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Kraus D, Glassmann A, Golletz C, Kristiansen G, Winter J, Probstmeier R. Zona Pellucida Protein 2 (ZP2) Is Expressed in Colon Cancer and Promotes Cell Proliferation. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13081759. [PMID: 33917056 PMCID: PMC8067760 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13081759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Our study shows ZP2 to be a new biomarker for diagnosis, best used in combination with other low abundant genes in colon cancer. Furthermore, ZP2 promotes cell proliferation via the ERK1/2-cyclinD1-signaling pathway. We demonstrate that ZP2 mRNA is expressed in a low-abundant manner with high specificity in subsets of cancer cell lines representing different cancer subtypes and also in a significant proportion of primary colon cancers. The potential benefit of ZP2 as a biomarker is discussed. In the second part of our study, the function of ZP2 in cancerogenesis has been analyzed. Since ZP2 shows an enhanced transcript level in colon cancer cells, siRNA experiments have been performed to verify the potential role of ZP2 in cell proliferation. Based on these data, ZP2 might serve as a new target molecule for cancer diagnosis and treatment in respective cancer types such as colon cancer. Abstract Background: Zona pellucida protein ZP2 has been identified as a new colon tumor biomarker. Its transcripts were specifically expressed in four out of four human colon cancer cell lines and enhanced in about 60% of primary colon cancer tissues when compared to matched healthy ones. ZP2 down-regulation by siRNA led to a decreased proliferation rate, EXOSC5 transcript, cyclin D1 protein level, and ERK1/2 phosphorylation state. Methods: Sensitivity and quantitative expression analysis of ZP2 transcripts in tumor and matched normal colon tissue was performed with respective cDNA preparations. Silencing RNA effects on colon cancer cells were examined by q-PCR, western blot, and proliferation rate experiments. Results: In a significant portion of 69 primary colon tumor samples, the molecule showed a low but specific expression, which revealed a sensitivity value of around 90% and a specificity value of 30% when matched to the respective normal counterparts. Down-regulation of ZP2 protein by siRNA led to a decreased proliferation rate, EXOSC5 and cyclin D1 level, and phosphorylation state of ERK1/2. ZP2 has also been found to be a cell membrane-bound protein. Conclusion: ZP2 shows an enhanced expression level in colon cancer tissue and, thus, can be used as a diagnostic tool, albeit in combination with other biomarkers. Its character as a membrane protein makes ZP2 even a potential target molecule for tumor therapy, especially as it positively affects colon cancer cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Kraus
- Department of Prosthodontics, Preclinical Education and Material Sciences, University of Bonn, Welschnonnenstr 17, 53111 Bonn, Germany;
| | | | - Carsten Golletz
- Institute of Pathology, Venusberg-Campus 1, University Hospital of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany; (C.G.); (G.K.)
| | - Glen Kristiansen
- Institute of Pathology, Venusberg-Campus 1, University Hospital of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany; (C.G.); (G.K.)
