1
|
Ubalde J, Senar F, Lapresta C. Does interethnic contact buffer against the socialization of anti-immigrant prejudice? A test on the impact of parents', school and contextual countrywide attitudes on young people. SOCIAL SCIENCE RESEARCH 2024; 123:103057. [PMID: 39256021 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssresearch.2024.103057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 08/04/2024] [Indexed: 09/12/2024]
Abstract
Social science research has shown that interethnic contact reduces prejudiced attitudes. It has been also proven to successfully intervene in several mechanisms of prejudice formation such as when feelings of threat arise. However, there are few studies that examine the potential of interethnic contact in the reduction of prejudice transmission. Using data from PISA 2018, this article examines the impact that anti-immigrant attitudes from three socializing contexts (parents, school and country) have on young people's attitudes, as well as the capacity of interethnic contact to have a buffering effect against them. The results obtained from multilevel regression models show that the attitudes of parents, school and the broader social context of the country exert a notable influence on young people's attitudes. Our results also show that interethnic contact (friendships) lead to a reduction in anti-immigrant attitudes. However, such contact is only able to counteract contextual countrywide attitudes (not those of parents or school).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Josep Ubalde
- Universitat De lleida, Avinguda Estudi General, 4 25001, Lleida, Catalunya, Spain.
| | - Fernando Senar
- Universitat De lleida, Avinguda Estudi General, 4 25001, Lleida, Catalunya, Spain.
| | - Cecilio Lapresta
- Universitat De lleida, Avinguda Estudi General, 4 25001, Lleida, Catalunya, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Bobba B, Branje S, Crocetti E. Parents' and classmates' influences on adolescents' ethnic prejudice: A longitudinal multi-informant study. Child Dev 2024. [PMID: 38456479 DOI: 10.1111/cdev.14087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
The family and classroom are important contexts that can contribute to the socialization of ethnic prejudice. However, less is known about their unique, relative, and synergic contributions in influencing youth's affective and cognitive prejudice. The current longitudinal study examined these processes and possible moderators among 688 Italian youth (49.13% girls; Mage = 15.61 years), their parents (nmothers = 603, nfathers = 471; Mage = 49.51 years), and classmates between January/February 2022 and January/February 2023. Cross-lagged panel models highlighted that parents and classmates exert unique and relative influences on different dimensions of adolescents' prejudice. Additionally, different interaction effects also emerged for affective (i.e., adverse compensatory effect) and cognitive (i.e., amplifying effect) prejudice. Thus, adolescents draw from the multiple contexts of development to orient themselves in the social world.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Bobba
- Department of Psychology, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Susan Branje
- Department of Youth and Family, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Elisabetta Crocetti
- Department of Psychology, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
The moderating effects of group dominance and religiosity on the relationship between social rejection during school years and attitudes toward minorities in adulthood. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-03356-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
4
|
The Family Transmission of Ethnic Prejudice: A Systematic Review of Research Articles with Adolescents. SOCIAL SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/socsci11060236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
Ethnic prejudice is one of the most studied topics in social psychology. Empirical research on its development and intergenerational transmission is increasing but still scarce. This systematic review collected and analyzed psychosocial studies focused on the transmission of ethnic prejudice within families with adolescents. Specifically, it aimed at addressing the following research questions: (a) To what extent is there a vertical (between parents and children) and horizontal (between siblings) transmission of ethnic prejudice within the family? (b) Is this process unidirectional (from parents to children) or bidirectional (between parents and children)? (c) Which individual and/or relational variables influence this process? (d) Can adolescents’ intergroup contact experiences affect the family influence on adolescents’ ethnic prejudice? The literature search of four databases (Ebsco, Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science), carried out from February 2021 to May 2021, following the PRISMA guidelines, yielded 22 articles that matched the eligibility criteria. The findings highlighted a moderate bidirectional transmission of ethnic prejudice between parents and adolescents, which was influenced by several individual and relational variables (e.g., the adolescents’ age and sex and the family relationship quality). Moreover, the adolescents’ frequent and positive contacts with peers of different ethnicities reduced the parents’ influence on the adolescents’ ethnic prejudice. The findings are discussed, and their limitations and implications for intervention and future research are considered.
