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Farhangnia P, Noormohammadi M, Delbandi AA. Vitamin D and reproductive disorders: a comprehensive review with a focus on endometriosis. Reprod Health 2024; 21:61. [PMID: 38698459 PMCID: PMC11064344 DOI: 10.1186/s12978-024-01797-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D is a fat-soluble steroid hormone that was initially known only for regulating calcium and phosphorus levels and maintaining bone health. However, it was later discovered that many organs express vitamin D metabolizing enzymes and have a ligand for vitamin D, which regulates the expression of an extensive assortment of genes. As a result, vitamin D is indispensable for the proper function of organs, and its deficiency is believed to be a critical factor in symptoms and disorders such as cardiovascular diseases, autoimmune diseases, and cancers. The significance of vitamin D in reproductive tissues was recognized later, and studies have revealed its crucial role in male and female fertility, as well as proper reproductive function during pregnancy. Vitamin D deficiency has been identified as a risk factor for infertility, gonadal cancers, pregnancy complications, polycystic ovary syndrome, and endometriosis. However, data investigating the association between vitamin D levels and reproductive disorders, including endometriosis, have encountered inconsistencies. Therefore, the present study aims to review existing research on the effect of vitamin D on proper reproductive function, and the role of deficiency in reproductive diseases and specifically focuses on endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooya Farhangnia
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Immunology Research Center, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Immunology Board for Transplantation and Cell-Based Therapeutics (ImmunoTACT), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
- Reproductive Sciences and Technology Research Center, Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Morvarid Noormohammadi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali-Akbar Delbandi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Immunology Research Center, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Immunology Board for Transplantation and Cell-Based Therapeutics (ImmunoTACT), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.
- Reproductive Sciences and Technology Research Center, Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Pan D, Li P, Dai X, Xie S. 25-hydroxyvitamin D and Endometriosis: A bidirectional Mendelian randomization study. Reprod Sci 2024:10.1007/s43032-024-01517-8. [PMID: 38512698 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-024-01517-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Numerous studies have demonstrated a correlation between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) and endometriosis. However, the precise nature of this association remains elusive. The causal connection between 25OHD and endometriosis remains uncertain, as it is yet to be determined whether one directly influences the other. The objective of our research was to investigate the cause-and-effect connection between 25OHD and endometriosis. The study employed Mendelian randomization (MR) in a bidirectional two-sample investigation to examine the causal relationship between 25OHD and endometriosis. The analysis utilized the most recent publicly accessible statistics from the genome-wide association study (GWAS) encompassing 25OHD, endometriosis, and its five subtypes. The primary analytical approach employed was Inverse-Variance Weighting (IVW), accompanied by supplementary analysis methods including weighted median, MR-Egger, simple mode, and weighted mode. Furthermore, sensitivity analyses were conducted to assess the potential influence of heterogeneity and pleiotropy on the MR outcomes. MR primary analysis showed no significant causal effect of 25OHD on endometriosis (OR = 0.892, 95%CI = 0.745 ~ 1.068, P = 0.213). Similarly, there was no evidence to support a causal relationship of endometriosis on 25OHD (IVW Beta = 0.005, 95%CI = 0.993 ~ 1.018, P = 0.406). However, when conducting MR analysis on different subtypes of endometriosis and 25OHD, we found a positive correlation between endometriosis of ovary and 25OHD level (IVW Beta = 0.012, 95%CI = 1.002 ~ 1.022, P = 0.024). This study indicates that there is no causal relationship between serum 25OHD and endometriosis. However, it is important to note that serum 25OHD levels will increase in patients with endometriosis of the ovary. Further observational studies and clinical trials are indispensable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Pan
- Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Pan Li
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoling Dai
- Shanghai Putuo Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Shiyun Xie
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Ursache A, Lozneanu L, Bujor IE, Mandici CE, Boiculese LV, Bausic AIG, Grigore M, Socolov D, Matasariu DR. Vitamin D-The Iceberg in Endometriosis-Review and Meta-Analysis. J Pers Med 2024; 14:119. [PMID: 38276241 PMCID: PMC10821152 DOI: 10.3390/jpm14010119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Although vitamin D has many known biological effects, very little research has been conducted on how vitamin D may be related or play a role in endometriosis. The aim of our study was to perform an evaluation regarding vitamin D levels and possible implications in endometriosis through a statistical analysis of the data collected from the included studies. (2) Methods: For this review, we searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Web of Science, and PubMed/Internet portal of the National Library of Medicine databases using several keywords related to our topic. (3) Results: Only nine articles were identified as complete or possessing the capacity to compute all available data. We totalized a number of 976 patients with endometriosis and 674 controls. From the nine studies included in our analysis, three of them claim there is no difference between women with and without endometriosis concerning 25(OH) vitamin D levels; however, the other six studies found significant differences regarding this aspect. (4) Conclusions: Our results underscored the complexity of analyzing the role of the vitamin D complex in a challenging condition like endometriosis and suggest that focusing on the tissue level might be essential to obtain accurate answers to our inquiries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Ursache
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy ‘Gr. T. Popa’, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (A.U.); (M.G.); (D.S.); (D.R.M.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cuza Vodă Hospital, 700038 Iasi, Romania
| | - Ludmila Lozneanu
- Department of Morpho-Functional Sciences I—Histology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy ‘Gr. T. Popa’, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Iuliana Elena Bujor
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy ‘Gr. T. Popa’, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (A.U.); (M.G.); (D.S.); (D.R.M.)
