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Howard SA, Benhabbour SR. Non-Hormonal Contraception. J Clin Med 2023; 12:4791. [PMID: 37510905 PMCID: PMC10381146 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12144791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
While hormonal contraceptives are efficacious and available in several forms for women, perception of safety and concern over side effects are a deterrent for many. Existing non-hormonal contraceptives include permanent sterilization, copper intrauterine devices (IUDs), chemical/physical barriers such as spermicides and condoms, as well as traditional family planning methods including withdrawal and the rhythm method. Individuals who wish to retain their fertility in the future can achieve highest adherence and efficacy with long-acting, reversible contraceptives (LARCs), though there is only one, the copper IUD, that is non-hormonal. As rates of unintended pregnancies remain high with existing contraceptive options, it is becoming increasingly attractive to develop novel pregnancy prevention methods for both women and men. Non-hormonal contraceptives can target a variety of critical reproductive processes discussed here. This review focuses on identified non-hormonal contraceptive targets and subsequent drug candidates in development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Anne Howard
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Soumya Rahima Benhabbour
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University and The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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2
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Dong J, Pei K, Xu W, Gong M, Zhu W, Liu S, Tang M, Liu J, Xia X, Bu X, Nie L. Zona pellucida family genes in Chinese pond turtle: identification, expression profiles, and role in the spermatozoa acrosome reaction†. Biol Reprod 2023; 109:97-106. [PMID: 37140246 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioad049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The zona pellucida (ZP) is an extracellular matrix that surrounds all vertebrate eggs, and it is involved in fertilization and species-specific recognition. Numerous in-depth studies of the ZP proteins of mammals, birds, amphibians, and fishes have been conducted, but systematic investigation of the ZP family genes and their role during fertilization in reptiles has not been reported to date. In this study, we identified six turtle ZP (Tu-ZP) gene subfamilies (Tu-ZP1, Tu-ZP2, Tu-ZP3, Tu-ZP4, Tu-ZPD, and Tu-ZPAX) based on whole genome sequence data from Mauremys reevesii. We found that Tu-ZP4 had large segmental duplication and was distributed on three chromosomes, and we also detected gene duplication in the other Tu-ZP genes. To evaluate the role of Tu-ZP proteins in sperm-egg binding, we assessed the expression pattern of these Tu-ZP proteins and their ability to induce the spermatozoa acrosome reaction in M. reevesii. In conclusion, this is the first report of the existence of gene duplication of Tu-ZP genes and that Tu-ZP2, Tu-ZP3, and Tu-ZPD can induce acrosome exocytosis of spermatogenesis in the reptile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinxiu Dong
- Provincial Key Lab of the Conservation and Exploitation Research of Biological Resources in Anhui, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Kejiao Pei
- Provincial Key Lab of the Conservation and Exploitation Research of Biological Resources in Anhui, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Wannan Xu
- Provincial Key Lab of the Conservation and Exploitation Research of Biological Resources in Anhui, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Mengmeng Gong
- Provincial Key Lab of the Conservation and Exploitation Research of Biological Resources in Anhui, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Wenrui Zhu
- Provincial Key Lab of the Conservation and Exploitation Research of Biological Resources in Anhui, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Siqi Liu
- Provincial Key Lab of the Conservation and Exploitation Research of Biological Resources in Anhui, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Min Tang
- Provincial Key Lab of the Conservation and Exploitation Research of Biological Resources in Anhui, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Jianjun Liu
- Provincial Key Lab of the Conservation and Exploitation Research of Biological Resources in Anhui, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Xingquan Xia
- Provincial Key Lab of the Conservation and Exploitation Research of Biological Resources in Anhui, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Xinjiang Bu
- Provincial Key Lab of the Conservation and Exploitation Research of Biological Resources in Anhui, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Liuwang Nie
- Provincial Key Lab of the Conservation and Exploitation Research of Biological Resources in Anhui, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui, China
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De K, Pal D, Shanks CM, Yates TB, Feng K, Jawdy SS, Hassan MM, Prabhakar PK, Yang JY, Chapla D, Moremen KW, Urbanowicz B, Binder BM, Muchero W. The Plasminogen-Apple-Nematode (PAN) domain suppresses JA/ET defense pathways in plants. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.06.15.545202. [PMID: 37398012 PMCID: PMC10312691 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.15.545202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Suppression of immune response is a phenomenon that enables biological processes such as gamete fertilization, cell growth, cell proliferation, endophyte recruitment, parasitism, and pathogenesis. Here, we show for the first time that the Plasminogen-Apple-Nematode (PAN) domain present in G-type lectin receptor-like kinases is essential for immunosuppression in plants. Defense pathways involving jasmonic acid and ethylene are critical for plant immunity against microbes, necrotrophic pathogens, parasites, and insects. Using two Salix purpurea G-type lectin receptor kinases, we demonstrated that intact PAN domains suppress jasmonic acid and ethylene signaling in Arabidopsis and tobacco. Variants of the same receptors with mutated residues in this domain could trigger induction of both defense pathways. Assessment of signaling processes revealed significant differences between receptors with intact and mutated PAN domain in MAPK phosphorylation, global transcriptional reprogramming, induction of downstream signaling components, hormone biosynthesis and resistance to Botrytis cinerea . Further, we demonstrated that the domain is required for oligomerization, ubiquitination, and proteolytic degradation of these receptors. These processes were completely disrupted when conserved residues in the domain were mutated. Additionally, we have tested the hypothesis in recently characterized Arabidopsis mutant which has predicted PAN domain and negatively regulates plant immunity against root nematodes. ern1.1 mutant complemented with mutated PAN shows triggered immune response with elevated WRKY33 expression, hyperphosphorylation of MAPK and resistant to necrotrophic fungus Botrytis cinerea . Collectively, our results suggest that ubiquitination and proteolytic degradation mediated by the PAN domain plays a role in receptor turn-over to suppress jasmonic acid and ethylene defense signaling in plants.
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4
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Pujalte M, Camo M, Celton N, Attencourt C, Lefranc E, Jedraszak G, Scheffler F. A ZP1 gene mutation in a patient with empty follicle syndrome: A case report and literature review. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2023; 280:193-197. [PMID: 36529558 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2022.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Genuine empty follicle syndrome (gEFS) is a rare cause of female infertility; it is defined as the presence of cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) in follicular fluid but the absence of oocytes after denudation in an in vitro fertilization (IVF) programme. Mutations in one of the four genes encoding zona pellucida (ZP) proteins have been implicated in gEFS. The objectives of the present study were to explore the molecular basis of idiopathic infertility in a 35-year-old woman with gEFS (observed after four ovarian retrievals), compare her phenotype and genotype with those of other patients described in the literature, and discuss therapeutic approaches that could be adopted by reproductive health centres in this situation. Sequencing of the ZP genes revealed a new homozygous missense variant in ZP1: c.1097G > A;p.(Arg366Gln). The variant is located in the ZP-N domain, which is essential for ZP protein polymerization. An immunohistochemical assessment of an ovarian biopsy confirmed the absence of ZP1 protein. The novel variant appears to prevent ZP assembly, which would explain the absence of normal oocytes after denudation in our patient (and despite the retrieval of COCs). ZP gene sequencing should be considered for patients with a phenotype suggestive of gEFS. An etiological genetic diagnosis enables appropriate genetic counselling and a switch to an IVF programme (with a suitable denudation technique) or an oocyte donation programme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde Pujalte
- Department of Constitutional Genetics, Amiens University Hospital, Amiens, France
| | - Maïté Camo
- Reproductive Medicine and Biology Department, CECOS of Picardy, Amiens University Hospital, Amiens, France
| | - Noémie Celton
- Department of Constitutional Genetics, Amiens University Hospital, Amiens, France
| | - Christophe Attencourt
- Department of Anatomy and Pathological Cytology, Amiens University Hospital, Amiens, France
| | - Elodie Lefranc
- Reproductive Medicine and Biology Department, CECOS of Picardy, Amiens University Hospital, Amiens, France
| | - Guillaume Jedraszak
- Department of Constitutional Genetics, Amiens University Hospital, Amiens, France; EMATIM UR4666, CURS, Jules Verne University of Picardy, Amiens, France
| | - Florence Scheffler
- Reproductive Medicine and Biology Department, CECOS of Picardy, Amiens University Hospital, Amiens, France; Peritox UMR_I 01, CURS, Jules Verne University of Picardy, Amiens, France.
