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Vidal-Neira LF, Neyro JL, Maldonado G, Messina OD, Moreno-Alvarez M, Ríos C. Climacteric and fibromyalgia: a review. Climacteric 2024:1-8. [PMID: 39037037 DOI: 10.1080/13697137.2024.2376190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Fibromyalgia (FM) and climacteric conditions share common epidemiological and clinical features, with FM symptoms often beginning during menopause. Musculoskeletal pain, arthralgia, myalgia and other symptoms are frequently seen in both conditions. Some research suggests a link between the cessation of sex hormones and FM symptoms. Women with FM tend to experience more severe symptoms after menopause, and the severity of FM symptoms can worsen in women who have had a hysterectomy with or without oophorectomy. Despite these similarities, it is essential to treat FM and climacteric conditions separately and follow established guidelines for management. However, it is also important to recognize that both conditions can coexist in the same patient. It is crucial to note that there is limited evidence supporting the effectiveness of menopausal hormone therapy for primary FM management. Therefore, menopausal hormone therapy should not be recommended for FM unless the patient also has climacteric syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Genessis Maldonado
- Rheumatology Service, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Osvaldo Daniel Messina
- Gynecology Service, Investigaciones Reumatológicas y Osteológicas Medical Center, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mario Moreno-Alvarez
- Rheumatology Service, Universidad de Especialidades Espíritu Santo, Guayaquil, Ecuador
| | - Carlos Ríos
- Rheumatology Service, Centro de Reumatología y Rehabilitación, Guayaquil, Ecuador
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Reuveni I, Dan R, Canetti L, Bick AS, Segman R, Azoulay M, Kalla C, Bonne O, Goelman G. Aberrant Intrinsic Brain Network Functional Connectivity During a Face-Matching Task in Women Diagnosed With Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder. Biol Psychiatry 2023; 94:492-500. [PMID: 37031779 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2023.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) is characterized by affective, cognitive, and physical symptoms, suggesting alterations at the brain network level. Women with PMDD demonstrate aberrant discrimination of facial emotions during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle and altered reactivity to emotional stimuli. However, previous studies assessing emotional task-related brain reactivity using region-of-interest or whole-brain analysis have reported conflicting findings. Therefore, we utilized both region-of-interest task-reactivity and seed-voxel functional connectivity (FC) approaches to test for differences in the default mode network, salience network, and central executive network between women with PMDD and control participants during an emotional-processing task that yields an optimal setup for investigating brain network changes in PMDD. METHODS Twenty-four women with PMDD and 27 control participants were classified according to the Daily Record of Severity of Problems. Participants underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging scans while completing the emotional face-matching task during the midfollicular and late-luteal phases of their menstrual cycle. RESULTS No significant between-group differences in brain reactivity were found using region-of-interest analysis. In the FC analysis, a main effect of diagnosis was found showing decreased default mode network connectivity, increased salience network connectivity, and decreased central executive network connectivity in women with PMDD compared with control participants. A significant interaction between menstrual cycle phase and diagnosis was found in the central executive network for right posterior parietal cortex and left inferior lateral occipital cortex connectivity. A post hoc analysis revealed stronger FC during the midfollicular than the late-luteal phase of PMDD. CONCLUSIONS Aberrant FC in the 3 brain networks involved in PMDD may indicate vulnerability to experience affective and cognitive symptoms of the disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inbal Reuveni
- Department of Psychiatry, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Rotem Dan
- Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel; Department of Neurology, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Laura Canetti
- Department of Psychiatry, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel; Department of Psychology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Atira S Bick
- Department of Neurology, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ronen Segman
- Department of Psychiatry, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Moria Azoulay
- Department of Psychiatry, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel; Department of Psychology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Carmel Kalla
- Department of Psychiatry, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Omer Bonne
- Department of Psychiatry, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel.
