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Brauer K, Proyer RT. Interpersonal Perception of Adult Playfulness at Zero-Acquaintance: A Conceptual Replication Study of Self-Other Agreement and Consensus, and an Extension to Two Accuracy Criteria. J Pers 2024. [PMID: 39344628 DOI: 10.1111/jopy.12978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 09/14/2024] [Accepted: 09/16/2024] [Indexed: 10/01/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We replicated and extended previous research examining the accuracy of judgments of four facets of adult playfulness (Other-directed, Lighthearted, Intellectual, and Whimsical; OLIW) at zero-acquaintance. METHOD We conducted a conceptual replication study. One hundred sixty targets provided self-ratings for the OLIW facets, textual self-descriptions (≤ five sentences), daily self-ratings of playfulness for 14 consecutive days, and ratings by knowledgeable others. Six unacquainted judges provided rated targets' playfulness based on their self-descriptions. We replicated findings on trait-wise self-other agreement (SOA) and consensus and extended prior research by testing SOA for profiles of the four facets and two distinct accuracy criteria (i.e., targets' diary data and aggregates of targets' self-reports and those from knowledgeable others). RESULTS All interpersonal perception indicators showed that facets of playfulness can be perceived above chance (SOA ≥ 0.26; consensus ≥ 0.29, accuracies ≥ 0.16). SOA extends from single facets to profiles, also when controlling for stereotype effects. CONCLUSIONS Playfulness can be accurately observed from minimal textual information at zero acquaintance. Our study highlights the robustness of findings on the interpersonal perception of playfulness across samples and methods, and degrees of acquaintanceship. We discuss implications for playfulness in social relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kay Brauer
- Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - René T Proyer
- Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
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2
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Stoica T, Andrews ES, Deffner AM, Griffith C, Grilli MD, Andrews-Hanna JR. Speaking Well and Feeling Good: Age-Related Differences in the Affective Language of Resting State Thought. AFFECTIVE SCIENCE 2024; 5:141-159. [PMID: 39050037 PMCID: PMC11264499 DOI: 10.1007/s42761-024-00239-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Despite the prevalence and importance of resting state thought for daily functioning and psychological well-being, it remains unclear how such thoughts differ between young and older adults. Age-related differences in the affective tone of resting state thoughts, including the affective language used to describe them, could be a novel manifestation of the positivity effect, with implications for well-being. To examine this possibility, a total of 77 young adults (M = 24.9 years, 18-35 years) and 74 cognitively normal older adults (M = 68.6 years, 58-83 years) spoke their thoughts freely during a think-aloud paradigm across two studies. The emotional properties of spoken words and participants' retrospective self-reported affective experiences were computed and examined for age differences and relationships with psychological well-being. Study 1, conducted before the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, revealed that older adults exhibited more diversity of positive, but not negative, affectively tinged words compared to young adults and more positive self-reported thoughts. Despite being conducted virtually during the COVID-19 pandemic, study 2 replicated many of study 1's findings, generalizing results across samples and study contexts. In an aggregated analysis of both samples, positive diversity predicted higher well-being beyond other metrics of affective tone, and the relationship between positive diversity and well-being was not moderated by age. Considering that older adults also exhibited higher well-being, these results hint at the possibility that cognitively healthy older adults' propensity to experience more diverse positive concepts during natural periods of restful thought may partly underlie age-related differences in well-being and reveal a novel expression of the positivity effect. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s42761-024-00239-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teodora Stoica
- Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, 1503 E. University Blvd, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA
| | - Eric S. Andrews
- Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, 1503 E. University Blvd, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA
| | - Austin M. Deffner
- Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, 1503 E. University Blvd, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA
| | - Christopher Griffith
- Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, 1503 E. University Blvd, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA
| | - Matthew D. Grilli
- Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, 1503 E. University Blvd, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA
- Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Arizona, Tucso, AZ USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ USA
| | - Jessica R. Andrews-Hanna
- Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, 1503 E. University Blvd, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA
- Cognitive Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ USA
- Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Arizona, Tucso, AZ USA
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3
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Pipal C, Bakker BN, Schumacher G, van der Velden MACG. Tone in politics is not systematically related to macro trends, ideology, or experience. Sci Rep 2024; 14:3241. [PMID: 38331940 PMCID: PMC10853224 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-49618-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
What explains the variation in tone in politics? Different literatures argue that changes in the tone of politicians reflect changes in the economy, general language, well-being, or ideology. So far, these claims have been empirically tested only in isolation, in single country studies, or with a small subset of indicators. We offer an overarching view by modelling the use of tone in European national parliaments in 7 countries across 30 years. Using a semi-supervised sentiment-topic model to measure polarity and arousal in legislative debates, we show in a preregistered multiverse analysis that the tone in legislative debates is not systematically related to previously claimed factors. We also replicate the absence of such systematic relationships using national leader speeches and parties' election manifestos. There is also no universal trend towards more negativity or emotionality in political language. Overall, our results highlight the importance of multi-lingual and cross-country multiverse analyses for generalizing findings on emotions in politics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Pipal
- Department of Communication and Media Research, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Bert N Bakker
- Amsterdam School of Communication Research, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gijs Schumacher
- Department of Political Science, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Bond GD, Speller LF, Cockrell LL, Webb KG, Sievers JL. 'Sleepy Joe' and 'Donald, King of Whoppers': Reality Monitoring and Verbal Deception in the 2020 U.S. Presidential Election Debates. Psychol Rep 2023; 126:3090-3103. [PMID: 35634896 DOI: 10.1177/00332941221105212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