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Sitnikov DS, Ilina IV, Filatov MA, Silaeva YY. Assessment of the zona pellucida microdissection on its thickness in mammalian embryos. BULLETIN OF RUSSIAN STATE MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2023. [DOI: 10.24075/brsmu.2023.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The zona pellucida (ZP) is a dynamically changing object that plays an important role during the preimplantation stage of embryogenesis. The ZP thickness may affect the implantation success and pregnancy rate, it is considered as a prognostic factor in a number of studies. The study was aimed to assess the dynamic changes in the mouse embryonic ZP thickness after laser assisted hatching (LAH) that involved breaching the ZP integrity at the blastocyst stage. Femtosecond laser pulses were used to perform the zona microsurgery. The zona thickness was measured both at the stage of blastocyst microsurgery (~Е3.5, i.e. 3.5 days of embryogenesis) and at the hatching stage (~Е5). Significant differences in the ZP thickness were revealed in the control group of embryos: from 6.21 µm (Е3.5) to 5.4 µm (Е5). The changes in thickness from 6.6 µm (Е3.5) to 6.2 µm (Е5) observed in the group subjected to LAH were non-significant. Tracing the ZP thickness of a particular embryo from the blastocyst stage to the hatching stage made it possible to estimate the thinning coefficients in the experimental and control groups. The findings that indicate lower tensile strength of the zona in case of LAH can provide the basis for further research on the ZP properties in case of using the embryo cryopreservation protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- DS Sitnikov
- Joint Institute for High Temperatures, Moscow, Russia
| | - IV Ilina
- Joint Institute for High Temperatures, Moscow, Russia
| | - MA Filatov
- Institute of Gene Biology, Moscow, Russia
| | - YY Silaeva
- Institute of Gene Biology, Moscow, Russia
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Into the Tissues: Extracellular Matrix and Its Artificial Substitutes: Cell Signalling Mechanisms. Cells 2022; 11:cells11050914. [PMID: 35269536 PMCID: PMC8909573 DOI: 10.3390/cells11050914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The existence of orderly structures, such as tissues and organs is made possible by cell adhesion, i.e., the process by which cells attach to neighbouring cells and a supporting substance in the form of the extracellular matrix. The extracellular matrix is a three-dimensional structure composed of collagens, elastin, and various proteoglycans and glycoproteins. It is a storehouse for multiple signalling factors. Cells are informed of their correct connection to the matrix via receptors. Tissue disruption often prevents the natural reconstitution of the matrix. The use of appropriate implants is then required. This review is a compilation of crucial information on the structural and functional features of the extracellular matrix and the complex mechanisms of cell–cell connectivity. The possibilities of regenerating damaged tissues using an artificial matrix substitute are described, detailing the host response to the implant. An important issue is the surface properties of such an implant and the possibilities of their modification.
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Effect of Mare Age on Transcript Abundance of Connexins-37 and -43, Zona Pellucida Proteins, and Sperm Binding. J Equine Vet Sci 2021; 108:103796. [PMID: 34818616 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2021.103796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Zona pellucida (ZP) proteins are important for fertilization and sperm binding and are closely associated with cumulus cells. Communication between cumulus and oocytes is facilitated by intracellular membrane channels composed of connexins. The extent aging impacts potential differences in fertilization and reductions in fertility is not well understood. This study characterized age-related differences in transcript abundance of ZP proteins and connexins in cells from ovarian follicles. Additionally, differences in sperm binding to oocytes from old and young mares was evaluated. For experiment 1, oocytes, corona radiata, cumulus, and granulosa cells were collected from mares classified as young (4-12 years) or old (> 20 years). Transcript abundance was evaluated for connexins -37 (GJA4) and -43 (GJA1); zona pellucida glycoproteins 1, 2, 3, and 4 (ZP1, ZP2, ZP3, ZP4); Tubulin (TUBA1A), and equine chorionic gonadotropin β. For experiment 2, oocytes that failed to cleave following intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) were stored in salt solution for up to 4 years and used for sperm binding assays. Transcript abundance for GJA1 was decreased in oocytes, corona radiata, and granulosa cells while GJA4 was decreased in cumulus cells from old compared to young mares. Additionally, ZP1 tended to be decreased in corona radiata and cumulus cells from old mares. Oocytes from old mares tended to bind less spermatozoa compared young mares. Oocytes that failed to cleave following ICSI can be used for sperm binding studies for up to 2 years without losses in sperm binding. Our findings suggest that maternal age may contribute to changes in cellular communication and the ZP that could impact sperm binding.
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Siristatidis C, Tzanakaki D, Simopoulou M, Vaitsopoulou C, Tsioulou P, Stavros S, Papapanou M, Drakakis P, Bakas P, Vlahos N. Empty Zona Pellucida Only Case: A Critical Review of the Literature. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18179409. [PMID: 34501995 PMCID: PMC8430770 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18179409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Revised: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The presence of empty zona pellucida (EZP) in oocytes following oocyte retrieval (OR) during an in vitro fertilization (IVF) cycle presents a major clinical and laboratory challenge in assisted reproduction. It has been attributed to several factors such as the ovarian stimulation protocol employed, the damaging of the follicles during oocyte retrieval (OR) mainly through the high aspiration pressure, during the denudation technique, and the degeneration of oolemma within the zona pellucida (ZP) through apoptosis. The role of ZP is pivotal from the early stages of follicular development up to the preimplantation embryo development and embryo hatching. Polymorphisms or alterations on the genes that encode ZP proteins may contribute to EZP. We present a critical review of the published literature hitherto on EZP and available options when encountered with the phenomenon of EZP. Concerning the former, we found that there is rare data on this phenomenon that merits documentation. The latter includes technical, genetic, and pathophysiological perspectives, along with specific treatment options. In conclusion, we identify the lack of a definitive management proposal for couples presenting with this phenomenon, we underline the need for an algorithm, and indicate the questions raised that point towards our goal for a strategy when addressing a previous finding of EZP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charalampos Siristatidis
- Assisted Reproduction Unit, Second Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aretaieion Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece; (D.T.); (M.S.); (C.V.); (P.T.); (P.B.); (N.V.)
- Second Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aretaieion Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece;
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +0030-6932294994
| | - Despoina Tzanakaki
- Assisted Reproduction Unit, Second Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aretaieion Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece; (D.T.); (M.S.); (C.V.); (P.T.); (P.B.); (N.V.)
| | - Mara Simopoulou
- Assisted Reproduction Unit, Second Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aretaieion Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece; (D.T.); (M.S.); (C.V.); (P.T.); (P.B.); (N.V.)
| | - Christina Vaitsopoulou
- Assisted Reproduction Unit, Second Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aretaieion Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece; (D.T.); (M.S.); (C.V.); (P.T.); (P.B.); (N.V.)
| | - Petroula Tsioulou
- Assisted Reproduction Unit, Second Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aretaieion Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece; (D.T.); (M.S.); (C.V.); (P.T.); (P.B.); (N.V.)
| | - Sofoklis Stavros
- Molecular Biology of Reproduction Unit and Recurrent Abortions Unit, Assisted Reproduction Unit, First Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Alexandra Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece; (S.S.); (P.D.)
| | - Michail Papapanou
- Second Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aretaieion Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece;
| | - Peter Drakakis
- Molecular Biology of Reproduction Unit and Recurrent Abortions Unit, Assisted Reproduction Unit, First Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Alexandra Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece; (S.S.); (P.D.)
| | - Panagiotis Bakas
- Assisted Reproduction Unit, Second Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aretaieion Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece; (D.T.); (M.S.); (C.V.); (P.T.); (P.B.); (N.V.)
