plant growth regulator (PGRs) signaling in callus development. Furthermore, 42 classes of transcription factors demonstrated differential expressions among the callus types, suggesting their involvement in the regulation of callus development. The evaluation of epigenetic-related genes revealed the differential expression of 247 genes in all callus types. Notably, histone deacetylases, chromatin remodeling factors, and EMBRYONIC FLOWER 2 emerged as key epigenetic-related genes, displaying upregulation in embryogenic calli compared to non-embryogenic calli. Their upregulation correlated with the repression of embryogenesis-related genes, including LEC2, AGL15, and BBM, presumably inhibiting the transition from embryogenic callus to somatic embryogenesis. These findings underscore the significance of epigenetic regulation in determining the developmental fate of cannabis callus. Generally, our results provide comprehensive insights into gene expression dynamics and molecular mechanisms underlying the development of diverse cannabis calli. The observed repression of auxin-dependent pathway-related genes may contribute to the recalcitrant nature of cannabis, shedding light on the challenges associated with efficient cannabis tissue culture and regeneration protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Hesami
- Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (M.H.)
| | - Marco Pepe
- Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (M.H.)
| | - Maxime de Ronne
- Département de Phytologie, Université Laval, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes (IBIS), Université Laval, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Centre de Recherche et d’innovation sur les Végétaux (CRIV), Université Laval, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | | | - Kristian Adamek
- Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (M.H.)
| | - Davoud Torkamaneh
- Département de Phytologie, Université Laval, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes (IBIS), Université Laval, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Centre de Recherche et d’innovation sur les Végétaux (CRIV), Université Laval, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Institut Intelligence et Données (IID), Université Laval, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
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Tognoloni A, Bartolini D, Pepe M, Di Meo A, Porcellato I, Guidoni K, Galli F, Chiaradia E. Platelets Rich Plasma Increases Antioxidant Defenses of Tenocytes via Nrf2 Signal Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13299. [PMID: 37686103 PMCID: PMC10488198 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Tendinopathies are common disabling conditions in equine and human athletes. The etiology is still unclear, although reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidative stress (OS) seem to play a crucial role. In addition, OS has been implicated in the failure of tendon lesion repair. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is rich in growth factors that promote tissue regeneration. This is a promising therapeutic approach in tendon injury. Moreover, growing evidence has been attributed to PRP antioxidant effects that can sustain tissue healing. In this study, the potential antioxidant effects of PRP in tenocytes exposed to oxidative stress were investigated. The results demonstrated that PRP reduces protein and lipid oxidative damage and protects tenocytes from OS-induced cell death. The results also showed that PRP was able to increase nuclear levels of redox-dependent transcription factor Nrf2 and to induce some antioxidant/phase II detoxifying enzymes (superoxide dismutase 2, catalase, heme oxygenase 1, NAD(P)H oxidoreductase quinone-1, glutamate cysteine ligase catalytic subunit and glutathione, S-transferase). Moreover, PRP also increased the enzymatic activity of catalase and glutathione S-transferase. In conclusion, this study suggests that PRP could activate various cellular signaling pathways, including the Nrf2 pathway, for the restoration of tenocyte homeostasis and to promote tendon regeneration and repair following tendon injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Tognoloni
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (A.T.); (M.P.); (A.D.M.); (I.P.); (K.G.)
| | - Desiree Bartolini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, 06122 Perugia, Italy; (D.B.); (F.G.)
| | - Marco Pepe
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (A.T.); (M.P.); (A.D.M.); (I.P.); (K.G.)
| | - Antonio Di Meo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (A.T.); (M.P.); (A.D.M.); (I.P.); (K.G.)
| | - Ilaria Porcellato
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (A.T.); (M.P.); (A.D.M.); (I.P.); (K.G.)
| | - Kubra Guidoni
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (A.T.); (M.P.); (A.D.M.); (I.P.); (K.G.)
| | - Francesco Galli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, 06122 Perugia, Italy; (D.B.); (F.G.)
| | - Elisabetta Chiaradia
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (A.T.); (M.P.); (A.D.M.); (I.P.); (K.G.)
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Pressanto MC, Pepe M, Coomer RPC, Pilati N, Beccati F. Radiographic abnormalities of the thoracolumbar spinous processes do not differ between yearling and trained Thoroughbred horses without perceived back pain. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2023; 261:844-851. [PMID: 36933209 DOI: 10.2460/javma.22.09.0419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this prospective study was to investigate the prevalence and severity of radiographic abnormalities of the interspinous spaces (ISSs) in the thoracolumbar vertebral column of unbroken yearlings and to compare these findings with a group of older trained Thoroughbred horses without perceived back pain. ANIMALS Yearlings (n = 47) and trained horses (55); 102 total. PROCEDURES Each horse underwent a digital radiographic study of the thoracolumbar vertebral column (T7-L3) and each space graded for narrowing of the ISSs, increased opacity, radiolucency, and modeling of the cranial and caudal margins of 2 contiguous dorsal spinous processes (DSPs). This generated both an individual anatomical space score for each space and a total score for each horse for subsequent comparison. Statistical analysis of the results was then undertaken. RESULTS Narrowing and impingement were detected in a third of the examined ISSs, while DSP increased opacity, radiolucencies, and modeling were found in over half of the yearlings. The median total score per horse was 33 (0 to 96) in the yearlings and 30 (0 to 101) in trained horses, indicating no significant difference in radiographic abnormalities (P = .91). Likewise, the median total score per anatomical space was 112 (25 to 259) and 127.5 (24 to 284) in the yearlings and trained horses (P = .83). No differences were found between the groups for number of radiographic abnormalities, scores, and total score. CLINICAL RELEVANCE This study reported the incidence of DSP radiographic abnormalities in Thoroughbred horses. The absence of difference in occurrence between yearlings and older horses supported a developmental rather than acquired etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Chiara Pressanto
- 1Veterinary Teaching Hospital of the University of Perugia, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Perugia, Italy
- 2Cotts Equine Hospital, Robeston Wathen, Narberth, Pembrokeshire, UK
| | - Marco Pepe
- 1Veterinary Teaching Hospital of the University of Perugia, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Perugia, Italy
- 3Sport Horse Research Center, University of Perugia, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Perugia, Italy
| | | | - Nicola Pilati
- 1Veterinary Teaching Hospital of the University of Perugia, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Perugia, Italy
- 4School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Matelica, Italy
| | - Francesca Beccati
- 1Veterinary Teaching Hospital of the University of Perugia, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Perugia, Italy
- 3Sport Horse Research Center, University of Perugia, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Perugia, Italy
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Scilimati N, Angeli G, Di Meo A, Dall’Aglio C, Pepe M, Beccati F. Post-Mortem Computed Tomographic Features of the Most Caudal Lumbar Vertebrae, Anatomical Variations and Acquired Osseous Pathological Changes, in a Mixed Population of Horses. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13040743. [PMID: 36830530 PMCID: PMC9951930 DOI: 10.3390/ani13040743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The radiographic, ultrasonographic, and scintigraphic findings of horses with thoracolumbosacral pain have been previously reported. In this study, the computed tomographic appearance of anatomical variations and pathological changes of the equine caudal lumbar region through a post-mortem examination were investigated. A total of 40 horses that had died or were submitted for euthanasia, for reasons unrelated to the study, were included in the study. From all the specimens, the modified vertebral system was adopted to evaluate and describe the four most caudal lumbar vertebrae, which were numbered from a caudal reference point (lumbosacral junction), with the segment number designated within parentheses (i.e., L(i)-L(iv)). Contact of the spinous processes was detected in 21 specimens (54%) and fusion in 6 specimens (15%). Lumbar spondylosis was seen in 17 specimens (42.5%), more commonly on the lateral aspect or on both ventral and lateral aspects in 12 specimens (71%). The presence of spondylosis was found more commonly in older horses (p < 0.001). There was no difference in bony density in specimens with spondylosis or spinous processes contact compared to specimens without. The highest prevalence of bony changes was found at L(ii)-L(i) intertransverse joints in 28 specimens (97%) on the left and in 22 specimens (96%) on the right side. Spondylolisthesis and partial fusion of the L(ii)-L(i) vertebral disc were found in association with degenerative pathologies. This study showed a high frequency of several anatomical variations and acquired osseous pathological changes in the most caudal lumbar vertebrae via a CT examination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Scilimati
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, 06126 Perugia, PG, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Giovanni Angeli
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, 06126 Perugia, PG, Italy
| | - Antonio Di Meo
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, 06126 Perugia, PG, Italy
| | - Cecilia Dall’Aglio
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, 06126 Perugia, PG, Italy
| | - Marco Pepe
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, 06126 Perugia, PG, Italy
- Sport Horse Research Centre, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, 06126 Perugia, PG, Italy
| | - Francesca Beccati
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, 06126 Perugia, PG, Italy
- Sport Horse Research Centre, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, 06126 Perugia, PG, Italy
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Carraturo F, Di Perna T, Giannicola V, Nacchia MA, Pepe M, Muzii B, Bottone M, Sperandeo R, Bochicchio V, Maldonato NM, Scandurra C. Envy, Social Comparison, and Depression on Social Networking Sites: A Systematic Review. Eur J Investig Health Psychol Educ 2023; 13:364-376. [PMID: 36826211 PMCID: PMC9955439 DOI: 10.3390/ejihpe13020027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aims to review the evidence for the reciprocal relationship between envy and social comparison (SC) on social networking sites (SNSs) and depression. We searched PsychINFO, PubMed, and Web of Science from January 2012 to November 2022, adhering to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. A total of 9 articles met our inclusion criteria. In all articles reviewed, a simple correlation was found between SC on SNSs, envy, and depression. Three cross-sectional studies successfully tested a model with envy as a mediator between SNSs and depression. The moderating role of additional variables such as self-efficacy, neuroticism, SC orientation, marital quality, and friendship type was also evident. The only two studies that were suitable to determine direction found that depression acted as a predictor rather than an outcome of SC and envy, and therefore depression might be a relevant risk factor for the negative emotional consequences of SNSs use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Carraturo
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Tiziana Di Perna
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Viviana Giannicola
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Marco Alfonso Nacchia
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Marco Pepe
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Benedetta Muzii
- Department of Humanistic Studies, University of Naples Federico II, 80133 Napoli, Italy
| | - Mario Bottone
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Raffaele Sperandeo
- School of Integrated Gestalt Psychotherapy—SIPGI, 80058 Torre Annunziata, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Bochicchio
- Department of Humanistic Studies, University of Calabria, 87036 Cosenza, Italy
| | - Nelson Mauro Maldonato
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Cristiano Scandurra
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Napoli, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-3341523239
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Pepe M, Lombardi R, Ferrara G, Agnetti S, Martinelli E. Experimental Characterisation of Lime-Based Textile-Reinforced Mortar Systems Made of Either Jute or Flax Fabrics. Materials (Basel) 2023; 16:709. [PMID: 36676446 PMCID: PMC9861066 DOI: 10.3390/ma16020709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Existing buildings are often in need of strengthening interventions, and several technical solutions have been recently developed for this purpose. Among them, the use of textile-reinforced mortar (TRM) composites has gained consensus as a technically viable and economically convenient option. Moreover, TRM has the potential to be employed as a reversible and sustainable strengthening technique for masonry buildings. In this context, the present paper aims to investigate the mechanical properties of TRM systems consisting of sustainable phases, such as lime-based matrices and natural fabrics produced by waiving fibers obtained from plants, such as Jute or Flax. This class composite system can be referred to as natural TRM and is denoted by the acronym NTRM. The present study moves from the geometric and mechanical characterisation of fibres and fabrics and, after having also investigated the properties of the mortar, it reports the results of tensile tests carried out on specimens of the NTRM systems under consideration, with the main aim of providing the empirical bases of the relationships between the geometric and physical properties of the constituents and the resulting mechanical response of the composite system. The obtained results show that the considered Flax-TRM system has an apparent composite behavior, as its response to tension is clearly characterised by the well-known three stages corresponding to the elastic response, the formation of cracks, and the reinforcement response up to rupture. Conversely, the Jute-TRM system needs to be further improved in terms of balance between the properties of the matrix and the internal reinforcement. Further studies will be devoted to this specific aspect and, more generally, to investigating the relationships between constituents' properties and the NTRM behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Pepe
- DICiv—Department of Civil Engineering, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
- TESIS srl, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
| | - Rosario Lombardi
- DICiv—Department of Civil Engineering, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Ferrara
- DISAT—Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca Degli Abruzzi, 24, 10129 Torino, Italy
| | | | - Enzo Martinelli
- DICiv—Department of Civil Engineering, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
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Campana P, Forzano I, Pepe M, Basile C, Perillo EF, Ranieri A, Conte M, Parisi V, Sibilio G. 43 CARDIAC TROPONINS AND COVID-19: WHAT DO WE KNOW ABOUT HETEROPHILIC ANTIBODIES? Eur Heart J Suppl 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartjsupp/suac121.502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
During the Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic, a significant increase in cardiovascular events and death for acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI) has been widely described. In turn, cardiac troponins represent the main serum diagnostic biomarkers of AMI. However, several mechanisms of troponins elevation other than AMI could be identified such as the analytic interference due to the Heterophilic Antibodies (HA), which represents a less explored and underestimated cause.
Methods
The research of the following keywords “Heterophilic” or “Heterophile Antibodies” associated with “Troponin”, “Troponin I”, “Troponin T” or “High-sensitive Troponin” have identified 73 works in the most popular bibliographic databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, in which the first was published in 1998. In our systematic review, the inclusion criteria have considered all the works in which clinical information about the patients are described. The results have included 55 papers for an overall population of 128 cases that have presented HA's interference in troponins’ assay. In the great part of the works, HA's capture test has been performed to diagnose this interference. The association between HA and COVID-19 has also been explored with the identification of three works in scientific literature. In addition, we reported a clinical case of a young patient with persistent high serum ultra-sensitive Troponin levels due to HA, during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Results
The results have indicated the most at-risk population in patients with a history of multiple hospitalizations and with poor cardiovascular risk factors, who usually complained of atypical chest pain combined with persistent elevation of cardiac troponins without high CK-MB values.