| | - Cristina Elena Mandici
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy ‘Gr. T. Popa’, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (A.U.); (M.G.); (D.S.); (D.R.M.)
| | - Lucian Vasile Boiculese
- Biostatistics, Department of Preventive Medicine and Interdisciplinarity, University of Medicine and Pharmacy ‘Gr. T. Popa’, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
| | | | - Mihaela Grigore
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy ‘Gr. T. Popa’, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (A.U.); (M.G.); (D.S.); (D.R.M.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cuza Vodă Hospital, 700038 Iasi, Romania
| | - Demetra Socolov
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy ‘Gr. T. Popa’, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (A.U.); (M.G.); (D.S.); (D.R.M.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cuza Vodă Hospital, 700038 Iasi, Romania
| | - Daniela Roxana Matasariu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy ‘Gr. T. Popa’, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (A.U.); (M.G.); (D.S.); (D.R.M.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cuza Vodă Hospital, 700038 Iasi, Romania
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Abramiuk M, Mertowska P, Frankowska K, Świechowska-Starek P, Satora M, Polak G, Dymanowska-Dyjak I, Grywalska E. How Can Selected Dietary Ingredients Influence the Development and Progression of Endometriosis? Nutrients 2024; 16:154. [PMID: 38201982 PMCID: PMC10781184 DOI: 10.3390/nu16010154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Endometriosis is a chronic, hormone-dependent disease characterized by the presence of endometrial tissue in ectopic locations. Since the treatment options for this disease are still limited, and the cure rate is unsatisfactory, the search for ways to treat symptoms and modify the course of the disease is of key importance in improving the quality of life of patients with endometriosis. So far, the literature has shown that nutrition can influence endometriosis through hormonal modification and altering the inflammatory or oxidative response. Since the importance of nutrition in this disease is still a subject of scientific research, we aimed to summarize the current knowledge on the role of dietary modifications in endometriosis. Our review showed that nutrients with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, including most vitamins and several trace elements, may influence the pathogenesis of endometriosis and can be considered as the nutrients preventing the development of endometriosis. However, despite the many discoveries described in this review, further interdisciplinary research on this topic seems to be extremely important, as in the future, it may result in the development of personalized therapies supporting the treatment of endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Abramiuk
- Independent Laboratory of Minimally Invasive Gynaecology and Gynaecological Endocrinology, Medical University of Lublin, Staszica 16 St., 20-081 Lublin, Poland; (G.P.); (I.D.-D.)
| | - Paulina Mertowska
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4a St., 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (P.M.); (E.G.)
| | - Karolina Frankowska
- 1st Chair and Department of Oncological Gynecology and Gynecology, Students’ Scientific Association, Medical University of Lublin, Staszica 16 St., 20-081 Lublin, Poland; (K.F.); (M.S.)
| | - Paulina Świechowska-Starek
- 1st Chair and Department of Oncological Gynaecology and Gynaecology, Medical University of Lublin, Staszica 16 St., 20-081 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Małgorzata Satora
- 1st Chair and Department of Oncological Gynecology and Gynecology, Students’ Scientific Association, Medical University of Lublin, Staszica 16 St., 20-081 Lublin, Poland; (K.F.); (M.S.)
| | - Grzegorz Polak
- Independent Laboratory of Minimally Invasive Gynaecology and Gynaecological Endocrinology, Medical University of Lublin, Staszica 16 St., 20-081 Lublin, Poland; (G.P.); (I.D.-D.)
| | - Izabela Dymanowska-Dyjak
- Independent Laboratory of Minimally Invasive Gynaecology and Gynaecological Endocrinology, Medical University of Lublin, Staszica 16 St., 20-081 Lublin, Poland; (G.P.); (I.D.-D.)
| | - Ewelina Grywalska
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4a St., 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (P.M.); (E.G.)