- Second Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aretaieion Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece;
| | - Nikolaos Vlahos
- Assisted Reproduction Unit, Second Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aretaieion Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece; (D.T.); (M.S.); (C.V.); (P.T.); (P.B.); (N.V.)
- Second Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aretaieion Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece;
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Kraus D, Glassmann A, Golletz C, Kristiansen G, Winter J, Probstmeier R. Zona Pellucida Protein 2 (ZP2) Is Expressed in Colon Cancer and Promotes Cell Proliferation. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13081759. [PMID: 33917056 PMCID: PMC8067760 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13081759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Our study shows ZP2 to be a new biomarker for diagnosis, best used in combination with other low abundant genes in colon cancer. Furthermore, ZP2 promotes cell proliferation via the ERK1/2-cyclinD1-signaling pathway. We demonstrate that ZP2 mRNA is expressed in a low-abundant manner with high specificity in subsets of cancer cell lines representing different cancer subtypes and also in a significant proportion of primary colon cancers. The potential benefit of ZP2 as a biomarker is discussed. In the second part of our study, the function of ZP2 in cancerogenesis has been analyzed. Since ZP2 shows an enhanced transcript level in colon cancer cells, siRNA experiments have been performed to verify the potential role of ZP2 in cell proliferation. Based on these data, ZP2 might serve as a new target molecule for cancer diagnosis and treatment in respective cancer types such as colon cancer. Abstract Background: Zona pellucida protein ZP2 has been identified as a new colon tumor biomarker. Its transcripts were specifically expressed in four out of four human colon cancer cell lines and enhanced in about 60% of primary colon cancer tissues when compared to matched healthy ones. ZP2 down-regulation by siRNA led to a decreased proliferation rate, EXOSC5 transcript, cyclin D1 protein level, and ERK1/2 phosphorylation state. Methods: Sensitivity and quantitative expression analysis of ZP2 transcripts in tumor and matched normal colon tissue was performed with respective cDNA preparations. Silencing RNA effects on colon cancer cells were examined by q-PCR, western blot, and proliferation rate experiments. Results: In a significant portion of 69 primary colon tumor samples, the molecule showed a low but specific expression, which revealed a sensitivity value of around 90% and a specificity value of 30% when matched to the respective normal counterparts. Down-regulation of ZP2 protein by siRNA led to a decreased proliferation rate, EXOSC5 and cyclin D1 level, and phosphorylation state of ERK1/2. ZP2 has also been found to be a cell membrane-bound protein. Conclusion: ZP2 shows an enhanced expression level in colon cancer tissue and, thus, can be used as a diagnostic tool, albeit in combination with other biomarkers. Its character as a membrane protein makes ZP2 even a potential target molecule for tumor therapy, especially as it positively affects colon cancer cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Kraus
- Department of Prosthodontics, Preclinical Education and Material Sciences, University of Bonn, Welschnonnenstr 17, 53111 Bonn, Germany;
| | | | - Carsten Golletz
- Institute of Pathology, Venusberg-Campus 1, University Hospital of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany; (C.G.); (G.K.)
| | - Glen Kristiansen
- Institute of Pathology, Venusberg-Campus 1, University Hospital of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany; (C.G.); (G.K.)
| | - Jochen Winter
- Oral Cell Biology Group, Department of Periodontology, Operative and Preventive Dentistry, University of Bonn, Welschnonnenstr. 17, 53111 Bonn, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-228-287-22011
| | - Rainer Probstmeier
- Neuro- and Tumor Cell Biology Group, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Venusberg-Campus 1, University Hospital of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany;
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10
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Lacey L, Hassan S, Franik S, Seif MW, Akhtar MA. Assisted hatching on assisted conception (in vitro fertilisation (IVF) and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI)). Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2021; 3:CD001894. [PMID: 33730422 PMCID: PMC8094760 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd001894.pub6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Failure of implantation and conception may result from inability of the blastocyst to escape from its outer coat, which is known as the zona pellucida. Artificial disruption of this coat is known as assisted hatching and has been proposed as a method for improving the success of assisted conception by facilitating embryo implantation. OBJECTIVES To determine effects of assisted hatching (AH) of embryos derived from assisted conception on live birth and multiple pregnancy rates. SEARCH METHODS: We searched the Cochrane Gynaecology and Fertility Group Specialised Register (until May 2020), the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL; until May 2020), in the Cochrane Library; MEDLINE (1966 to May 2020); and Embase (1980 to May 2020). We also searched trial registers for ongoing and registered trials (http://www.clinicaltrials.gov - a service of the US National Institutes of Health; http://www.who.int/trialsearch/Default.aspx - The World Health Organization International Trials Registry Platform search portal) (May 2020). SELECTION CRITERIA Two review authors identified and independently screened trials. We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of AH (mechanical, chemical, or laser disruption of the zona pellucida before embryo replacement) versus no AH that reported live birth or clinical pregnancy data. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS We used standard methodological procedures recommended by Cochrane. Two review authors independently performed quality assessments and data extraction. MAIN RESULTS We included 39 RCTs (7249 women). All reported clinical pregnancy data, including 2486 clinical pregnancies. Only 14 studies reported live birth data, with 834 live birth events. The quality of evidence ranged from very low to low. The main limitations were serious risk of bias associated with poor reporting of study methods, inconsistency, imprecision, and publication bias. Five trials are currently ongoing. We are uncertain whether assisted hatching improved live birth rates compared to no assisted hatching (odds ratio (OR) 1.09, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.92 to 1.29; 14 RCTs, N = 2849; I² = 20%; low-quality evidence). This analysis suggests that if the live birth rate in women not using assisted hatching is about 28%, the rate in those using assisted hatching will be between 27% and 34%. Analysis of multiple pregnancy rates per woman showed that in women who were randomised to AH compared with women randomised to no AH, there may have been a slight increase in multiple pregnancy rates (OR 1.38, 95% CI 1.13 to 1.68; 18 RCTs, N = 4308; I² = 48%; low-quality evidence). This suggests that if the multiple pregnancy rate in women not using assisted hatching is about 9%, the rate in those using assisted hatching will be between 10% and 14%. When all of the included studies (39) are pooled, the clinical pregnancy rate in women who underwent AH may improve slightly in comparison to no AH (OR 1.20, 95% CI 1.09 to 1.33; 39 RCTs, N = 7249; I² = 55%; low-quality evidence). However, when a random-effects model is used due to high heterogeneity, there may be little to no difference in clinical pregnancy rate (P = 0.04). All 14 RCTs that reported live birth rates also reported clinical pregnancy rates, and analysis of these studies illustrates that AH may make little to no difference in clinical pregnancy rates when compared to no AH (OR 1.07, 95% CI 0.92 to 1.25; 14 RCTs, N = 2848; I² = 45%). We are uncertain about whether AH affects miscarriage rates due to the quality of the evidence (OR 1.13, 95% CI 0.82 to 1.56; 17 RCTs, N = 2810; I² = 0%; very low-quality evidence). AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS This update suggests that we are uncertain of the effects of assisted hatching (AH) on live birth rates. AH may lead to increased risk of multiple pregnancy. The risks of complications associated with multiple pregnancy may be increased without evidence to demonstrate an increase in live birth rate, warranting careful consideration of the routine use of AH for couples undergoing in vitro fertilisation (IVF) or intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). AH may offer a slightly increased chance of achieving a clinical pregnancy, but data quality was of low grade. We are uncertain about whether AH influences miscarriage rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Lacey
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Sibte Hassan
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Sebastian Franik
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Mourad W Seif
- Department of Gynaecology, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester, UK
| | - M Ahsan Akhtar
- Reproductive Medicine, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester, UK
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11
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Gómez-Torres MJ, Robles-Gómez L, Huerta-Retamal N, Sáez-Espinosa P, Avilés M, Aizpurua J, Romero A. FE-SEM Characterization of α-Mannose Density and Surface Mapping Changes in Human Sperm Head During In Vitro Capacitation. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2020; 26:1220-1225. [PMID: 33121558 DOI: 10.1017/s1431927620024630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Sperm capacitation includes the reorganization of plasma membrane components and the outstanding modification of the glycocalyx. The α-mannose presence and location during in vitro capacitation have been commonly described in human spermatozoa using Concanavalin A (Con A) lectin. However, it is still unclear to date how in vitro capacitation time affects the α-mannose residues and their topographic spatial distribution on sperm membrane. Here, we characterized the α-mannose density and specific membrane domain locations before and after in vitro capacitation (1–4 h) using high-resolution field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). Results showed that α-mannose residues were present preferably on the acrosome domains for all physiological conditions. Uncapacitated sperm comparatively exhibits significant highest labeling densities of α-mannose residues. In addition, as in vitro capacitation takes place, significant and progressive decreasing of sugar residues was combined with their relocation mostly affecting acrosomal domain apical areas. Our findings reveal that combined approach using FE-SEM and gold nanoparticle topographical mapping offers new human sperm biomolecular and structural details during capacitation events.