Instead, only a few data could be isolated in the literature about HA's interference on troponins essay in COVID-19 patients. However, has been widely ascertained how increased serum levels of cardiac troponins have been identified in most of the SARS-COV-2 swabs positive populations, and several cardiac and extracardiac mechanisms may explain this condition.
Conclusions
The description of the most common clinical features of patients with HA's interference could help clinicians to early recognize this phenomenon, reducing the number of instrumental examinations and the hospitalization period of these patients. Therefore, the analytical mistake due to HA could be always considered in AMI differential diagnosis, and the use of HA's capture test in the at-risk population may determine an early diagnosis. Finally, the HA's phenomenon could increase during the COVID-19 period, considering how infections and vaccinations may stimulate heterophile's activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasquale Campana
- Universita’ Degli Studi Di Napoli Federico II
- Casa Di Cura San Michele, Maddaloni
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Maddalena Conte
- Universita’ Degli Studi Di Napoli Federico II
- Casa Di Cura San Michele, Maddaloni
| | - Valentina Parisi
- Universita’ Degli Studi Di Napoli Federico II
- Casa Di Cura San Michele, Maddaloni
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11
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Pepe M, Marie TRJG, Leonardos ED, Hesami M, Rana N, Jones AMP, Grodzinski B. Tissue culture coupled with a gas exchange system offers new perspectives on phenotyping the developmental biology of Solanum lycopersicum L. cv. 'MicroTom'. Front Plant Sci 2022; 13:1025477. [PMID: 36438083 PMCID: PMC9691339 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1025477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Solanum lycopersicum L. cv. 'Microtom' (MicroTom) is a model organism with a relatively rapid life cycle, and wide library of genetic mutants available to study different aspects of plant development. Despite its small stature, conventional MicroTom research often requires expensive growth cabinets and/or expansive greenhouse space, limiting the number of experimental and control replications needed for experiments, and can render plants susceptible to pests and disease. Thus, alternative experimental approaches must be devised to reduce the footprint of experimental units and limit the occurrence problematic confounding variables. Here, tissue culture is presented as a powerful option for MicroTom research that can quell the complications associated with conventional MicroTom research methods. A previously established, non-invasive, analytical tissue culture system is used to compare in vitro and conventionally produced MicroTom by assessing photosynthesis, respiration, diurnal carbon gain, and fruit pigments. To our knowledge, this is the first publication that measures in vitro MicroTom fruit pigments and compares diurnal photosynthetic/respiration responses to abiotic factors between in vitro and ex vitro MicroTom. Comparable trends would validate tissue culture as a new benchmark method in MicroTom research, as it is like Arabidopsis, allowing replicable, statistically valid, high throughput genotyping and selective phenotyping experiments. Combining the model plant MicroTom with advanced tissue culture methods makes it possible to study bonsai-style MicroTom responses to light, temperature, and atmospheric stimuli in the absence of confounding abiotic stress factors that would otherwise be unachievable using conventional methods.
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Scilimati N, Beccati F, Dall'Aglio C, Di Meo A, Pepe M. Age and sex correlate with bony changes and anatomic variations of the lumbosacroiliac region of the vertebral column in a mixed population of horses. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2022; 261:258-265. [PMID: 36350755 DOI: 10.2460/javma.22.07.0293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To provide a postmortem description of anatomic variations and changes of the lumbosacroiliac region in horses. The authors hypothesized that lesion severity would increase with age and body weight and correlate to anatomic variations. SAMPLES Lumbosacroiliac vertebral specimens from 38 horses (mean age, 16 years; range, 5 to 30 years) that died or were euthanized for reasons unrelated to the study between November 2019 and October 2021. PROCEDURES The lumbosacroiliac region of the vertebral column was removed from each cadaver. After dissection, disarticulation, and boiling, the anatomic specimens were examined for anatomic variations and osseous changes of the articular process joints (APJs), intertransverse joints (ITJs), and sacroiliac joints (SIJs). The lengths of L6-S1 intertransverse articular surfaces were measured and their ratios calculated. Descriptive statistics were obtained, and the χ2 test was used to assess differences in anatomic variations and abnormal changes of the APJs, ITJs, and SIJs. RESULTS The most common anatomic variation was a sacrum-like shape of the transverse processes of L6 (29/38 [76%]) and converging orientation of dorsal spinous process of L6 (33/38 [87%]). The highest prevalence of bony changes was detected at L5-L6 (right, 34/38 [89%]; left, 33/38 [87%]) and L6-S1 APJs (right, 38/38 [100%]; left, 37/38 [97%]) and at SIJs (right, 32/38 [86%]; left, 31/38 [82%]). The shape of L6 transverse processes differed between breed (P = .01) and was associated with presence of L4-L5 ITJs (P < .01). CLINICAL RELEVANCE Age and sex were associated with changes of the sacral dorsal spinous processes, ITJs, and APJs. The clinical significance of these findings could not be confirmed based on the study limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Scilimati
- 1Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Francesca Beccati
- 1Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.,2Sport Horse Research Centre, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Cecilia Dall'Aglio
- 1Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Antonio Di Meo
- 1Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Marco Pepe
- 1Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.,2Sport Horse Research Centre, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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Hesami M, Pepe M, Baiton A, Salami SA, Jones AMP. New Insight into Ornamental Applications of Cannabis: Perspectives and Challenges. Plants (Basel) 2022; 11:plants11182383. [PMID: 36145783 PMCID: PMC9505140 DOI: 10.3390/plants11182383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The characteristic growth habit, abundant green foliage, and aromatic inflorescences of cannabis provide the plant with an ideal profile as an ornamental plant. However, due to legal barriers, the horticulture industry has yet to consider the ornamental relevance of cannabis. To evaluate its suitability for introduction as a new ornamental species, multifaceted commercial criteria were analyzed. Results indicate that ornamental cannabis would be of high value as a potted-plant or in landscaping. However, the readiness timescale for ornamental cannabis completely depends on its legal status. Then, the potential of cannabis chemotype Ⅴ, which is nearly devoid of phytocannabinoids and psychoactive properties, as the foundation for breeding ornamental traits through mutagenesis, somaclonal variation, and genome editing approaches has been highlighted. Ultimately, legalization and breeding for ornamental utility offers boundless opportunities related to economics and executive business branding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Hesami
- Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Marco Pepe
- Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Austin Baiton
- Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Seyed Alireza Salami
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural Science and Engineering, University of Tehran, Karaj 31587-77871, Iran
- Industrial and Medical Cannabis Research Institute (IMCRI), Tehran 14176-14411, Iran
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Penna R, Feo L, Martinelli E, Pepe M. Theoretical Modelling of the Degradation Processes Induced by Freeze-Thaw Cycles on Bond-Slip Laws of Fibres in High-Performance Fibre-Reinforced Concrete. Materials (Basel) 2022; 15:6122. [PMID: 36079503 PMCID: PMC9457734 DOI: 10.3390/ma15176122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
High-performance fibre-reinforced concrete (HPFRC) is a composite material in which the advantages of fibre-reinforced concrete (FRC) are combined with those of a high-performance concrete (HPC), which mitigates the weaknesses of conventional concrete and improves its overall performance. With the aim to reduce the long-term maintenance costs of structures, such as heavily loaded bridges, HPFRC is highly recommended due to its major durability performance. Specifically, its good antifreezing property makes it suitable for application in cold regions where cyclic freeze-thaw conditions cause the concrete to degrade. In this paper, a numerical simulation of the degradation processes induced by freeze-thaw cycles on bond-slip laws in HPFRC beam specimens has been developed so as to assess their effect on the flexural response of specimens as the fibres' volume percentage changes. Their cracking strength, postcracking strength, and toughness were predicted, with the present model being able to predict the cracking strength, postcracking strength and toughness of the HPFRC beam element under bending load conditions. Its accuracy was confirmed by comparing the model predictions with experimental results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Penna
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy or
| | - Luciano Feo
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy or
| | - Enzo Martinelli
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy or
| | - Marco Pepe
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy or
- TESIS s.r.l., Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
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15
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Scilimati N, Schiavo S, Lauteri E, Beccati F, Angeli G, Di Meo A, Pepe M. Computed tomographic diagnosis of a fracture of the floor of the pelvis in a Thoroughbred foal. EQUINE VET EDUC 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/eve.13656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Scilimati
- Department of Veterinary Medicine Veterinary Teaching Hospital University of Perugia Perugia Italy
| | | | | | - Francesca Beccati
- Department of Veterinary Medicine Veterinary Teaching Hospital University of Perugia Perugia Italy
| | - Giovanni Angeli
- Department of Veterinary Medicine Veterinary Teaching Hospital University of Perugia Perugia Italy
| | - Antonio Di Meo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine Veterinary Teaching Hospital University of Perugia Perugia Italy
| | - Marco Pepe
- Department of Veterinary Medicine Veterinary Teaching Hospital University of Perugia Perugia Italy
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Pepe M, Leonardos ED, Marie TRJG, Kyne ST, Hesami M, Jones AMP, Grodzinski B. A Noninvasive Gas Exchange Method to Test and Model Photosynthetic Proficiency and Growth Rates of In Vitro Plant Cultures: Preliminary Implication for Cannabis sativa L. Biology 2022; 11:biology11050729. [PMID: 35625457 PMCID: PMC9139056 DOI: 10.3390/biology11050729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary The gas exchange system presented herein integrates open-flow/force ventilation, LED technology, and micropropagation to determine the impact of environmental factors (e.g., [CO2], sucrose, light intensity) on the photosynthetic capacity of cultured plantlets. This system was developed and tested on Cannabis sativa L., an emerging crop of high economic value, for which micropropagation has become an important aspect of production. Since conventional micropropagation avenues can minimize photosynthetic performance, this system offers fresh opportunities to examine the role of light signaling and photosynthesis in micropropagation to investigate and overcome in-vitro-associated morphophysiological disorders. By maintaining [CO2] at controlled levels (400 and 1200 ppm) with calibrated light intensities, photosynthetic light response curves were prepared based on net carbon exchange rates (NCERs) to paint a picture of the dynamic, combinational influences of irradiance, [CO2], and additional factors on photosynthetic performance. Additionally, NCERs were continuously monitored during a 24 h light/dark period under standard conditions to provide estimates of relative growth rates (daily C-gain). Thus, a system is presented with the ability to answer questions about the nature of in vitro plant physiology related to carbon dynamics, that would otherwise be difficult to assess. Abstract Supplemental sugar additives for plant tissue culture cause mixotrophic growth, complicating carbohydrate metabolism and photosynthetic relationships. A unique platform to test and model the photosynthetic proficiency and biomass accumulation of micropropagated plantlets was introduced and applied to Cannabis sativa L. (cannabis), an emerging crop with high economic interest. Conventional in vitro systems can hinder the photoautotrophic ability of plantlets due to low light intensity, low vapor pressure deficit, and limited CO2 availability. Though exogenous sucrose is routinely added to improve in vitro growth despite reduced photosynthetic capacity, reliance on sugar as a carbon source can also trigger negative responses that are species-dependent. By increasing photosynthetic activity in vitro, these negative consequences can likely be mitigated, facilitating the production of superior specimens with enhanced survivability. The presented methods use an open-flow/force-ventilated gas exchange system and infrared gas analysis to measure the impact of [CO2], light, and additional factors on in vitro photosynthesis. This system can be used to answer previously overlooked questions regarding the nature of in vitro plant physiology to enhance plant tissue culture and the overall understanding of in vitro processes, facilitating new research methods and idealized protocols for commercial tissue culture.
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Pressanto MC, Pascoletti G, Perkins JD, Zanetti EM, Beccati F, Santalucia V, Pepe M. Ex vivo biomechanical evaluation of polyester and polyblend suture techniques to perform equine laryngoplasty. Vet Surg 2022; 51:497-508. [PMID: 35129218 DOI: 10.1111/vsu.13777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To validate the use of a polyblend tape suture in equine laryngoplasty (PL). STUDY DESIGN Experimental study. ANIMALS Thirty-two cadaveric larynges. METHODS Each larynx was randomly assigned to 1 of 4 groups: PL with polyblend tape suture (TigerTape), without (TT) or with a cannula (TTC) in the muscular process of the arytenoid cartilage, and PL with polyester suture (Ethibond), without (EB) or with a cannula (EBC). Construct stiffness, total migration, creep, and drift values were measured after 3000 cycles. The specimens were then loaded to failure to assess their residual properties: load at failure, total energy, displacement, and 2 stiffness coefficients. RESULTS After cyclic testing, the total migration and creep were lower in TTC (6.36 ± 1.20 mm; 1.35 ± 0.38 mm/s) than in EB (11.12 ± 4.20 mm; 3.39 ± 2.68 mm/s) and in the TT constructs (11.26 ± 1.49 mm; 3.20 ± 0.54 mm/s); however, no difference was found with EBC (9.19 ± 3.18 mm; 2.14 ± 0.99). A correlation was found between total migration and creep (R = .85). The TTC constructs failed at higher loads (129.51 ± 33.84 N) than EB (93.16 ± 18.21 N) and EBC (81.72 ± 13.26 N) whereas the EB and EBC constructs were less stiff than TT and TTC (P < .001). CONCLUSION Biomechanical properties were generally superior for the TTC constructs tested under cyclical loading. The TT and TTC constructs failed at a higher load than EB and EBC constructs. The cannula in TTC and EBC reduced the failure at the muscular process. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE These results provide evidence to support the in vivo evaluation of the polyblend tape suture with or without a cannula in the muscular process for laryngoplasty in horses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Chiara Pressanto
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
- Large Animal Hospital, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, UK
| | | | - Justin D Perkins
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, Royal Veterinary College, North Mymms, UK
| | | | - Francesca Beccati
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
- Sport Horse Research Center, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | | | - Marco Pepe
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
- Sport Horse Research Center, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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Cappelli K, Mecocci S, Capomaccio S, Beccati F, Palumbo AR, Tognoloni A, Pepe M, Chiaradia E. Circulating Transcriptional Profile Modulation in Response to Metabolic Unbalance Due to Long-Term Exercise in Equine Athletes: A Pilot Study. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12121965. [PMID: 34946914 PMCID: PMC8701225 DOI: 10.3390/genes12121965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Physical exercise has been associated with the modulation of micro RNAs (miRNAs), actively released in body fluids and recognized as accurate biomarkers. The aim of this study was to measure serum miRNA profiles in 18 horses taking part in endurance competitions, which represents a good model to test metabolic responses to moderate intensity prolonged efforts. Serum levels of miRNAs of eight horses that were eliminated due to metabolic unbalance (Non Performer-NP) were compared to those of 10 horses that finished an endurance competition in excellent metabolic condition (Performer-P). Circulating miRNA (ci-miRNA) profiles in serum were analyzed through sequencing, and differential gene expression analysis was assessed comparing NP versus P groups. Target and pathway analysis revealed the up regulation of a set of miRNAs (of mir-211 mir-451, mir-106b, mir-15b, mir-101-1, mir-18a, mir-20a) involved in the modulation of myogenesis, cardiac and skeletal muscle remodeling, angiogenesis, ventricular contractility, and in the regulation of gene expression. Our preliminary data open new scenarios in the definition of metabolic adaptations to the establishment of efficient training programs and the validation of athletes’ elimination from competitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katia Cappelli
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (K.C.); (S.M.); (F.B.); (A.R.P.); (A.T.); (M.P.); (E.C.)