The 2020 U.S. Presidential election was a campaign that could be characterized as 'one of the nastiest presidential campaigns in recent memory,' partly because the general election debates were highly contentious and featured frequent interruptions and several insults and invectives between candidates. This research compared the language used in the debates to fact-checked truths and lies using a Reality Monitoring (RM) deception detection algorithm in Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count (LIWC) to investigate the veracity of real-life high-stakes verbal messages in the political context. We found that overall RM scores were lower and not significantly different between debate language and fact-checked lies, and RM scores were significantly higher in fact-checked truth statements, indicating that most debate language uttered was deceptive. This result supports the finding that the RM algorithm in LIWC distinguishes truth from lies and debate language in the context of politics. The 60.7% classification rate in this study may reflect a problem with the relatively short word counts of fact-checked lie and truth statements, but most probably reflects individual candidates' deviations in RM features used in their statements. Each individual has a style that they use in communication-'the way people talk and write have been recognized as stamps of individual identity.' Even with a corpus of many statements from the same individual candidates, they probably regularly amplify certain features of RM and diminish other features of RM in their truthful and deceptive messages. This is a fruitful area of research that could be explored in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary D Bond
- Department of Psychology, Eastern New Mexico University, Portales, NM, USA
| | - Lassiter F Speller
- Department of Psychology, Eastern New Mexico University, Portales, NM, USA
| | - Lauren L Cockrell
- Department of Psychology, Eastern New Mexico University, Portales, NM, USA
| | - Katelynn G Webb
- Department of Psychology, Eastern New Mexico University, Portales, NM, USA
| | - Jaci L Sievers
- Department of Psychology, Eastern New Mexico University, Portales, NM, USA
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5
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Azadeh Mafi N, Nahidi Y, Layegh P, Khadem Rezayian M, Nahidi M. Quality of Life, Body Image and Personality Traits Among Women Receiving Botulinum Toxin Type a for Cosmetic Purposes. Aesthetic Plast Surg 2023; 47:1542-1549. [PMID: 36513878 PMCID: PMC9747259 DOI: 10.1007/s00266-022-03199-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The demand for minimally invasive cosmetic procedures has rampantly increased in recent decades. The aim of this study was to evaluate the body image, personality traits and quality of life (QoL) in women consuming botulinum toxin type A for cosmetic purposes. METHODS This case-control study was conducted on 89 participants referring to outpatient dermatology clinics in Mashhad from 2019 to 2021. All participants completed a checklist of demographic and clinical characteristics, as well as three other questionnaires, including the World-Health-Organization Quality of Life-Short Form, Big 5 Inventory-10 (BFI-10) and Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale modified for body dysmorphic disorder (Y-BOCS-BDD). A control group of 101 sex and age-matched people from the general population also completed the questionnaires online. RESULTS All participants were females, and most of them in the case group were 31-50 years old (n = 68, 77.1%). Among the case group, QoL was reported higher in all domains; however, this was only significant in 'physical' (P = 0.003) and 'psychological' (P = 0.036) aspects. After considering the confounding factors, the case group was able to significantly predict increased QoL in the 'physical' (P = 0.019) and 'environmental' (P = 0.015) domains. In terms of BFI-10 scores, conscientiousness was notably higher among the case group (P < 0.001), while the control group scored slightly but significantly higher than the case group in neuroticism (P = 0.019). The control group scored significantly higher in Y-BOCS-BDD (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS In clients receiving botulinum toxin injection for cosmetic purposes, QoL was higher than in the control group. No signs of body dysmorphia or pathological personality traits were found in these individuals. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE IV This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Negin Azadeh Mafi
- Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Yalda Nahidi
- Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Pouran Layegh
- Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Majid Khadem Rezayian
- Clinical Research Development Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahsa Nahidi
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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6
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Crane PR, Ireland ME. Dominants, Submissives, and Bottom-up Text Analysis: Exploring BDSM Roles Through Romantic and Erotic Narratives. JOURNAL OF SEX RESEARCH 2023; 60:452-462. [PMID: 36018005 DOI: 10.1080/00224499.2022.2111400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Powerplay, or the consensual power exchange between "Dominant" and "submissive" (D/s) role partners, is common practice within BDSM culture. To many BDSM practitioners, their D/s role is an integral part of their sexual identity, informing not only their sexual scripts but also their non-sexual social interactions. Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count (LIWC) text analysis software was used to process 261 participants' responses to prompts asking them to write erotic and relationship-themed narratives. Using a data-driven approach to model selection, we regressed participants' engagement in BDSM and D/s powerplay role identification on standardized language frequencies. Stories from more active BDSM practitioners' narratives used more perceptual words, suggesting potentially mindful, intimate, and detailed storytelling, whereas non-practitioners used more tentativeness and death in their writings. Moreover, language reflected D/s role attributes, with Dominants exhibiting ownership, responsibility, and other-focus, and submissives referencing power dynamics and self-focus in their responses. Findings are consistent with existing literature on BDSM power relationships and relate to psychosexual well-being.
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7
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Hayden A, Hooley JM, Dougherty DD, Camprodon JA, Chou T. Neuroticism modulates the qualitative effects of inferior parietal tDCS on negatively-valenced memories. J Psychiatr Res 2023; 161:467-475. [PMID: 37060719 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2023.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2023]
Abstract
For individuals with increased levels of neuroticism, experiencing criticism or receiving negative feedback has been associated with worse psychological and cognitive outcomes. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) can change cognitive processes in clinical populations. We bilaterally stimulated the posterior inferior parietal lobule (pIPL), a critical superficial node of the default model network. We investigated how baseline neuroticism modulates the impact of bilateral tDCS to pIPL on qualitative measures of memory after hearing criticism, hypothesizing that cathodal stimulation of the IPL would offer qualitative memory improvements for individuals with higher levels of neuroticism. Ninety individuals from the community were randomly assigned to receive anodal, cathodal, or sham stimulation while they were exposed to critical comments before and after stimulation. Participants then recalled the critical comments, and their linguistic responses were analyzed using Pennebaker's Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count software, a quantitative analysis software for linguistic data. Results showed that for individuals receiving cathodal tDCS, higher neuroticism scores corresponded with greater proportions of non-personal language (i.e., words such as "us," "they," or "other" instead of "I" or "me") when recalling negative feedback. For individuals with higher neuroticism, cathodal tDCS stimulation, rather than anodal or sham, of the pIPL prompted increased emotional distancing and perspective taking strategies when recalling criticism. These results further highlight the state-dependent nature of tDCS effects and the role of the IPL in interpersonal processing - a clinically meaningful outcome that current tDCS studies solely examining quantitative measures of memory (e.g., task-based accuracy or speed) do not reveal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley Hayden
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, USA.