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Affiliation(s)
- María José Gómez-Torres
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Alicante, Ap. C. 99, Alicante03080, Spain
- Cátedra Human Fertility, Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Laura Robles-Gómez
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Alicante, Ap. C. 99, Alicante03080, Spain
| | - Natalia Huerta-Retamal
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Alicante, Ap. C. 99, Alicante03080, Spain
| | - Paula Sáez-Espinosa
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Alicante, Ap. C. 99, Alicante03080, Spain
| | - Manuel Avilés
- Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Murcia e IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
| | - Jon Aizpurua
- IVF Spain, Reproductive Medicine, Alicante, Spain
| | - Alejandro Romero
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Alicante, Ap. C. 99, Alicante03080, Spain
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12
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Zhang D, Zhu L, Liu Z, Ren X, Yang X, Li D, Luo Y, Peng X, Zhou X, Jia W, Hou M, Li Z, Jin L, Zhang X. A novel mutation in ZP3 causes empty follicle syndrome and abnormal zona pellucida formation. J Assist Reprod Genet 2020; 38:251-259. [PMID: 33140178 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-020-01995-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To identify disease-causing genes involved in female infertility. METHODS Whole-exome sequencing and Sanger DNA sequencing were used to identify the mutations in disease-causing genes. We performed subcellular protein localization, western immunoblotting analysis, and co-immunoprecipitation analysis to evaluate the effects of the mutation. RESULTS We investigated 17 families with female infertility. Whole-exome and Sanger DNA sequencing were used to characterize the disease gene in the patients, and we identified a novel heterozygous mutation (p.Ser173Cys, c.518C > G) in the ZP3 gene in a patient with empty follicle syndrome. When we performed co-immunoprecipitation analysis, we found that the S173C mutation affected interactions between ZP3 and ZP2. CONCLUSIONS We identified a novel mutation in the ZP3 gene in a Chinese family with female infertility. Our findings thus expand the mutational and phenotypical spectrum of the ZP3 gene, and they will be helpful in precisely diagnosing this aspect of female infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dazhi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Center for Human Genome Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Lixia Zhu
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zhenxing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Center for Human Genome Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Xinling Ren
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xue Yang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Center for Human Genome Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Dan Li
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yalin Luo
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Center for Human Genome Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Xuejie Peng
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Center for Human Genome Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Xiaopei Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Center for Human Genome Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Weimin Jia
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Center for Human Genome Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Meiqi Hou
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Center for Human Genome Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Zhou Li
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
| | - Lei Jin
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xianqin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Center for Human Genome Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China.
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13
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Pan C, Zhang H. Embryological Characteristics and Clinical Outcomes of Oocytes with Heterogeneous Zona Pellucida During Assisted Reproduction Treatment: A Retrospective Study. Med Sci Monit 2020; 26:e924316. [PMID: 33090975 PMCID: PMC7590521 DOI: 10.12659/msm.924316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The condition of the zona pellucida can be used to predict human oocyte quality. This study investigated the embryological characteristics and clinical outcomes of oocytes with heterogeneous zona pellucida (HZP) during in vitro fertilization (IVF) and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). Material/Methods This was a retrospective study of IVF and ICSI cycles undertaken at The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University between June 2006 and March 2016. Cycles involving oocytes with HZP (HZP group) were compared with those involving non-HZP oocytes retrieved on the same day (non-HZP group). Embryological characteristics and clinical outcomes were compared. Results There were 29 IVF and 46 ICSI cycles in the HZP group, and 521 IVF and 206 ICSI cycles in the non-HZP group. In ICSI cycles, the rates of MII oocyte and high-quality embryo were lower in the HZP group (p<0.05 vs. non-HZP). In IVF cycles, the MII oocyte (p<0.001), normal fertilization (p<0.001), and cleavage (p<0.001) rates were lower, while the abandoned transfer rate (p<0.001) was higher in the HZP group compared with the non-HZP group. The positive human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG), implantation, pregnancy, and miscarriage rates were similar between groups. Multivariate analysis revealed that the woman’s age (OR=0.916 95% CI 0.873–0.962; p<0.001) and the number of D3 high-quality embryos (OR=1.120 95% CI 1.004–1.249; p=0.043) were associated with pregnancy in IVF cycles, but no significant factors were found in ICSI cycles. Conclusions ICSI may help increase the number of viable embryos in cycles with oocytes showing HZP. However, both IVF and ICSI cycles can achieve pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengshuang Pan
- Reproductive Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - Huan Zhang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
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14
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Balbach M, Hamzeh H, Jikeli JF, Brenker C, Schiffer C, Hansen JN, Neugebauer P, Trötschel C, Jovine L, Han L, Florman HM, Kaupp UB, Strünker T, Wachten D. Molecular Mechanism Underlying the Action of Zona-pellucida Glycoproteins on Mouse Sperm. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:572735. [PMID: 32984353 PMCID: PMC7487327 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.572735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Mammalian oocytes are enveloped by the zona pellucida (ZP), an extracellular matrix of glycoproteins. In sperm, stimulation with ZP proteins evokes a rapid Ca2+ influx via the sperm-specific, pH-sensitive Ca2+ channel CatSper. However, the physiological role and molecular mechanisms underlying ZP-dependent activation of CatSper are unknown. Here, we delineate the sequence of ZP-signaling events in mouse sperm. We show that ZP proteins evoke a rapid intracellular pHi increase that rests predominantly on Na+/H+ exchange by NHA1 and requires cAMP synthesis by the soluble adenylyl cyclase sAC as well as a sufficiently negative membrane potential set by the spem-specific K+ channel Slo3. The alkaline-activated CatSper channel translates the ZP-induced pHi increase into a Ca2+ response. Our findings reveal the molecular components underlying ZP action on mouse sperm, opening up new avenues for understanding the basic principles of sperm function and, thereby, mammalian fertilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Balbach
- Center of Advanced European Studies and Research, Department of Molecular Sensory Systems, Bonn, Germany
| | - Hussein Hamzeh
- Center of Advanced European Studies and Research, Department of Molecular Sensory Systems, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jan F Jikeli
- Institute of Innate Immunity, Department of Biophysical Imaging, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Christoph Brenker
- Center of Reproductive Medicine and Andrology, University Hospital Münster, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Christian Schiffer
- Center of Reproductive Medicine and Andrology, University Hospital Münster, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Jan N Hansen
- Institute of Innate Immunity, Department of Biophysical Imaging, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Pia Neugebauer
- Institute of Innate Immunity, Department of Biophysical Imaging, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Luca Jovine
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Ling Han
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Harvey M Florman
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Massachusetts Medical School Worcester, Worcester, MA, United States
| | - U Benjamin Kaupp
- Center of Advanced European Studies and Research, Department of Molecular Sensory Systems, Bonn, Germany.,Life and Medical Sciences Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Timo Strünker
- Center of Reproductive Medicine and Andrology, University Hospital Münster, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Dagmar Wachten
- Institute of Innate Immunity, Department of Biophysical Imaging, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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15