Collapse
|
5
|
Glover CS, Varner F, Holloway K. Parent socialization and anti-racist ideology development in White youth: Do peer and parenting contexts matter? Child Dev 2022; 93:653-667. [PMID: 35575149 PMCID: PMC10409607 DOI: 10.1111/cdev.13788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The development of anti-racist ideology in adolescence and emerging adulthood is informed by parent socialization, parenting style, and cross-race friendships. This study used longitudinal, multi-reporter survey data from White youth and their parents in Maryland to examine links between parents' racial attitudes when youth were in eleventh grade in 1996 (N = 453; 52% female; Mage = 17.12) and the youths' anti-racist ideology (acknowledgment of anti-Black discrimination and support for affirmative action) 1 year after high school in 1998. This study also examined whether these associations varied based on authoritative parenting and the number of cross-race friendships. Positive parent racial attitudes toward racially and ethnically minoritized populations predicted higher anti-racist ideology in the independent contexts of more cross-race friendships and low authoritative parenting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Fatima Varner
- Human Development and Family Sciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Kathleen Holloway
- Human Development and Family Sciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Turner RN, Hodson G, Dhont K. The role of individual differences in understanding and enhancing intergroup contact. SOCIAL AND PERSONALITY PSYCHOLOGY COMPASS 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/spc3.12533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Gordon Hodson
- Department of Psychology, Brock University St. Catharines Ontario Canada
| | - Kristof Dhont
- School of Psychology, University of Kent Canterbury UK
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zingora T, Graf S. Marry who you love: Intergroup contact with gay people and another stigmatized minority is related to voting on the restriction of gay rights through threat. JOURNAL OF APPLIED SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/jasp.12627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tibor Zingora
- Institute of Psychology Czech Academy of Sciences Brno Czech Republic
| | - Sylvie Graf
- Institute of Psychology Czech Academy of Sciences Brno Czech Republic
- Institute of Psychology University of Bern Bern Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Visintin EP, Green EGT, Falomir-Pichastor JM, Berent J. Intergroup contact moderates the influence of social norms on prejudice. GROUP PROCESSES & INTERGROUP RELATIONS 2019. [DOI: 10.1177/1368430219839485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
While previous research has examined social norms and intergroup contact as predictors of prejudice, there is limited research on their interplay in shaping intergroup attitudes. The results of five studies using correlational and experimental methods in different intergroup contexts consistently showed that the influence of intolerant (vs. tolerant) social norms on prejudice is reduced for people who have contacts with outgroup members. Studies 4–5 further showed that threat perceptions mediate the interaction effects between norms and contact on prejudice. Overall, the research program suggests that intergroup contact is a potent tool for reducing conformity to intolerant and antiegalitarian norms.
Collapse
|
9
|
Pirchio S, Passiatore Y, Panno A, Maricchiolo F, Carrus G. A Chip Off the Old Block: Parents' Subtle Ethnic Prejudice Predicts Children's Implicit Prejudice. Front Psychol 2018; 9:110. [PMID: 29479328 PMCID: PMC5811875 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The increasing flow of immigrants in many European countries and the growing presence of children from immigrant families in schools makes it relevant to study the development of prejudice in children. Parents play an important role in shaping children’s values and their attitudes toward members of other ethnic groups; an intergenerational transmission of prejudice has been found in a number of studies targeting adolescents. The present study aims to investigate the intergenerational transmission of ethnic prejudice in 3- to 9- year-old children and its relations to parenting styles. Parents’ blatant and subtle ethnic prejudice and parenting style are measured together with children’s explicit and implicit ethnic prejudice in pupils and parents of preschool and primary schools in the region of Rome, Italy (N = 318). Results show that parents’ subtle prejudice predicts children’s implicit prejudice regardless of the parenting style. Findings indicate that children might acquire prejudice by means of the parents’ implicit cognition and automatic behavior and educational actions. Implications for future studies and insights for possible applied interventions are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Pirchio
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Angelo Panno
- Department of Education, Roma Tre University, Rome, Italy
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Passiatore Y, Pirchio S, Carrus G, Maricchiolo F, Fiorilli C, Arcidiacono F. Intercultural practices and inclusive education in Europe: can migration be a resource for individual and societal development? EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY OF EDUCATION 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10212-017-0360-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
11
|
Poteat VP, Horn SS, Armstrong PI. Condoning discrimination: The effects of dominance and authoritarianism are moderated by different ways of reasoning about antigay discriminatory acts. GROUP PROCESSES & INTERGROUP RELATIONS 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/1368430216638528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Many studies have focused on mediated paths by which social dominance orientation (SDO) and right-wing authoritarianism (RWA) predict prejudice; fewer have identified factors that moderate their effects. We applied social cognitive domain theory to test whether different ways of reasoning about antigay discriminatory acts moderated the association between SDO, RWA, and condoning antigay discrimination. Moral reasoning (e.g., emphasizing fairness, equality) and personal reasoning (e.g., emphasizing individual interests, qualifications) attenuated the association between SDO, RWA, and condoning discriminatory resource denial in general and religious-specific contexts. Conventional reasoning (e.g., emphasizing group norms, rules) magnified the association between SDO, RWA, and condoning resource denial, but only in a religious-specific context. Findings highlight the need to examine moderators of SDO and RWA effects in effort to disrupt discrimination by those most likely to engage in it.