- Sports Horse Research Center, University of Perugia, 06126 Perugia, Italy
| | - Samanta Mecocci
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (K.C.); (S.M.); (F.B.); (A.R.P.); (A.T.); (M.P.); (E.C.)
| | - Stefano Capomaccio
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (K.C.); (S.M.); (F.B.); (A.R.P.); (A.T.); (M.P.); (E.C.)
- Sports Horse Research Center, University of Perugia, 06126 Perugia, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0755857765
| | - Francesca Beccati
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (K.C.); (S.M.); (F.B.); (A.R.P.); (A.T.); (M.P.); (E.C.)
- Sports Horse Research Center, University of Perugia, 06126 Perugia, Italy
| | - Andrea Rosario Palumbo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (K.C.); (S.M.); (F.B.); (A.R.P.); (A.T.); (M.P.); (E.C.)
| | - Alessia Tognoloni
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (K.C.); (S.M.); (F.B.); (A.R.P.); (A.T.); (M.P.); (E.C.)
| | - Marco Pepe
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (K.C.); (S.M.); (F.B.); (A.R.P.); (A.T.); (M.P.); (E.C.)
- Sports Horse Research Center, University of Perugia, 06126 Perugia, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Chiaradia
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (K.C.); (S.M.); (F.B.); (A.R.P.); (A.T.); (M.P.); (E.C.)
- Sports Horse Research Center, University of Perugia, 06126 Perugia, Italy
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Fiorencis A, Pepe M, Smarrazzo V, Martini M, Severino S, Evangelista M, Incarnato P, Pergola V, Previtero M, Maglione M, Pedrizzetti G, Iliceto S, Mele D. 311 A new color Doppler-based echocardiographic technique for evaluation of intraventricular flow dynamics: first application to normal subjects, athletes, and patients. Eur Heart J Suppl 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/suab132.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Aims
A new echocardiographic, color Doppler-based technique, named HyperDoppler, has been recently introduced for non-invasive evaluation of intracardiac flow dynamics. The aim of this study was to verify the feasibility and reproducibility of this technique and its capability to differentiate geometrical and energy measures of vortex flow within the left ventricle (LV) in normal subjects, athletes and patients with heart failure.
Methods and results
Two Italian cardiology centres enrolled each one 100 unselected, consecutive patients presenting at the echocardiography laboratory for a clinical examination, regardless of the indication to echocardiography. In these patients, the feasibility, repeatability, reproducibility, and inter-centre reproducibility of the HyperDoppler technique were tested using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and Bland–Altman analysis. In addition, 50 normal subjects, 30 professional athletes, and 50 patients with stabilized chronic heart failure and LV ejection fraction <40% were enrolled. Images were acquired using a MyLab X8 echo-scanner and analysed to provide the following vortex flow measures: vortex area, normalized with the LV area; vortex intensity (i.e. the integral of the vorticity inside the vortex), normalized with the total vorticity; vortex depth (the distance of its centre from the LV base) and length along the base-apex direction, both normalized with the LV length; and the total kinetic energy dissipation (KED). Feasibility of HyperDoppler was very high (94.5%). According to the ICC values, at Centre 1 repeatability and reproducibility of vortex flow measures in unselected patients were good for vortex area (0.82, 0.85), length (0.83, 0.82) and depth (0.87, 0.84) and excellent for vortex intensity (0.92, 0.90) and KED (0.98, 0.98). Results of the Bland–Altman analysis showed no bias nor consistent under/overestimations of flow measures, with 95% of points always lying within the limits of agreement for each flow measure. Centre 2 provided similar repeatability and reproducibility evaluations for all the vortex measures, thus supporting a good-to-excellent inter-centre reproducibility. Athletes had greater vortex area, intensity, and KED compared to healthy subjects while they had smaller vortex length and depth and greater KED compared to patients with heart failure and reduced LV ejection fraction. In comparison with healthy subjects, heart failure patients showed greater vortex area, length, depth, and intensity but smaller KED. Combining vortex flow measures, the LV flow profile of healthy individuals, athletes, and heart failure patients could be differentiated.
Conclusions
HyperDoppler is a new ultrasound technique which is feasible, reliable, and practical for assessment of LV flow dynamics. It can quantitate several measures of the LV vortex and may distinguish normal subjects and patients. Future studies are needed to clarify how to implement this technique in cardiology clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Fiorencis
- Department of Cardiac Thoracic Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Marco Pepe
- Department of Cardiology and Cardiac Surgery, S. Michele Hospital, Maddaloni, Caserta, Italy
| | | | - Marika Martini
- Department of Cardiac Thoracic Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Salvatore Severino
- Department of Cardiology and Cardiac Surgery, S. Michele Hospital, Maddaloni, Caserta, Italy
| | - Marco Evangelista
- Department of Cardiology and Cardiac Surgery, S. Michele Hospital, Maddaloni, Caserta, Italy
| | - Pierluigi Incarnato
- Department of Cardiology and Cardiac Surgery, S. Michele Hospital, Maddaloni, Caserta, Italy
| | - Valeria Pergola
- Department of Cardiac Thoracic Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Marco Previtero
- Department of Cardiac Thoracic Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Gianni Pedrizzetti
- Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Sabino Iliceto
- Department of Cardiac Thoracic Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Donato Mele
- Department of Cardiac Thoracic Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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Paris A, Beccati F, Pepe M. Plantar fasciitis in 19 endurance horses: Diagnosis, treatment and follow‐up. EQUINE VET EDUC 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/eve.13383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Paris
- Private Practitioner Sigillo (PG)Italy
| | - F. Beccati
- Department of Veterinary Medicine Veterinary Teaching Hospital of the University of Perugia PerugiaItaly
- Sport Horse Research Centre Department of Veterinary Medicine University of Perugia Perugia Italy
| | - M. Pepe
- Department of Veterinary Medicine Veterinary Teaching Hospital of the University of Perugia PerugiaItaly
- Sport Horse Research Centre Department of Veterinary Medicine University of Perugia Perugia Italy
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Pressanto MC, Beccati F, Pepe M. What Is Your Diagnosis? J Am Vet Med Assoc 2021; 259:1108-1110. [PMID: 34727085 DOI: 10.2460/javma.20.01.0024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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22
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Pepe M, Hesami M, Jones AMP. Machine Learning-Mediated Development and Optimization of Disinfection Protocol and Scarification Method for Improved In Vitro Germination of Cannabis Seeds. Plants (Basel) 2021; 10:plants10112397. [PMID: 34834760 PMCID: PMC8619272 DOI: 10.3390/plants10112397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
In vitro seed germination is a useful tool for developing a variety of biotechnologies, but cannabis has presented some challenges in uniformity and germination time, presumably due to the disinfection procedure. Disinfection and subsequent growth are influenced by many factors, such as media pH, temperature, as well as the types and levels of contaminants and disinfectants, which contribute independently and dynamically to system complexity and nonlinearity. Hence, artificial intelligence models are well suited to model and optimize this dynamic system. The current study was aimed to evaluate the effect of different types and concentrations of disinfectants (sodium hypochlorite, hydrogen peroxide) and immersion times on contamination frequency using the generalized regression neural network (GRNN), a powerful artificial neural network (ANN). The GRNN model had high prediction performance (R2 > 0.91) in both training and testing. Moreover, a genetic algorithm (GA) was subjected to the GRNN to find the optimal type and level of disinfectants and immersion time to determine the best methods for contamination reduction. According to the optimization process, 4.6% sodium hypochlorite along with 0.008% hydrogen peroxide for 16.81 min would result in the best outcomes. The results of a validation experiment demonstrated that this protocol resulted in 0% contamination as predicted, but germination rates were low and sporadic. However, using this sterilization protocol in combination with the scarification of in vitro cannabis seed (seed tip removal) resulted in 0% contamination and 100% seed germination within one week.
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23
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Pepe M, Hesami M, Small F, Jones AMP. Comparative Analysis of Machine Learning and Evolutionary Optimization Algorithms for Precision Micropropagation of Cannabis sativa: Prediction and Validation of in vitro Shoot Growth and Development Based on the Optimization of Light and Carbohydrate Sources. Front Plant Sci 2021; 12:757869. [PMID: 34745189 PMCID: PMC8566924 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.757869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Micropropagation techniques offer opportunity to proliferate, maintain, and study dynamic plant responses in highly controlled environments without confounding external influences, forming the basis for many biotechnological applications. With medicinal and recreational interests for Cannabis sativa L. growing, research related to the optimization of in vitro practices is needed to improve current methods while boosting our understanding of the underlying physiological processes. Unfortunately, due to the exorbitantly large array of factors influencing tissue culture, existing approaches to optimize in vitro methods are tedious and time-consuming. Therefore, there is great potential to use new computational methodologies for analyzing data to develop improved protocols more efficiently. Here, we first tested the effects of light qualities using assorted combinations of Red, Blue, Far Red, and White spanning 0-100 μmol/m2/s in combination with sucrose concentrations ranging from 1 to 6% (w/v), totaling 66 treatments, on in vitro shoot growth, root development, number of nodes, shoot emergence, and canopy surface area. Collected data were then assessed using multilayer perceptron (MLP), generalized regression neural network (GRNN), and adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) to model and predict in vitro Cannabis growth and development. Based on the results, GRNN had better performance than MLP or ANFIS and was consequently selected to link different optimization algorithms [genetic algorithm (GA), biogeography-based optimization (BBO), interior search algorithm (ISA), and symbiotic organisms search (SOS)] for prediction of optimal light levels (quality/intensity) and sucrose concentration for various applications. Predictions of in vitro conditions to refine growth responses were subsequently tested in a validation experiment and data showed no significant differences between predicted optimized values and observed data. Thus, this study demonstrates the potential of machine learning and optimization algorithms to predict the most favorable light combinations and sucrose levels to elicit specific developmental responses. Based on these, recommendations of light and carbohydrate levels to promote specific developmental outcomes for in vitro Cannabis are suggested. Ultimately, this work showcases the importance of light quality and carbohydrate supply in directing plant development as well as the power of machine learning approaches to investigate complex interactions in plant tissue culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Pepe
- Department of Plant Agriculture, Gosling Research Institute for Plant Preservation, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Mohsen Hesami
- Department of Plant Agriculture, Gosling Research Institute for Plant Preservation, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Finlay Small
- Department of Research and Development, Entourage Health Corp., Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Andrew Maxwell Phineas Jones
- Department of Plant Agriculture, Gosling Research Institute for Plant Preservation, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
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24
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Pérez-Segura P, Paz-Cabezas M, Núñez-Gil IJ, Arroyo-Espliguero R, Maroun Eid C, Romero R, Fernández Rozas I, Uribarri A, Becerra-Muñoz VM, García Aguado M, Huang J, Rondano E, Cerrato E, Rodríguez EA, Ortega-Armas ME, Raposeiras Roubin S, Pepe M, Feltes G, Gonzalez A, Cortese B, Buzón L, El-Battrawy I, Estrada V. Prognostic factors at admission on patients with cancer and COVID-19: Analysis of HOPE registry data. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 157:318-324. [PMID: 34632069 PMCID: PMC8489183 DOI: 10.1016/j.medcle.2021.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Background Previous works seem to agree in the higher mortality of cancer patients with COVID-19. Identifying potential prognostic factors upon admission could help identify patients with a poor prognosis. Methods We aimed to explore the characteristics and evolution of COVID-19 cancer patients admitted to hospital in a multicenter international registry (HOPE COVID-19). Our primary objective is to define those characteristics that allow us to identify cancer patients with a worse prognosis (mortality within 30 days after the diagnosis of COVID-19). Results 5838 patients have been collected in this registry, of whom 770 had cancer among their antecedents. In hospital mortality reached 258 patients (33.51%). The median was 75 years (65–82). Regarding the distribution by sex, 34.55% of the patients (266/770) were women. The distribution by type of cancer: genitourinary 238/745 (31.95%), digestive 124/745 (16.54%), hematologic 95/745 (12.75%). In multivariate regression analysis, factors that are independently associated with mortality at admission are: renal impairment (OR 3.45, CI 97.5% 1.85–6.58), heart disease (2.32, 1.47–3.66), liver disease (4.69, 1.94–11.62), partial dependence (2.41, 1.34–4.33), total dependence (7.21, 2.60–21.82), fatigue (1.84, 1.16–2.93), arthromialgias (0.45, 0.26–0.78), SatO2 < 92% (4.58, 2.97–7.17), elevated LDH (2.61, 1.51–4.69) and abnormal decreased Blood Pressure (3.57, 1.81–7.15). Analitical parameters are also significant altered. Conclusion In patients with cancer from the HOPE registry, 30-day mortality from any cause is high and is associated with easily identifiable clinical factors upon arrival at the hospital. Identifying these patients can help initiate more intensive treatments from the start and evaluate the prognosis of these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - M Paz-Cabezas
- Medical Oncology Dpt. Hospital Clinico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - C Maroun Eid
- Hospital Universitario La Paz. Instituto de Investigación Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPAZ), Madrid, Spain
| | - R Romero
- Hospital Universitario Getafe, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - A Uribarri
- Hospital Clinico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | | | - M García Aguado
- Hospital Puerta de Hierro de Majadahonda. Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - J Huang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - E Rondano
- Sant'Andrea Hospital, Vercelli, Italy
| | - E Cerrato
- San Luigi Gonzaga University Hospital, Orbassano and Rivoli Infermi Hospital, Rivoli, Turin, Italy
| | | | - M E Ortega-Armas
- Hospital General del Norte de Guayaquil IESS Los Ceibos, Guayaquil, Ecuador
| | | | - M Pepe
- Azienda ospedaliero-universitaria consorziale policlinico di Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - G Feltes
- Nuestra Señora de América, Madrid, Spain
| | - A Gonzalez
- Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofia. San Sebastian de los Reyes, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - L Buzón
- Hospital Universitario de Burgos, Burgos, Spain
| | - I El-Battrawy
- First Department of Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University Heidelberg, Mannheim, 68167, Germany, DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site, Heidelberg-Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - V Estrada
- Hospital Clinico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
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25