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Cao Q, Zhao C, Zhang X, Zhang H, Lu Q, Wang C, Hu Y, Ling X, Zhang J, Huo R. Heterozygous mutations in ZP1 and ZP3 cause formation disorder of ZP and female infertility in human. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:8557-8566. [PMID: 32573113 PMCID: PMC7412702 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The human zona pellucida (ZP) is a highly organized glycoprotein matrix that encircles oocytes and plays an essential role in successful reproduction. Previous studies have reported that mutations in human ZP1, ZP2 and ZP3 influence their functions and result in a lack of ZP or in an abnormal oocytes and empty follicle syndrome, which leads to female infertility. Here, we performed whole‐exome sequencing in two probands with primary infertility whose oocytes lacked a ZP, and we identified a heterozygous mutation in ZP1 (NM_207341:c.326G>A p.Arg109His), which is situated in the N‐terminus, and a heterozygous mutation in ZP3 (NM_001110354:c.400G>A p.Ala134Thr), which is situated in the ZP domain. The effects of the mutations were investigated through structure prediction and in vitro studies in HeLa cells. The results, which were in line with the phenotype, suggested that these mutations might impede the function of cross‐linking and secretion of ZP proteins. Our study showed that the two mutations in ZP1 and ZP3 influenced the formation of the ZP, causing female infertility. Meanwhile, these data highlight the importance of the ZP1 N‐terminus in addition to the conserved domains for ZP1 function and ZP formation. Additionally, the patient with the ZP1 mutation delivered a baby following intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI); thus, we suggest the targeted genetic diagnosis of ZP genes to choose appropriate fertilization methods and improve the success rate of assisted reproductive technology (ART) treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiqi Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chun Zhao
- Department of Reproduction, The Affiliated Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaolan Zhang
- Department of Reproduction, The Affiliated Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Heng Zhang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Qianneng Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Congjing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yue Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiufeng Ling
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Reproduction, The Affiliated Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Junqiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Reproduction, The Affiliated Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Ran Huo
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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16
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Estienne A, Brossaud A, Reverchon M, Ramé C, Froment P, Dupont J. Adipokines Expression and Effects in Oocyte Maturation, Fertilization and Early Embryo Development: Lessons from Mammals and Birds. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E3581. [PMID: 32438614 PMCID: PMC7279299 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Some evidence shows that body mass index in humans and extreme weights in animal models, including avian species, are associated with low in vitro fertilization, bad oocyte quality, and embryo development failures. Adipokines are hormones mainly produced and released by white adipose tissue. They play a key role in the regulation of energy metabolism. However, they are also involved in many other physiological processes including reproductive functions. Indeed, leptin and adiponectin, the most studied adipokines, but also novel adipokines including visfatin and chemerin, are expressed within the reproductive tract and modulate female fertility. Much of the literature has focused on the physiological and pathological roles of these adipokines in ovary, placenta, and uterine functions. The purpose of this review is to summarize the current knowledge regarding the involvement of leptin, adiponectin, visfatin, and chemerin in the oocyte maturation, fertilization, and embryo development in both mammals and birds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Estienne
- INRAE UMR 85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380 Nouzilly, France; (A.E.); (A.B.); (C.R.); (P.F.)
- CNRS UMR 7247 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380 Nouzilly, France
- Université François Rabelais de Tours, F-37041 Tours, France
- Institut Français du Cheval et de l’Equitation, Centre INRAE Val de Loire, F-37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Adeline Brossaud
- INRAE UMR 85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380 Nouzilly, France; (A.E.); (A.B.); (C.R.); (P.F.)
- CNRS UMR 7247 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380 Nouzilly, France
- Université François Rabelais de Tours, F-37041 Tours, France
- Institut Français du Cheval et de l’Equitation, Centre INRAE Val de Loire, F-37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Maxime Reverchon
- SYSAAF-Syndicat des Sélectionneurs Avicoles et Aquacoles Français, Centre INRAE Val de Loire, F-37380 Nouzilly, France;
| | - Christelle Ramé
- INRAE UMR 85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380 Nouzilly, France; (A.E.); (A.B.); (C.R.); (P.F.)
- CNRS UMR 7247 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380 Nouzilly, France
- Université François Rabelais de Tours, F-37041 Tours, France
- Institut Français du Cheval et de l’Equitation, Centre INRAE Val de Loire, F-37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Pascal Froment
- INRAE UMR 85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380 Nouzilly, France; (A.E.); (A.B.); (C.R.); (P.F.)
- CNRS UMR 7247 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380 Nouzilly, France
- Université François Rabelais de Tours, F-37041 Tours, France
- Institut Français du Cheval et de l’Equitation, Centre INRAE Val de Loire, F-37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Joëlle Dupont
- INRAE UMR 85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380 Nouzilly, France; (A.E.); (A.B.); (C.R.); (P.F.)
- CNRS UMR 7247 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380 Nouzilly, France
- Université François Rabelais de Tours, F-37041 Tours, France
- Institut Français du Cheval et de l’Equitation, Centre INRAE Val de Loire, F-37380 Nouzilly, France
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17
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Abstract
The perpetuation and preservation of distinct species rely on mechanisms that ensure that only interactions between gametes of the same species can give rise to viable and fertile offspring. Species-specificity can act at various stages, ranging from physical/behavioral pre-copulatory mechanisms, to pre-zygotic incompatibility during fertilization, to post-zygotic hybrid incompatibility. Herein, we focus on our current knowledge of the molecular mechanisms responsible for species-specificity during fertilization. While still poorly understood, decades of research have led to the discovery of molecules implicated in species-specific gamete interactions, starting from initial sperm-egg attraction to the binding of sperm and egg. While many of these molecules have been described as species-specific in their mode of action, relatively few have been demonstrated as such with definitive evidence. Thus, we also raise remaining questions that need to be addressed in order to characterize gamete interaction molecules as species-specific.
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18
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Andrade GM, del Collado M, Meirelles FV, da Silveira JC, Perecin F. Intrafollicular barriers and cellular interactions during ovarian follicle development. Anim Reprod 2019; 16:485-496. [PMID: 32435292 PMCID: PMC7234062 DOI: 10.21451/1984-3143-ar2019-0051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Follicles are composed of different interdependent cell types including oocytes, cumulus, granulosa, and theca cells. Follicular cells and oocytes exchange signaling molecules from the beginning of the development of the primordial follicles until the moment of ovulation. The follicular structure transforms during folliculogenesis; barriers form between the germ and the somatic follicular cells, and between the somatic follicular cells. As such, communication systems need to adapt to maintain the exchange of signaling molecules. Two critical barriers are established at different stages of development: the zona pellucida, separating the oocyte and the cumulus cells limiting the communication through specific connections, and the antrum, separating subpopulations of follicular cells. In both situations, communication is maintained either by the development of specialized connections as transzonal projections or by paracrine signaling and trafficking of extracellular vesicles through the follicular fluid. The bidirectional communication between the oocytes and the follicle cells is vital for driving folliculogenesis and oogenesis. These communication systems are associated with essential functions related to follicular development, oocyte competence, and embryonic quality. Here, we discuss the formation of the zona pellucida and antrum during folliculogenesis, and their importance in follicle and oocyte development. Moreover, this review discusses the current knowledge on the cellular mechanisms such as the movement of molecules via transzonal projections, and the exchange of extracellular vesicles by follicular cells to overcome these barriers to support female gamete development. Finally, we highlight the undiscovered aspects related to intrafollicular communication among the germ and somatic cells, and between the somatic follicular cells and give our perspective on manipulating the above-mentioned cellular communication to improve reproductive technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella Mamede Andrade
- Faculty of Animal Sciences and Food Engineering, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Maite del Collado
- Faculty of Animal Sciences and Food Engineering, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Flávio Vieira Meirelles
- Faculty of Animal Sciences and Food Engineering, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Juliano Coelho da Silveira
- Faculty of Animal Sciences and Food Engineering, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Felipe Perecin
- Faculty of Animal Sciences and Food Engineering, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil.