| | - Jochen Winter
- Oral Cell Biology Group, Department of Periodontology, Operative and Preventive Dentistry, University of Bonn, Welschnonnenstr. 17, 53111 Bonn, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-228-287-22011
| | - Rainer Probstmeier
- Neuro- and Tumor Cell Biology Group, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Venusberg-Campus 1, University Hospital of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany;
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Fröhlich A, Sirokay J, Fietz S, Vogt TJ, Dietrich J, Zarbl R, Florin M, Kuster P, Saavedra G, Valladolid SR, Hoffmann F, Flatz L, Ring SS, Golletz C, Pietsch T, Strieth S, Brossart P, Gielen GH, Kristiansen G, Bootz F, Landsberg J, Dietrich D. Molecular, clinicopathological, and immune correlates of LAG3 promoter DNA methylation in melanoma. EBioMedicine 2020; 59:102962. [PMID: 32861198 PMCID: PMC7475111 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2020.102962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The co-receptor lymphocyte-activation gene-3 (LAG3, LAG-3, CD223) is a potential target for immune checkpoint inhibition immunotherapies. However, little is known about the biological and clinical significance of LAG3 DNA methylation in melanoma and its microenvironment. Methods We evaluated LAG3 promoter and gene body methylation in a cohort of N = 470 melanoma patients obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA cohort), an independent cohort of N = 120 patients from the University Hospital Bonn, and in subsets of peripheral blood leukocytes, melanocytes, and melanoma cell lines. We validated the association of LAG3 methylation with mRNA expression in vitro in the melanoma cell line A375 treated with the hypomethylating agent 5-azacytidine and stimulated with interferon-γ. Finally, we investigated correlations between LAG3 methylation and progression-free survival in patients treated with immune checkpoint blockade (ICB cohort, N = 118). Findings Depending on the analysed locus (promoter, gene body) we found region-dependent significant LAG3 methylation differences between monocytes, B cells, CD8+ and CD4+ T cells, regulatory T cells, melanocytes, and melanoma cell lines. In tumor tissues, methylation correlated significantly with LAG3 mRNA expression, immune cell infiltrates (histopathologic lymphocyte score and RNA-Seq signatures of distinct immune infiltrates), and an interferon-γ signature. Finally, LAG3 methylation was associated with overall survival in the TCGA cohort and progression-free survival in the ICB cohort. We detected basal LAG3 mRNA expression in the melanoma cell A375 and an interferon-γ inducible expression after demethylation with 5-azacytidine. Interpretation Our study points towards an epigenetic regulation of LAG3 via promoter methylation and suggests a prognostic and predictive significance of LAG3 methylation in melanoma. Our results give insight in the tumor cell-intrinsic transcriptional regulation of LAG3 in melanoma. In perspective, our results might pave the way for investigating LAG3 methylation as a predictive biomarker for response to anti-LAG3 immune checkpoint blockage. Funding A full list of funding bodies that contributed to this study can be found in the Acknowledgements section.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Fröhlich
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Judith Sirokay
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Simon Fietz
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 25, 53105 Bonn, Germany
| | - Timo J Vogt
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 25, 53105 Bonn, Germany
| | - Jörn Dietrich
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 25, 53105 Bonn, Germany
| | - Romina Zarbl
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 25, 53105 Bonn, Germany
| | - Mike Florin
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 25, 53105 Bonn, Germany
| | - Pia Kuster
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Gonzalo Saavedra
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 25, 53105 Bonn, Germany
| | - Susana Ramírez Valladolid
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 25, 53105 Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Lukas Flatz
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St Gallen, St Gallen, Switzerland.; Department of Oncology and Haematology, Kantonsspital St Gallen, St Gallen, Switzerland; Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Kantonsspital St Gallen, St Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Sandra S Ring
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St Gallen, St Gallen, Switzerland.; Microbiology and Immunology PhD Program, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Carsten Golletz
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Torsten Pietsch
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Sebastian Strieth
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 25, 53105 Bonn, Germany
| | - Peter Brossart
- Department of Oncology, Hematology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Gerrit H Gielen
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Friedrich Bootz
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 25, 53105 Bonn, Germany
| | - Jennifer Landsberg
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Dimo Dietrich
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 25, 53105 Bonn, Germany.