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Aliberti R, Ambrosino F, Ammendola R, Angelucci B, Antonelli A, Anzivino G, Arcidiacono R, Bache T, Baeva A, Baigarashev D, Barbanera M, Bernhard J, Biagioni A, Bician L, Biino C, Bizzeti A, Blazek T, Bloch-Devaux B, Bonaiuto V, Boretto M, Bragadireanu AM, Britton D, Brizioli F, Brunetti MB, Bryman D, Bucci F, Capussela T, Carmignani J, Ceccucci A, Cenci P, Cerny V, Cerri C, Checcucci B, Conovaloff A, Cooper P, Cortina Gil E, Corvino M, Costantini F, Cotta Ramusino A, Coward D, D'Agostini G, Dainton JB, Dalpiaz P, Danielsson H, De Simone N, Di Filippo D, Di Lella L, Doble N, Duk V, Duval F, Döbrich B, Emelyanov D, Engelfried J, Enik T, Estrada-Tristan N, Falaleev V, Fantechi R, Fascianelli V, Federici L, Fedotov S, Filippi A, Fiorini M, Fry JR, Fu J, Fucci A, Fulton L, Gamberini E, Gatignon L, Georgiev G, Ghinescu SA, Gianoli A, Giorgi M, Giudici S, Gonnella F, Goudzovski E, Graham C, Guida R, Gushchin E, Hahn F, Heath H, Henshaw J, Holzer EB, Husek T, Hutanu OE, Hutchcroft D, Iacobuzio L, Iacopini E, Imbergamo E, Jenninger B, Jerhot J, Jones RWL, Kampf K, Kekelidze V, Kholodenko S, Khoriauli G, Khotyantsev A, Kleimenova A, Korotkova A, Koval M, Kozhuharov V, Kucerova Z, Kudenko Y, Kunze J, Kurochka V, Kurshetsov V, Lamanna G, Lanfranchi G, Lari E, Latino G, Laycock P, Lazzeroni C, Lehmann Miotto G, Lenti M, Leonardi E, Lichard P, Litov L, Lollini R, Lomidze D, Lonardo A, Lubrano P, Lupi M, Lurkin N, Madigozhin D, Mannelli I, Mapelli A, Marchetto F, Marchevski R, Martellotti S, Massarotti P, Massri K, Maurice E, Medvedeva M, Mefodev A, Menichetti E, Migliore E, Minucci E, Mirra M, Misheva M, Molokanova N, Moulson M, Movchan S, Napolitano M, Neri I, Newson F, Norton A, Noy M, Numao T, Obraztsov V, Ostankov A, Padolski S, Page R, Palladino V, Parenti A, Parkinson C, Pedreschi E, Pepe M, Perrin-Terrin M, Peruzzo L, Petrov P, Petrov Y, Petrucci F, Piandani R, Piccini M, Pinzino J, Polenkevich I, Pontisso L, Potrebenikov Y, Protopopescu D, Raggi M, Romano A, Rubin P, Ruggiero G, Ryjov V, Salamon A, Santoni C, Saracino G, Sargeni F, Schuchmann S, Semenov V, Sergi A, Shaikhiev A, Shkarovskiy S, Soldi D, Sozzi M, Spadaro T, Spinella F, Sturgess A, Sugonyaev V, Swallow J, Trilov S, Valente P, Velghe B, Venditti S, Vicini P, Volpe R, Vormstein M, Wahl H, Wanke R, Wrona B, Yushchenko O, Zamkovsky M, Zinchenko A. Search for Lepton Number and Flavor Violation in K^{+} and π^{0} Decays. Phys Rev Lett 2021; 127:131802. [PMID: 34623867 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.131802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Searches for the lepton number violating K^{+}→π^{-}μ^{+}e^{+} decay and the lepton flavor violating K^{+}→π^{+}μ^{-}e^{+} and π^{0}→μ^{-}e^{+} decays are reported using data collected by the NA62 experiment at CERN in 2017-2018. No evidence for these decays is found and upper limits of the branching ratios are obtained at 90% confidence level: B(K^{+}→π^{-}μ^{+}e^{+})<4.2×10^{-11}, B(K^{+}→π^{+}μ^{-}e^{+})<6.6×10^{-11} and B(π^{0}→μ^{-}e^{+})<3.2×10^{-10}. These results improve by 1 order of magnitude over previous results for these decay modes.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Aliberti
- Institut für Physik and PRISMA Cluster of Excellence, Universität Mainz, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - F Ambrosino
- Dipartimento di Fisica "Ettore Pancini" e INFN, Sezione di Napoli, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - R Ammendola
- INFN, Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Roma, Italy
| | - B Angelucci
- University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - A Antonelli
- Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - G Anzivino
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Geologia dell'Università e INFN, Sezione di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - R Arcidiacono
- Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Università e INFN, Sezione di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
| | - T Bache
- University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - A Baeva
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, 141980 Dubna (MO), Russia
| | - D Baigarashev
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, 141980 Dubna (MO), Russia
| | - M Barbanera
- INFN, Sezione di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - J Bernhard
- CERN, European Organization for Nuclear Research, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
| | - A Biagioni
- INFN, Sezione di Roma I, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - L Bician
- Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics, Comenius University, 842 48 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - C Biino
- INFN, Sezione di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
| | - A Bizzeti
- INFN, Sezione di Firenze, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - T Blazek
- Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics, Comenius University, 842 48 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - B Bloch-Devaux
- Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Università e INFN, Sezione di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
| | - V Bonaiuto
- INFN, Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Roma, Italy
| | - M Boretto
- Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Università e INFN, Sezione di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
| | - A M Bragadireanu
- Horia Hulubei National Institute of Physics for R&D in Physics and Nuclear Engineering, 077125 Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
| | - D Britton
- University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - F Brizioli
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Geologia dell'Università e INFN, Sezione di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - M B Brunetti
- University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - D Bryman
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - F Bucci
- INFN, Sezione di Firenze, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - T Capussela
- Dipartimento di Fisica "Ettore Pancini" e INFN, Sezione di Napoli, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - J Carmignani
- University of Lancaster, Lancaster LA1 4YW, United Kingdom
| | - A Ceccucci
- CERN, European Organization for Nuclear Research, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
| | - P Cenci
- INFN, Sezione di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - V Cerny
- Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics, Comenius University, 842 48 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - C Cerri
- INFN, Sezione di Pisa, I-56100 Pisa, Italy
| | - B Checcucci
- INFN, Sezione di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - A Conovaloff
- George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia 22030, USA
| | - P Cooper
- George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia 22030, USA
| | - E Cortina Gil
- Université Catholique de Louvain, B-1348 Louvain-La-Neuve, Belgium
| | - M Corvino
- Dipartimento di Fisica "Ettore Pancini" e INFN, Sezione di Napoli, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - F Costantini
- Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Università e INFN, Sezione di Pisa, I-56100 Pisa, Italy
| | | | - D Coward
- George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia 22030, USA
| | - G D'Agostini
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza Università di Roma e INFN, Sezione di Roma I, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - J B Dainton
- University of Lancaster, Lancaster LA1 4YW, United Kingdom
| | - P Dalpiaz
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra dell'Università e INFN, Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - H Danielsson
- CERN, European Organization for Nuclear Research, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
| | - N De Simone
- CERN, European Organization for Nuclear Research, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
| | - D Di Filippo
- Dipartimento di Fisica "Ettore Pancini" e INFN, Sezione di Napoli, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - L Di Lella
- Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Università e INFN, Sezione di Pisa, I-56100 Pisa, Italy
| | - N Doble
- Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Università e INFN, Sezione di Pisa, I-56100 Pisa, Italy
| | - V Duk
- University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - F Duval
- CERN, European Organization for Nuclear Research, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
| | - B Döbrich
- CERN, European Organization for Nuclear Research, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
| | - D Emelyanov
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, 141980 Dubna (MO), Russia
| | - J Engelfried
- Instituto de Física, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, 78240 San Luis Potosí, Mexico
| | - T Enik
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, 141980 Dubna (MO), Russia
| | - N Estrada-Tristan
- Instituto de Física, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, 78240 San Luis Potosí, Mexico
| | - V Falaleev
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, 141980 Dubna (MO), Russia
| | - R Fantechi
- INFN, Sezione di Pisa, I-56100 Pisa, Italy
| | - V Fascianelli
- University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - L Federici
- CERN, European Organization for Nuclear Research, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
| | - S Fedotov
- Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 117312 Moscow, Russia
| | - A Filippi
- INFN, Sezione di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
| | - M Fiorini
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra dell'Università e INFN, Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - J R Fry
- University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - J Fu
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - A Fucci
- INFN, Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Roma, Italy
| | - L Fulton
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - E Gamberini
- CERN, European Organization for Nuclear Research, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
| | - L Gatignon
- CERN, European Organization for Nuclear Research, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
| | - G Georgiev
- Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - S A Ghinescu
- Horia Hulubei National Institute of Physics for R&D in Physics and Nuclear Engineering, 077125 Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
| | - A Gianoli
- INFN, Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - M Giorgi
- Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Università e INFN, Sezione di Pisa, I-56100 Pisa, Italy
| | - S Giudici
- Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Università e INFN, Sezione di Pisa, I-56100 Pisa, Italy
| | - F Gonnella
- University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - E Goudzovski
- University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - C Graham
- University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - R Guida
- CERN, European Organization for Nuclear Research, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
| | - E Gushchin
- Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 117312 Moscow, Russia
| | - F Hahn
- CERN, European Organization for Nuclear Research, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
| | - H Heath
- University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TH, United Kingdom
| | - J Henshaw
- University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - E B Holzer
- CERN, European Organization for Nuclear Research, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
| | - T Husek
- Charles University, 116 36 Prague 1, Czech Republic
| | - O E Hutanu
- Horia Hulubei National Institute of Physics for R&D in Physics and Nuclear Engineering, 077125 Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
| | - D Hutchcroft
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - L Iacobuzio
- University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - E Iacopini
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell'Università e INFN, Sezione di Firenze, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - E Imbergamo
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Geologia dell'Università e INFN, Sezione di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - B Jenninger
- CERN, European Organization for Nuclear Research, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
| | - J Jerhot
- Charles University, 116 36 Prague 1, Czech Republic
| | - R W L Jones
- University of Lancaster, Lancaster LA1 4YW, United Kingdom
| | - K Kampf
- Charles University, 116 36 Prague 1, Czech Republic
| | - V Kekelidze
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, 141980 Dubna (MO), Russia
| | - S Kholodenko
- Institute for High Energy Physics-State Research Center of Russian Federation, 142281 Protvino (MO), Russia
| | - G Khoriauli
- Institut für Physik and PRISMA Cluster of Excellence, Universität Mainz, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - A Khotyantsev
- Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 117312 Moscow, Russia
| | - A Kleimenova
- Université Catholique de Louvain, B-1348 Louvain-La-Neuve, Belgium
| | - A Korotkova
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, 141980 Dubna (MO), Russia
| | - M Koval
- CERN, European Organization for Nuclear Research, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
| | - V Kozhuharov
- Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - Z Kucerova
- Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics, Comenius University, 842 48 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Y Kudenko
- Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 117312 Moscow, Russia
| | - J Kunze
- Institut für Physik and PRISMA Cluster of Excellence, Universität Mainz, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - V Kurochka
- Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 117312 Moscow, Russia
| | - V Kurshetsov
- Institute for High Energy Physics-State Research Center of Russian Federation, 142281 Protvino (MO), Russia
| | - G Lamanna
- Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Università e INFN, Sezione di Pisa, I-56100 Pisa, Italy
| | - G Lanfranchi
- Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - E Lari
- Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Università e INFN, Sezione di Pisa, I-56100 Pisa, Italy
| | - G Latino
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell'Università e INFN, Sezione di Firenze, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - P Laycock
- CERN, European Organization for Nuclear Research, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
| | - C Lazzeroni
- University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - G Lehmann Miotto
- CERN, European Organization for Nuclear Research, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
| | - M Lenti
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell'Università e INFN, Sezione di Firenze, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - E Leonardi
- INFN, Sezione di Roma I, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - P Lichard
- CERN, European Organization for Nuclear Research, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
| | - L Litov
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, 141980 Dubna (MO), Russia
| | - R Lollini
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Geologia dell'Università e INFN, Sezione di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - D Lomidze
- Institut für Physik and PRISMA Cluster of Excellence, Universität Mainz, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - A Lonardo
- INFN, Sezione di Roma I, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - P Lubrano
- INFN, Sezione di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - M Lupi
- INFN, Sezione di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - N Lurkin
- University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - D Madigozhin
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, 141980 Dubna (MO), Russia
| | - I Mannelli
- Scuola Normale Superiore e INFN, Sezione di Pisa, I-56100 Pisa, Italy
| | - A Mapelli
- CERN, European Organization for Nuclear Research, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
| | - F Marchetto
- INFN, Sezione di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
| | - R Marchevski
- CERN, European Organization for Nuclear Research, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
| | - S Martellotti
- Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - P Massarotti
- Dipartimento di Fisica "Ettore Pancini" e INFN, Sezione di Napoli, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - K Massri
- CERN, European Organization for Nuclear Research, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
| | - E Maurice
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - M Medvedeva
- Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 117312 Moscow, Russia
| | - A Mefodev
- Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 117312 Moscow, Russia
| | - E Menichetti
- Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Università e INFN, Sezione di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
| | - E Migliore
- Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Università e INFN, Sezione di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
| | - E Minucci
- Université Catholique de Louvain, B-1348 Louvain-La-Neuve, Belgium
| | - M Mirra
- Dipartimento di Fisica "Ettore Pancini" e INFN, Sezione di Napoli, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - M Misheva
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, 141980 Dubna (MO), Russia
| | - N Molokanova
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, 141980 Dubna (MO), Russia
| | - M Moulson
- Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - S Movchan
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, 141980 Dubna (MO), Russia
| | - M Napolitano
- Dipartimento di Fisica "Ettore Pancini" e INFN, Sezione di Napoli, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - I Neri
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra dell'Università e INFN, Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - F Newson
- University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - A Norton
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra dell'Università e INFN, Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - M Noy
- CERN, European Organization for Nuclear Research, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
| | - T Numao
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - V Obraztsov
- Institute for High Energy Physics-State Research Center of Russian Federation, 142281 Protvino (MO), Russia
| | - A Ostankov
- Institute for High Energy Physics-State Research Center of Russian Federation, 142281 Protvino (MO), Russia
| | - S Padolski
- Université Catholique de Louvain, B-1348 Louvain-La-Neuve, Belgium
| | - R Page
- University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TH, United Kingdom
| | - V Palladino
- CERN, European Organization for Nuclear Research, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
| | - A Parenti
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell'Università e INFN, Sezione di Firenze, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - C Parkinson
- University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - E Pedreschi
- Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Università e INFN, Sezione di Pisa, I-56100 Pisa, Italy
| | - M Pepe
- INFN, Sezione di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - M Perrin-Terrin
- CERN, European Organization for Nuclear Research, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
| | - L Peruzzo
- Institut für Physik and PRISMA Cluster of Excellence, Universität Mainz, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - P Petrov
- Université Catholique de Louvain, B-1348 Louvain-La-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Y Petrov
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - F Petrucci
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra dell'Università e INFN, Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - R Piandani
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Geologia dell'Università e INFN, Sezione di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - M Piccini
- INFN, Sezione di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - J Pinzino
- CERN, European Organization for Nuclear Research, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
| | - I Polenkevich
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, 141980 Dubna (MO), Russia
| | - L Pontisso
- INFN, Sezione di Pisa, I-56100 Pisa, Italy
| | - Yu Potrebenikov
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, 141980 Dubna (MO), Russia
| | | | - M Raggi
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza Università di Roma e INFN, Sezione di Roma I, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - A Romano
- University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - P Rubin
- George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia 22030, USA
| | - G Ruggiero
- University of Lancaster, Lancaster LA1 4YW, United Kingdom
| | - V Ryjov
- CERN, European Organization for Nuclear Research, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
| | - A Salamon
- INFN, Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Roma, Italy
| | - C Santoni
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Geologia dell'Università e INFN, Sezione di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - G Saracino
- Dipartimento di Fisica "Ettore Pancini" e INFN, Sezione di Napoli, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - F Sargeni
- INFN, Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Roma, Italy
| | - S Schuchmann
- CERN, European Organization for Nuclear Research, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
| | - V Semenov
- Institute for High Energy Physics-State Research Center of Russian Federation, 142281 Protvino (MO), Russia
| | - A Sergi
- University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - A Shaikhiev
- Université Catholique de Louvain, B-1348 Louvain-La-Neuve, Belgium
| | - S Shkarovskiy
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, 141980 Dubna (MO), Russia
| | - D Soldi
- Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Università e INFN, Sezione di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
| | - M Sozzi
- Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Università e INFN, Sezione di Pisa, I-56100 Pisa, Italy
| | - T Spadaro
- Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - F Spinella
- INFN, Sezione di Pisa, I-56100 Pisa, Italy
| | - A Sturgess
- University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - V Sugonyaev
- Institute for High Energy Physics-State Research Center of Russian Federation, 142281 Protvino (MO), Russia
| | - J Swallow
- University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - S Trilov
- University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TH, United Kingdom
| | - P Valente
- INFN, Sezione di Roma I, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - B Velghe
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - S Venditti
- CERN, European Organization for Nuclear Research, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
| | - P Vicini
- INFN, Sezione di Roma I, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - R Volpe
- Université Catholique de Louvain, B-1348 Louvain-La-Neuve, Belgium
| | - M Vormstein
- Institut für Physik and PRISMA Cluster of Excellence, Universität Mainz, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - H Wahl
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra dell'Università e INFN, Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - R Wanke
- Institut für Physik and PRISMA Cluster of Excellence, Universität Mainz, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - B Wrona
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - O Yushchenko
- Institute for High Energy Physics-State Research Center of Russian Federation, 142281 Protvino (MO), Russia
| | - M Zamkovsky
- Charles University, 116 36 Prague 1, Czech Republic
| | - A Zinchenko
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, 141980 Dubna (MO), Russia
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Rampacci E, Marenzoni ML, Cannalire R, Pietrella D, Sabatini S, Giovagnoli S, Felicetti T, Pepe M, Passamonti F. Ethidium bromide exposure unmasks an antibiotic efflux system in Rhodococcus equi. J Antimicrob Chemother 2021; 76:2040-2048. [PMID: 33855442 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkab121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study introduces a newly created strain (Rhodococcus equiEtBr25) by exposing R. equi ATCC 33701 to ethidium bromide (EtBr), a substrate for MDR transporters. Such an approach allowed us to investigate the resulting phenotype and genetic mechanisms underlying the efflux-mediated resistance in R. equi. METHODS R. equi ATCC 33701 was stimulated with increasing concentrations of EtBr. The antimicrobial susceptibility of the parental strain and R. equiEtBr25 was investigated in the presence/absence of efflux pump inhibitors (EPIs). EtBr efflux was evaluated by EtBr-agar method and flow cytometry. The presence of efflux pump genes was determined by conventional PCR before to quantify the expression of 30 genes coding for membrane transporters by qPCR. The presence of erm(46) and mutations in 23S rRNA, and gyrA/gyrB was assessed by PCR and DNA sequencing to exclude the occurrence of resistance mechanisms other than efflux. RESULTS R. equi EtBr25 showed an increased EtBr efflux. Against this strain, the activity of EtBr, azithromycin and ciprofloxacin was more affected than that of rifampicin and azithromycin/rifampicin combinations. Resistances were reversed by combining the antimicrobials with EPIs. Gene expression analysis detected a marked up-regulation of REQ_RS13460 encoding for a Major Facilitator Superfamily (MFS) transporter. G→A transition occurred in the transcriptional repressor tetR/acrR adjacent to REQ_RS13460. CONCLUSIONS Exposure of R. equi to EtBr unmasked an efflux-mediated defence against azithromycin and ciprofloxacin, which seemingly correlates with the overexpression of a specific MFS transporter. This genotype may mirror an insidious low-level resistance of clinically important isolates that could be countered by EPI-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Rampacci
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, via San Costanzo 4, 06126 Perugia, Italy
| | - Maria Luisa Marenzoni
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, via San Costanzo 4, 06126 Perugia, Italy
| | - Rolando Cannalire
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples "Federico II", via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Donatella Pietrella
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, via Gambuli 1, 06156 Perugia, Italy
| | - Stefano Sabatini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, via del Liceo 1, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Stefano Giovagnoli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, via del Liceo 1, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Tommaso Felicetti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, via del Liceo 1, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Marco Pepe
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, via San Costanzo 4, 06126 Perugia, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Passamonti
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, via San Costanzo 4, 06126 Perugia, Italy
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Lauteri E, Mariella J, Beccati F, Roelfsema E, Castagnetti C, Pepe M, Peric T, Barbato O, Montillo M, Rouge S, Freccero F. Adrenal Gland Ultrasonographic Measurements and Plasma Hormone Concentrations in Clinically Healthy Newborn Thoroughbred and Standardbred Foals. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11061832. [PMID: 34205258 PMCID: PMC8233797 DOI: 10.3390/ani11061832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis regulates many physiologic and metabolic functions and plays a central role in the inflammatory response to illness. Clinically, hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis function can be evaluated by combined assessment of adrenal hormones, adrenocorticotropin plasma concentrations and ultrasonographic examination of the adrenal glands in other species. Multiple individual variables have been demonstrated to affect ultrasonographic measurements of adrenal glands in several species. Ultrasonographic measurements of the adrenal glands and plasma concentration of adrenocorticotropin, cortisol, dehydroepiandrosterone, progesterone, aldosterone and adrenocorticotropin/adrenal hormone ratios were assessed and compared between Thoroughbred and Standardbred healthy neonatal foals. The effect of age, weight and sex on ultrasonographic measurements of the adrenal glands was also investigated. The width of whole adrenal glands and the medulla differed significantly between Thoroughbreds and Standardbreds. Cortisol and adrenocorticotropin were, respectively, higher and lower in Thoroughbreds than in Standardbreds. The cortisol/dehydroepiandrosterone ratio was higher in Thoroughbreds than in Standardbreds. The results of this study provide reference ranges for healthy neonatal Thoroughbred and Standardbred foals and suggest the presence of breed-related differences in ultrasonographic measurements, plasmatic cortisol and adrenocorticotropin concentrations. The higher cortisol/dehydroepiandrosterone ratio of Thoroughbred foals may suggest a different response to stress and environmental stimulation between the two breeds. Abstract Adrenal hormones, ACTH plasma concentrations and the ultrasonographic evaluation of the adrenal glands are considered complementary in clinical evaluations of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis function in several species. In dogs, age, size and weight have a significant effect on the ultrasonographic size of the adrenal glands. In neonatal foals, ultrasonographic evaluation and measurements of the adrenal glands have been demonstrated to be reliable; however, the effect of individual variables on ultrasonographic features has not been investigated, and the clinical usefulness of adrenal gland ultrasonography is still not known. The aims of this study were: (i) to provide and compare adrenal glands ultrasound measurements in healthy newborn Thoroughbred and Standardbred foals, and assess any effect of age, weight and sex on them; (ii) to assess and compare ACTH and steroid hormone concentrations in healthy neonatal foals of the two breeds. Venous blood samples and ultrasonographic images of the adrenal glands were collected from 10 healthy neonatal Thoroughbred and 10 healthy neonatal Standardbred foals. Ultrasonographic measurements of the adrenal glands were obtained and adrenocorticotropin (ACTH), cortisol, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), progesterone (P4) and aldosterone plasma concentrations were assessed. The ACTH/cortisol, ACTH/progesterone, ACTH/aldosterone, ACTH/DHEA and cortisol/DHEA ratios were calculated. A significant positive correlation was found between the height of the right adrenal gland and the foal’s weight; the width of the right and left adrenal gland and the medulla was significantly lower in Thoroughbreds than in Standardbreds. Cortisol and ACTH plasma concentrations were significantly higher and lower, respectively, in Thoroughbreds compared with Standardbreds. The cortisol/DHEA ratio was significantly higher in Thoroughbreds. This study provides reference ranges for neonatal Thoroughbred and Standardbred foals, and suggests the presence of breed-related differences in ultrasonographic adrenal gland measurements, plasmatic cortisol and ACTH concentrations. The higher cortisol/DHEA ratio detected in Thoroughbred foals could suggest a different response to environmental stimulation in the two breeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Lauteri
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Via San Costanzo 4, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (F.B.); (M.P.); (O.B.); (S.R.)
- Clinèquine, VetAgro Sup, University of Lyon, 1 Avenue Bourgelat, Marcy-l’Etoile, 69280 Lyon, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-340-924-9803
| | - Jole Mariella
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, Ozzano dell’Emilia, 40064 Bologna, Italy; (J.M.); (C.C.); (F.F.)
| | - Francesca Beccati
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Via San Costanzo 4, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (F.B.); (M.P.); (O.B.); (S.R.)
| | - Ellen Roelfsema
- Department of Equine Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 1, 3584 CL Utrecht, The Netherlands;
| | - Carolina Castagnetti
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, Ozzano dell’Emilia, 40064 Bologna, Italy; (J.M.); (C.C.); (F.F.)
- Health Science and Technologies Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research (HST-ICIR), University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Marco Pepe
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Via San Costanzo 4, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (F.B.); (M.P.); (O.B.); (S.R.)
| | - Tanja Peric
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, Via Sondrio 2/B, 33100 Udine, Italy; (T.P.); (M.M.)
| | - Olimpia Barbato
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Via San Costanzo 4, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (F.B.); (M.P.); (O.B.); (S.R.)
| | - Marta Montillo
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, Via Sondrio 2/B, 33100 Udine, Italy; (T.P.); (M.M.)
| | - Stefanie Rouge
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Via San Costanzo 4, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (F.B.); (M.P.); (O.B.); (S.R.)
| | - Francesca Freccero
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, Ozzano dell’Emilia, 40064 Bologna, Italy; (J.M.); (C.C.); (F.F.)