| | | | - Darin D Dougherty
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, USA
| | - Joan A Camprodon
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, USA
| | - Tina Chou
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, USA
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8
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Brunzel J. An empirical analysis of linguistic styles in new work services: The case of Fiverr.com. EUROPEAN MANAGEMENT REVIEW 2023. [DOI: 10.1111/emre.12562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Brunzel
- School of Business and Economics Philipps‐Universität Marburg Marburg Germany
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9
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Hollander J, Dark-Freudeman A. Psycholinguistic, Stroop, and self-report measurements of death anxiety: A study of convergent validity. DEATH STUDIES 2022; 47:1075-1081. [PMID: 36576111 DOI: 10.1080/07481187.2022.2160847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Death anxiety is commonly assessed using self-report surveys, but practitioners and researchers have recently established the need for implicit measures. However, many implicit measures lack sufficient evidence to support their construct validity. We examined two innovative implicit death anxiety measures (linguistic analysis and a Stroop paradigm) alongside a traditional self-report death anxiety survey battery. The linguistic analysis of death-related writing was supported by concurrent validity among death anxiety measures. We conclude that linguistic analyses of death-related writing may be a valid, viable, implicit measure of death anxiety which may be useful to both researchers and clinicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Hollander
- Department of Psychology, University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Alissa Dark-Freudeman
- Department of Psychology, University of North Carolina Wilmington, Wilmington, North Carolina, USA
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10
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Dai Y, Jayaratne M, Jayatilleke B. Explainable Personality Prediction Using Answers to Open-Ended Interview Questions. Front Psychol 2022; 13:865841. [PMID: 36467183 PMCID: PMC9716880 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.865841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work, we demonstrate how textual content from answers to interview questions related to past behavior and situational judgement can be used to infer personality traits. We analyzed responses from over 58,000 job applicants who completed an online text-based interview that also included a personality questionnaire based on the HEXACO personality model to self-rate their personality. The inference model training utilizes a fine-tuned version of InterviewBERT, a pre-trained Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT) model extended with a large interview answer corpus of over 3 million answers (over 330 million words). InterviewBERT is able to better contextualize interview responses based on the interview specific knowledge learnt from the answer corpus in addition to the general language knowledge already encoded in the initial pre-trained BERT. Further, the "Attention-based" learning approaches in InterviewBERT enable the development of explainable personality inference models that can address concerns of model explainability, a frequently raised issue when using machine learning models. We obtained an average correlation of r = 0.37 (p < 0.001) across the six HEXACO dimensions between the self-rated and the language-inferred trait scores with the highest correlation of r = 0.45 for Openness and the lowest of r = 0.28 for Agreeableness. We also show that the mean differences in inferred trait scores between male and female groups are similar to that reported by others using standard self-rated item inventories. Our results show the potential of using InterviewBERT to infer personality in an explainable manner using only the textual content of interview responses, making personality assessments more accessible and removing the subjective biases involved in human interviewer judgement of candidate personality.
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11
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Kroff SL, Coyne SM, Shawcroft J, Sheppard JA, James SL, Ehrenreich SE, Underwood M. Associations between sexual music lyrics and sexting across adolescence. COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2022.107562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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12
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A Failed Cross-Validation Study on the Relationship between LIWC Linguistic Indicators and Personality: Exemplifying the Lack of Generalizability of Exploratory Studies. PSYCH 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/psych4040059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Previous meta-analytic research found small to moderate relationships between the Big Five personality traits and different linguistic computational indicators. However, previous studies included multiple linguistic indicators to predict personality from an exploratory framework. The aim of this study was to conduct a cross-validation study analyzing the relationships between language indicators and personality traits to test the generalizability of previous results; (2) Methods: 643 Spanish undergraduate students were tasked to write a self-description in 500 words (which was evaluated with the LIWC) and to answer a standardized Big Five questionnaire. Two different analytical approaches using multiple linear regression were followed: first, using the complete data and, second, by conducting different cross-validation studies; (3) Results: The results showed medium effect sizes in the first analytical approach. On the contrary, it was found that language and personality relationships were not generalizable in the cross-validation studies; (4) Conclusions: We concluded that moderate effect sizes could be obtained when the language and personality relationships were analyzed in single samples, but it was not possible to generalize the model estimates to other samples. Thus, previous exploratory results found on this line of research appear to be incompatible with a nomothetic approach.
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Kim Y. Personality of nonprofit organizations’ Instagram accounts and its relationship with their photos’ characteristics at content and pixel levels. Front Psychol 2022; 13:923305. [PMID: 36237665 PMCID: PMC9551347 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.923305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonprofit organizations (NPO) can utilize social networking sites (SNSs) for their activities. Like individual users, they can create SNS accounts, upload posts to show what they are doing, and communicate with other users. Thus, their accounts can be investigated from the same perspective of personality which has been one of the key lenses through which SNS posts of individual users was investigated. In the line of literature that analyzed the personality of non-human objects such as products, stores, brands, and websites, the present research analyzed the personality of NPOs’ Instagram accounts using an online AI service. Also, it investigated how their personality traits were related to the characteristics of the uploaded photos at content and pixel levels. The results of analysis of 223,446 photos on 177 Instagram accounts suggested that the personality of NPOs’ Instagram accounts can be summarized as being high in openness and agreeableness but low in extraversion and neuroticism. And it was found that openness and agreeableness were the personality traits that associated the most with the photo features. Also, the personality traits of NPOs’ Instagram accounts, except neuroticism, were predicted from the photo features with an acceptable level of accuracy. Implications of this research and suggestions for further research were presented.