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19
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Hirohashi N, Yanagimachi R. Sperm acrosome reaction: its site and role in fertilization. Biol Reprod 2019; 99:127-133. [PMID: 29462288 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioy045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Manner and roles of sperm acrosome reaction in a variety of animals were compared.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noritaka Hirohashi
- Oki Marine Biological Station, Education and Research Center for Biological Resources, Shimane University, Oki, Japan
| | - Ryuzo Yanagimachi
- Department of Anatomy, Biochemistry and Physiology, Institute for Biogenesis Research, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
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20
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Novel mutations in ZP1, ZP2, and ZP3 cause female infertility due to abnormal zona pellucida formation. Hum Genet 2019; 138:327-337. [PMID: 30810869 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-019-01990-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The human zona pellucida (ZP) is an extracellular glycoprotein matrix composed of ZP1, ZP2, ZP3, and ZP4 surrounding the oocyte, and it plays an important role in sperm-egg interactions during fertilization. Structural and functional changes in the ZP can influence the process of fertilization and lead to female infertility. Previous studies have identified mutations in ZP1, ZP2, and ZP3 that lead to female infertility caused by oocyte degeneration, empty follicle syndrome, or in vitro fertilization failure. Here we describe seven patients from six independent families who had several abnormal oocytes or suffered from empty follicle syndrome, similar to the previously reported phenotypes. By whole-exome sequencing and Sanger sequencing, we identified several novel mutations in these patients. These included three homozygous mutations in ZP1 (c.1708G > A, p.Val570Met; c.1228C > T, p.Arg410Trp; c.507del, p.His170Ilefs*52), two mutations in a compound heterozygous state in ZP1 (c.1430 + 1G > T, p.Cys478X and c.1775-8T > C, p.Asp592Glyfs*29), a homozygous mutation in ZP2 (c.1115G > C, p.Cys372Ser), and a heterozygous mutation in ZP3 (c.763C > G, p.Arg255Gly). In addition, studies in CHO cells showed that the mutations in ZP1, ZP2, and ZP3 might affect the corresponding protein expression, secretion, and interaction, thus providing a mechanistic explanation for the phenotypes. Our study expands the spectrum of ZP gene mutations and phenotypes, and provides a further understanding of the pathogenic mechanism of ZP gene mutations in vitro.
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21
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Perestrelo T, Correia M, Ramalho-Santos J, Wirtz D. Metabolic and Mechanical Cues Regulating Pluripotent Stem Cell Fate. Trends Cell Biol 2018; 28:1014-1029. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2018.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Revised: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Wu T, Cheng Y, Liu Z, Tao W, Zheng S, Wang D. Bioinformatic analyses of zona pellucida genes in vertebrates and their expression in Nile tilapia. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2018; 44:435-449. [PMID: 29307115 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-017-0434-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Zona pellucida (ZP) genes encode ZP glycoproteins which constitute the coat surrounding oocytes and early embryos. Genome-wide identification of ZP genes is still lacking in vertebrates, especially in fish species. Herein, we conducted bioinformatic analyses of the ZP genes of the Nile tilapia and other vertebrates. Totally 16, 9, 17, 27, 21, 20, 26, 19, 14,11, 24, 17, 9, 18, 8, 11, 9, 8, 5, and 4 ZP genes belonging to 5 subfamilies (ZPA, ZPB, ZPC, ZPD, and ZPAX) were found in the sea lamprey, elephant shark, coelacanth, spotted gar, zebrafish, medaka, stickleback, Nile tilapia, Amazon molly, platyfish, seahorse, Northern snakehead, cavefish, tetraodon, clawed frog, turtle, chicken, platypus, kangaroo rat, and human genomes, respectively. The expansion of ZP genes in basal vertebrates was mainly achieved by gene duplication of ZPB, ZPC, and ZPAX subfamilies, while the shrink of ZP gene number in viviparous mammals was achieved by keeping only one copy of the ZP genes in each subfamily or even secondary loss of some subfamilies. The number of ZP gene is related to the environment where the eggs are fertilized and the embryos develop in vertebrates. Transcriptomic analysis showed that 14 ZP genes were expressed in the ovary of Nile tilapia, while two (ZPB2b and ZPC2) were highly expressed in the liver. On the other hand, ZPB1a and ZPB2c were not found to be expressed in any tissue or at any developmental stage of the gonads examined. In the ovary, the expression of ZP genes started from 30 dah (days after hatching), significantly upregulated at 90 dah and maintained this level at 180 dah. The expression of ZPC2 in the liver and ZPC5-2 and ZPAX1 in the ovary was confirmed by in situ hybridization. The ovary- and liver-expressed ZP genes are expressed coordinately with oocyte growth in tilapia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianli Wu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
- Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524025, China
| | - Yunying Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Zhilong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Wenjing Tao
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Shuqing Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Deshou Wang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
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Roldán ML, Teijeiro JM, Ruiz Álvarez J, Marini PE. Sperm binding to porcine oviductal cells is mediated by SRCR domains contained in DMBT1. J Cell Biochem 2018; 119:3755-3762. [PMID: 29240248 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The oviduct is an organ in which a subpopulation of sperm is stored in a reservoir, preserving its fertilizing potential. In porcine, two oviductal proteins have been identified in relation to sperm binding, Annexin A2 and Deleted in Malignant Brain Tumor 1 (DMBT1). DMBT1 is a multifunctional, multidomain glycoprotein, and the characteristics of all of its domains, as well as its carbohydrates, make them candidates for sperm binding. In this work, we challenge sperm for binding to pig oviductal cells on primary culture, after treatment with antibodies specific for the different domains present in DMBT1. Only anti-SRCR antibodies produced inhibition of sperm binding to cells. Thus, SRCR is the main domain in DMBT1 promoted sperm binding to form the reservoir in the oviduct, and this function is probably elicited through the polypeptide itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Lorena Roldán
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR-CONICET), Rosario, Argentina
| | - Juan Manuel Teijeiro
- Laboratorio de Medicina Reproductiva, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Rosario, Argentina
| | - Jimena Ruiz Álvarez
- Laboratorio de Medicina Reproductiva, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Patricia Estela Marini
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR-CONICET), Rosario, Argentina.,Laboratorio de Medicina Reproductiva, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina.,Consejo de Investigaciones de la Universidad Nacional de Rosario (CIUNR), Rosario, Argentina
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24
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Kızılay F, Altay B. Sperm function tests in clinical practice. Turk J Urol 2017; 43:393-400. [PMID: 29201498 DOI: 10.5152/tud.2017.96646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Conventional semen analysis solely is not completely adequate to predict pregnancy outcomes. Therefore, advanced sperm function tests have been developed and introduced to clinical practice. These tests use different methods and techniques to evaluate different stages of fertilization steps. In this review, we reported some commonly used sperm function tests: sperm penetration assay, sperm-zona pellucida binding test (hemizona assay), acrosomal reaction test, hyaluronan binding test, hypo-osmotic swelling test, magnetic-activated cell sorting and zeta sperm selection. We discussed the literature concerning these tests, the utilization techniques and also purpose and mechanism of each test. We emphasized the importance of sperm function tests in predicting in vitro fertilization and pregnancy outcomes and in the management of infertile couples and also the limitations of these tests. Along with improvements in molecular biology techniques, we believe that more applicative and beneficial tests will be developed in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuat Kızılay
- Department of Urology, Ege University School of Medicine, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Barış Altay
- Department of Urology, Ege University School of Medicine, İzmir, Turkey
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25
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Novel zona pellucida gene variants identified in patients with oocyte anomalies. Fertil Steril 2017; 107:1364-1369. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2017.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Revised: 01/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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26
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Shafei RA, Syrkasheva AG, Romanov AY, Makarova NP, Dolgushina NV, Semenova ML. Blastocyst hatching in humans. Russ J Dev Biol 2017. [DOI: 10.1134/s1062360417010106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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27