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Markowska A, Antoszczak M, Markowska J, Huczyński A. The Role of Selected Dietary Factors in the Development and Course of Endometriosis. Nutrients 2023; 15:2773. [PMID: 37375677 DOI: 10.3390/nu15122773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Endometriosis is a chronic disease with a complex, heterogeneous pathogenesis that affects about 10% of women of reproductive age, causing pain and leading to infertility. Treatment consists of administering pharmacological agents (resulting in a reduction of estrogen levels and inflammation), as well as the surgical removal of endometriotic lesions. Unfortunately, despite a wide range of available therapies, there is still a high recurrence rate after surgery. Consequently, it is necessary to improve the outcome of patients with endometriosis. In this context, there is growing interest in possible dietary modification to support or complement classic treatment options and even serve as a potential alternative to hormone therapy. In addition, a growing number of studies indicate positive effects of selected dietary factors on the development and course of endometriosis. This review article focuses on the potentially beneficial effects of compounds from the polyphenol group (curcumin, epigallocatechin gallate, quercetin, resveratrol), vitamins, and selected micronutrients on endometriosis. The results indicate the potential of the selected ingredients in fighting the disease. However, most of the studies have been performed on experimental animal models, with a smaller proportion looking at the actual effects of use among women. Therefore, well-designed studies are needed to assess the importance of a well-chosen diet and the effects of specific dietary factors on the health of women suffering from endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Markowska
- Department of Perinatology and Women's Health, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, 60-535 Poznań, Poland
| | - Michał Antoszczak
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Janina Markowska
- Gynecological Oncology Center, Poznańska 58A, 60-850 Poznań, Poland
| | - Adam Huczyński
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
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Rashidi N, Arefi S, Sadri M, Delbandi AA. Effect of active vitamin D on proliferation, cell cycle and apoptosis in endometriotic stromal cells. Reprod Biomed Online 2023; 46:436-445. [PMID: 36588053 DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2022.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
RESEARCH QUESTION What is the effect of vitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3) on proliferation, cell cycle and apoptosis of endometrial stromal cells (ESC) in endometriotic patients? DESIGN ESC isolated from 10 women with endometriosis and 10 healthy controls were treated with 1,25(OH)2D3. The proliferation of control endometrial stromal cells (CESC), eutopic endometrial stromal cells (EuESC) and ectopic endometrial stromal cells (EESC) was analysed 72 h after the treatment using methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium assay. Propidium iodide staining and flow cytometry were used to determine the cell cycle distribution in ESC. Annexin V/propidium iodide double staining was used to evaluate apoptosis in ESC. RESULTS In the presence of oestrogen, 1,25(OH)2D3 treatment inhibited the proliferation of ESC from all three origins (P = 0.009 for CESC, P = 0.005 for EuESC and P < 0.001 for EESC). The percentage of S phase cells in EESC was higher than in EuESC and CESC (P = 0.002 and P = 0.001, respectively). The percentage of S phase cells in EuESC was higher than in CESC (P = 0.005). The percentage of G1 phase cells in EESC was lower than that of EuESC and CESC (P = 0.003 and P = 0.002, respectively) and the percentage of G1 phase cells in EuESC was lower than that of CESC (P = 0.007). Moreover, 1,25(OH)2D3 inhibited cell cycle regardless of cell type (P = 0.002 in EESC, P = 0.001 in EuESC and P = 0.014 in CESC), but in the absence of oestrogen, inhibited cell cycle only in EuESC (P = 0.012). CONCLUSIONS Although 1,25(OH)2D3 increased apoptotic and necrotic cells and decreased live cells in the EuESC and EESC, it did not affect apoptosis in CESC and only increased necrotic cells. These findings indicate that 1,25(OH)2D3 potentially has a growth-inhibiting and pro-apoptotic effect on ESC from endometriotic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nesa Rashidi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Immunology Research Center, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soheila Arefi
- Bahman Hospital Infertility Center, Tehran, Iran; Genetics and In Vitro Assisted Reproductive (GIVAR) Center, Erfan Hospital, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Sadri
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Immunology Research Center, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali-Akbar Delbandi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Immunology Research Center, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Lu J, Ling X, Liu L, Jiang A, Ren C, Lu C, Yu Z. Emerging hallmarks of endometriosis metabolism: A promising target for the treatment of endometriosis. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2023; 1870:119381. [PMID: 36265657 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2022.119381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Endometriosis, characterized by ectopic endometrium growth in the extrauterine environment, is one of the most notable diseases of the female reproductive system. Worldwide, endometriosis affects nearly 10 % of women in their reproductive years and causes a significant decline in quality of life. Despite extensive investigations of endometriosis over the past years, the mechanisms of endometriosis pathogenesis remain unclear. In recent years, metabolic factors have increasingly been considered factors in endometriosis. There is compelling evidence regarding the progress of endometriosis in the context of severe metabolic dysfunction. Hence, the curative strategies and ongoing attempts to conquer endometriosis might start with metabolic pathways. This review focuses on metabolic mechanisms and summarizes current research progress. These findings provide valuable information for the non-intrusive diagnosis of the disease and may contribute to the understanding of the pathogenesis of endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayi Lu
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Xi Ling
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Lu Liu
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Aifang Jiang
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Chune Ren
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Chao Lu
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Zhenhai Yu
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong Province, PR China.
