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Fan W, Li M, Leong F, Zhou M. West Meets East in a New Two-Polarities Model of Personality: Combining Self-Relatedness Structure With Independent-Interdependent Functions. Front Psychol 2021; 12:739900. [PMID: 34975629 PMCID: PMC8718866 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.739900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Self and relatedness are the two most essential dimensions of personality, as indicated in many personality theories, and have been supported by numerous empirical studies conducted in the western (individualistic) and eastern (collectivist) contexts. However, because of a confusion or failure to distinguish the structure and function of personality, popular theories (e.g., the Big Five model) do not make logic distinctions between these two basic personality dimensions. In terms of the cultural-relevant feature, both self and relatedness and their specific aspects may be variously highlighted in different cultural settings. On the basis of a re-examination of several crucial two-dimension (namely, self and relatedness) personality theories derived from the east and west, we reconstruct a new two polarities personality model to include not only self and relatedness but also the independent and interdependent functions in terms of some popular personality theories from western and eastern cultures. Theoretically and empirically, self and relatedness should be the basic structures of personality, whereas independence and interdependence should be the basic functions of personality. Self and relatedness have independent and interdependent functions; however, due to the cultural relevance of personality, the functions should be variously emphasized in different contexts. Several possible future research directions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiqiao Fan
- Research Institute for International and Comparative Education and Department of Psychology, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengting Li
- Faculty of Education, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Frederick Leong
- Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Mingjie Zhou
- Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China
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Baras S, Lekka D, Bokari M, Orlandou K, Arachoviti V, Roubi A, Tsaraklis A, Pachi A, Douzenis A. Investigation of the Relationship Between Aggression and Adult Attachment in Healthcare Professionals. Cureus 2021; 13:e19360. [PMID: 34909318 PMCID: PMC8653928 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.19360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Multiple references to the violent and especially difficult patient have been presented by the international literature. However, there is little literature on the aggressive behaviors of health professionals in their workplaces. The aim of this research is to record and correlate aggression and attachment type data of adult health professionals. Methods The sample includes 192 individuals (43 men and 149 women) health professionals in the private and public sector, aged 20 to 60 years, who were selected by the method of random sampling. The survey was conducted from February 2018 to May 2018. The Greek version of the Aggression Questionnaire and the Greek version of the Revised Experiences in Close Relationships (G-ECR-R) self-report inventory were used and the analysis was performed with the Statistical Package of Social Sciences (SPSS 26) (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY). Results The analysis shows that the dimension of avoidance has a positive correlation with hostility and physical aggression and the dimension of stress has a positive correlation with anger, physical aggression and hostility. It also seems that the stress dimension of the adult attachment contributes significantly positively to the prediction of anger and the stress dimension contributes significantly to the prediction of hostility. The dimension of avoiding adult attachment contributes significantly to the prediction of physical aggression. Conclusions To our knowledge, no studies were found in the literature to examine the relationship between the subscales of aggression and dimensions of attachment. It is important that violence in the workplace is recognized as an underlying occupational risk and not just as a matter of criminal law. Finally, more research is needed to study the phenomenon in order to make it more understandable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spyros Baras
- Department of Psychiatry, Sotiria Thoracic Diseases Hospital of Athens, Athens, GRC
| | - Dimitra Lekka
- Department of Psychiatry, Sotiria Thoracic Diseases Hospital of Athens, Athens, GRC
| | - Maria Bokari