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Mohammadi Yeganeh L, Moini A, Hemmat M, Salman Yazdi R, Bagheri Lankarani N, Khodabakhshi S, Behbahanian A. The association of different auto-antibodies against ovarian tissues and gonadotropins and poor ovarian response in intracytoplasmic sperm injection cycles. HUM FERTIL 2017; 20:126-131. [PMID: 28111995 DOI: 10.1080/14647273.2017.1278632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the possible association between ovarian auto-antibodies and poor ovarian response to controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH) in patients undergoing intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) cycles. In total, 42 poor responders and 43 male factor subjects were enrolled in the study and underwent either a standard long gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist or antagonist protocol. Anti-ovarian, anti-oocyte, anti-zona pellucida (anti-ZP) and anti-gonadotropin antibodies in their sera and follicular fluid (FF) were measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique (ELISA). The mean follicular fluid anti-oocyte antibody [ratio of optical density (OD) sample/OD Control] was significantly higher in poor responders compared to the normal group (2.40 ± 1.55 versus 1.72 ± 0.71, p = 0.012). The linear regression analysis showed an inverse correlation between FF anti-oocyte antibody concentrations and the number of: (i) retrieved oocytes (B = -1.212, r = -0.235, p = 0.030); (ii) mature oocytes (B = -1.042, r = -0.234, p = 0.031); (iii) embryos available (B = -0.713, r = -0.228, p = 0.036); and (iv) good quality embryos (B = -0.369, r = -0.229, p = 0.035). However, there were no significant differences between two groups in terms of FF and serum anti-ovarian, anti-gonadotropins and anti-ZP antibodies. The Pearson correlation analysis on 85 infertile patients showed a positive correlation between age and the levels of FF anti-oocyte antibody (r = 0.276, p = 0.010). This study demonstrated that FF anti-oocyte antibody could be associated with poor response to COH in ICSI cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ladan Mohammadi Yeganeh
- a Department of Endocrinology and Female Infertility , Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine , Tehran , Iran
| | - Ashraf Moini
- a Department of Endocrinology and Female Infertility , Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine , Tehran , Iran.,b Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics , Roointan Arash Woman's Health Research and Educational Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran.,c Vali-e-Asr Reproductive Health Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Mandana Hemmat
- a Department of Endocrinology and Female Infertility , Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine , Tehran , Iran
| | - Reza Salman Yazdi
- d Department of Andrology , Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine , Tehran , Iran
| | - Narges Bagheri Lankarani
- e Department of Epidemiology and Reproductive Health , Reproductive Epidemiology Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR , Tehran , Iran
| | - Shabnam Khodabakhshi
- a Department of Endocrinology and Female Infertility , Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine , Tehran , Iran
| | - Arash Behbahanian
- f Department of Embryology , Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine , Tehran , Iran
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28
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Yeste M, Jones C, Amdani SN, Coward K. Oocyte Activation and Fertilisation: Crucial Contributors from the Sperm and Oocyte. Results Probl Cell Differ 2017; 59:213-239. [PMID: 28247051 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-44820-6_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
This chapter intends to summarise the importance of sperm- and oocyte-derived factors in the processes of sperm-oocyte binding and oocyte activation. First, we describe the initial interaction between sperm and the zona pellucida, with particular regard to acrosome exocytosis. We then describe how sperm and oocyte membranes fuse, with special reference to the discovery of the sperm protein IZUMO1 and its interaction with the oocyte membrane receptor JUNO. We then focus specifically upon oocyte activation, the fundamental process by which the oocyte is alleviated from metaphase II arrest by a sperm-soluble factor. The identity of this sperm factor has been the source of much debate recently, although mounting evidence, from several different laboratories, provides strong support for phospholipase C ζ (PLCζ), a sperm-specific phospholipase. Herein, we discuss the evidence in support of PLCζ and evaluate the potential role of other candidate proteins, such as post-acrosomal WW-binding domain protein (PAWP/WBP2NL). Since the cascade of downstream events triggered by the sperm-borne oocyte activation factor heavily relies upon specialised cellular machinery within the oocyte, we also discuss the critical role of oocyte-borne factors, such as the inositol trisphosphate receptor (IP3R), protein kinase C (PKC), store-operated calcium entry (SOCE) and calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII), during the process of oocyte activation. In order to place the implications of these various factors and processes into a clinical context, we proceed to describe their potential association with oocyte activation failure and discuss how clinical techniques such as the in vitro maturation of oocytes may affect oocyte activation ability. Finally, we contemplate the role of artificial oocyte activating agents in the clinical rescue of oocyte activation deficiency and discuss options for more endogenous alternatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Yeste
- Unit of Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Girona, C/ Maria Aurèlia Campany, 69, Campus Montilivi, E-17071, Girona, Spain. .,Nuffield Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Oxford, Level 3, Women's Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford, UK.
| | - Celine Jones
- Nuffield Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Oxford, Level 3, Women's Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford, UK
| | - Siti Nornadhirah Amdani
- Nuffield Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Oxford, Level 3, Women's Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford, UK
| | - Kevin Coward
- Nuffield Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Oxford, Level 3, Women's Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford, UK
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29
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Bukovsky A. Novel Immunological Aspects for the Treatment of Age-induced Ovarian and Testicular Infertility, Other Functional Diseases, and Early and Advanced Cancer Immunotherapy. Hum Reprod 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/9781118849613.ch4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Antonin Bukovsky
- The Laboratory of Reproductive Biology BIOCEV, Institute of Biotechnology; Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic; Prague Czech Republic
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30
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Bukovsky A. Involvement of blood mononuclear cells in the infertility, age-associated diseases and cancer treatment. World J Stem Cells 2016; 8:399-427. [PMID: 28074124 PMCID: PMC5183987 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v8.i12.399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2016] [Revised: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Blood mononuclear cells consist of T cells and monocyte derived cells. Beside immunity, the blood mononuclear cells belong to the complex tissue control system (TCS), where they exhibit morphostatic function by stimulating proliferation of tissue stem cells followed by cellular differentiation, that is stopped after attaining the proper functional stage, which differs among various tissue types. Therefore, the term immune and morphostatic system (IMS) should be implied. The TCS-mediated morphostasis also consists of vascular pericytes controlled by autonomic innervation, which is regulating the quantity of distinct tissues in vivo. Lack of proper differentiation of tissue cells by TCS causes either tissue underdevelopment, e.g., muscular dystrophy, or degenerative functional failures, e.g., type 1 diabetes and age-associated diseases. With the gradual IMS regression after 35 years of age the gonadal infertility develops, followed by a growing incidence of age-associated diseases and cancers. Without restoring an altered TCS function in a degenerative disease, the implantation of tissue-specific stem cells alone by regenerative medicine can not be successful. Transfused young blood could temporarily restore fertility to enable parenthood. The young blood could also temporarily alleviate aging diseases, and this can be extended by substances inducing IMS regeneration, like the honey bee propolis. The local and/or systemic use of honey bee propolis stopped hair and teeth loss, regressed varicose veins, improved altered hearing, and lowered high blood pressure and sugar levels. Complete regression of stage IV ovarian cancer with liver metastases after a simple elaborated immunotherapy is also reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonin Bukovsky
- Antonin Bukovsky, Laboratory of Reproductive Biology BIOCEV, Institute of Biotechnology Czech Academy of Sciences, 25250 Vestec, Czech Republic
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31
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Andolfi L, Masiero E, Giolo E, Martinelli M, Luppi S, Dal Zilio S, Delfino I, Bortul R, Zweyer M, Ricci G, Lazzarino M. Investigating the mechanical properties of zona pellucida of whole human oocytes by atomic force spectroscopy. Integr Biol (Camb) 2016; 8:886-93. [PMID: 27476747 DOI: 10.1039/c6ib00044d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The role of mechanics in numerous biological processes is nowadays recognized, while in others, such as the fertilization process, it is still neglected. In the case of oocytes the description of their mechanical properties could improve the comprehension of the oocyte-spermatozoon interaction and be helpful for application in in vitro fertilization (IVF) clinics. Herein the mechanical properties of whole human oocytes (HOs) immediately after retrieval are investigated by indentation measurements with atomic force spectroscopy under physiological conditions. Measurements are performed on immature (metaphase I - MI) and mature (metaphase II - MII) HOs. According to their morphological characteristics MII-HOs are classified as "suitable" and "rejected"; these latter would be usually rejected for intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). For all maturation stages we observe that the elastic response of the zona pellucida (ZP) outer layer was different and distinguishable from the rest of the ZP-HO. The elasticity of this ZP outer layer varies with maturation and quality: stiffness decreases from immature MI to good quality MII, up to poor-quality rejected MII. An indirect analysis with IVF outcome indicates that the ZP outer layer of analysed HOs donated by women who achieved pregnancy is stiffer than that of HOs from women with negative outcome. Our findings suggest that mechanical properties can represent important oocyte quality indicators that may be exploited for the design of innovative ICSI dedicated cell sorters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Andolfi
- Istituto Officina dei Materiali-CNR, Basovizza, 34149 Trieste, Italy.