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Hesami M, Baiton A, Alizadeh M, Pepe M, Torkamaneh D, Jones AMP. Advances and Perspectives in Tissue Culture and Genetic Engineering of Cannabis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:5671. [PMID: 34073522 PMCID: PMC8197860 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
For a long time, Cannabis sativa has been used for therapeutic and industrial purposes. Due to its increasing demand in medicine, recreation, and industry, there is a dire need to apply new biotechnological tools to introduce new genotypes with desirable traits and enhanced secondary metabolite production. Micropropagation, conservation, cell suspension culture, hairy root culture, polyploidy manipulation, and Agrobacterium-mediated gene transformation have been studied and used in cannabis. However, some obstacles such as the low rate of transgenic plant regeneration and low efficiency of secondary metabolite production in hairy root culture and cell suspension culture have restricted the application of these approaches in cannabis. In the current review, in vitro culture and genetic engineering methods in cannabis along with other promising techniques such as morphogenic genes, new computational approaches, clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR), CRISPR/Cas9-equipped Agrobacterium-mediated genome editing, and hairy root culture, that can help improve gene transformation and plant regeneration, as well as enhance secondary metabolite production, have been highlighted and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Hesami
- Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (M.H.); (A.B.); (M.P.)
| | - Austin Baiton
- Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (M.H.); (A.B.); (M.P.)
| | - Milad Alizadeh
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada;
| | - Marco Pepe
- Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (M.H.); (A.B.); (M.P.)
| | - Davoud Torkamaneh
- Département de Phytologie, Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada;
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Paris A, Beccati F, Pepe M. Type, prevalence, and risk factors for the development of orthopedic injuries in endurance horses during training and competition. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2021; 258:1109-1118. [PMID: 33944587 DOI: 10.2460/javma.258.10.1109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To report the type, prevalence, and risk factors for the development of orthopedic injuries in endurance horses. ANIMALS 235 endurance horses. PROCEDURES Medical records of horses examined between January 2007 and December 2018 were reviewed. Recorded data were birth; breed; sex; dates of first and last examinations; presence of any conformation fault, lameness, positive flexion test result, and orthopedic injury; starts in endurance competitions; level of athletic activity; professional status of trainer or rider; and whether an orthopedic injury developed in > 1 limb or during or within 2 days after competition, lameness resolved after treatment, reinjury occurred, horse was eliminated from competition after treatment, and the horse required retirement from endurance competitions. Anatomic locations of injuries were classified as proximal portion of the metacarpal area, midportion of the metacarpal area, metacarpo- or metatarsophalangeal (fetlock) area, tarsus, or foot. For each outcome, multivariable logistic regression models were developed after bivariable logistic regression and collinearity analyses. RESULTS 351 orthopedic injuries were detected in 76.6% of the horses, with 27.1% that affected the fetlock area, 21.4% the proximal portion of the metacarpal area, 21.1% the foot, 12.8% the tarsus, 9.1% the midportion of the metacarpal area, and 8.5% other sites. High suspensory disease (21.4%) was the most common condition, followed by arthropathy of the metacarpo- or metatarsophalangeal joint (19.4%) and solar pain (14%). Age at first examination (OR, 1.70; 95% CI, 1.37 to 2.11), months of observation (OR, 1.03; 95% CI, 1.01 to 1.05), conformation fault of forelimbs (OR, 4.08; 95% CI, 1.53 to 10.89), and amateur status (OR, 2.62; 95% CI, 1.86 to 7.99) remained significant in the final multivariable regression model for the development of orthopedic injuries. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE A large number of endurance horses developed ≥ 1 orthopedic injury during training or competition. Clinical and diagnostic examinations should be focused with particular attention to the metacarpophalangeal joints, proximal portion of the metacarpal area, and foot.
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Pérez-Segura P, Paz-Cabezas M, Núñez-Gil IJ, Arroyo-Espliguero R, Maroun Eid C, Romero R, Fernández Rozas I, Uribarri A, Becerra-Muñoz VM, García Aguado M, Huang J, Rondano E, Cerrato E, Rodríguez EA, Ortega-Armas ME, Raposeiras Roubin S, Pepe M, Feltes G, Gonzalez A, Cortese B, Buzón L, El-Battrawy I, Estrada V. Prognostic factors at admission on patients with cancer COVID-19: Analysis of hope registry data. Med Clin (Barc) 2021; 157:318-324. [PMID: 34154809 PMCID: PMC8101784 DOI: 10.1016/j.medcli.2021.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Background Previous works seem to agree in the higher mortality of cancer patients with COVID-19. Identifying potential prognostic factors upon admission could help identify patients with a poor prognosis. Methods We aimed to explore the characteristics and evolution of COVID-19 cancer patients admitted to hospital in a multicenter international registry (HOPE COVID-19). Our primary objective is to define those characteristics that allow us to identify cancer patients with a worse prognosis (mortality within 30 days after the diagnosis of COVID-19). Results 5838 patients have been collected in this registry, of whom 770 had cancer among their antecedents. In hospital mortality reached 258 patients (33.51%). The median was 75 years (65–82). Regarding the distribution by sex, 34.55% of the patients (266/770) were women. The distribution by type of cancer: genitourinary 238/745 (31.95%), digestive 124/745 (16.54%), hematologic 95/745 (12.75%). In multivariate regression analysis, factors that are independently associated with mortality at admission are: renal impairment (OR 3.45, CI 97.5% 1.85–6.58), heart disease (2.32, 1.47–3.66), liver disease (4.69, 1.94–11.62), partial dependence (2.41, 1.34–4.33), total dependence (7.21, 2.60–21.82), fatigue (1.84, 1.16–2.93), arthromialgias (0.45, 0.26–0.78), SatO2 < 92% (4.58, 2.97–7.17), elevated LDH (2.61, 1.51–4.69) and abnormal decreased Blood Pressure (3.57, 1.81–7.15). Analitical parameters are also significant altered. Conclusion In patients with cancer from the HOPE registry, 30-day mortality from any cause is high and is associated with easily identifiable clinical factors upon arrival at the hospital. Identifying these patients can help initiate more intensive treatments from the start and evaluate the prognosis of these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - M Paz-Cabezas
- Medical Oncology Dpt. Hospital Clinico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - C Maroun Eid
- Hospital Universitario La Paz. Instituto de Investigación Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPAZ), Madrid, Spain
| | - R Romero
- Hospital Universitario Getafe, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - A Uribarri
- Hospital Clinico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | | | - M García Aguado
- Hospital Puerta de Hierro de Majadahonda. Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - J Huang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - E Rondano
- Sant'Andrea Hospital, Vercelli, Italy
| | - E Cerrato
- San Luigi Gonzaga University Hospital, Orbassano and Rivoli Infermi Hospital, Rivoli, Turin, Italy
| | | | - M E Ortega-Armas
- Hospital General del Norte de Guayaquil IESS Los Ceibos, Guayaquil, Ecuador
| | | | - M Pepe
- Azienda ospedaliero-universitaria consorziale policlinico di Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - G Feltes
- Nuestra Señora de América, Madrid, Spain
| | - A Gonzalez
- Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofia. San Sebastian de los Reyes, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - L Buzón
- Hospital Universitario de Burgos, Burgos, Spain
| | - I El-Battrawy
- First Department of Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University Heidelberg, Mannheim, 68167, Germany, DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site, Heidelberg-Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - V Estrada
- Hospital Clinico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
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Scilimati N, Pepe M, Pressanto MC, Angeli G, Beccati F. Multimodal Diagnostic Imaging to Identify Septic Apophysitis of the Proximal Humerus in a Thoroughbred Foal. J Equine Vet Sci 2021; 101:103448. [PMID: 33993941 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2021.103448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A 4-month-old Thoroughbred filly was referred for evaluation of severe left forelimb lameness of 24 hours duration. Radiographic projections of the shoulder revealed mild irregularity and sclerosis of the proximal humeral apophysis. Ultrasonographic examination showed a moderate increase in the amount of anechogenic synovial fluid within the intertubercular bursa and scapulohumeral joint, and irregularity of the ossifying bone surface of the intermediate tubercle of the humerus. Computed tomographic (CT) examination revealed a circular hypoattenuating area at the level of the proximal apophysis of the humerus. CT imaging in this case was essential for an early identification of the septic foci and it allowed ultrasound-guided sample from the lesion for the selection of targeted antibiotic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Scilimati
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.
| | - Marco Pepe
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Maria Chiara Pressanto
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Giovanni Angeli
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Francesca Beccati
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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Rangel CS, Amario M, Pepe M, Martinelli E, Toledo Filho RD. Influence of Wetting and Drying Cycles on Physical and Mechanical Behavior of Recycled Aggregate Concrete. Materials (Basel) 2020; 13:ma13245675. [PMID: 33322691 PMCID: PMC7764338 DOI: 10.3390/ma13245675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Recently, concerns have been rising about the impact of increasing the depletion of natural resources and the relevant generation of construction and demolition waste, on the environment and economy. Therefore, several efforts have been made to promote sustainable efficiency in the construction industry and the use of recycled aggregates derived from concrete debris for new concrete mixtures (leading to so-called recycled aggregate concrete, RAC) is one of the most promising solutions. Unfortunately, there are still gaps in knowledge regarding the durability performances of RAC. In this study, we investigate durability of structural RAC subjected to wet-dry cycles. We analyze the results of an experimental campaign aimed at evaluating the degradation process induced by wetting and drying cycles on the key physical and mechanical properties of normal- and high-strength concrete, produced with coarse recycled concrete aggregates (RCAs) of different sizes and origins. On the basis of the results we propose a degradation law for wetting and drying cycles, which explicitly makes a possible correlation between the initial concrete porosity, directly related to the specific properties of the RCAs and the resulting level of damage obtained in RAC samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline S. Rangel
- Department of Civil Engineering—COPPE, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, 21941-972 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; (C.S.R.); (M.A.); (R.D.T.F.)
| | - Mayara Amario
- Department of Civil Engineering—COPPE, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, 21941-972 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; (C.S.R.); (M.A.); (R.D.T.F.)
| | - Marco Pepe
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy;
- TESIS srl, 84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Enzo Martinelli
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy;
- TESIS srl, 84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy
| | - Romildo D. Toledo Filho
- Department of Civil Engineering—COPPE, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, 21941-972 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; (C.S.R.); (M.A.); (R.D.T.F.)
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Beccati F, Pepe M, Santinelli I, Gialletti R, Di Meo A, Romero JM. Radiographic findings and anatomical variations of the caudal cervical area in horses with neck pain and ataxia: case-control study on 116 horses. Vet Rec 2020; 187:e79. [PMID: 33033105 DOI: 10.1136/vr.105756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Abnormalities of the ventral lamina of the sixth cervical vertebra (AVL-C6) are thought to exert abnormal stress on the articular process joints (APJs) of the cervicothoracic junction. The aim of the study was to investigate the association between AVL-C6 and radiographic findings in the caudal cervical area and between clinical signs of neck pain and ataxia and radiographic findings. METHODS Medical records of horses subjected to cervical radiography were reviewed. Horses were classified into those with neck pain (group C), those with ataxia (group A) and healthy horses (group H). Presence of AVL-C6 and increased size, dysplasia, remodelling, fragmentation and osteochondral fragment at the APJs (C5-T1) were recorded. Univariable logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the associations between explanatory and dependent variables. Variables with P<0.2 were included in the multivariable analysis. RESULTS One hundred and sixteen horses were included (44 in group C, 29 in group A, 66 in group H); 24 of 116 horses had radiographic AVL-C6. Age, AVL-C6 and overall/C6-C7 increase in size remained in the final models. CONCLUSIONS The presence of AVL-C6 and moderate/severe increase in size of the caudal cervical APJs increase the odds of showing neck pain and, if severe, ataxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Beccati
- Sport Horse Research Center, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Marco Pepe
- Sport Horse Research Center, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | | | - Rodolfo Gialletti
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Antonio Di Meo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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Lauteri E, Mariella J, Beccati F, De Graaf-Roelfsema E, Castagnetti C, Pepe M, Peric T, Barbato O, Montillo M, Rouge S, Freccero F. Ultrasonographic measurement of the adrenal gland in neonatal foals: reliability of the technique and assessment of variation in healthy foals during the first five days of life. Vet Rec 2020; 187:e117. [PMID: 33024010 DOI: 10.1136/vr.106027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adrenal gland ultrasonographic measurements are useful in clinical evaluation of patients with adrenal dysfunction in several species. In human healthy neonates, the ultrasonographic size of the adrenal glands decreases during the first days of life. Ultrasonography of adrenal glands was demonstrated to be feasible in neonatal foals. The aims of this study were to describe a technique for ultrasonographic measurement of adrenal gland size to test its reliability in neonatal foals, and to assess any variation of ultrasonographic measurements during the first five days of life in healthy foals. METHODS First, measurements of the adrenal glands were retrospectively obtained by three observers in 26 adrenal gland images of 13 healthy and sick neonatal foals. The interobserver and intraobserver agreement were tested. Later, adrenal gland ultrasonographic images and measurements were acquired by one operator in 11 healthy neonatal foals at one, three and five days of life and differences among the measurements obtained at the different time points were assessed. RESULTS Interobserver agreement ranged from fair to excellent (0.48-0.92), except for cortex width (<0.4); intraobserver agreement ranged from good to excellent (0.52-0.98). No significant differences were found among the measurements obtained at one, three and five days of life. CONCLUSION Adrenal glands ultrasonographic measurements can be obtained consistently in equine neonates, and in contrast to people they do not vary during the first five days of life in healthy foals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Lauteri
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy .,Clinèquine, VetAgro Sup, University of Lyon, Marcy-l'Etoile, France
| | - Jole Mariella
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia, Emilia-Romagna, Italy
| | - Francesca Beccati
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Ellen De Graaf-Roelfsema
- Department of Equine Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Carolina Castagnetti
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia, Emilia-Romagna, Italy.,Health Science and Technologies Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research (HST-ICIR), University of Bologna, Bologna, Emilia-Romagna, Italy
| | - Marco Pepe
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Tanja Peric
- Department of Food Sciences, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Olimpia Barbato
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Marta Montillo
- Department of Food Sciences, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Stefanie Rouge
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Francesca Freccero
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia, Emilia-Romagna, Italy
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De Simone A, Anselmino M, Scaglione M, Stabile G, Solimene F, De Bellis A, Pepe M, Panella A, Ferraris F, Malacrida M, Maddaluno F, Gaita F, García-Bolao I. Is the mid-diastolic isthmus always the best ablation target for re-entrant atrial tachycardias? J Cardiovasc Med (Hagerstown) 2020; 21:113-122. [PMID: 31895131 DOI: 10.2459/jcm.0000000000000923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
AIMS We evaluated the ability of an ultrahigh mapping system to identify the most convenient Rhythmia ablation target (RAT) in intra-atrial re-entrant tachycardias (IART) in terms of the narrowest area to transect to interrupt the re-entry. METHODS A total of 24 consecutive patients were enrolled with a total of 26 IARTs. The Rhythmia mapping system was used to identify the RAT in all IARTs. RESULTS In 18 cases the RAT matched the mid-diastolic phase of the re-entry whereas in 8 cases the RAT differed. In these patients, the mid-diastolic tissue in the active circuit never represented the area with the slowest conduction velocity of the re-entry. The mean conduction velocity at the mid-diastolic site was significantly slower in the group of patients in which the RAT matched the mid-diastolic site (P = 0.0173) and that of the remaining circuit was significantly slower in the group in which the RAT did not match (P = 0.0068). The mean conduction velocity at the RAT was comparable between the two groups (P = 0.66). CONCLUSION Identifying the RAT in challenging IARTs by means of high-density representation of the wavefront propagation of the tachycardia seems feasible and effective. In one-third of cases this approach identifies an area that differs from the mid-diastolic corridor.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matteo Anselmino
- Department of Medical Sciences, 'Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino' Hospital, University of Turin, Turin
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Federico Ferraris
- Department of Medical Sciences, 'Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino' Hospital, University of Turin, Turin
| | | | | | - Fiorenzo Gaita
- Department of Medical Sciences, 'Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino' Hospital, University of Turin, Turin
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Chiaradia E, Pepe M, Sassi P, Mohren R, Orvietani PL, Paolantoni M, Tognoloni A, Sforna M, Eveque M, Tombolesi N, Cillero-Pastor B. Comparative label-free proteomic analysis of equine osteochondrotic chondrocytes. J Proteomics 2020; 228:103927. [PMID: 32768606 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2020.103927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Osteochondrosis is a developmental orthopedic disease affecting growing cartilage in young horses. In this study we compared the proteomes of equine chondrocytes obtained from healthy and osteochondrotic cartilage using a label-free mass spectrometry approach. Quantitative changes of some proteins selected for their involvement in different functional pathways highlighted by the bioinformatics analysis, were validated by western blotting, while biochemical alterations of extracellular matrix were confirmed via Raman spectroscopy analysis. In total 1637 proteins were identified, of which 59 were differentially abundant. Overall, the results highlighted differentially represented proteins involved in metabolic and functional pathways that may be related to the failure of the endochondral ossification process occurring in osteochondrosis. In particular, we identified proteins involved in extracellular matrix degradation and organization, vitamin metabolism, osteoblast differentiation, apoptosis, protein folding and localization, signalling and gene expression modulation and lysosomal activities. These results provide valuable new insights to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms associated with the development and progression of osteochondrosis. SIGNIFICANCE: Osteochondrosis is a common articular disorder in young horses mainly due to defects in endochondral ossification. The pathogenesis of osteochondrosis is still poorly understood and only a limited number of proteomic studies have been conducted. This study provides a comprehensive characterization of proteomic alterations occurring in equine osteochondrotic chondrocytes, the only resident cell type that modulates differentiation and maturation of articular cartilage. The results evidenced alterations in abundance of proteins involved in functional and metabolic pathways and in extracellular matrix remodelling. These findings could help clarify some molecular aspects of osteochondrosis and open new fields of research for elucidating the pathogenesis of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Chiaradia
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, via San Costanzo 4, 06126 Perugia, Italy.