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Spitzley LA, Wang X, Chen X, Burgoon JK, Dunbar NE, Ge S. Linguistic measures of personality in group discussions. Front Psychol 2022; 13:887616. [PMID: 36186305 PMCID: PMC9523152 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.887616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
This investigation sought to find the relationships among multiple dimensions of personality and multiple features of language style. Unlike previous investigations, after controlling for such other moderators as culture and socio-demographics, the current investigation explored those dimensions of naturalistic spoken language that most closely align with communication. In groups of five to eight players, participants (N = 340) from eight international locales completed hour-long competitive games consisting of a series of ostensible missions. Composite measures of quantity, lexical diversity, sentiment, immediacy and negations were measured with an automated tool called SPLICE and with Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count. We also investigated style dynamics over the course of an interaction. We found predictors of extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism, but overall fewer significant associations than prior studies, suggesting greater heterogeneity in language style in contexts entailing interactivity, conversation rather than solitary message production, oral rather than written discourse, and groups rather than dyads. Extraverts were found to maintain greater linguistic style consistency over the course of an interaction. The discussion addresses the potential for Type I error when studying the relationship between language and personality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee A. Spitzley
- Department of Information Security and Digital Forensics, University at Albany, SUNY, Albany, NY, United States
- *Correspondence: Lee A. Spitzley,
| | - Xinran Wang
- Department of Management Information Systems, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
- Center for the Management of Information Systems, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Xunyu Chen
- Department of Management Information Systems, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
- Center for the Management of Information Systems, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Judee K. Burgoon
- Center for the Management of Information Systems, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Norah E. Dunbar
- Department of Communication, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, United States
| | - Saiying Ge
- Department of Management Information Systems, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
- Center for the Management of Information Systems, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
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Brauer K, Sendatzki R, Proyer RT. Testing associations between language use in descriptions of playfulness and age, gender, and self-reported playfulness in German-speaking adults. Front Psychol 2022; 13:935009. [PMID: 36118454 PMCID: PMC9477000 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.935009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult playfulness describes individual differences in (re)framing everyday situations as personally interesting, and/or entertaining, and/or intellectually stimulating. We aimed at extending initial evidence on the interconnectedness between language use and adult playfulness by asking 264 participants (M = 26.5 years, SD = 9.7; 66.7% women) to provide written descriptions of their understanding of playfulness (mean length: 30.6 words; SD = 24.1) and collected self-reports of their playfulness. We used the Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count methodology to quantitatively analyze the language use in these descriptions and tested the associations with individual differences in participants’ age, gender, and playfulness. While higher expressions in all measures of playfulness did go along with writing more content when describing playfulness (rs = 0.13 to 0.25), facet-wise analyses revealed differential findings (e.g., intellectual playfulness relates to using words describing cognitive processes); but the effects were small. We found that being a women and younger age were related to writing longer texts (0.13 ≤ rs ≤ 0.24), and we discovered additional associations between certain LIWC categories and age and gender. Our study expands the knowledge about adult playfulness and its manifestations in natural language use. We embed our findings into previous research and discuss limitations and potential approaches for replication studies.
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16
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Fading Affect Bias in Mexico: Differential Fading of Emotional Intensity in Death Memories and Everyday Negative Memories. APPLIED COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/acp.3987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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17
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Jang J, Yoon S, Son G, Kang M, Choeh JY, Choi KH. Predicting Personality and Psychological Distress Using Natural Language Processing: A Study Protocol. Front Psychol 2022; 13:865541. [PMID: 35465529 PMCID: PMC9022676 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.865541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Self-report multiple choice questionnaires have been widely utilized to quantitatively measure one's personality and psychological constructs. Despite several strengths (e.g., brevity and utility), self-report multiple choice questionnaires have considerable limitations in nature. With the rise of machine learning (ML) and Natural language processing (NLP), researchers in the field of psychology are widely adopting NLP to assess psychological construct to predict human behaviors. However, there is a lack of connections between the work being performed in computer science and that of psychology due to small data sets and unvalidated modeling practices. Aims The current article introduces the study method and procedure of phase II which includes the interview questions for the five-factor model (FFM) of personality developed in phase I. This study aims to develop the interview (semi-structured) and open-ended questions for the FFM-based personality assessments, specifically designed with experts in the field of clinical and personality psychology (phase 1), and to collect the personality-related text data using the interview questions and self-report measures on personality and psychological distress (phase 2). The purpose of the study includes examining the relationship between natural language data obtained from the interview questions, measuring the FFM personality constructs, and psychological distress to demonstrate the validity of the natural language-based personality prediction. Methods Phase I (pilot) study was conducted to fifty-nine native Korean adults to acquire the personality-related text data from the interview (semi-structured) and open-ended questions based on the FFM of personality. The interview questions were revised and finalized with the feedback from the external expert committee, consisting of personality and clinical psychologists. Based on the established interview questions, a total of 300 Korean adults will be recruited using a convenience sampling method via online survey. The text data collected from interviews will be analyzed using the natural language processing. The results of the online survey including demographic data, depression, anxiety, and personality inventories will be analyzed together in the model to predict individuals' FFM of personality and the level of psychological distress (phase 2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihee Jang
- School of Psychology, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seowon Yoon
- School of Psychology, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Gaeun Son
- School of Psychology, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Minjung Kang
- School of Psychology, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Joon Yeon Choeh
- Department of Software, Sejong University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kee-Hong Choi
- School of Psychology, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
- KU Mind Health Institute, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
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Biswas K, Shivakumara P, Pal U, Chakraborti T, Lu T, Ayub MNB. Fuzzy and genetic algorithm based approach for classification of personality traits oriented social media images. Knowl Based Syst 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.knosys.2021.108024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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19