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Sailer V, Sailer U, Bawden EG, Zarbl R, Wiek C, Vogt TJ, Dietrich J, Loick S, Grünwald I, Toma M, Golletz C, Gerstner A, Kristiansen G, Bootz F, Scheckenbach K, Landsberg J, Dietrich D. DNA methylation of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas correlates with IDO1 expression, HPV status, patients' survival, immune cell infiltrates, mutational load, and interferon γ signature. EBioMedicine 2019; 48:341-352. [PMID: 31628024 PMCID: PMC6838413 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.09.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The immune checkpoint, indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1, is under investigation as target of novel immunotherapies for cancers, including head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC). The aim of our study was to analyze DNA methylation of the encoding gene (IDO1) in HNSCC. Methods Methylation of three CpG sites within the promoter, promoter flank, and gene body was investigated and correlated with mRNA expression, immune cell infiltration, mutational burden, human papillomavirus (HPV)-status, and overall survival in a cohort of N = 528 HNSCC patients obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas. In addition, IDO1 immunohistochemistry and DNA methylation analysis was performed in an independent cohort of N = 138 HNSCC samples. Findings Significant inverse correlations of IDO1 methylation and IDO1 mRNA expression were found in the promoter and promoter flank region (Spearman's ρ = −0.163 and ρ = −0.377, respectively) while a positive correlation was present in the gene body (ρ = 0.502; all P < 0.001). IDO1 DNA methylation significantly correlated with IDO1 protein expressing immune cells as well as tumor cells. IDO1 promoter flank hypermethylation was significantly associated with poor overall survival (P < 0.001). In addition, we discovered significant correlations between IDO1 methylation and expression with RNA signatures of immune cell infiltrates and with HPV-status, mutational load (methylation only), and interferon γ signature. Interpretation Our results suggest IDO1 expression levels are epigenetically regulated by DNA methylation. This study provides rationale to test IDO1 methylation as potential biomarker for prediction of response to IDO1 immune checkpoint inhibitors in HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena Sailer
- Pathology of the University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Ulrike Sailer
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Street 25, 53105 Bonn, Germany
| | - Emma Grace Bawden
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Romina Zarbl
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Street 25, 53105 Bonn, Germany
| | - Constanze Wiek
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Timo J Vogt
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Street 25, 53105 Bonn, Germany
| | - Joern Dietrich
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Street 25, 53105 Bonn, Germany
| | - Sophia Loick
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Street 25, 53105 Bonn, Germany
| | - Ingela Grünwald
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Street 25, 53105 Bonn, Germany
| | - Marieta Toma
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Carsten Golletz
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Andreas Gerstner
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Municipal Hospital Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | | | - Friedrich Bootz
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Street 25, 53105 Bonn, Germany
| | - Kathrin Scheckenbach
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jennifer Landsberg
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Dimo Dietrich
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Street 25, 53105 Bonn, Germany.
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Goltz D, Gevensleben H, Vogt TJ, Dietrich J, Golletz C, Bootz F, Kristiansen G, Landsberg J, Dietrich D. CTLA4 methylation predicts response to anti-PD-1 and anti-CTLA-4 immunotherapy in melanoma patients. JCI Insight 2018; 3:96793. [PMID: 29997292 PMCID: PMC6124533 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.96793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent years have witnessed the groundbreaking success of immune checkpoint blockage (ICB) in metastasized malignant melanoma. However, biomarkers predicting the response to ICB are still urgently needed. In the present study, we investigated CTLA4 promoter methylation (mCTLA4) in 470 malignant melanoma patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas (non-ICB cohort) and in 50 individuals with metastasized malignant melanomas under PD-1/CTLA-4-targeted immunotherapy (ICB cohort). mCTLA4 levels were quantified using the Infinium HumanMethylation450 BeadChip (non-ICB cohort) and methylation-specific quantitative real-time PCR in DNA formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissues (ICB cohort). Methylation levels were associated with molecular and clinicopathological variables and analyzed with respect to response (irRECIST) and overall survival. CTLA-4 mRNA and mCTLA4 showed a significant inverse correlation (non-ICB cohort: Spearman's ρ = -0.416, P < 0.001). In ICB-treated melanoma patients, low mCTLA4 was further strongly correlated with response to therapy (P = 0.009, ANOVA) and overall survival (hazard ratio = 2.06 [95% CI: 1.29-3.29], P = 0.003). Our data strongly support the assumption that mCTLA4 predicts response to both anti-PD-1 and anti-CTLA-4 targeted ICB in melanoma and provides paramount information for the selection of patients likely to respond to ICB.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Timo J Vogt