| | - Marco Pepe
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, via San Costanzo 4, 06126 Perugia, Italy.
| | - Paola Sassi
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, via Elce di sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Ronny Mohren
- The Maastricht Multimodal Molecular Imaging Institute (M4I), Division of Imaging Mass Spectrometry, Maastricht University, The Netherlands
| | - Pier Luigi Orvietani
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, via Gambuli, 1, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Marco Paolantoni
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, via Elce di sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Alessia Tognoloni
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, via San Costanzo 4, 06126 Perugia, Italy
| | - Monica Sforna
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, via San Costanzo 4, 06126 Perugia, Italy
| | - Maxime Eveque
- The Maastricht Multimodal Molecular Imaging Institute (M4I), Division of Imaging Mass Spectrometry, Maastricht University, The Netherlands
| | - Niki Tombolesi
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, via Elce di sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Berta Cillero-Pastor
- The Maastricht Multimodal Molecular Imaging Institute (M4I), Division of Imaging Mass Spectrometry, Maastricht University, The Netherlands
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Segreti L, De Simone A, Schillaci V, Bongiorni MG, Pelargonio G, Pandozi C, Di Cori A, Stabile G, Pepe M, Zucchelli G, Shopova G, De Lucia R, Ferrari C, Casati F, Malacrida M, Solimene F. A novel local impedance algorithm to guide effective pulmonary vein isolation in atrial fibrillation patients: Preliminary experience across different ablation sites from the CHARISMA pilot study. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 2020; 31:2319-2327. [PMID: 32613661 DOI: 10.1111/jce.14647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Recently, a novel technology able to measure local impedance (LI) and tissue characteristics has been made available for clinical use. This analysis explores the relationships among LI and generator impedance (GI) parameters in atrial fibrillation (AF) patients. Characterization of LI among different ablation spots and procedural success were also evaluated. METHODS AND RESULTS Consecutive patients undergoing AF ablation from the CHARISMA registry at five Italian centers were included. A novel radiofrequency (RF) ablation catheter with a dedicated algorithm (DIRECTSENSE™) was used to measure LI and to guide ablation. The ablation endpoint was pulmonary vein (PV) isolation. We analyzed 2219 ablation spots created around PVs in 46 patients for AF ablation. The mean baseline tissue impedance was 105.8 ± 14 Ω for LI versus 91.8 ± 10 Ω for GI (p < .0001). Baseline impedance was homogenous across the PV sites and proved higher in high-voltage areas than in intermediate- and low-voltage areas and the blood pool (p < .001). Both LI and GI displayed a significant drop after RF delivery, and absolute LI drop values were significantly larger than GI drop values (14 ± 8 vs. 3.7 ± 5 Ω, p < .0001). Every 5-point increment in LI drop was associated with successful ablation (odds ratio = 3.05, 95% confidence interval: 2.3-4.1, p < .0001). Conversely, GI drops were not significantly different comparing successful versus unsuccessful sites (3.7 ± 5 vs. 2.8 ± 4 Ω, p = .1099). No steam pops or major complications occurred during or after the procedures. By the end of the procedures, all PVs had been successfully isolated in all patients. CONCLUSIONS The magnitude of the LI drop was more closely associated with effective lesion formation than the GI drop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Segreti
- Second Division of Cardiology, Cardiac-Thoracic-Vascular Department, New Santa Chiara Hospital, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy
| | - Antonio De Simone
- Laboratorio di Elettrofisiologia, Clinica San Michele, Maddaloni, Caserta, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Schillaci
- Laboratorio di Elettrofisiologia, Clinica Montevergine, Mercogliano, Avellino, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Bongiorni
- Second Division of Cardiology, Cardiac-Thoracic-Vascular Department, New Santa Chiara Hospital, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy
| | - Gemma Pelargonio
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Sciences, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudio Pandozi
- Division of Cardiology, San Filippo Neri Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Di Cori
- Second Division of Cardiology, Cardiac-Thoracic-Vascular Department, New Santa Chiara Hospital, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Stabile
- Laboratorio di Elettrofisiologia, Clinica Montevergine, Mercogliano, Avellino, Italy
| | - Marco Pepe
- Laboratorio di Elettrofisiologia, Clinica San Michele, Maddaloni, Caserta, Italy
| | - Giulio Zucchelli
- Second Division of Cardiology, Cardiac-Thoracic-Vascular Department, New Santa Chiara Hospital, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy
| | - Gergana Shopova
- Laboratorio di Elettrofisiologia, Clinica Montevergine, Mercogliano, Avellino, Italy
| | - Raffaele De Lucia
- Second Division of Cardiology, Cardiac-Thoracic-Vascular Department, New Santa Chiara Hospital, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Francesco Solimene
- Laboratorio di Elettrofisiologia, Clinica Montevergine, Mercogliano, Avellino, Italy
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Romero JM, Pressanto MC, Pepe M, Di Meo A, Beccati F. Clinical and ultrasonographic findings of a tear of the gastrocnemius muscle and enthesopathy of the origin of the superficial digital flexor muscle in a reining Quarter Horse mare. EQUINE VET EDUC 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/eve.13257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. M. Romero
- Equivet – Veterinarians c/o Tamajon 3 Madrid Spain
| | - M. C. Pressanto
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital Department of Veterinary Medicine University of Perugia PerugiaItaly
| | - M. Pepe
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital Department of Veterinary Medicine University of Perugia PerugiaItaly
- Sport Horse Research Centre Department of Veterinary Medicine University of Perugia Perugia Italy
| | - A. Di Meo
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital Department of Veterinary Medicine University of Perugia PerugiaItaly
| | - F. Beccati
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital Department of Veterinary Medicine University of Perugia PerugiaItaly
- Sport Horse Research Centre Department of Veterinary Medicine University of Perugia Perugia Italy
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Di Battista C, Conte M, Pepe M, Petrizzi L, Beccati F. Epidemiology and risk factors for eliminations from Fédération Equestre Internationale endurance rides between 2004-2015 in Italy. Prev Vet Med 2019; 170:104737. [PMID: 31421491 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2019.104737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
There is limited information on risk factors for elimination from endurance rides and changes over the years. The objectives of this study were to describe elimination for irregular gait and metabolic reasons from Fédération Equestre Internationale (FEI) endurance rides in Italy (2004-2015) and to assess risk factors and to investigate changes in elimination rates and speed over the long term. Data for FEI endurance rides were collected from three websites. Year, month, day, location, class (Concours de Raid d'Endurance International [CEI]*/**/***), restriction to young riders, distance (km), number of starters, horses' age and breed, and average finish speed for each horse were recorded. Horses were classified as completed, retired or eliminated for irregular gait, metabolic or other reasons. Environment data were obtained from the Il Meteo website. Descriptive data were summarized, and univariable analyses and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to investigate risk factors. The chi-squared test and one-way or Friedman analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used to assess differences between years. Variables associated with elimination for irregular gait were the number of starters, age of the horse, classes, minimum temperature and presence of rain; those associated with elimination for metabolic reasons were the number of starters, classes, horse breed and minimum temperature. Average finish speed increased over the years but the elimination frequency changed only for metabolic reasons, with a higher percentage at the beginning of the study period. This study was conducted in Italy and the results may not be applicable globally; speed was available only for horses that completed the competition. Average finish speed increased over the years but the percentage of eliminations remained stable after 2007. Training, nutrition, previous injuries and treatments are likely to contribute to problems occurring during the ride, and investigation of these factors would be desirable.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marco Pepe
- Centro di Studi del Cavallo Sportivo, Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Via San Costanzo 4, 06126, Perugia, Italy.
| | - Lucio Petrizzi
- Università degli Studi di Teramo, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, SP 18, 64100, Teramo, Italy.
| | - Francesca Beccati
- Centro di Studi del Cavallo Sportivo, Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Via San Costanzo 4, 06126, Perugia, Italy.
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Canonici P, Beccati F, Canonici F, Pepe M. In vitro evaluation of a medial approach for intra-articular injection of the tarsometatarsal joints of horses. Am J Vet Res 2019; 80:396-402. [PMID: 30919680 DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.80.4.396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To develop a reliable method for injection of the tarsometatarsal (TMT) joint of horses through a medial approach and to characterize anatomy of the synovial recesses of the TMT joint with CT. SAMPLE 13 pairs of fresh cadaveric equine tarsi. PROCEDURES TMT joints were assessed with radiography and CT. Twelve pairs of TMT joints were assigned to an experienced veterinarian (8 joints) or veterinary student (16 joints) for injection with contrast medium through a medial or a lateral approach. Every TMT joint was then reexamined radiographically and with CT to assess diffusion of contrast medium. The number of attempts for the lateral and medial approaches between and within investigators was evaluated, which included evaluation of the diffusion of contrast solution in relation to the approach used. RESULTS All 24 TMT joints were successfully injected, as confirmed with radiography and CT. There was no significant difference in the number of attempts between the medial and lateral approaches and between investigators. No significant difference was detected in the distribution of contrast medium in each synovial recess between the medial and lateral approaches. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE The medial approach described here for injection of the TMT joint of horses was highly reliable. It involved use of an easily palpable anatomic landmark on the mediodistal aspect of the TMT joint. An established alternative method for injection of the TMT joint may be useful in clinical practice for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes, although a medial approach may increase risk of injury to veterinarians.