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Heidari S, Kolahdouz-Mohammadi R, Khodaverdi S, Mohammadi T, Delbandi AA. Changes in MCP-1, HGF, and IGF-1 expression in endometrial stromal cells, PBMCs, and PFMCs of endometriotic women following 1,25(OH)2D3 treatment. J Cell Mol Med 2022; 26:5634-5646. [PMID: 36259314 PMCID: PMC9667513 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
1,25(OH)2D3 has anti‐inflammatory and growth inhibitory effects. Our study explored the effect of 1,25(OH)2D3 treatment on the expression of monocyte chemotactic protein‐1 (MCP‐1), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), and insulin‐like growth factor‐1 (IGF‐1) by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), peritoneal fluid mononuclear cells (PFMCs), endometrial stromal cells (ESCs), and its effect on the proliferation of PBMCs and PFMCs of patients with endometriosis compared with controls. PBMCs, PFMCs, and ESCs were obtained from 10 endometriosis patients and 10 non‐endometriotic individuals. After treating cells with 0.1 μM of 1,25(OH)2D3 for 6, 24, and 48 h, the gene and protein expression of mentioned factors were evaluated by real‐time PCR and ELISA methods, respectively. 1,25(OH)2D3 treatment significantly reduced the protein expression of MCP‐1, HGF, and IGF‐1 in PBMCs and PFMCs of endometriotic patients at 48 h (p < 0.05–<0.01). Also, this treatment significantly reduced MCP‐1, HGF, and IGF‐1 gene and/or protein expression in EESCs and EuESCs at 24 and 48 h (p < 0.05–<0.01). 1,25(OH)2D3 treatment also reduced the proliferation of PBMCs and PFMCs of endometriotic patients compared with controls (p < 0.01). 1,25(OH)2D3 can be considered as a potentially effective agent in the prevention and treatment of endometriosis along with other therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahel Heidari
- Immunology Research Center, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Roya Kolahdouz-Mohammadi
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sepideh Khodaverdi
- Endometriosis Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tahereh Mohammadi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali-Akbar Delbandi
- Immunology Research Center, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Jafari M, Khodaverdi S, Sadri M, Moradi Z, Mohammadi T, Heidari S, Akhavan Sales Z, Delbandi AA. Association Between Vitamin D Receptor (VDR) and Vitamin D Binding Protein (VDBP) Genes Polymorphisms to Endometriosis Susceptibility in Iranian Women. Reprod Sci 2021; 28:3491-3497. [PMID: 33948927 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-021-00598-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Endometriosis is a chronic inflammatory disease that has been reported to be associated with immune system dysfunction. On the other hand, the effect of Vitamin D as an immune modulator and its relation with several autoimmune and inflammatory diseases has been previously investigated. Moreover, several studies have reported the polymorphisms of VDR and VDBP genes can change the functions of these molecules. Therefore, these polymorphisms may be influential on endometriosis pathogenesis. In this study, we aimed at evaluating the association between VDR gene (FokI (F/f), BsmI (B/b), ApaI (A/a), TaqI (T/t)), and VDBP gene (GC*1S, GC*1F, and GC*2) polymorphisms with endometriosis in Iranian women population. This case-control study was performed on 120 women with endometriosis and 110 healthy women. ARMS-PCR and PCR-RFLP methods were used to inspect polymorphisms in VDR and VDBP genes, respectively. Based on the results, there was no statistically significant difference between the cases with endometriosis and control subjects in terms of genotypes and allele frequencies of VDR and VDBP gene polymorphisms. These data suggest that VDR and VDBP gene polymorphisms may have no role in endometriosis susceptibility in Iranian women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Jafari
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Gerash University of Medical Sciences, Gerash, Iran.,Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sepideh Khodaverdi
- Endometriosis Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Sadri
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Moradi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tahereh Mohammadi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sahel Heidari
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zhima Akhavan Sales
- Department of immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Ali-Akbar Delbandi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. .,Immunology Research Center (IRC), Institute of Immunology and Infectious disease, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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