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, and
| | - Joern Dietrich
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, and
| | | | | | | | - Jennifer Landsberg
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Dimo Dietrich
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, and
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Franzen A, Vogt TJ, Müller T, Dietrich J, Schröck A, Golletz C, Brossart P, Bootz F, Landsberg J, Kristiansen G, Dietrich D. PD-L1 ( CD274) and PD-L2 ( PDCD1LG2) promoter methylation is associated with HPV infection and transcriptional repression in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas. Oncotarget 2017; 9:641-650. [PMID: 29416641 PMCID: PMC5787495 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.23080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background DNA methylation of the immune checkpoint gene PD-L1 has recently been shown to be associated with PD-L1 mRNA expression in various malignancies. This study aimed to investigate the association of PD-L1 and PD-L2 methylation with mRNA expression, immune cell infitration, protein expression and human papilloma virus (HPV) infection in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) patients. Results DNA methylation of PD-L1 and PD-L2 correlates inversely with mRNA expression (PD-L1: p ≤ 0.002; PD-L2: p ≤ 0.014). Methylation of specific CpG-sites of both PD-L1 and PD-L2 were further significantly associated with HPV infection in the TCGA cohort. Immune cell infiltrates correlated significantly with PD-L1 and PD-L2 methylation. In the validation cohort, PD-L1 protein expression was associated with PD-L1 hypomethylation (p = 0.012). Conclusions DNA methylation of PD-L1 and PD-L2 is associated with transcriptional silencing and HPV infection in HNSCCs. Additional studies are warranted to test PD-L1 and PD-L2 methylation as predictive biomarkers for response to immunotherapies (e.g. pembrolizumab and nivolumab) that target the PD-L1/PD-L2/PD-1 immune checkpoint axis. Materials and Methods PD-L1 and PD-L2 promoter methylation and its mRNA expression were analyzed based on Infinium HumanMethylation450 BeadChip and RNA-Seq (both Illumina, Inc.) data in a representative HNSCC patient cohort (n = 528) enrolled by The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) Research Network. A validation cohort consisting of 168 HNSCC patients treated at the University Hospital Bonn was analyzed regarding PD-L1 and PD-L2 promoter methylation by means of methylation-specific quantitative real-time PCR. PD-L1 protein expression in the validation cohort was quantified via immunohistochemistry (PD-L1 antibody clone 22C3, Dako/Agilent Technologies, Inc.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Franzen
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Timo J Vogt
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Tim Müller
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jörn Dietrich
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Andreas Schröck
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Carsten Golletz
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Peter Brossart
- Department of Oncology, Hematology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Friedrich Bootz
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | | | | | - Dimo Dietrich
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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Windsperger K, Dekan S, Pils S, Golletz C, Kunihs V, Fiala C, Kristiansen G, Knöfler M, Pollheimer J. Extravillous trophoblast invasion of venous as well as lymphatic vessels is altered in idiopathic, recurrent, spontaneous abortions. Hum Reprod 2017; 32:1208-1217. [DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dex058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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Gevensleben H, Dietrich D, Golletz C, Steiner S, Jung M, Thiesler T, Majores M, Stein J, Uhl B, Müller S, Ellinger J, Stephan C, Jung K, Brossart P, Kristiansen G. The Immune Checkpoint Regulator PD-L1 Is Highly Expressed in Aggressive Primary Prostate Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2015; 22:1969-77. [PMID: 26573597 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-15-2042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Therapies targeting the programmed death 1 (PD-1)/programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) pathway promote anti-tumor immunity and have shown promising results in various tumors. Preliminary data further indicate that immunohistochemically detected PD-L1 may be predictive for anti-PD-1 therapy. So far, no data are available on PD-L1 expression in primary prostate cancer. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Following validation of a monoclonal antibody, immunohistochemical analysis of PD-L1 expression was performed in two independent, well-characterized cohorts of primary prostate cancer patients following radical prostatectomy (RP), and resulting data were correlated to clinicopathological parameters and outcome. RESULTS In the training cohort (n= 209), 52.2% of cases expressed moderate to high PD-L1 levels, which positively correlated with proliferation (Ki-67,P< 0.001), Gleason score (P= 0.004), and androgen receptor (AR) expression (P< 0.001). Furthermore, PD-L1 positivity was prognostic for biochemical recurrence [BCR;P= 0.004; HR, 2.37; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.32-4.25]. In the test cohort (n= 611), moderate to high PD-L1 expression was detected in 61.7% and remained prognostic for BCR in univariate Cox analysis (P= 0.011; HR, 1.49; 95% CI, 1.10-2.02). The correlation of Ki-67 and AR with PD-L1 expression was confirmed in the test cohort (P< 0.001). In multivariate Cox analysis of all patients, PD-L1 was corroborated as independently prognostic for BCR (P= 0.007; HR, 1.46; 95% CI, 1.11-1.92). CONCLUSIONS We provide first evidence that expression of the therapy target PD-L1 is not only highly prevalent in primary prostate cancer cells but is also an independent indicator of BCR, suggesting a biologic relevance in primary tumors. Further studies need to ascertain if PD-1/PD-L1-targeted therapy might be a treatment option for hormone-naïve prostate cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dimo Dietrich
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Carsten Golletz
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Susanne Steiner
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Maria Jung
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Thore Thiesler
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Johannes Stein
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Barbara Uhl
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Stefan Müller
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jörg Ellinger
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Carsten Stephan
- Department of Urology, Charité University Hospital Berlin, Berlin, Germany. Berlin Institute for Urologic Research, Berlin, Germany
| | - Klaus Jung
- Department of Urology, Charité University Hospital Berlin, Berlin, Germany. Berlin Institute for Urologic Research, Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter Brossart
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Glen Kristiansen
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
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Göke F, Franzen A, Hinz TK, Marek LA, Yoon P, Sharma R, Bode M, von Maessenhausen A, Lankat-Buttgereit B, Göke A, Golletz C, Kirsten R, Boehm D, Vogel W, Kleczko EK, Eagles JR, Hirsch FR, Van Bremen T, Bootz F, Schroeck A, Kim J, Tan AC, Jimeno A, Heasley LE, Perner S. FGFR1 Expression Levels Predict BGJ398 Sensitivity of FGFR1-Dependent Head and Neck Squamous Cell Cancers. Clin Cancer Res 2015; 21:4356-64. [PMID: 26015511 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-14-3357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2014] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE FGFR1 copy-number gain (CNG) occurs in head and neck squamous cell cancers (HNSCC) and is used for patient selection in FGFR-specific inhibitor clinical trials. This study explores FGFR1 mRNA and protein levels in HNSCC cell lines, primary tumors, and patient-derived xenografts (PDX) as predictors of sensitivity to the FGFR inhibitor, NVP-BGJ398. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN FGFR1 status, expression levels, and BGJ398 sensitive growth were measured in 12 HNSCC cell lines. Primary HNSCCs (n = 353) were assessed for FGFR1 CNG and mRNA levels, and HNSCC TCGA data were interrogated as an independent sample set. HNSCC PDXs (n = 39) were submitted to FGFR1 copy-number detection and mRNA assays to identify putative FGFR1-dependent tumors. RESULTS Cell line sensitivity to BGJ398 is associated with FGFR1 mRNA and protein levels, not FGFR1 CNG. Thirty-one percent of primary HNSCC tumors expressed FGFR1 mRNA, 18% exhibited FGFR1 CNG, 35% of amplified tumors were also positive for FGFR1 mRNA. This relationship was confirmed with the TCGA dataset. Using high FGFR1 mRNA for selection, 2 HNSCC PDXs were identified, one of which also exhibited FGFR1 CNG. The nonamplified tumor with high mRNA levels exhibited in vivo sensitivity to BGJ398. CONCLUSIONS FGFR1 expression associates with BGJ398 sensitivity in HNSCC cell lines and predicts tyrosine kinase inhibitor sensitivity in PDXs. Our results support FGFR1 mRNA or protein expression, rather than FGFR1 CNG as a predictive biomarker for the response to FGFR inhibitors in a subset of patients suffering from HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Friederike Göke