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Capomaccio S, Cappelli K, Bazzucchi C, Coletti M, Gialletti R, Moriconi F, Passamonti F, Pepe M, Petrini S, Mecocci S, Silvestrelli M, Pascucci L. Equine Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Release Extracellular Vesicles Enclosing Different Subsets of Small RNAs. Stem Cells Int 2019; 2019:4957806. [PMID: 31011332 PMCID: PMC6442443 DOI: 10.1155/2019/4957806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Equine adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (e-AdMSC) exhibit attractive proregenerative properties strongly related to the delivery of extracellular vesicles (EVs) that enclose different kinds of molecules including RNAs. In this study, we investigated small RNA content of EVs produced by e-AdMSC with the aim of speculating on their possible biological role. METHODS EVs were obtained by ultracentrifugation of the conditioned medium of e-AdMSC of 4 subjects. Transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy were performed to assess their size and nanostructure. RNA was isolated, enriched for small RNAs (<200 nt), and sequenced by Illumina technology. After bioinformatic analysis with state-of-the-art pipelines for short sequences, mapped reads were used to describe EV RNA cargo, reporting classes, and abundances. Enrichment analyses were performed to infer involved pathways and functional categories. RESULTS Electron microscopy showed the presence of vesicles ranging in size from 30 to 300 nm and expressing typical markers. RNA analysis revealed that ribosomal RNA was the most abundant fraction, followed by small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs, 13.67%). Miscellaneous RNA (misc_RNA) reached 4.57% of the total where Y RNA, RNaseP, and vault RNA represented the main categories. miRNAs were sequenced at a lower level (3.51%) as well as protein-coding genes (1.33%). Pathway analyses on the protein-coding fraction revealed a significant enrichment for the "ribosome" pathway followed by "oxidative phosphorylation." Gene Ontology analysis showed enrichment for terms like "extracellular exosome," "organelle envelope," "RNA binding," and "small molecule metabolic process." The miRNA target pathway analysis revealed the presence of "signaling pathways regulating pluripotency of stem cells" coherent with the source of the samples. CONCLUSION We herein demonstrated that e-AdMSC release EVs enclosing different subsets of small RNAs that potentially regulate a number of biological processes. These findings shed light on the role of EVs in the context of MSC biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Capomaccio
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Via San Costanzo, 4, 06126 Perugia, Italy
- Centro di Ricerca sul Cavallo Sportivo (CRCS), Università degli Studi di Perugia, Italy
| | - Katia Cappelli
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Via San Costanzo, 4, 06126 Perugia, Italy
- Centro di Ricerca sul Cavallo Sportivo (CRCS), Università degli Studi di Perugia, Italy
| | - Cinzia Bazzucchi
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Via San Costanzo, 4, 06126 Perugia, Italy
| | - Mauro Coletti
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Via San Costanzo, 4, 06126 Perugia, Italy
- Centro di Ricerca sul Cavallo Sportivo (CRCS), Università degli Studi di Perugia, Italy
| | - Rodolfo Gialletti
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Via San Costanzo, 4, 06126 Perugia, Italy
- Centro di Ricerca sul Cavallo Sportivo (CRCS), Università degli Studi di Perugia, Italy
| | - Franco Moriconi
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Via San Costanzo, 4, 06126 Perugia, Italy
- Centro di Ricerca sul Cavallo Sportivo (CRCS), Università degli Studi di Perugia, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Passamonti
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Via San Costanzo, 4, 06126 Perugia, Italy
- Centro di Ricerca sul Cavallo Sportivo (CRCS), Università degli Studi di Perugia, Italy
| | - Marco Pepe
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Via San Costanzo, 4, 06126 Perugia, Italy
- Centro di Ricerca sul Cavallo Sportivo (CRCS), Università degli Studi di Perugia, Italy
| | - Stefano Petrini
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Umbria e delle Marche, Italy
| | - Samanta Mecocci
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Via San Costanzo, 4, 06126 Perugia, Italy
- Centro di Ricerca sul Cavallo Sportivo (CRCS), Università degli Studi di Perugia, Italy
| | - Maurizio Silvestrelli
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Via San Costanzo, 4, 06126 Perugia, Italy
- Centro di Ricerca sul Cavallo Sportivo (CRCS), Università degli Studi di Perugia, Italy
| | - Luisa Pascucci
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Via San Costanzo, 4, 06126 Perugia, Italy
- Centro di Ricerca sul Cavallo Sportivo (CRCS), Università degli Studi di Perugia, Italy
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Mele D, Smarrazzo V, Pedrizzetti G, Capasso F, Pepe M, Severino S, Luisi GA, Maglione M, Ferrari R. Intracardiac Flow Analysis: Techniques and Potential Clinical Applications. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2019; 32:319-332. [DOI: 10.1016/j.echo.2018.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Beccati F, Santinelli I, Nannarone S, Pepe M. Influence of neck position on commonly performed radiographic measurements of the cervical vertebral region in horses. Am J Vet Res 2019; 79:1044-1049. [PMID: 30256143 DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.79.10.1044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the influence of various neck positions on cervical vertebral radiographic measurements in horses. ANIMALS 18 client-owned horses examined for lameness but free of cervical disease. PROCEDURES Laterolateral radiographs of the cervical vertebrae from C1 through T1 were acquired for each horse in 3 neck positions (low, neutral, and high). Minimum sagittal diameter, intravertebral sagittal diameter (intra-VSD) ratio, inter-VSD ratio, length of the articular processes joint ratio, vertebral alignment angle, and vertebral fossa angle were measured at each segment in each neck position. Values for the high and low positions were compared with those for the neutral position. RESULTS No significant differences from neutral position values were identified for minimum sagittal diameter, intra-VSD ratio, and vertebral fossa angle as measured in low and high neck positions. Compared with results in the neutral position, the high position resulted in a greater vertebral alignment angle at C3-4 and inter-VSD ratio at C4-5 and a lower length of the articular processes joint ratio at C2-3, C3-4, and C4-5; the low position resulted in a lower vertebral alignment angle at C4-5. However, all observed differences were small. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Neck position influenced some radiographic measurements of the cervical vertebrae in horses free of cervical disease. However, because several of these measurements were not or were only minimally affected by neck position, some latitude in neck position may be possible without concern about substantially affecting radiographic measurements in this region.
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Bianchini E, Mancini F, Di Meo A, Stabile A, Buratta S, Moscati L, Pistilli A, Floridi C, Pepe M, Chiaradia E. Protective effects of platelet-rich plasma against lidocaine cytotoxicity on canine articular chondrocytes. Acta Vet Scand 2018; 60:63. [PMID: 30367652 PMCID: PMC6204030 DOI: 10.1186/s13028-018-0418-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Lidocaine (LD) is one of the most commonly used local anesthetics for performing arthroscopic surgery and managing of osteoarthritic pain in both human and veterinary medicine. However, over the last years, several studies have focused on the chondrotoxic effects of LD. In order to ensure that intra-articular lidocaine is safe to use, treatments aimed at mitigating chondrocyte death have recently been investigated. The aim of this study is to evaluate the possible protective effects of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) against LD cytotoxicity on canine articular chondrocytes. Results Articular canine chondrocytes, were exposed to 1% or 1.8% LD alone or in co-presence with 10% PRP for 30 min. In order to evaluate the effects of PRP pre-treatments, experiments were carried out on cells cultured in serum-free medium-or in medium supplemented with 10% PRP or 10% fetal bovine serum. Cell viability was evaluated by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium assay and cell apoptosis was analyzed by flow cytometry using annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate/propidium iodide. The results showed that LD significantly reduced canine chondrocytes viability, probably due to apoptosis induction. Pre-treatment or the co-presence of PRP in the media restored the number of viable chondrocytes. The PRP also seemed to protect the cells from LD-induced apoptosis. Conclusions Pre-treatments and/or the simultaneous administration of PRP reduced LD-induced cytotoxicity in canine chondrocytes. Further in vivo studies are required to determine whether PRP can be used as a save protective treatment for dogs receiving intra-articular LD injections.
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Pressanto MC, Beccati F, Stefanetti V, Passamonti F, Pilati N, Pepe M. Septic pyomyositis, multiple pelvic osteomyelitis and thrombosis in a Thoroughbred foal. EQUINE VET EDUC 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/eve.13002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. C. Pressanto
- Department of Veterinary Medicine Veterinary Teaching Hospital of the University of Perugia Perugia Italy
| | - F. Beccati
- Department of Veterinary Medicine Veterinary Teaching Hospital of the University of Perugia Perugia Italy
- Sport Horse Study Center Department of Veterinary Medicine University of Perugia Perugia Italy
| | - V. Stefanetti
- Department of Veterinary Medicine Veterinary Teaching Hospital of the University of Perugia Perugia Italy
| | - F. Passamonti
- Department of Veterinary Medicine Veterinary Teaching Hospital of the University of Perugia Perugia Italy
- Sport Horse Study Center Department of Veterinary Medicine University of Perugia Perugia Italy
| | - N. Pilati
- Department of Veterinary Medicine Veterinary Teaching Hospital of the University of Perugia Perugia Italy
| | - M. Pepe
- Department of Veterinary Medicine Veterinary Teaching Hospital of the University of Perugia Perugia Italy
- Sport Horse Study Center Department of Veterinary Medicine University of Perugia Perugia Italy
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Beccati F, Pepe M, Antinori L, Pascucci L, Chiaradia E, Mandara MT. Sympathetic Innervation and Adrenergic Receptors in Equine Deep Digital Flexor Tendinopathy: Preliminary Results. J Comp Pathol 2018; 163:33-37. [PMID: 30213372 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2018.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2018] [Revised: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to delineate the pattern of sympathetic innervation in the suprasesamoidean region of the deep digital flexor tendon (DDFT) in horses with tendinopathy by immunohistochemical labelling for tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and α-1 adrenergic receptor (α1-AR). Twelve forelimbs were obtained from 10 horses with DDFT tendinopathy and six feet obtained from six horses were used as healthy controls. Post-mortem radiographic, ultrasonographic and gross examinations were performed on the suprasesamoidean area of the DDFT to assess the presence of tendinopathy. Longitudinal sections were collected and processed. Lesions were classified as core lesions, dorsal border lesions and parasagittal oblique splits. Immunohistochemistry was performed and the degree of immunoreaction was classified as absent, mild or marked. Seven core lesions, four dorsal border lesions and one parasagittal oblique split were identified. There was no increased expression of sympathetic innervation in samples with a dorsal border lesion of the DDFT compared with healthy samples. In contrast, core lesions showed increased expression of α1-AR and reduced expression of TH, which supports the hypothesis of a compensatory imbalance between the sympathetic mediator and the sympathetic receptors as a cause or effect of structural damage. In addition, adrenergic activation could stimulate cell proliferation and differentiation within these lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Beccati
- Sport Horses Studies Centre, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Via San Costanzo 4, Perugia, Italy.
| | - M Pepe
- Sport Horses Studies Centre, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Via San Costanzo 4, Perugia, Italy
| | - L Antinori
- Clinica Veterinaria Roma Sud, Via Pilade Mazza, 24, Roma, Italy
| | - L Pascucci
- Sport Horses Studies Centre, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Via San Costanzo 4, Perugia, Italy
| | - E Chiaradia
- Sport Horses Studies Centre, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Via San Costanzo 4, Perugia, Italy
| | - M T Mandara
- Sport Horses Studies Centre, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Via San Costanzo 4, Perugia, Italy
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Lamort A, Weiß S, Lillis I, Armenis V, Arendt K, Pepe M, Klotz L, Marazioti A, Spella M, Giopanou I, Ntaliarda G, Giotopoulou G, Lianou M, Oplopoiou M, Kauka K, Jenne D, Stathopoulos G. Tumor-derived granulocyte chemotactic protein 2 cooperates with neutrophil proteinase 3 to drive lung adenocarcinoma. Lung Cancer 2018. [DOI: 10.1183/13993003.congress-2018.lsc-1118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Capasso F, Pepe M, Severino S, Valva G, Landino P, Mele D. Urgent Myocardial Revascularization in Non ST-Segment Elevation Acute Myocardial Infarction Guided by Speckle Tracking Echocardiography: A Challenging Interventional Decision-Making. Cardiology 2018; 140:222-226. [DOI: 10.1159/000488934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A 68-year-old man with a non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) presented with a low risk profile indicating invasive revascularization within 72 h. However, left ventricular (LV) global longitudinal strain (GLS) calculated by two-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography (2D-STE) in the Emergency Room showed substantial myocardial infarction. Therefore, urgent reperfusion therapy was decided and delivered within 30 min from hospital admission. LV GLS fully recovered after the invasive procedure and the final infarct size was 7%. This case shows that very early revascularization in NSTEMI patients can be guided by 2D-STE and might be considered for those patients with substantial LV myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Miglio
- Department of Veterinary Medicine University of Perugia Perugia Italy
- Centro di Ricerca sul Cavallo Sportivo University of Perugia Perugia Italy
| | - M. Pepe
- Department of Veterinary Medicine University of Perugia Perugia Italy
- Centro di Ricerca sul Cavallo Sportivo University of Perugia Perugia Italy
| | - M. J. B. Felippe
- Department of Clinical Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine Cornell University Ithaca New York USA
| | - M. T. Antognoni
- Department of Veterinary Medicine University of Perugia Perugia Italy
- Centro di Ricerca sul Cavallo Sportivo University of Perugia Perugia Italy
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Rampacci E, Marenzoni ML, Chiaradia E, Passamonti F, Ricci M, Pepe M, Coletti M, Giovagnoli S. In vitro performances of novel co-spray-dried azithromycin/rifampicin microparticles for Rhodococcus equi disease treatment. Sci Rep 2018; 8:12149. [PMID: 30108265 PMCID: PMC6092326 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-30715-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This work was aimed at providing clues on the in vitro performances of novel azithromycin/rifampicin combinations, in the form of co-spray-dried microparticles (AZM/RIF MP), against Rhodococcus equi, an animal and emerging human pathogen found responsible for worrying zoonosis. Various AZM/RIF combinations were spray-dried and characterized for their morphology and size. Susceptibility studies included determination of MIC, MBC, Fractional Inhibitory/Bactericidal Concentration Indexes and intracellular activity in R. equi-infected THP-1 cells. Cytotoxicity was tested on BEAS-2B cells through MTT assay and combination index assessment for drug interaction. Spray-dried MP were collapsed and 3-10 times smaller than commercial powders. Drug combinations showed an enhancement of in vitro antibacterial activity with a remarkable synergistic bactericidal effect. Azithromycin MP and AZM/RIF MP 2:1 led to a CFU reduction of >90% up to 4 days after treatment at all tested concentrations (p = 0.001) but AZM/RIF MP 2:1 were at least four-fold more potent than AZM MP alone. IC50 values of >100 mg/L supported low cytotoxicity of drug combinations and the combination index suggested an antagonistic toxic effect. Co-spray-drying enhanced powder dispersibility and solubility, which may improve bioavailability as well as provide administration alternatives. The novel AZM/RIF MP combinations could result a valid platform to develop new treatment strategies against R. equi infections in animals and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Rampacci
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Centro di Studio del Cavallo Sportivo, University of Perugia, Via San Costanzo 4, Perugia, 06126, Italy.
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via del Liceo 1, Perugia, 06123, Italy.
| | - Maria Luisa Marenzoni
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Centro di Studio del Cavallo Sportivo, University of Perugia, Via San Costanzo 4, Perugia, 06126, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Chiaradia
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Centro di Studio del Cavallo Sportivo, University of Perugia, Via San Costanzo 4, Perugia, 06126, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Passamonti
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Centro di Studio del Cavallo Sportivo, University of Perugia, Via San Costanzo 4, Perugia, 06126, Italy
| | - Maurizio Ricci
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via del Liceo 1, Perugia, 06123, Italy
| | - Marco Pepe
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Centro di Studio del Cavallo Sportivo, University of Perugia, Via San Costanzo 4, Perugia, 06126, Italy
| | - Mauro Coletti
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Centro di Studio del Cavallo Sportivo, University of Perugia, Via San Costanzo 4, Perugia, 06126, Italy
| | - Stefano Giovagnoli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via del Liceo 1, Perugia, 06123, Italy
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