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Sonsukong A, Vacshalathiti R, Kiratisin P, Richards J, Fong DTP, Sinsurin K. Ankle Biomechanics During Multidirectional Landings in Athletes With Chronic Ankle Instability. Foot Ankle Spec 2024; 17:249-258. [PMID: 37937743 DOI: 10.1177/19386400231208522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Assessing and understanding the control of the ankle during multidirectional jump landings in athletes with chronic ankle instability (CAI) would help health professionals develop interventions to reduce the risk of recurrent injuries. The aim of this study was to investigate the angle, angular velocity, and movements of the ankle joint, and the muscle activity of peroneus longus (PL), tibialis anterior (TA), and gastrocnemius (GAS) muscles during multidirectional landings in athletes with CAI. METHODS Nineteen athletes with CAI (≤25 Cumberland Ankle Instability Tool-Thai Score) participated. A Vicon Nexus motion analysis system synchronously collected data with an AMTI force plate and surface electromyography (EMG) to capture kinematics, kinetics, and muscle activity, respectively. Participants were asked to perform single-leg jump-landing tests in forward (0°), 30° diagonal, 60° diagonal, and lateral (90°) directions. Ankle joint kinematics, kinetics, and muscle activity of PL, TA, and GAS were analyzed. Repeated measure ANOVA (analysis of variance) and Friedman tests were used to analyze the main effects of the jump-landing direction. RESULTS Athletes with CAI exhibited significant differences in ankle angles, angular velocities, ankle movements, and average muscle activity of GAS between directions. Greatest average EMG of GAS muscle was observed during landing in the lateral direction compared with the forward and 30° diagonal directions. CONCLUSION Lateral and diagonal direction movements showed the greatest risks associated with recurrent ankle sprains. Impairments of neuromuscular control in both pre-landing and landing phases were observed in athletes with CAI when considered alongside previously published data. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Laboratory-based observational study.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Roongtiwa Vacshalathiti
- Musculoskeletal Physical Therapy Research Unit, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Mahidol University, Salaya, Thailand
| | | | - Jim Richards
- Allied Health Research Unit, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, UK
| | - Daniel T P Fong
- National Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine, School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
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Head PL, Kasser R, Appling S, Cappaert T, Singhal K, Zucker-Levin A. The influence of jump-landing direction on dynamic postural stability following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon) 2024; 112:106195. [PMID: 38320469 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2024.106195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Traditional testing prior to return to sport following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction typically involves jump-landing tasks in the forward direction. As injury is most likely the result of multiplanar neuromuscular control deficits, assessment of dynamic postural stability using landing tasks that require multiplanar stabilization may be more appropriate. The purpose of this study was to examine how dynamic postural stability is affected when performing jump-landing tasks in three different directions. METHODS Fifteen athletes [11 females (18.0 ± 3.0 years) and 4 males (18.5 ± 3.1 years)] following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction performed a series of single-limb jump-landing tasks in 3 directions. Individual directional stability indices and a composite dynamic postural stability index were calculated using ground reaction force data and were compared using separate one-way repeated measures ANOVAs. FINDINGS All directional stability indices demonstrated a significant main effect for jump-landing direction (medial-lateral P < 0.001, η2p = 0.95; anterior-posterior P < 0.001, η2p = 0.97; vertical P = 0.021, η2p = 0.24). The diagonal jump-landing direction produced increased medial-lateral stability and vertical stability scores, while the forward and diagonal jump-landing directions produced increased anterior-posterior stability scores. There was no significant effect for the composite dynamic stability index score. INTERPRETATION Jump-landing direction affects dynamic postural stability in all 3 planes of movement in athletes following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Results indicate the potential need to incorporate multiple jump-landing directions to better assess dynamic postural stability prior to return to sport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penny L Head
- University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Department of Physical Therapy, 930 Madison Avenue, Memphis, TN 38163, USA.