| | - Gadi Goelman
- Department of Neurology, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
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Yonkers KA, Altemus M, Gilstad-Hayden K, Kornstein SG, Gueorguieva R. Does Symptom-Onset Treatment With Sertraline Improve Functional Impairment for Individuals With Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder?: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Clin Psychopharmacol 2023; 43:320-325. [PMID: 37212651 PMCID: PMC10313784 DOI: 10.1097/jcp.0000000000001700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE/BACKGROUND Daily treatment with sertraline improves functional impairment among individuals with premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD). We do not know whether treatment initiated at symptom onset also improves functional impairment. METHODS/PROCEDURES This 3-site, double blind, randomized, clinical trial compared sertraline (25-100 mg) to similar appearing placebo, both administered at symptom onset, for reduction of PMDD symptoms. Ninety participants were allocated to sertraline and 94 participants to placebo. Functional outcomes from the Daily Ratings of the Severity of Problems included (1) reduced productivity or efficiency at work, school, home, or daily routine; (2) interference with hobbies or social activities; and (3) interference with relationships. Items were measured from 1 (no interference) to 6 (extreme interference) and averaged for the final 5 luteal phase days. This secondary analysis examined whether improvement in functional domains was greater for those allocated to sertraline compared with placebo. Second, we used causal mediation analyses to explore whether specific PMDD symptoms mediated functional improvement. RESULTS/FINDINGS Only relationship functioning improved significantly with active treatment between baseline and the end of the second cycle (active group mean [SD] change, -1.39 [1.38]; placebo group mean change, -0.76 [1.20]; β = -0.40; SE, 0.15; P = 0.009). The total effect of treatment on interference was -0.37 (95% confidence interval [CI], -0.66 to -0.09; P = 0.011). Given the nonsignificant direct effect (0.11; 95% CI, -0.07 to 0.29; P = 0.24) and significant indirect effect (-0.48; 95% CI, -0.71 to -0.24; P < 0.001), amelioration of anger/irritability likely mediated reductions in relationship interference. IMPLICATIONS/CONCLUSIONS That anger/irritability mediates impairments in relationship functioning has face validity but should be replicated in other data sets. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT00536198 .
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Margaret Altemus
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | | | - Susan G Kornstein
- Department of Psychiatry, Institute for Women's Health, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA
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Stiernman L, Dubol M, Comasco E, Sundström-Poromaa I, Boraxbekk CJ, Johansson M, Bixo M. Emotion-induced brain activation across the menstrual cycle in individuals with premenstrual dysphoric disorder and associations to serum levels of progesterone-derived neurosteroids. Transl Psychiatry 2023; 13:124. [PMID: 37055419 PMCID: PMC10101953 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-023-02424-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) is a debilitating disorder characterized by severe mood symptoms in the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. PMDD symptoms are hypothesized to be linked to an altered sensitivity to normal luteal phase levels of allopregnanolone (ALLO), a GABAA-modulating progesterone metabolite. Moreover, the endogenous 3β-epimer of ALLO, isoallopregnanolone (ISO), has been shown to alleviate PMDD symptoms through its selective and dose-dependent antagonism of the ALLO effect. There is preliminary evidence showing altered recruitment of brain regions during emotion processing in PMDD, but whether this is associated to serum levels of ALLO, ISO or their relative concentration is unknown. In the present study, subjects with PMDD and asymptomatic controls underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in the mid-follicular and the late-luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. Brain responses to emotional stimuli were investigated and related to serum levels of ovarian steroids, the neurosteroids ALLO, ISO, and their ratio ISO/ALLO. Participants with PMDD exhibited greater activity in brain regions which are part of emotion-processing networks during the late-luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. Furthermore, activity in key regions of emotion processing networks - the parahippocampal gyrus and amygdala - was differentially associated to the ratio of ISO/ALLO levels in PMDD subjects and controls. Specifically, a positive relationship between ISO/ALLO levels and brain activity was found in PMDD subjects, while the opposite was observed in controls. In conclusion, individuals with PMDD show altered emotion-induced brain responses in the late-luteal phase of the menstrual cycle which may be related to an abnormal response to physiological levels of GABAA-active neurosteroids.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Manon Dubol
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Erika Comasco
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Carl-Johan Boraxbekk
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Diagnostic Radiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Institute for Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance (DRCMR), Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital - Amager and Hvidovre, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen (ISMC) and Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Maja Johansson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Marie Bixo
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