- Mental Health - Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT), The 417 Army Equity Fund Hospital (417 Νοσηλευτικό Ίδρυμα Μετοχικού Ταμείου Στρατού) (NIMTS), Athens, GRC
| | | | - Vasileia Arachoviti
- Department of Psychology, Panteion University of Social and Political Sciences, Athens, GRC
| | - Aikaterini Roubi
- Department of Psychiatry, Sotiria Thoracic Diseases Hospital of Athens, Athens, GRC
| | | | - Argiro Pachi
- Department of Psychiatry, Sotiria Hospital, Athens, GRC
| | - Athanasios Douzenis
- Department of Psychiatry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Athens, GRC
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Leutritz AL, Colic L, Borchardt V, Cheng X, Zhang B, Lison S, Frommer J, Buchheim A, Strauss B, Fonagy P, Nolte T, Walter M. Attachment-specific speech patterns induce dysphoric mood changes in the listener as a function of individual differences in attachment characteristics and psychopathology. Psychol Psychother 2020; 93:754-776. [PMID: 31746134 DOI: 10.1111/papt.12258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Early childhood experiences influence cognitive-emotional development, with insecure attachment predisposing to potential psychopathologies. We investigated whether narratives containing attachment-specific speech patterns shape listeners' emotional responses and social intentions. DESIGN First, 149 healthy participants listened to three narratives characteristic for secure, insecure-preoccupied, and insecure-dismissing attachment. Following each narrative, the well-being and interpersonal reactivity as a particular aspect of emotional reactivity of the listener were assessed. Likewise, psychopathological aspects of personality were evaluated. A follow-up study compared 10 psychosomatic patients with a current depressive episode and/or personality disorder with distinct depressive symptoms and 10 age- and gender-matched healthy controls. METHODS Effects of narratives on listeners' mental state were tested with repeated-measures AN(C)OVA. Mediating effects in the listener (attachment characteristics in the context of personality traits) were explored. Narrative effects were compared between patients and controls. RESULTS Listening to insecure attachment narratives reduced well-being in controls. Nevertheless, tendency for social interaction was highest following the insecure-preoccupied narrative. Importantly, listeners' individual attachment characteristics mediated the relationship between well-being/interpersonal reactivity following the insecure-preoccupied narrative and levels of psychopathology. Furthermore, compared with healthy participants, patients showed higher emotional reactivity following exposure to the insecure-preoccupied narrative, represented by lower well-being and lower estimation of friendliness towards the narrator. CONCLUSIONS Exposure to attachment-specific speech patterns can result in dysphoric mood changes. Specifically, the insecure-preoccupied narrative influenced the listeners' emotional state, which was further mediated by the individual attachment patterns and psychopathological personality characteristics. This deepens the understanding of interpersonal processes, especially in psychotherapeutic settings. PRACTITIONER POINTS In clinical populations, insecure-preoccupied attachment has a high prevalence. In this study, listening to a narrative characteristic of insecure-preoccupied speech patterns resulted in reduced well-being in healthy listeners. Patients with depressive symptoms showed a higher emotional reactivity towards the insecure-preoccupied narrative compared to healthy controls. While working on (childhood) traumata, for example, in group therapy or inpatient settings, therapists should raise awareness to possible mood changes through discourse-conveyed attachment characteristics in listeners as a 'side effect'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Linda Leutritz
- Clinical Affective Neuroimaging Laboratory, Magdeburg, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Lejla Colic
- Clinical Affective Neuroimaging Laboratory, Magdeburg, Germany.,Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Viola Borchardt
- Clinical Affective Neuroimaging Laboratory, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Xuemei Cheng
- Department of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Beijing Polytechnic College, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou, China
| | - Sarah Lison
- Department of Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Jörg Frommer
- Department of Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Anna Buchheim
- Institute of Psychology, University of Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Bernhard Strauss
- Institute of Psychosocial Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Jena, Germany
| | - Peter Fonagy