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Wisdom of words? Age differences in language and social media use in job applications. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-021-02646-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Heekerens JB, Eid M, Heinitz K, Merkle B. Cognitive-affective responses to online positive-psychological interventions: The effects of optimistic, grateful, and self-compassionate writing. Appl Psychol Health Well Being 2022; 14:1105-1128. [PMID: 35001547 DOI: 10.1111/aphw.12326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Growing evidence suggests that online positive-psychological interventions effectively increase well-being, and a wealth of evidence describes cognitive-affective responses to such interventions. Few studies, however, have directly compared responses across popular exercises such as the best-possible-self intervention, the gratitude letter, or self-compassionate writing. In addition, current evidence is ambiguous regarding the effects of potential moderator variables such as trait gratitude and emotional self-awareness. To address these issues, we randomized 432 German adults to perform either optimism, gratitude, self-compassion, or control writing interventions in an online setting. Participants reported trait gratitude and trait emotional self-awareness before the interventions, as well as momentary optimism, gratitude, self-compassion, positive affect, and current thoughts immediately after the interventions. Results indicate higher momentary optimism after the best-possible-self intervention and higher momentary gratitude after the gratitude letter than after the control task. There were no differences when comparing the best-possible-self intervention with the gratitude letter. Both interventions increased the number of positive self-relevant thoughts. The self-compassion condition showed no effects. Moderation analysis results indicate that neither emotional self-awareness nor trait gratitude moderated the intervention effects. Future studies should compare responses across different positive-psychological interventions using more comprehensive exercises to ensure larger effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Bodo Heekerens
- Department of Education and Psychology, Division of Methods and Evaluation, Freie Universitat Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Eid
- Department of Education and Psychology, Division of Methods and Evaluation, Freie Universitat Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kathrin Heinitz
- Department of Education and Psychology, Division of Methods and Evaluation, Freie Universitat Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Education and Psychology, Division of Work and Organizational Psychology, Freie Universitat Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Belinda Merkle
- Department of Education and Psychology, Division of Methods and Evaluation, Freie Universitat Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,School of Social Sciences, Chair of Educational Psychology, University of Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
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Ahmed ST, Feist GJ. The Language of Creativity: Validating Linguistic Analysis to Assess Creative Scientists and Artists. Front Psychol 2021; 12:724083. [PMID: 34867602 PMCID: PMC8639503 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.724083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was twofold: first, to be among the first attempts to validate linguistic analysis as a method of creativity assessment and second, to differentiate between individuals in varying scientific and artistic creativity levels using personality language patterns. Creativity is most commonly assessed through methods such as questionnaires and specific tasks, the validity of which can be weakened by scorer or experimenter error, subjective and response biases, and self-knowledge constraints. Linguistic analysis may provide researchers with an automatic, objective method of assessing creativity, and free from human error and bias. The current study used 419 creativity text samples from a wide range of creative individuals mostly in science (and some in the arts and humanities) to investigate whether linguistic analysis can, in fact, distinguish between creativity levels and creativity domains using creativity dictionaries and personality dimension language patterns, from the linguistic inquiry and word count (LIWC) text analysis program. Creative individuals tended to use more words on the creativity keyword dictionaries as well as more introversion and openness to experience language pattern words than less creative individuals. Regarding creativity domains, eminent scientists used fewer introversion, and openness to experience language pattern words than eminent artists. Text analysis through LIWC was able to partially distinguish between the three creativity levels, in some cases, and the two creativity domains (science and art). These findings lend support to the use of linguistic analysis as a partially valid assessment of scientific and artistic creative achievement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sana Tariq Ahmed
- Department of Psychology, San José State University, San Jose, CA, United States
| | - Gregory J Feist
- Department of Psychology, San José State University, San Jose, CA, United States
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Lau C, Chiesi F, Saklofske DH, Ruch W. The State-Trait Cheerfulness Inventory State Version-Short Form (STCI-S18): An Examination of Language Use and Psychometric Properties. J Pers Assess 2021; 104:548-558. [PMID: 34534029 DOI: 10.1080/00223891.2021.1955694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The State-Trait Cheerfulness Inventory-State Version (STCI-S) measures three states of cheerfulness, seriousness, and bad mood as the temperamental basis of humor. The present study investigates (1) the development and psychometric validation of a newly developed short version and (2) test-criterion validity with state measures and language use. Study 1 (N = 933) confirmed the three-dimensional structure, and both the short and standard versions demonstrated strong psychometric properties. Study 2 (N = 617) replicated these findings in a separate sample. Study 3 (N = 750) demonstrated expected intercorrelations with self-report state measures (i.e., inspiration, self-esteem, depression, anxiety). Participants were randomized to expressive writing conditions (i.e., writing about a retrospective cheerful, serious, or bad mood scenario). Unacquainted judges' and participants' ratings of three states in their respective scenarios converged (.44 < r < .62). Retrospective states cheerfulness, seriousness, and bad mood were associated with linguistic categories (e.g., emotional tone, clout, achievement, insight) identified in the Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count (LIWC) software. The impact of personality states on word usage may only be evident in specific contexts and situations. Presence of distinctive language use in these writing samples further demonstrated test-criterion validity and practicality of the STCI-S18.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloe Lau
- Department of Psychology, Western University, London, Canada
| | - Francesca Chiesi
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug, and Child's Health (NEUROFARBA), Section of Psychology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | | | - Willibald Ruch
- Personality and Assessment, Department of Psychology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Kop M, Read P, Walker BR. Pseudocommando mass murderers: A big five personality profile using psycholinguistics. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-019-00230-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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25
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Sakamoto M, Watanabe J, Yamagata K. Automatic Estimation of Multidimensional Personality From a Single Sound-Symbolic Word. Front Psychol 2021; 12:595986. [PMID: 33967880 PMCID: PMC8102050 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.595986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Researchers typically use the “big five” traits (Extroversion, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, Neuroticism, and Openness) as a standard way to describe personality. Evaluation of personality is generally conducted using self-report questionnaires that require participants to respond to a large number of test items. To minimize the burden on participants, this paper proposes an alternative method of estimating multidimensional personality traits from only a single word. We constructed a system that can convert a sound-symbolic word (SSW) that intuitively expresses personality traits into information expressed by 50 personality-related adjective pairs. This system can obtain information equivalent to the adjective scales using only a single word instead of asking many direct questions. To achieve this, we focused on SSWs in Japanese that have the association between linguistic sounds and meanings and express diverse and complex aspects of personality traits. We evaluated the prediction accuracy of the system and found that the multiple correlation coefficients for 48 personality-related adjective pairs exceeded 0.75, indicating that the model could explain more than half of the variations in the data. In addition, we conducted an evaluation experiment in which participants rated the appropriateness of the system output using a seven-point scale (with −3 as absolutely inappropriate and +3 as completely appropriate). The average score for 50 personality-related adjective pairs was 1.25. Thus, we believe that this system can contribute to the field of personality computing, particularly in terms of personality evaluation and communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maki Sakamoto
