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Li J, Liu J, Shi W, Guo J. Role and molecular mechanism of Salvia miltiorrhiza associated with chemical compounds in the treatment of diabetes mellitus and its complications: A review. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e37844. [PMID: 38640337 PMCID: PMC11029945 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000037844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the most prevalent diseases worldwide, greatly impacting patients' quality of life. This article reviews the progress in Salvia miltiorrhiza, an ancient Chinese plant, for the treatment of DM and its associated complications. Extensive studies have been conducted on the chemical composition and pharmacological effects of S miltiorrhiza, including its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. It has demonstrated potential in preventing and treating diabetes and its consequences by improving peripheral nerve function and increasing retinal thickness in diabetic individuals. Moreover, S miltiorrhiza has shown effectiveness when used in conjunction with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), and statins. The safety and tolerability of S miltiorrhiza have also been thoroughly investigated. Despite the established benefits of managing DM and its complications, further research is needed to determine appropriate usage, dosage, long-term health benefits, and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajie Li
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, PR China
| | - Jinxing Liu
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, PR China
| | - Weibing Shi
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, PR China
| | - Jinchen Guo
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, PR China
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Peng F, Han Z, Chen H, Zhang Q, Liu C, Liang X. The Effects of Treatment with Icariin on Immune Tolerance in the Recurrent Spontaneous Abortion Mice. Reprod Sci 2023; 30:2794-2804. [PMID: 36890410 PMCID: PMC10480255 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-023-01185-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023]
Abstract
Recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA) is the most common pregnancy-related complication, affecting 1-5% of pregnancies. Currently, immune imbalance at the maternal-fetal interface is one of the main causes of recurrent abortion. Icariin (ICA) can exert immunomodulatory effects in a variety of autoimmune diseases. Nevertheless, it has not been reported for use in recurrent abortion. In this study, to clarify the effects and mechanisms of ICA for recurrent abortion, female mice CBA/J were randomly divided into Normal group, RSA group and RSA + ICA group. From 0.5 days of pregnancy to 12.5 days, the RSA + ICA group was subjected to orally ICA (50 mg/Kg) daily, and the Normal group and the RSA group were given with an equal volume of distilled water. The results showed the amount of reabsorbed embryo in the RSA group was significantly higher than that in the normal-pregnancy group. However, ICA treatment showed a rescue effect on spontaneous abortion in RSA mice. ICA was able to increase the ratio of the labyrinth to total placental area in abortion-prone model. Further investigation showed that ICA treatment can expand the regulatory T cell (Treg) population in mice prone to abortion, significantly decrease the populations of Th1 cells, and reduce the expression of pro-inflammatory factors. Additionally, ICA treatment was able to decrease the expression of mechanical target of rapamycin (mTOR) in the placenta. ICA may increase Treg cell expansion and reducing pro-inflammatory factors expression via the mTOR pathway, then reducing placental inflammation and improving pregnancy outcomes in abortion-prone mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Peng
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhongyu Han
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Haoran Chen
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Qinxiu Zhang
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Chi Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Sichuan Renal Disease Clinical Research Center, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, 610072, China.
| | - Xin Liang
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
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He G, Chen G, Liu W, Ye D, Liu X, Liang X, Song J. Salvianolic Acid B: A Review of Pharmacological Effects, Safety, Combination Therapy, New Dosage Forms, and Novel Drug Delivery Routes. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2235. [PMID: 37765204 PMCID: PMC10538146 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15092235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Salvianolic acid B is extracted from the roots and rhizomes of Danshen (Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge., family Labiatae). It is a water-soluble, weakly acidic drug that has demonstrated antitumor and anti-inflammatory effects on various organs and tissues such as the lung, heart, kidney, intestine, bone, liver, and skin and protective effects in diseases such as depression and spinal cord injury. The mechanisms underlying the protective effects of salvianolic acid B are mainly related to its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti- or pro-apoptotic, anti- or pro-autophagy, anti-fibrotic, and metabolism-regulating functions. Salvianolic acid B can regulate various signaling pathways, cells, and molecules to achieve maximum therapeutic effects. This review summarizes the safety profile, combination therapy potential, and new dosage forms and delivery routes of salvianolic acid B. Although significant research progress has been made, more in-depth pharmacological studies are warranted to identify the mechanism of action, related signaling pathways, more suitable combination drugs, more effective dosage forms, and novel routes of administration of salvianolic acid B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guannan He
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China; (G.H.); (W.L.); (D.Y.)
| | - Guangfeng Chen
- Department of Geriatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China;
| | - Weidong Liu
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China; (G.H.); (W.L.); (D.Y.)
| | - Dongxue Ye
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China; (G.H.); (W.L.); (D.Y.)
| | - Xuehuan Liu
- Experimental Center, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China;
| | - Xiaodong Liang
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China; (G.H.); (W.L.); (D.Y.)
| | - Jing Song
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China; (G.H.); (W.L.); (D.Y.)