| | - Richard Kasser
- University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Department of Physical Therapy, 930 Madison Avenue, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Susan Appling
- Ohio State University, Department of Physical Therapy, 516 Atwell Hall, 453 W. 10(th) Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Thomas Cappaert
- Rocky Mountain University of Health Professions, 1800 S. Novell Place, Provo, UT 84606, USA
| | - Kunal Singhal
- University of St. Augustine for Health Sciences, 5401 LaCrosse Avenue, Austin, TX 78739, USA
| | - Audrey Zucker-Levin
- University of Saskatchewan, School of Rehabilitation Science, Health Sciences E-Wing, 104 Clinic Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 2Z4, Canada
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Bai J, Hua A, Weng D, Wang N, Wang J. Effects of non-extensible lumbar belts on static and dynamic postural stability. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2023; 24:362. [PMID: 37158940 PMCID: PMC10165835 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-023-06476-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have found that increased intra-abdominal pressure helps to reduce spinal loading and improve spine stability. Non-extensible lumbar belts (NEBs) could elevate intra-abdominal pressure and augment spinal stability. NEBs have been used in the healthcare field to help reduce pain and improve spine function for people with low back pain. However, the effect of NEBs on static and dynamic postural stability is not clear. METHODS This study aimed to investigate whether NEBs affect static and dynamic postural stability. Twenty-eight healthy male subjects were recruited to finish four static postural stability tasks and two dynamic postural stability tests. Center of pressure (COP) values during 30 s of quiet standing, dynamic postural stability index (DPSI) and Y balance test (YBT) score with and without NEBs were analyzed. RESULTS NEBs had no significant effect in all COP variables in the static postural tasks. The results of a repeated measure two-way ANOVA indicated the NEBs significantly improved the dynamic postural stability in YBT score and DPSI (F (1,27) = 5.506, p = .027, [Formula: see text] and F (1,27) = 83.94, p = .000, [Formula: see text] respectively). CONCLUSIONS The study results indicate that non-extensible belts improve dynamic stability in healthy male participants, with potential implications for rehabilitation and performance enhancement programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyuan Bai
- Department of Sports Science, College of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Anke Hua
- Department of Sports Science, College of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Dongkai Weng
- Department of Sports Science, College of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Nan Wang
- Hangzhou Weizhen Health Technology Co., Ltd., 310058, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Sports Science, College of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
- Center for Psychological Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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Effects of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation over the Primary Motor Cortex in Improving Postural Stability in Healthy Young Adults. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11091370. [PMID: 36138847 PMCID: PMC9495425 DOI: 10.3390/biology11091370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) over the primary motor cortex (M1) is of increasing interest to improve motor performance in healthy adults and patients with respective deficits. This study aimed to examine whether tDCS over M1 can improve static and dynamic postural stability in young healthy adults. Seventeen healthy participants (mean age = 25.14 ± 2.50 (standard deviation, SD) years) received sham and anodal tDCS (2 mA) over the vertex at the Cz electrode position for 15 min. Static and dynamic postural stability were evaluated before and immediately after tDCS. The center of pressure (COP) sway area (COPSA) and COP maximum displacements to medio-lateral (COPML) and antero-posterior directions (COPAP) were used to evaluate static postural stability. The anterior−posterior stability index (APSI), medial−lateral stability index (MLSI), vertical stability index (VSI), dynamic postural stability index (DPSI), and time to stabilization (TTS) in forward (FL), 45° anterior lateral (LL), and 45° anterior medial (ML) direction landing, as well as the Y-balance composite score (YBTCS) were used to assess dynamic postural stability. The results showed that the LL-TTS (p = 0.044), non-dominant leg COPSA (p = 0.015), and YBTCS (p < 0.0001) were significantly improved in the real stimulation as compared with the sham stimulation session, and anodal tDCS significantly changed dominant leg COPAP (p = 0.021), FL-APSI (p < 0.0001), FL-TTS (p = 0.008), ML-TTS (p = 0.002), non-dominant leg YBTCS (p < 0.0001), and dominant leg YBTCS (p = 0.014). There were no significant differences in all obtained balance values in the sham stimulation session, except for non-dominant leg YBTCS (p = 0.049). We conclude that anodal tDCS over M1 has an immediate improving effect on static postural stability and dynamic performance in young healthy adults. This makes tDCS a promising adjuvant rehabilitation treatment to enhance postural stability deficits in the future.