- Department of Informatics, The University of Electro-Communications, Chofu, Japan
| | - Junji Watanabe
- NTT Communication Science Laboratories, Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corporation, Atsugi, Japan
| | - Koichi Yamagata
- Department of Informatics, The University of Electro-Communications, Chofu, Japan
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Ambulatory assessment of language use: Evidence on the temporal stability of Electronically Activated Recorder and stream of consciousness data. Behav Res Methods 2021; 52:1817-1835. [PMID: 32016918 DOI: 10.3758/s13428-020-01361-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The ambulatory assessment offers a wide range of methods enabling researchers to investigate psychological, behavioral, emotional, and biological processes. These methods enable us to gather data on individual differences in language use for psychological research. Two studies were conducted with an aim to evaluate and compare the temporal stability of language measures extracted by LIWC software form data obtained by two frequently used methods for assessment of language use, i.e., Electronically Activated Recorder (EAR) and stream of consciousness (SOC) task. Additionally, we examined the amount of variance in language use (assessed by both methods) that can be attributed to intra-individual variability and stable individual differences. Study 1 was focused on investigating language use obtained from 74 respondents using the EAR for 3 consecutive days. Study 2 was conducted on 250 respondents participating in a SOC task where verbal production was collected at ten time points over a 2-month period. Results show that measures obtained using the SOC task have higher temporal stability and consistency, and to a certain extent enable better detection of individual differences. Taking into account certain situational variations improves the reliability of EAR measures.
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28
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Shyness prediction and language style model construction of elementary school students. ACTA PSYCHOLOGICA SINICA 2021. [DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1041.2021.00155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Brauer K, Proyer RT. Judging dispositions toward ridicule and being laughed at from short self-descriptions at zero-acquaintance: Testing self-other agreement, consensus, and accuracy. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN PERSONALITY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jrp.2020.104016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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30
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Chen J, Qiu L, Ho MHR. A meta-analysis of linguistic markers of extraversion: Positive emotion and social process words. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN PERSONALITY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jrp.2020.104035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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31
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Personality and Text: Quantitative Psycholinguistic Analysis of a Stylistically Differentiated Czech Text. PSYCHOLOGICAL STUDIES 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s12646-020-00553-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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Wang S, Chen X. Recognizing CEO personality and its impact on business performance: Mining linguistic cues from social media. INFORMATION & MANAGEMENT 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.im.2019.103173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Micro-Blog Sentiment Classification Method Based on the Personality and Bagging Algorithm. FUTURE INTERNET 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/fi12040075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrated learning can be used to combine weak classifiers in order to improve the effect of emotional classification. Existing methods of emotional classification on micro-blogs seldom consider utilizing integrated learning. Personality can significantly influence user expressions but is seldom accounted for in emotional classification. In this study, a micro-blog emotion classification method is proposed based on a personality and bagging algorithm (PBAL). Introduce text personality analysis and use rule-based personality classification methods to divide five personality types. The micro-blog text is first classified using five personality basic emotion classifiers and a general emotion classifier. A long short-term memory language model is then used to train an emotion classifier for each set, which are then integrated together. Experimental results show that compared with traditional sentiment classifiers, PBAL has higher accuracy and recall. The F value has increased by 9%.
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Do liberals and conservatives use different moral languages? Two replications and six extensions of Graham, Haidt, and Nosek’s (2009) moral text analysis. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN PERSONALITY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jrp.2019.103906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Rosen G, Kreiner H, Levi-Belz Y. Public Response to Suicide News Reports as Reflected in Computerized Text Analysis of Online Reader Comments. Arch Suicide Res 2020; 24:243-259. [PMID: 30636527 DOI: 10.1080/13811118.2018.1563578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Previous research has documented the rise in rates of suicidal behaviors following media reports of celebrity suicide. Whereas most research has focused on documenting and analyzing suicide rates, little is known about more subtle psychological effects of celebrity suicide on the public, such as despair and feelings of abandonment. The Internet has revolutionized the responses to news reports, enabling immediate and anonymous responses potentially reflecting these psychological processes. Thus, the current study explored the unique psychological impact of a celebrity suicide on the public by analyzing the big data of readers' comments to suicide news reports, using computational linguistics methods. Readers' comments (N = 14,506) to suicide news reports were retrieved from 4 leading online news sites. The comments were posted in response to 1 of 1 types of reports: a celebrity suicide (Robin Williams), a non-celebrity suicide, and general reports of suicide as a social phenomenon. LIWC software for computerized linguistic analysis was used to calculate the frequency of the various types of words used. Comparison of the responses to the 3 types of suicide reports revealed higher frequency of first-person pronouns and for emotionally charged words on comments to a celebrity suicide, compared with comments to the other types of suicide reports. The findings suggest that celebrity suicide news reports evoke the expression of positive emotions, possibly related to the venerated celebrity, alongside negative, internalized emotions, and feelings of social isolation. Theoretical, practical, and methodological implications are discussed.
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Pereira L, Sampson J, DiCola K. Factors Related to Linguistic Content in Video Narrative of Adolescents with Cancer and Healthy Controls. JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLINGUISTIC RESEARCH 2019; 48:1185-1201. [PMID: 31222472 DOI: 10.1007/s10936-019-09652-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A long history exists of the utilization of narratives to help young people cope with stress and illness. Research is beginning to focus on video based story-telling for the purpose of intervention, however little research has been conducted to look at factors that influence the narrative content of these films. As a pilot, and within the context of a larger study, the current research was conducted with n = 10 adolescents with cancer and n = 10 healthy peers exploring participant characteristics (e.g. personality, quality of life, etc.) and their relationship with linguistic consent of the film. Despite little to no differences identified in demographic characteristics, results identified distinct differences between each group, suggesting that linguistic aspects of film narratives differ in adolescents with and without cancer. This research can serve to motivate future directions of exploration surrounding the content of film narratives and their relationship to patient well-being.