- Section of Prostate Cancer Research, University Hospital of Bonn, Center for Integrated Oncology Cologne-Bonn, Bonn, Germany. Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Bonn, Center for Integrated Oncology Cologne-Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Alina Franzen
- Section of Prostate Cancer Research, University Hospital of Bonn, Center for Integrated Oncology Cologne-Bonn, Bonn, Germany. Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Bonn, Center for Integrated Oncology Cologne-Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Trista K Hinz
- Department of Craniofacial Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Lindsay A Marek
- Department of Craniofacial Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Petros Yoon
- Department of Craniofacial Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Rakesh Sharma
- Section of Prostate Cancer Research, University Hospital of Bonn, Center for Integrated Oncology Cologne-Bonn, Bonn, Germany. Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Bonn, Center for Integrated Oncology Cologne-Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Maike Bode
- Section of Prostate Cancer Research, University Hospital of Bonn, Center for Integrated Oncology Cologne-Bonn, Bonn, Germany. Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Bonn, Center for Integrated Oncology Cologne-Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Anne von Maessenhausen
- Section of Prostate Cancer Research, University Hospital of Bonn, Center for Integrated Oncology Cologne-Bonn, Bonn, Germany. Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Bonn, Center for Integrated Oncology Cologne-Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Antonia Göke
- Section of Prostate Cancer Research, University Hospital of Bonn, Center for Integrated Oncology Cologne-Bonn, Bonn, Germany. Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Bonn, Center for Integrated Oncology Cologne-Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Carsten Golletz
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Bonn, Center for Integrated Oncology Cologne-Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Robert Kirsten
- Section of Prostate Cancer Research, University Hospital of Bonn, Center for Integrated Oncology Cologne-Bonn, Bonn, Germany. Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Bonn, Center for Integrated Oncology Cologne-Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Diana Boehm
- Section of Prostate Cancer Research, University Hospital of Bonn, Center for Integrated Oncology Cologne-Bonn, Bonn, Germany. Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Bonn, Center for Integrated Oncology Cologne-Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Wenzel Vogel
- Section of Prostate Cancer Research, University Hospital of Bonn, Center for Integrated Oncology Cologne-Bonn, Bonn, Germany. Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Bonn, Center for Integrated Oncology Cologne-Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Emily K Kleczko
- Department of Craniofacial Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Justin R Eagles
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Fred R Hirsch
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado. Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Tobias Van Bremen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Friedrich Bootz
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Andreas Schroeck
- Section of Prostate Cancer Research, University Hospital of Bonn, Center for Integrated Oncology Cologne-Bonn, Bonn, Germany. Department of Otorhinolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jihye Kim
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Aik-Choon Tan
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Antonio Jimeno
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado. Department of Otolaryngology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Lynn E Heasley
- Department of Internal Medicine, Philipps-University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany. VA Eastern Colorado Healthcare System, Denver, Colorado
| | - Sven Perner
- Section of Prostate Cancer Research, University Hospital of Bonn, Center for Integrated Oncology Cologne-Bonn, Bonn, Germany. Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Bonn, Center for Integrated Oncology Cologne-Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
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König K, Diehl L, Rommerscheidt-Fuss U, Golletz C, Quast T, Kahl P, Kolanus W, Knolle P, Buettner R, Heukamp LC. Four-and-a-Half LIM Domain Protein 2 Is a Novel Regulator of Sphingosine 1-Phosphate Receptor 1 in CCL19-Induced Dendritic Cell Migration. J I 2010; 185:1466-75. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0903449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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