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Kawahara D, Koshino Y, Watanabe K, Akimoto M, Ishida T, Kasahara S, Samukawa M, Tohyama H. Lower limb kinematics during single leg landing in three directions in individuals with chronic ankle instability. Phys Ther Sport 2022; 57:71-77. [PMID: 35940084 DOI: 10.1016/j.ptsp.2022.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To compare the lower limb kinematics of participants with chronic ankle instability (CAI) and healthy participants during forward, lateral, and medial landings. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING Laboratory. PARTICIPANTS Eighteen athletes with CAI and 18 control athletes. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Hip, knee, and ankle joint kinematics during forward, lateral, and medial single-leg landings were compared between the groups using two-way ANOVA for discrete values and statistical parametric mapping two-sample t-tests for time-series data. RESULTS The CAI group had significantly greater ankle dorsiflexion than the control group (P ≤ 0.013), which was observed from the pre-initial contact (IC) for lateral and medial landings and post-IC for forward landing. The CAI group showed greater knee flexion than the control group from the IC for lateral landing and post-IC for forward landing (P ≤ 0.014). No significant differences in ankle inversion kinematics were found between the CAI and control groups. Lateral landing had a greater peak inversion angle and velocity than forward and medial landings (P < 0.001). Medial landing had a greater inversion velocity than forward landing (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that individuals with CAI show feedforward protective adaptations in the pre-landing phase for lateral and medial landings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiki Kawahara
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yuta Koshino
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; Rehabilitation Center, NTT Medical Center Sapporo, Sapporo, Japan.
| | | | - Moeko Akimoto
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tomoya Ishida
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | | | - Mina Samukawa
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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Influence of Landing in Neuromuscular Control and Ground Reaction Force with Ankle Instability: A Narrative Review. Bioengineering (Basel) 2022; 9:bioengineering9020068. [PMID: 35200421 PMCID: PMC8869733 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9020068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Ankle sprains are generally the most common injuries that are frequently experienced by competitive athletes. Ankle sprains, which are the main cause of ankle instability, can impair long-term sports performance and cause chronic ankle instability (CAI). Thus, a comprehensive understanding of the key factors involved in repeated ankle strains is necessary. During jumping and landing, adaptation to the landing force and control of neuromuscular activation is crucial in maintaining ankle stability. Ankle mobility provides a buffer during landing, and peroneus longus activation inhibits ankle inversion; together, they can effectively minimize the risk of ankle inversion injuries. Accordingly, this study recommends that ankle mobility should be enhanced through active and passive stretching and muscle recruitment training of the peroneus longus muscles for landing strategies should be performed to improve proprioception, which would in turn prevent ankle sprain and injury to neighboring joints.