- Research Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, UK.,Anna Freud National Centre for Children and Families, London, UK
| | - Tobias Nolte
- Anna Freud National Centre for Children and Families, London, UK.,Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, University College London, UK
| | - Martin Walter
- Clinical Affective Neuroimaging Laboratory, Magdeburg, Germany.,Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany.,Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, Germany.,Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Magdeburg, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Jena, Germany
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The relationship between attachment styles and internalizing/externalizing problems: The mediating role of self-criticism. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-019-00174-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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5
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Otani K, Suzuki A, Matsumoto Y, Shirata T. Strong correlation between the self-model/other-model system and the anxiety/avoidance system assessing basic attachment dimensions. J Affect Disord 2018; 237:35-36. [PMID: 29758448 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2018.04.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Koichi Otani
- Department of Psychiatry, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Akihito Suzuki
- Department of Psychiatry, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Japan
| | | | - Toshinori Shirata
- Department of Psychiatry, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Japan
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Hengartner MP. The Evolutionary Life History Model of Externalizing Personality: Bridging Human and Animal Personality Science to Connect Ultimate and Proximate Mechanisms Underlying Aggressive Dominance, Hostility, and Impulsive Sensation Seeking. REVIEW OF GENERAL PSYCHOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1037/gpr0000127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The present work proposes an evolutionary model of externalizing personality that defines variation in this broad psychobiological phenotype resulting from genetic influences and a conditional adaptation to high-risk environments with high extrinsic morbidity-mortality. Due to shared selection pressure, externalizing personality is coadapted to fast life history strategies and maximizes inclusive fitness under adverse environmental conditions by governing the major trade-offs between reproductive versus somatic functions, current versus future reproduction, and mating versus parenting efforts. According to this model, externalizing personality is a regulatory device at the interface between the individual and its environment that is mediated by 2 overlapping psychobiological systems, that is, the attachment and the stress-response system. The attachment system coordinates interpersonal behavior and intimacy in close relationships and the stress-response system regulates the responsivity to environmental challenge and both physiological and behavioral reactions to stress. These proximate mechanisms allow for the integration of neuroendocrinological processes underlying interindividual differences in externalizing personality. Hereinafter I further discuss the model's major implications for personality psychology, psychiatry, and public health policy.
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Luyten P. Personality, Psychopathology, and Health Through the Lens of Interpersonal Relatedness and Self-Definition. J Am Psychoanal Assoc 2017; 65:473-489. [PMID: 28899197 DOI: 10.1177/0003065117712518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Sidney Blatt's seminal contributions in the domain of personality development, psychopathology, and health rank among the best researched and most empirically supported theories in psychoanalysis. Blatt is known primarily for his two-polarities model of personality development, which he viewed as evolving through a dialectical, synergistic interaction between two fundamental processes across the lifespan: the development of interpersonal relatedness on the one hand, and of self-definition on the other. In this model, psychopathology is viewed as an attempt to find a balance, however distorted, between relatedness and self-definition. Neurobiological research has confirmed the intrinsic dialectical relationship between these two processes in the development of the neural circuits subserving these capacities, a finding with important implications for physical health. Research relevant to these ideas is reviewed, and the influence that Blatt's approach has had in reintroducing psychodynamic factors into contemporary psychology and psychiatry, as reflected in DSM-5, is discussed.