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Kimball SH, Hamilton T, Benear E, Baldwin J. Determining Emotional Tone and Verbal Behavior in Patients With Tinnitus and Hyperacusis: An Exploratory Mixed-Methods Study. Am J Audiol 2019; 28:660-672. [PMID: 31430190 DOI: 10.1044/2019_aja-18-0136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this study was to evaluate the emotional tone and verbal behavior of social media users who self-identified as having tinnitus and/or hyperacusis that caused self-described negative consequences on daily life or health. Research Design and Method An explanatory mixed-methods design was utilized. Two hundred "initial" and 200 "reply" Facebook posts were collected from members of a tinnitus group and a hyperacusis group. Data were analyzed via the LIWC 2015 software program and compared to typical bloggers. As this was an explanatory mixed-methods study, we used qualitative thematic analyses to explain, interpret, and illustrate the quantitative results. Results Overall, quantitative results indicated lower overall emotional tone for all categories (tinnitus and hyperacusis, initial and reply), which was mostly influenced by higher negative emotion. Higher levels of authenticity or truth were found in the hyperacusis sample but not in the tinnitus sample. Lower levels of clout (social standing) were indicated in all groups, and a lower level of analytical thinking style (concepts and complex categories rather than narratives) was found in the hyperacusis sample. Additional analysis of the language indicated higher levels of sadness and anxiety in all groups and lower levels of anger, particularly for initial replies. These data support prior findings indicating higher levels of anxiety and depression in this patient population based on the actual words in blog posts and not from self-report questionnaires. Qualitative results identified 3 major themes from both the tinnitus and hyperacusis texts: suffering, negative emotional tone, and coping strategies. Conclusions Results from this study suggest support for the predominant clinical view that patients with tinnitus and hyperacusis have higher levels of anxiety and depression than the general population. The extent of the suffering described and patterns of coping strategies suggest clinical practice patterns and the need for research in implementing improved practice plans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne H. Kimball
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, College of Allied Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City
| | - Toby Hamilton
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Allied Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City
| | - Erin Benear
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, College of Allied Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City
| | - Jonathan Baldwin
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiation Sciences, College of Allied Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City
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Gruda D, Hasan S. Feeling anxious? Perceiving anxiety in tweets using machine learning. COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2019.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Sobol-Kwapińska M, Meisner M, Przepiórka A. Confronting Betrayal Experience and Time Perspective: Linguistic Analyses of Narrations About Thematic Apperception Card*. JOURNAL OF CONSTRUCTIVIST PSYCHOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/10720537.2019.1632760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Michał Meisner
- Department of Psychology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Aneta Przepiórka
- Department of Psychology, John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
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Smink WAC, Fox JP, Tjong Kim Sang E, Sools AM, Westerhof GJ, Veldkamp BP. Understanding Therapeutic Change Process Research Through Multilevel Modeling and Text Mining. Front Psychol 2019; 10:1186. [PMID: 31191394 PMCID: PMC6548879 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Online interventions hold great potential for Therapeutic Change Process Research (TCPR), a field that aims to relate in-therapeutic change processes to the outcomes of interventions. Online a client is treated essentially through the language their counsellor uses, therefore the verbal interaction contains many important ingredients that bring about change. TCPR faces two challenges: how to derive meaningful change processes from texts, and secondly, how to assess these complex, varied, and multi-layered processes? We advocate the use text mining and multi-level models (MLMs): the former offers tools and methods to discovers patterns in texts; the latter can analyse these change processes as outcomes that vary at multiple levels. We (re-)used the data from Lamers et al. (2015) because it includes outcomes and the complete online intervention for clients with mild depressive symptoms. We used text mining to obtain basic text-variables from e-mails, that we analyzed through MLMs. We found that we could relate outcomes of interventions to variables containing text-information. We conclude that we can indeed bridge text mining and MLMs for TCPR as it was possible to relate text-information (obtained through text mining) to multi-leveled TCPR outcomes (using a MLM). Text mining can be helpful to obtain change processes, which is also the main challenge for TCPR. We showed how MLMs and text mining can be combined, but our proposition leaves open how to obtain the most relevant textual operationalization of TCPR concepts. That requires interdisciplinary collaboration and discussion. The future does look bright: based on our proof-of-concept study we conclude that MLMs and text mining can indeed advance TCPR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wouter A. C. Smink
- Psychology, Health & Technology, University of Twente, Enschede, Netherlands
- Research Methodology, Measurement & Data Analysis, University of Twente, Enschede, Netherlands
| | - Jean-Paul Fox
- Research Methodology, Measurement & Data Analysis, University of Twente, Enschede, Netherlands
| | | | - Anneke M. Sools
- Psychology, Health & Technology, University of Twente, Enschede, Netherlands
| | - Gerben J. Westerhof
- Psychology, Health & Technology, University of Twente, Enschede, Netherlands
| | - Bernard P. Veldkamp
- Research Methodology, Measurement & Data Analysis, University of Twente, Enschede, Netherlands
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Tibubos AN, Köber C, Habermas T, Rohrmann S. Does self-acceptance captured by life narratives and self-report predict mental health? A longitudinal multi-method approach. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN PERSONALITY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jrp.2019.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Havigerová JM, Haviger J, Kučera D, Hoffmannová P. Text-Based Detection of the Risk of Depression. Front Psychol 2019; 10:513. [PMID: 30936845 PMCID: PMC6431661 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study examines the relationship between language use and psychological characteristics of the communicator. The aim of the study was to find models predicting the depressivity of the writer based on the computational linguistic markers of his/her written text. Respondents' linguistic fingerprints were traced in four texts of different genres. Depressivity was measured using the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21). The research sample (N = 172, 83 men, 89 women) was created by quota sampling an adult Czech population. Morphological variables of the texts showing differences (M-W test) between the non-depressive and depressive groups were incorporated into predictive models. Results: Across all participants, the data best fit predictive models of depressivity using morphological characteristics from the informal text "letter from holidays" (Nagelkerke r 2 = 0.526 for men and 0.670 for women). For men, models for the formal texts "cover letter" and "complaint" showed moderate fit with the data (r 2 = 0.479 and 0.435). The constructed models show weak to substantial recall (0.235 - 0.800) and moderate to substantial precision (0.571 - 0.889). Morphological variables appearing in the final models vary. There are no key morphological characteristics suitable for all models or for all genres. The resulting models' properties demonstrate that they should be suitable for screening individuals at risk of depression and the most suitable genre is informal text ("letter from holidays").