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Zhang Q, Hautier CA. Influence of jump-landing direction on dynamic postural stability and hamstring-to-quadriceps co-activation ratio. Res Sports Med 2021:1-11. [PMID: 34477044 DOI: 10.1080/15438627.2021.1975117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of jump landing direction and leg dominance on the Dynamic Postural Stability Index (DPSI) and the importance of the hamstring-to-quadriceps (H/Q) co-activation ratio. Fifteen female sports players performed unilateral jump landing, for the dominant (DL) and the non-dominant (NDL) legs in anterior (AJL), lateral (LJL), and vertical directions (DJL). The results indicated that the DPSI was higher in DJL compared to LJL and AJL. Besides, the DPSI score during DJL was higher in NDL indicating lower stabilization capacity associated with a lower H/Q co-activation ratio. A significant correlation was found between H/Q co-activation ratio and DPSI in the DL during AJL (r = -0.57). Current results suggest that DJL was more appropriate to evaluate dynamic postural stability since it highlights limb asymmetry. In addition, H/Q co-activation appears to play an essential role in the effectiveness of ground reaction force stabilization during jump landing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingshan Zhang
- Univ. Lyon, UCBL-Lyon 1, Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la motricité, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Christophe A Hautier
- Univ. Lyon, UCBL-Lyon 1, Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la motricité, Villeurbanne, France
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Yu P, Mei Q, Xiang L, Fernandez J, Gu Y. Differences in the locomotion biomechanics and dynamic postural control between individuals with chronic ankle instability and copers: a systematic review. Sports Biomech 2021; 21:531-549. [PMID: 34412557 DOI: 10.1080/14763141.2021.1954237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
An empirical consensus of differences between chronic ankle instability (CAI) individuals and copers (individuals who sprained ankle once and without recurrent symptoms or injury) has not been reported. This study aimed to review the locomotion biomechanics and dynamic postural control between these two populations. Database of ScienceDirect, PubMed and Web of Science was used to search ('chronic ankle instability' OR 'ankle instability') AND ('ankle sprain' OR 'coper*') until 30 November 2020. Articles that made a comparison about changes in biomechanical parameters between Copers and CAI individuals during locomotor or functional tasks were included in this review. Twenty-three articles met the inclusion criteria. CAI individuals exhibited an increased hip flexion to maintain stability, suggesting the adopted hip strategy compared to copers during landing. Dorsiflexion angle and ankle frontal displacement increased considerably compared to copers, which might increase risks of lateral ankle sprain injury. CAI individuals reduced the ankle displacements in the sagittal plane and indicated worse performance of Star Excursion Balance Test in the posterior-lateral direction compared to copers. Identified motion deficits or altered motion strategies provide opportunities for targeted intervention and scheme after index sprain or in CAI individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peimin Yu
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.,Research Academy of Grand Health, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.,Auckland Bioengineering Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Qichang Mei
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.,Research Academy of Grand Health, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.,Auckland Bioengineering Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Liangliang Xiang
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.,Research Academy of Grand Health, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.,Auckland Bioengineering Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Justin Fernandez
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.,Research Academy of Grand Health, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.,Auckland Bioengineering Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Department of Engineering Science, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Yaodong Gu
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.,Research Academy of Grand Health, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.,Auckland Bioengineering Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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DeLang MD, Hannon JP, Goto S, Bothwell JM, Garrison JC. Female Adolescent Soccer Players Utilize Different Neuromuscular Strategies Between Limbs During the Propulsion Phase of a Lateral Vertical Jump. Int J Sports Phys Ther 2021; 16:695-703. [PMID: 34123522 PMCID: PMC8169019 DOI: 10.26603/001c.22134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiplanar dynamic stability is an important unilateral function in soccer performance but has been scarcely examined in female soccer players. The lateral vertical jump task assesses unilateral functional performance, and energy generation contribution examines how each joint (hip, knee, ankle) contributes to the vertical component of the vertical jump phase to measure inter- and intra-limb differences. PURPOSE To examine dominant versus non-dominant limb performance using energy generation contribution