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Falgares G, De Santis S, Gullo S, Kopala-Sibley DC, Scrima F, Livi S. Psychometric Aspects of the Depressive Experiences Questionnaire: Implications for Clinical Assessment and Research. J Pers Assess 2017; 100:207-218. [PMID: 28296508 DOI: 10.1080/00223891.2017.1282493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The Depressive Experiences Questionnaire (DEQ) is a self-report measure that assesses self-criticism and dependency, 2 personality traits that confer vulnerability to depression (Blatt, 2004 ). Over several decades, different, shortened versions of the DEQ have been constructed to offer an alternative to the complex scoring procedure of the original DEQ. This study explores the factor structure as well as the construct and convergent validity of the DEQ by comparing a clinical and nonclinical sample. We also compared the original DEQ with 5 shortened versions. There were 621 participants (358 university students and 263 outpatients). Fit indexes for models of the original DEQ did not meet minimum fit criteria. Moreover, the only versions with satisfactory fit were the Theoretical Depressive Experiences Questionnaire-21 (TDEQ-21) and the Theoretical Depressive Experiences Questionnaire-12 (TDEQ-12), which also showed acceptable construct and convergent validity. Finally, the diagnostic and clinical applicability of the DEQ is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Falgares
- a Department of Psychological, Pedagogical, and Educational Sciences , University of Palermo , Italy
| | - Sandro De Santis
- a Department of Psychological, Pedagogical, and Educational Sciences , University of Palermo , Italy
| | - Salvatore Gullo
- b Faculty of Psychology, University Nicolò Cusano , Rome , Italy
| | | | - Fabrizio Scrima
- d Department of Psychology , University of Rouen Normandy , France
| | - Stefano Livi
- e Department of Social and Developmental Psychology , University of Rome "La Sapienza" , Rome , Italy
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Luyten P, Blatt SJ. A Hierarchical Multiple-Level Approach to the Assessment of Interpersonal Relatedness and Self-Definition: Implications for Research, Clinical Practice, andDSMPlanning. J Pers Assess 2015; 98:5-13. [DOI: 10.1080/00223891.2015.1091773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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10
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Henriques-Calado J, Duarte-Silva ME, Campos RC, Junqueira D, Sacoto C, Keong AM. Personality disorders as an expression of the dimensional polarity in personality development in late adulthood women. Bull Menninger Clin 2014; 78:283-300. [PMID: 25495434 DOI: 10.1521/bumc.2014.78.4.283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Relationships between Axis II personality disorders and Sidney Blatt constructs of dependency and self-criticism were explored in a late adulthood women sample. The sample consisted of 102 women (M = 72.07 years of age, SD = 7.04) who were administered two measures, the Personality Diagnostic Questionnaire-4+ and the Depressive Experiences Questionnaire. The histrionic, dependent, and obsessive-compulsive personality disorder scales are shown to be significant predictors of dependency, and the narcissistic, borderline, and avoidant scales are significant predictors of self-criticism. The application of a dimensional interpersonal approach to psychopathology is discussed.
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Longitudinal dynamics of depressogenic personality and attachment dimensions in adolescence: an examination of associations with changes in depressive symptoms. J Youth Adolesc 2012; 42:1128-44. [PMID: 23864248 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-012-9879-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2012] [Accepted: 11/23/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Depressogenic personality and attachment are two major factors related to the development of adolescents' depressive symptoms. However, no previous longitudinal studies have examined simultaneously both vulnerability factors in relationship to depressive symptoms. The present study examined associations between intra-individual change in adolescents' depressogenic personality orientations (i.e., sociotropy and autonomy), dimensions of mother-adolescent attachment (i.e., anxiety and avoidance), and depressive symptoms. The sample of the present research consisted of 289 high school students (mean age = 12.51 years at Time 1, 66% female) participating in a 3-wave cohort-sequential design. Latent growth curve modeling revealed no significant intra-individual change in depressogenic personality orientations but significant changes in dimensions of attachment and symptoms of depression. Initial levels of sociotropy were not related significantly to changes in attachment dimensions and depressive symptoms. High initial levels of autonomy were associated with increases in attachment anxiety, attachment avoidance, and depressive symptoms. In addition, results suggested that the association between initial levels of autonomy and increases in depressive symptoms was mediated by increases in attachment anxiety and avoidance. The discussion focuses on the status of depressogenic personality and attachment as risk factors for depression.
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Del Giudice M. Sex differences in romantic attachment: a meta-analysis. PERSONALITY AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY BULLETIN 2011; 37:193-214. [PMID: 21239594 DOI: 10.1177/0146167210392789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This article presents the first meta-analysis of sex differences in the avoidance and anxiety dimensions of adult romantic attachment, based on 113 samples (N = 66,132) from 100 studies employing two-dimensional romantic attachment questionnaires (Experiences in Close Relationships, Experiences in Close Relationships-Revised, and Adult Attachment Questionnaire). Overall, males showed higher avoidance and lower anxiety than females, with substantial between-study heterogeneity. Sex differences were much larger in community samples (bivariate D = .28) than in college samples (D = .12); web-based studies showed the smallest sex differences (D = .07) in the opposite direction. Sex differences also varied across geographic regions (overall Ds = .10 to .34). Sex differences in anxiety peaked in young adulthood, whereas those in avoidance increased through the life course. The relevance of these findings for evolutionary models of romantic attachment is discussed, and possible factors leading to underestimation of sex differences are reviewed.