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Schiller CE, Walsh E, Eisenlohr-Moul TA, Prim J, Dichter GS, Schiff L, Bizzell J, Slightom SL, Richardson EC, Belger A, Schmidt P, Rubinow DR. Effects of gonadal steroids on reward circuitry function and anhedonia in women with a history of postpartum depression. J Affect Disord 2022; 314:176-184. [PMID: 35777494 PMCID: PMC9605402 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.06.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reward system dysfunction is evident across neuropsychiatric conditions. Here we present data from a double-blinded pharmaco-fMRI study investigating the triggering of anhedonia and reward circuit activity in women. METHODS The hormonal states of pregnancy and parturition were simulated in euthymic women with a history of postpartum depression (PPD+; n = 15) and those without such a history (PPD-; n = 15) by inducing hypogonadism, adding back estradiol and progesterone for 8 weeks ("addback"), and then withdrawing both steroids ("withdrawal"). Anhedonia was assessed using the Inventory of Depression and Anxiety Symptoms (IDAS) during each hormone phase. Those who reported a 30 % or greater increase in IDAS anhedonia, dysphoria, or ill temper during addback or withdrawal, compared with pre-treatment, were identified as hormone sensitive (HS+) and all others were identified as non-hormone sensitive (HS-). The monetary incentive delay (MID) task was administered during fMRI sessions at pre-treatment and during hormone withdrawal to assess brain activation during reward anticipation and feedback. RESULTS On average, anhedonia increased during addback and withdrawal in PPD+ but not PPD-. During reward feedback, both HS+ (n = 10) and HS- (n = 18) showed decreased activation in clusters in the right putamen (p < .031, FWE-corrected) and left postcentral and supramarginal gyri (p < .014, FWE-corrected) at the withdrawal scans, relative to pre-treatment scans. LIMITATIONS A modest sample size, stringent exclusion criteria, and relative lack of diversity in study participants limit the generalizability of results. CONCLUSION Although results do not explain differential hormone sensitivity in depression, they demonstrate significant effects of reproductive hormones on reward-related brain function in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- C E Schiller
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, United States of America.
| | - E Walsh
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, United States of America
| | - T A Eisenlohr-Moul
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, United States of America
| | - J Prim
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, United States of America
| | - G S Dichter
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, United States of America
| | - L Schiff
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, United States of America
| | - J Bizzell
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, United States of America
| | - S L Slightom
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, United States of America
| | | | - A Belger
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, United States of America
| | - P Schmidt
- National Institute of Mental Health, Behavioral Endocrinology Branch, United States of America
| | - D R Rubinow
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, United States of America
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Gao M, Sun H, Sun W, Gao D, Qiao M. Traditional Chinese medicine on treating premenstrual syndrome and premenstrual dysphoric disorder: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e22694. [PMID: 33080718 PMCID: PMC7571909 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000022694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) and premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) are common disorders that manifest themselves in the late luteal phase, and significantly interfere with an individual's daily activities. Clinical evidence suggests that traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) may ease PMS/PMDD symptoms. Here, we review a protocol for exploring the effectiveness and safety of TCM in PMS/PMDD management. METHODS We will conduct a literature search for randomized controlled trials (RCT) for TCM use in PMS/PMDD on PubMed, web of science, EMBASE, the Cochrane central register of controlled trials (Cochrane Library), Chinese national knowledge infrastructure, Chinese VIP Information, Wanfang, as well as Chinese biomedical literature database. The search included all relevant reports for up to June 1, 2020. The search results were independently analyzed by 2 reviewers who extracted the data. RCT quality will be assessed using the risk-of-bias tool. The evidence will be inspected using the grading of recommendations assessment development and evaluation (GRADE). We will utilize Stata and Revman for systematic review and meta-analysis and analysis of direct and indirect evidence. RESULTS Based on current evidence, this study will elucidate the rationale for the utilization of TCM in PMS/PMDD treatment. CONCLUSION Conclusions from this study will inform about the effectiveness and safety of TCM in PMS/PMDD management. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42020192822. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Since all data utilized in this systematic review and meta-analysis are published, ethical approval is not needed. Additionally, in the trial of the review process, all data will be evaluated anonymously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhou Gao
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong Province
- Research and Innovation team of Emotional Diseases and Syndromes in Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Hui Sun
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, Hubei Province
| | - Wenjun Sun
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong Province
- Research and Innovation team of Emotional Diseases and Syndromes in Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Dongmei Gao
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong Province
- Research and Innovation team of Emotional Diseases and Syndromes in Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Mingqi Qiao
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong Province
- Research and Innovation team of Emotional Diseases and Syndromes in Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