Collapse
|
12
|
Meeusen C, Dhont K. Parent–Child Similarity in Common and Specific Components of Prejudice: The Role of Ideological Attitudes and Political Discussion. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PERSONALITY 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/per.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Using a representative sample of Belgian adolescents (N = 1530) and both their parents, we investigated the parent–child similarity in prejudice towards different out–groups and ideological attitudes (right–wing authoritarianism and social dominance orientation). Contrary to previous studies, first, we distinguished between common and specific components of prejudice to test whether the parent–child similarity in one specific type of prejudice was symptomatic of parent–child similarity in prejudice towards out–groups in general. Second, we evaluated whether the parent–child similarity in common and specific components of prejudice was related to the parent–child similarity in ideological attitudes. Third, we investigated the moderating role of political discussion in the intergenerational framework of ideology and prejudice. Results indicated that parent–child similarity was particularly pronounced for the common rather than the specific component of prejudice and that the similarity in ideological attitudes was partly related to the similarity in the common component of prejudice. Finally, adolescents who discuss social and political issues more (versus less) frequently with their parents more strongly resembled their parents in the common component of prejudice and levels of authoritarianism. These results suggest that generalized prejudice runs in families and highlight politicization of the family as an important socialization mechanism. Copyright © 2015 European Association of Personality Psychology
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cecil Meeusen
- Centre for Sociological Research, University of Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kristof Dhont
- School of Psychology, University of Kent, UK
- Department of Developmental, Personality and Social Psychology, Ghent University, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
The parent–child similarity in cross-group friendship and anti-immigrant prejudice: A study among 15-year old adolescents and both their parents in Belgium. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN PERSONALITY 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jrp.2014.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
14
|
The intergenerational transmission of need for closure underlies the transmission of authoritarianism and anti-immigrant prejudice. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2012.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
15
|
Costello K, Hodson G. Explaining dehumanization among children: the interspecies model of prejudice. BRITISH JOURNAL OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2012; 53:175-97. [PMID: 23083220 DOI: 10.1111/bjso.12016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2012] [Accepted: 08/31/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Although many theoretical approaches have emerged to explain prejudices expressed by children, none incorporate outgroup dehumanization, a key predictor of prejudice among adults. According to the Interspecies Model of Prejudice, beliefs in the human-animal divide facilitate outgroup prejudice through fostering animalistic dehumanization (Costello & Hodson, 2010). In the present investigation, White children attributed Black children fewer 'uniquely human' characteristics, representing the first systematic evidence of racial dehumanization among children (Studies 1 and 2). In Study 2, path analyses supported the Interspecies Model of Prejudice: children's human-animal divide beliefs predicted greater racial prejudice, an effect explained by heightened racial dehumanization. Similar patterns emerged among parents. Furthermore, parent Social Dominance Orientation predicted child prejudice indirectly through children's endorsement of a hierarchical human-animal divide and subsequent dehumanizing tendencies. Encouragingly, children's human-animal divide perceptions were malleable to an experimental prime highlighting animal-human similarity. Implications for prejudice interventions are considered.
Collapse
|