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Bosmans G, Braet C, Van Vlierberghe L. Attachment and symptoms of psychopathology: early maladaptive schemas as a cognitive link? Clin Psychol Psychother 2011; 17:374-85. [PMID: 20013761 DOI: 10.1002/cpp.667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated whether early maladaptive schemas can explain the relation between attachment anxiety and avoidance dimensions and symptoms of psychopathology. For this purpose, 289 Flemish, Dutch-speaking, late adolescents participated on a questionnaire study. Using a non-parametric re-sampling approach, we investigated whether the association between attachment and psychopathology was mediated by early maladaptive schemas. Results indicate that the association between attachment anxiety and psychopathology is fully mediated by cognitions regarding rejection and disconnection and other-directedness. The association between attachment avoidance and psychopathology is partly mediated by cognitions regarding rejection and disconnection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guy Bosmans
- Department of Developmental, Personality, and Social Psychology, Ghent University, Belgium.
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Brenning K, Soenens B, Braet C, Bosmans G. The Role of Depressogenic Personality and Attachment in the Intergenerational Similarity of Depressive Symptoms: A Study With Early Adolescents and Their Mothers. PERSONALITY AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY BULLETIN 2011; 37:284-97. [DOI: 10.1177/0146167210393533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Parental depression has been identified as a risk factor for psychopathology in children, and for child depression in particular. Increasingly, research is addressing the underlying psychological processes that may explain the intergenerational similarity of depressive symptoms. In the present study, we aim to investigate the role of two theoretically relevant vulnerability factors in this intergenerational similarity, that is, (a) dimensions of depressogenic personality (i.e., sociotropy and autonomy) and (b) dimensions of attachment (i.e., anxiety and avoidance). Results in a sample of early adolescents and their mothers show significant intergenerational similarity in both sets of vulnerabilities. Moreover, the intergenerational similarity of both vulnerability factors was found to account for the association between mothers’ and children’s depressive symptoms. Within each generation there were also meaningful and specific associations between dimensions of depressogenic personality and dimensions of attachment, with sociotropy being primarily related to anxiety and with autonomy being primarily related to avoidance.
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Luyten P, Blatt SJ. Integrating theory-driven and empirically-derived models of personality development and psychopathology: a proposal for DSM V. Clin Psychol Rev 2010; 31:52-68. [PMID: 21130936 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2010.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2010] [Revised: 08/26/2010] [Accepted: 09/10/2010] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Although there is growing consensus that the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) should replace the categorical view of mental disorders with a dimensional approach rooted in personality theory, no consensus has emerged about the dimensions that should be the basis of the new classification system. Moreover, recent attempts to bridge the gap between psychiatric nosology and personality theories have primarily relied on empirically-derived dimensional personality models. While this focus on empirically-derived personality theories may result in a psychometrically valid classification system, it may create a classification system that lacks theoretical and empirical comprehensiveness and has limited clinical utility. In this paper, we first argue that research findings increasingly suggest that an integration of theory-driven and empirically-derived models of personality development is not only possible, but also has the potential to provide a more comprehensive and clinically-relevant approach to classification and diagnosis than either approach alone. Next, we propose a comprehensive model of personality development and psychopathology based on an integration of contemporary theory-driven and empirically-derived models of personality. Finally, we outline the implications of this approach for the future development of DSM, and especially its potential for developing research that addresses the interactions between psychosocial and neurobiological processes implicated in personality development and psychopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Luyten
- Department of Psychology, University of Leuven, Belgium.