of the hip, knee, and ankle during the vertical jump component of the lateral vertical jump. STUDY DESIGN Cross-sectional observational study. METHODS Seventeen healthy, adolescent female soccer players (age 13.4±1.7 years; height 160.6±6.0 cm; mass 53.1±8.2 kg) participated. Quadriceps strength was measured via isokinetic dynamometry. Energy generation contribution (measured from maximal knee flexion to toe off) and vertical jump height were measured during the vertical component of the lateral vertical jump. RESULTS There was no significant difference between limbs for quadriceps strength (p=0.64), jump height (p=0.59), or ankle energy generation contribution (p=0.38). Energy generation contribution was significantly greater in the dominant hip (dominant 29.7±8.6%, non-dominant 18.4±6.3%, p<0.001) and non-dominant knee (dominant 22.8±6.8%, non-dominant 36.2±8.5%, p<0.001). CONCLUSION High demand on coordination and motor control during the lateral vertical jump and inherent limb dominance may explain different intra-limb strategies for task performance despite jump height symmetry. Non-dominant affinity for stability and dominant compensatory performance may neutralize potential asymmetries. Implications for symmetry in observable outcomes such as jump height must consider underlying internal asymmetries. LEVELS OF EVIDENCE 3B. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Symmetrical findings on functional tasks have underlying internal asymmetries observed here in female adolescent soccer players. The lateral vertical jump may highlight these internal asymmetries (hip- versus knee-dominant movement strategies) due to the high coordinative demand to perform the task. Clinicians should be cognizant of underlying, potentially inherent, asymmetries even when observing functional symmetry in a task. WHAT IS KNOWN ABOUT THE SUBJECT Female adolescent soccer players are a high-risk cohort for sustaining anterior cruciate ligament injuries. Limb dominance may play a role in the performance of functional tasks, and limb dominance in soccer players is quite specialized: the dominant limb is the preferred kicking limb, while the non-dominant limb is the preferred stabilizing limb (plant leg). Functional performance in female soccer players has been studied in kicking, dribbling, sprinting, change of direction, and jumping - however, these tasks were measured independent of limb dominance. It remains to be seen how unilateral functional tasks may be affected by limb dominance in female adolescent soccer players. WHAT THIS STUDY ADDS TO EXISTING KNOWLEDGE This study provides data on functional performance relative to limb dominance in female adolescent soccer players, and captures the lateral vertical jump task in both inter- and intra-limb measures. This highlights that intra-limb strategies to perform a coordinated motor task may be different between limbs, herein attributed to limb dominance. Even if gross motor outputs between limbs are symmetrical (i.e. jump height), the underlying movement strategies to achieve that output may be different (hip- versus knee-dominant movement strategies). These findings are important to research on functional performance measures related to attaining between-limb symmetry, as measures of energy generation contribution open the door for a more thorough understanding of joint-by-joint intra-limb contributions during a functional task.
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Markström JL, Tengman E, Häger CK. Side-hops challenge knee control in the frontal and transversal plane more than hops for distance or height among ACL-reconstructed individuals. Sports Biomech 2021; 22:142-159. [PMID: 33586624 DOI: 10.1080/14763141.2020.1869296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
We compared knee landing mechanics with presumed relation to risk of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury among three single-leg hop tests and between legs in individuals with unilateral ACL reconstruction. Thirty-four participants (>10 months' post-surgery, 23 females) performed the standardised rebound side hop (SRSH), maximal hop for distance (OLHD) and maximal vertical hop (OLVH). We calculated the following knee outcomes from motion capture and force plate data: finite helical axis inclination angles (approximates knee robustness), frontal and transversal plane angles at initial contact, peak angles of abduction and internal rotation during landing, and peak external moments of flexion, abduction and internal rotation during landing. Repeated-measures MANOVA analysis ('sex' as covariate) confirmed that SRSH induced greater angles and moments, particularly in the frontal plane, compared to OLHD and OLVH. There was between-leg asymmetry for peak knee flexion moment for males during OLHD and OLVH, and for females during SRSH. Our results advocate the SRSH over OLHD and OLVH for assessment of knee landing control to screen for movement patterns potentially related to ACL injury risk. However, clear differences in both knee kinematics and kinetics between OLHD and SRSH motivate the use of both tests to evaluate different aspects of landing control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas L Markström
- Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Physiotherapy, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Eva Tengman
- Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Physiotherapy, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Charlotte K Häger
- Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Physiotherapy, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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Xu D, Cen X, Wang M, Rong M, István B, Baker JS, Gu Y. Temporal Kinematic Differences between Forward and Backward Jump-Landing. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17186669. [PMID: 32933208 PMCID: PMC7559031 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17186669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Backward jump-landing during sports performance will result in dynamic postural instability with a greater risk of injury, and most research studies have focused on forward landing. Differences in kinematic temporal characteristics between single-leg and double-leg backward jump-landing are seldom researched and understood. The purpose of this study was to compare and analyze lower extremity kinematic differences throughout the landing phases of forward and backward jumping using single-leg and double-leg landings (FS and BS, FD and BD). Kinematic data were collected during the landing phases of FS and BS, FD and BD in 45 participants. Through statistical parametric mapping (SPM) analysis, we found that the BS showed smaller hip and knee flexion and greater vertical ground reactive force (VGRF) than the FS during 0–37.42% (p = 0.031), 16.07–32.11% (p = 0.045), and 23.03–17.32% (p = 0.041) landing phases. The BD showed smaller hip and knee flexion than the FD during 0–20.66% (p = 0.047) and 0–100% (p < 0.001) landing phases. Most differences appeared within a time frame during the landing phase at 30–50 ms in which non-contact anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries are thought to occur and are consistent with the identification of risk in biomechanical analysis. A landing strategy that consciously increases the knee and hip flexion angles during backward landing should be considered for people as a measure to avoid injury during the performance of this type of physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Datao Xu
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; (D.X.); (X.C.)
| | - Xuanzhen Cen
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; (D.X.); (X.C.)
| | - Meizi Wang
- Savaria Institute of Technology, Eötvös Loránd University, 9700 Szombathely, Hungary;
| | - Ming Rong
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; (D.X.); (X.C.)
- Correspondence: (M.R.); (Y.G.); Tel.: +86-574-87600456 (M.R.); +86-574-87600208 (Y.G.)
| | - Bíró István
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Szeged, 6724 Szeged, Hungary;
| | - Julien S. Baker
- Centre for Health and Exercise Science Research, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong 999077, China;
| | - Yaodong Gu
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; (D.X.); (X.C.)
- Correspondence: (M.R.); (Y.G.); Tel.: +86-574-87600456 (M.R.); +86-574-87600208 (Y.G.)
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12
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The Applications of Landing Strategies in Badminton Footwork Training on a Backhand Side Lateral Jump Smash. J Hum Kinet 2020; 73:19-31. [PMID: 32774534 PMCID: PMC7386134 DOI: 10.2478/hukin-2020-0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous research in badminton has associated unilateral landings following overhead strokes with the occurrence of knee injuries. Smashing involves tensing the abdomen muscles while swinging the racket rapidly and maintaining one’s balance while performing coordinated movements and steps; this process puts stress on the player’s lower limbs. However, few studies have compared the effects of different stroke training while performing various types of badminton strokes. This study investigated the influence of different stroke training on the smash action of badminton players. Three stroke training conditions were considered: shadow, target striking, and smashing. Sixteen male experienced badminton players were recruited for this study. One-way repeated-measures ANOVA with Bonferroni correction was used to identify the differences. At the initial contact with the ground, the knee flexion and knee valgus angles under the smash condition were significantly higher than target and shadow conditions. Under the smash condition, hip abduction was significantly higher than under the target and shadow conditions. Moreover, the hip abduction under the target condition was significantly higher than under the shadow condition. At the maximum knee flexion, the hip abduction under the smash and target conditions was significantly higher than under the shadow condition. Regarding the time from the moment of initial contact to the peak of vertical ground reaction force it was shorter under the smash condition than the target and shadow conditions. The vertical ground reaction force was higher under the smash condition than under the target and shadow conditions. The 50 ms impulse was higher under the smash condition than under the target and shadow conditions. The main findings of this study are that under the smash condition, the motion in the frontal plane increased, which produced higher loads on the joints in the lower limbs. Player performed the same footwork under the three conditions, but the landing strategies differed because of unique swing motions and techniques. The condition under which a player hits a shot to a target area can affect the landing. The results of this study suggest that target practice is more effective for improving the landing technique employed during actual shots than shadow practice.