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32
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Tosti E, Ménézo Y. Gamete activation: basic knowledge and clinical applications. Hum Reprod Update 2016; 22:420-39. [PMID: 27278231 PMCID: PMC4917743 DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmw014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 04/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The first clues to the process of gamete activation date back to nearly 60 years ago. The mutual activation of gametes is a crucial event during fertilization. In the testis and ovaries, spermatozoa and oocytes are in a state of meiotic and metabolic quiescence and require reciprocal signals in order to undergo functional changes that lead to competence for fertilization. First, the oocyte activates sperm by triggering motility, chemoattraction, binding and the acrosome reaction, culminating with the fusion of the two plasma membranes. At the end of this cascade of events, collectively known as sperm capacitation, sperm-induced oocyte activation occurs, generating electrical, morphological and metabolic modifications in the oocyte. Objective and rationale The aim of this review is to provide the current state of knowledge regarding the entire process of gamete activation in selected specific animal models that have contributed to our understanding of fertilization in mammals, including humans. Here we describe in detail the reciprocal induction of the two activation processes, the molecules involved and the mechanisms of cell interaction and signal transduction that ultimately result in successful embryo development and creation of a new individual. Search methods We carried out a literature survey with no restrictions on publication date (from the early 1950s to March 2016) using PubMed/Medline, Google Scholar and Web of Knowledge by utilizing common keywords applied in the field of fertilization and embryo development. We also screened the complete list of references published in the most recent research articles and relevant reviews published in English (both animal and human studies) on the topics investigated. Outcomes Literature on the principal animal models demonstrates that gamete activation is a pre-requisite for successful fertilization, and is a process common to all species studied to date. We provide a detailed description of the dramatic changes in gamete morphology and behavior, the regulatory molecules triggering gamete activation and the intracellular ions and second messengers involved in active metabolic pathways in different species. Recent scientific advances suggest that artificial gamete activation may represent a novel technique to improve human IVF outcomes, but this approach requires caution. Wider implications Although controversial, manipulation of gamete activation represents a promising tool for ameliorating the fertilization rate in assisted reproductive technologies. A better knowledge of mechanisms that transform the quiescent oocyte into a pluripotent cell may also provide new insights for the clinical use of stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Tosti
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, Naples 80121, Italy
| | - Yves Ménézo
- London Fertility Associates, 104 Harley Street, London WIG7JD, UK
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33
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Naz RK, Saver AE. Immunocontraception for Animals: Current Status and Future Perspective. Am J Reprod Immunol 2015; 75:426-39. [PMID: 26412331 DOI: 10.1111/aji.12431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
An alternative to surgical sterilization for fertility control of animals (wild, zoo, farm, and domestic) is needed to prevent problems related to overpopulation, including culling and relocation. A PubMed and Google Scholar database search was conducted using the keywords 'contraceptive vaccine animals,' 'immunocontraception animals,' 'non-surgical sterilization animals,' 'PZP vaccine,' and 'GnRH vaccine.' The searches from 1972 to 2015 yielded over 1500 publications. These articles were read, and 375 were selected for detailed analysis. Articles referenced in these publications were also thoroughly examined. PZP and GnRH contraceptive vaccines (CVs) have been extensively investigated for fertility control of wild, zoo, farm, and domestic animal populations. Both vaccines have shown tremendous success with PZP vaccines taking the lead. Novel technologies and targets are being developed to improve existing vaccines and generate second-generation CVs. Single-shot vaccines, which can be delivered remotely, will greatly advance the field of immunocontraception for animal use with potential human application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh K Naz
- Reproductive Immunology and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Ashley E Saver
- Reproductive Immunology and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
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34
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Bukovsky A. Novel methods of treating ovarian infertility in older and POF women, testicular infertility, and other human functional diseases. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2015; 13:10. [PMID: 25889983 PMCID: PMC4414002 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-015-0001-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In vitro maturation (IVM) and in vitro fertilization (IVF) technologies are facing with growing demands of older women to conceive. Although ovarian stem cells (OSCs) of older women are capable of producing in vitro fresh oocyte-like cells (OLCs), such cells cannot respond to IVM and IVF due to the lack of granulosa cells required for their maturation. Follicular renewal is also dependent on support of circulating blood mononuclear cells. They induce intermediary stages of meiosis (metaphase I chromosomal duplication and crossover, anaphase, telophase, and cytokinesis) in newly emerging ovarian germ cells, as for the first time demonstrated here, induce formation of granulosa cells, and stimulate follicular growth and development. A pretreatment of OSC culture with mononuclear cells collected from blood of a young healthy fertile woman may cause differentiation of bipotential OSCs into both developing germ and granulosa cells. A small blood volume replacement may enable treatment of ovarian infertility in vivo. The transferred mononuclear cells may temporarily rejuvenate virtually all tissues, including improvement of the function of endocrine tissues. Formation of new follicles and their development may be sufficient for IVM and IVF. The novel proposed in vitro approaches may be used as a second possibility. Infertility of human males affects almost a half of the infertility cases worldwide. Small blood volume replacement from young healthy fertile men may also be easy approach for the improvement of sperm quality in older or other affected men. In addition, body rejuvenation by small blood volume replacement from young healthy individuals of the same sex could represent a decline of in vitro methodology in favor of in vivo treatment for human functional diseases. Here we propose for the first time that blood mononuclear cells are essential for rejuvenation of those tissues, where immune system components participate in an appropriate division and differentiation of tissue stem cells. If needed, small blood volume replacement from distinct young healthy individuals could be utilized in six month intervals for repair of young altered or aged reproductive and other tissue functions. Systemic and local use of honey bee propolis tincture is an alternative option for functional rejuvenation of some tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonin Bukovsky
- The Institute of Biotechnology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic.
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