- Shandong Yuze Pharmaceutical Industry Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd., Dezhou 251200, China
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Miao L, Lu Q. Anzi Heji Downregulates DNMT1 to Improve Anticardiolipin Antibody (ACA)-Positive Abortion by Regulating JAK/STAT Pathway. Nat Prod Commun 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x221112813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Anzi Heji (AZHJ) is a traditional Chinese medicine compound prepared for long-term treatment of Anticardiolipin Antibody (ACA)-positive abortion, with small side effects and definite curative effect. Abortion was reported to be related to DNMT1, a methylation transferase regulated by JAK2 pathway, so this study aimed to explore whether AZHJ treated ACA-positive abortion by regulating the DNMT1. Cell proliferation estimation employed Cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) and flow cytometry. Human β2-glycoprotein I (GPI) was used as an inducer to establish ACA-positive mice model. Western blot was applied to examine the expressions of DNMT1, FOXP3, IL-6, and JAK/STAT3 pathway-related proteins. ACA titers and IL-6 levels in peripheral blood were tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Placental tissue damage was assessed by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. Based on the findings from experiments, AZHJ could significantly inhibit apoptosis and regulate the proliferation activity of HTR-8/SVneo cells. AZHJ treatment reduced the expression levels of DNMT1, FOXP3, IL-6, and JAK/STAT3 signaling pathways-related proteins in HTR-8/SVneo cells and maternal–fetal interface (uterine decidua and placenta), and the titer of serum ACA was also significantly decreased. In addition, AZHJ effectively alleviated placental tissue damage caused by ACA-positive abortion compared with model group. To sum up, AZHJ may play a therapeutic role by inhibiting DNMT1 activation through Janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription (JAK/STAT) pathway, and then promoting FOXP3 expression in maternal–fetal interface of pregnant mice, thereby improving immune tolerance at the maternal–fetal interface, preventing and treating ACA-positive abortion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Miao
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Provincial Second Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Qibin Lu
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
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Xu Y, Geng L, Zhang Y, Jones JA, Zhang M, Chen Y, Tan R, Koffas MAG, Wang Z, Zhao S. De novo Biosynthesis of Salvianolic Acid B in Saccharomyces cerevisiae Engineered with the Rosmarinic Acid Biosynthetic Pathway. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:2290-2302. [PMID: 35157428 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c06329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Salvianolic acid B (SAB), also named lithospermic acid B, belongs to a class of water-soluble phenolic acids, originating from plants such as Salvia miltiorrhiza. SAB exhibits a variety of biological activities and has been clinically used to treat cardio- and cerebrovascular diseases and also has great potential as a health care product and medicine for other disorders. However, its biosynthetic pathway has not been completely elucidated. Here, we report the de novo biosynthesis of SAB in Saccharomyces cerevisiae engineered with the heterologous rosmarinic acid (RA) biosynthetic pathway. The created pathway contains seven genes divided into three modules on separate plasmids, pRS424-FjTAL-Sm4CL2, pRS425-SmTAT-SmHPPR or pRS425-SmTAT-CbHPPR, and pRS426-SmRAS-CbCYP-CbCPR. These three modules were cotransformed into S. cerevisiae, resulting in the recombinant strains YW-44 and YW-45. Incubation of the recombinant strains in a basic medium without supplementing any substrates yielded 34 and 30 μg/L of SAB. The findings in this study indicate that the created heterologous RA pathway cooperates with the native metabolism of S. cerevisiae to enable the de novo biosynthesis of SAB. This provides a novel insight into a biosynthesis mechanism of SAB and also lays the foundation for the production of SAB using microbial cell factories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingpeng Xu
- The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources & Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Lijun Geng
- The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources & Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yiwen Zhang
- The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources & Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - J Andrew Jones
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, United States
| | - Meihong Zhang
- The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources & Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yuan Chen
- The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources & Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Ronghui Tan
- The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources & Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Mattheos A G Koffas
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, United States
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institutes, Troy, New York 12180, United States
| | - Zhengtao Wang
- The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources & Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Shujuan Zhao
- The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources & Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
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