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Ho MY, Zhang H, Lin D, Lu A, Bond MH, Chan C, Friedman M. Saving graces: Impact of partner support and maternal attachment on partner attachments in an individualistic and a collectivist context. ASIAN JOURNAL OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2010. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-839x.2010.01297.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Blatt SJ, Zuroff DC, Hawley LL, Auerbach JS. The impact of the two-configurations model of personality development and psychopathology on psychotherapy research: Rejoinder to Beutler and Wolf. Psychother Res 2010; 20:65-70. [DOI: 10.1080/10503300903418239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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A structural-developmental psychodynamic approach to psychopathology: two polarities of experience across the life span. Dev Psychopathol 2009; 21:793-814. [PMID: 19583884 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579409000431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Consistent with principles of developmental psychopathology, this paper presents a broad psychodynamic structural developmental perspective that establishes conceptual continuities between processes of normal personality development, personality organization, concepts of psychopathology, and processes of therapeutic change. The major assumption of this approach is that personality development proceeds in a dialectic synergistic interaction between the development of capacities for interpersonal relatedness and the development of self-definition or identity. Extensive research demonstrates that these two dimensions define two broad types of personality organization, each with a particular experiential mode; preferred forms of cognition, defense, and adaptation; unique qualities of interpersonal relatedness and specific types of object and self-representation. Severe disruptions of this normal dialectic developmental process result in various forms of psychopathology organized in two basic configurations in which there is distorted defensive preoccupation, at different developmental levels, with one of these polarities (relatedness or self-definition) at the expense of the development of the other dimension. This paper reviews empirical findings supporting this approach to normal and disrupted personality development throughout the life cycle and considers its relationship to the internalizing-externalizing distinction in childhood and adolescence, attachment theory, and research on the interaction between biological and psychosocial factors in development across the life span. Finally, we discuss the implications of this approach for intervention and prevention.
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Blatt SJ, Luyten P. Depression as an Evolutionarily Conserved Mechanism to Terminate Separation Distress: Only Part of the Biopsychosocial Story? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/15294145.2009.10773594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Sibley CG, Duckitt J. Personality and prejudice: a meta-analysis and theoretical review. PERSONALITY AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY REVIEW 2008; 12:248-79. [PMID: 18641385 DOI: 10.1177/1088868308319226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 411] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Despite a substantial literature examining personality, prejudice, and related constructs such as Right-Wing Authoritarianism (RWA) and Social Dominance Orientation (SDO), there have been no systematic reviews in this area. The authors reviewed and meta-analyzed 71 studies (N = 22,068 participants) investigating relationships between Big Five dimensions of personality, RWA, SDO, and prejudice. RWA was predicted by low Openness to Experience but also Conscientiousness, whereas SDO was predicted by low Agreeableness and also weakly by low Openness to Experience. Consistent with a dual-process motivational model of ideology and prejudice, the effects of Agreeableness on prejudice were fully mediated by SDO, and those of Openness to Experience were largely mediated by RWA. Finally, the effects of Agreeableness and Openness to Experience were robust and consistent across samples, although subtle moderating factors were identified, including differences in personality inventory (NEO Personality Inventory-Revised vs. Big Five Inventory), differences across prejudice domain, and cross-cultural differences in Conscientiousness and Neuroticism. Implications for the study of personality and prejudice are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris G Sibley
- University of Auckland, Department of Psychology, Auckland, New Zealand.
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The boundaries between attachment and personality: Localized versus generalized effects in daily social interaction. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN PERSONALITY 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jrp.2008.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Sibley CG, Overall NC. Modeling the hierarchical structure of attachment representations: A test of domain differentiation. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2007.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Sibley CG, Overall NC. The boundaries between attachment and personality: Associations across three levels of the attachment network. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN PERSONALITY 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jrp.2006.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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