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Considering the Role of the Menstrual Cycle on Increased Suicidality in Adolescent Females. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s42399-020-00566-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Azoulay M, Reuveni I, Dan R, Goelman G, Segman R, Kalla C, Bonne O, Canetti L. Childhood Trauma and Premenstrual Symptoms: The Role of Emotion Regulation. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2020; 108:104637. [PMID: 32768748 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2020.104637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Women with Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD) are more likely to have a history of childhood trauma, and may experience more severe premenstrual symptomatology. However, the pathway in which childhood trauma affects the prevalence and severity of premenstrual symptoms remains largely unclear. OBJECTIVE To determine whether childhood trauma is associated with increased premenstrual symptoms, and if so, whether emotional dysregulation mediates or moderates this relationship. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTINGS A total of 112 women were recruited for the study among students at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. METHODS Participants completed the Premenstrual Symptoms Screening Tool (PSST), the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) and the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS). To test the mediation hypothesis, direct and indirect effects of childhood trauma on premenstrual symptoms were calculated. To test moderation, we performed multiple regression, including the interaction term between childhood trauma and emotion dysregulation RESULTS: Twenty-two women (18.6%) met criteria for premenstrual syndrome (PMS) and sixteen (13.6 %) for PMDD. The number and severity of premenstrual symptoms increased with more childhood trauma (r = .282), and this relationship was completely mediated by emotion regulation difficulties. Specifically, exposure to Sexual abuse (r = .243) and Emotional neglect (r = .198) were significantly associated with premenstrual symptoms. Abuse predicted greater emotion dysregulation (r = .33), whereas, neglect did not. CONCLUSIONS This study contributes to the current knowledge on the long-term effects of childhood trauma. Promoting use of adaptive emotion regulation strategies for women with a history of childhood trauma, could improve their capability to confront and adapt to premenstrual changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Azoulay
- Department of Psychology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - I Reuveni
- Department of Psychiatry, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - R Dan
- Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences (ELSC), The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel; Department of Neurology, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - G Goelman
- Department of Neurology, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - R Segman
- Department of Psychiatry, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - C Kalla
- Department of Psychiatry, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - O Bonne
- Department of Psychiatry, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - L Canetti
- Department of Psychology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel; Department of Psychiatry, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel.
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Takeda T, Yoshimi K, Yamada K. Psychometric Testing of the Premenstrual Symptoms Questionnaire and the Association Between Perceived Injustice and Premenstrual Symptoms: A Cross-Sectional Study Among Japanese High School Students. Int J Womens Health 2020; 12:755-763. [PMID: 33061664 PMCID: PMC7524195 DOI: 10.2147/ijwh.s269392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Premenstrual symptoms comprise a wide range of mood, behavioral, and physical symptoms occurring during the luteal phase. Perceived injustice is a belief linked to unfairness (ie, unnecessary suffering caused by illness). This study aimed to assess the validity and reliability of the Premenstrual Symptoms Questionnaire (PSQ), a patient-reported outcome measurement tool, and to examine the association between perceived injustice/perception of menstruation and premenstrual symptoms, as measured by the PSQ. Materials and Methods Of 1388 female students, we analyzed 879 students with regular menstrual cycles who completed the PSQ, the premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) scale, the Somatic Symptom Scale-8 (SSS-8), and the Injustice Experience Questionnaire-chronic (IEQ-chr). First, the PSQ was examined for evidence of reliability and validity. Next, we used multiple regression and multivariate logistic regression to investigate the association between perceived injustice and premenstrual symptoms, using PSQ score as both a continuous variable and a dichotomous variable (premenstrual disorders or not). Moreover, the association between PSQ score and perceived menstruation was tested using student's t-test and analysis of variance. Results In terms of reliability, Cronbach's α for PSQ score was 0.93. To assess structural validity, we used confirmatory factor analysis, which showed that the one-factor model and the two-factor model were a good fit. The PSQ showed good agreement with the PMDD scale. In terms of concurrent validity, PSQ total score correlated strongly with PMDD scale score, SSS-8 score, and IEQ-chr score (r = 0.88, 0.69, 0.57, respectively). IEQ-chr score predicted PSQ score (standardized regression coefficient = 0.53; P < 0.0001) and higher prevalence of premenstrual disorders (odds ratio: 1.15; 95% confidence interval: 1.12-1.19). Negative perception of menstruation was associated with premenstrual symptoms. Conclusion The PSQ showed sound psychometric properties among the adolescents in our sample. Perceived injustice and negative perception of menstruation were associated with premenstrual symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Takeda
- Division of Women's Health, Research Institute of Traditional Asian Medicine, Kindai University, Osaka 589-8511, Japan
| | - Kana Yoshimi
- Division of Women's Health, Research Institute of Traditional Asian Medicine, Kindai University, Osaka 589-8511, Japan
| | - Keiko Yamada
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1G1, Canada.,Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Management, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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