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jiří Haviger
- Department of Informatics and Quantitative Methods, University of Hradec Králové, Hradec Králové, Czechia
| | - Dalibor Kučera
- Department of Pedagogy and Psychology, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czechia
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Fabbro A, Crescentini C, D'Antoni F, Fabbro F. A pilot study on the relationships between language, personality and attachment styles: A linguistic analysis of descriptive speech. The Journal of General Psychology 2019; 146:283-298. [PMID: 30857496 DOI: 10.1080/00221309.2019.1570910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The present exploratory study investigated possible relationships between language and personality, attachment styles, and mindfulness disposition. Sixty-three participants were assessed through the Big-Five inventory questionnaire, the Attachment Style Questionnaire, and the Mindfulness Attention Awareness Scale, and then they were asked to look at a picture story and describe it. Narrations were analyzed through a multilevel approach: the number of verbal units and information units reported were counted; the Type/Token Ratio, disfluencies and errors of cohesion were also calculated. Results of hierarchical regression analyses showed that mindfulness and Extraversion were positively related to the number of information units reported about the story. Two dimensions of anxious attachment style presented opposite patterns of association with language expression: individuals high in Need for Approval tended to be more descriptive, while participants high in Preoccupation with Relationships reported less information. Results suggest that individuals' personality, relational histories, and self-awareness may significantly influence their verbal production.
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Qiu L, Chen J, Ramsay J, Lu J. Personality predicts words in favorite songs. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN PERSONALITY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jrp.2018.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Kurlak RM, McGlone MS, Vangelisti AL. Time Is on Our Side: Temporal Agency in Courtship Narratives. DISCOURSE PROCESSES 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/0163853x.2017.1306675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca M. Kurlak
- Department of Communication Studies, Moody College of Communication, The University of Texas at Austin
| | - Matthew S. McGlone
- Department of Communication Studies, Moody College of Communication, The University of Texas at Austin
| | - Anita L. Vangelisti
- Department of Communication Studies, Moody College of Communication, The University of Texas at Austin
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Adamopoulos P, Ghose A, Todri V. The Impact of User Personality Traits on Word of Mouth: Text-Mining Social Media Platforms. INFORMATION SYSTEMS RESEARCH 2018. [DOI: 10.1287/isre.2017.0768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Anindya Ghose
- Stern School of Business, New York University, New York, New York 10012; and Korea University Business School, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, South Korea
| | - Vilma Todri
- Goizueta Business School, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
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Schoch-Ruppen J, Ehlert U, Uggowitzer F, Weymerskirch N, La Marca-Ghaemmaghami P. Women's Word Use in Pregnancy: Associations With Maternal Characteristics, Prenatal Stress, and Neonatal Birth Outcome. Front Psychol 2018; 9:1234. [PMID: 30087634 PMCID: PMC6066569 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Experiencing high levels of stress during pregnancy can impair maternal well-being and fetal development. Consequently, unbiased assessment of maternal psychological state is crucial. Self-report measures are vulnerable to social desirability effects. Thus, implicit measures, such as word choice analysis, may offer an alternative. Methods: In this longitudinal online-study, 427 pregnant women described their emotional experiences in writing and additionally responded to self-report questionnaires assessing symptoms of prenatal stress and depression. The written texts were analyzed with a computerized text analysis program. After birth, 253 women provided information on birth outcome. Results: Word use differed significantly depending on maternal socioeconomic (e.g., marital status) and pregnancy-related characteristics (e.g., parity). Prenatal stress and depressive symptoms were associated with more frequent use of negative emotion words and words of anxiety, as well as with less first-person plural, but not singular pronoun use. Negative emotion and cognitive mechanism words predicted birth outcome, while self-report measures did not. Conclusion: In addition to self-report measures, word choice may serve as a useful screening tool for symptoms of depression and stress in pregnant women. The findings on pronoun use may reflect women’s changing experience of self-identity during the transition to motherhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Schoch-Ruppen
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,University Research Priority Program - Dynamics of Healthy Aging, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ulrike Ehlert
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,University Research Priority Program - Dynamics of Healthy Aging, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Franziska Uggowitzer
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,School of Social Work, Institute for Integration and Participation, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, Olten, Switzerland
| | - Nadine Weymerskirch
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Exploring adult Playfulness: Examining the accuracy of personality judgments at zero-acquaintance and an LIWC analysis of textual information. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN PERSONALITY 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jrp.2017.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Abstract
Although prior work has examined secret keeping, no prior work has examined who gets told secrets. Five studies find compassion and assertiveness predict having secrets confided in oneself (as determined by both self- and peer reports), whereas enthusiasm and politeness were associated with having fewer secrets confided. These results bolster suggestions that interpersonal aspects of personality (which can fit a circumplex structure) are driven by distinct causal forces. While both related to agreeableness, compassion (empathy and desire to help) predicts being confided in more, whereas politeness (concern with social norms and social rules) predicts being confided in less. Likewise, while both related to extraversion, assertiveness (having the agency and drive to help) predicts being confided in more, whereas enthusiasm (positive sociality) predicts being confided in less.
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