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Inverse optimal control with time-varying objectives: application to human jumping movement analysis. Sci Rep 2020; 10:11174. [PMID: 32636436 PMCID: PMC7341860 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-67901-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Analysis of complex human movements can provide valuable insights for movement rehabilitation, sports training, humanoid robot design and control, and human-robot interaction. To accomplish complex movement, the central nervous system must coordinate the musculo-skeletal system to achieve task and internal (e.g., effort minimisation) objectives. This paper proposes an inverse optimal control approach for analysing complex human movement that does not assume that the control objective(s) remains constant throughout the movement. The movement trajectory is assumed to be optimal with respect to a cost function composed of the sum of weighted basis cost functions, which may be time varying. The weights of the cost function are recovered using a sliding window. To illustrate the proposed approach, a dataset consisting of standing broad jump to targets at three different distances is collected. The method can be used to extract control objectives that influence task success, identify different motion strategies/styles, as well as to observe how control strategy changes during the motor learning process. Kinematic analysis confirms that the identified control objectives, including centre-of-mass takeoff vector and foot placement upon landing are important to ensure that a given participant lands on the target. The dataset, including nearly 800 jump trajectories from 22 participants is also provided.
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Kunugi S, Koumura T, Myotsuzono R, Masunari A, Yoshida N, Miyakawa S, Mukai N. Directions of single-leg landing affect multi-segment foot kinematics and dynamic postural stability in male collegiate soccer athletes. Gait Posture 2020; 80:285-291. [PMID: 32570194 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2020.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding lower limb kinematics and postural control in different directions of single-leg landings is critical to evaluate postural control and prevent lower limb injuries. However, foot and ankle kinematics and postural control during single-leg landings in different directions are less known. RESEARCH QUESTION Does the difference in the direction of single-leg landing affect the foot kinematics on the frontal plane and dynamic postural stability? METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted. Forty-nine male collegiate soccer players performed single-leg forward (FL), 45° lateral (LL), and medial (ML) direction landings. The lower limb, foot (rearfoot, midfoot, forefoot), and ankle kinematics during an impact phase were evaluated, and a curve analysis was performed using a statistical parametric mapping method to compare the three landings. The three landings were compared in terms of postural control parameters, including time to stabilization (TTS), peak of ground reaction forces (GRFs), root-mean-square of the mediolateral GRFs for 0-0.4 s (GRFML0.4), loading rate, and magnitude of horizontal GRFs from 0-0.4 s (HGRF-0.4), 0.4-2.4 s (HGRF-2.4), and 3.0-5.0 s. RESULTS Ankle and rearfoot kinematics in LL exhibited smaller eversion and pronation positions than FL and ML (p < 0.01). The TTS-mediolateral (TTS-ML) was longer in the LL than in FL and ML (p < 0.001). The GRFML0.4, HGRF-0.4, and -2.4 in the LL and ML were greater than those in the FL (p < 0.001). SIGNIFICANCE Directions of single-leg landing affect foot and ankle kinematics and postural stability. Specifically, the LL exhibits more inverted ankle and supinated rearfoot positions, and longer TTS-ML. Thus, the LL may induce stretching of the lateral ankle ligament. These findings can help understand foot kinematics and assess dynamic postural control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun Kunugi
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba. 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8577, Japan.
| | - Takashi Koumura
- Doctoral Program in Sports Medicine, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba. 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8577, Japan.
| | - Ryota Myotsuzono
- Faculty of Sports Science Kyushu Kyoritsu University. 1-8 Jiyugaoka, Kitakyushu Yahatanishi-ku, Fukuoka, 807-8585, Japan.
| | - Akihiko Masunari
- Kagoshima United Football Club, 39-11 Kamoikeshinmachi, Kagoshima, Kagoshima, 890-0064, Japan.
| | - Naruto Yoshida
- Faculty of Health Care, Department of Acupuncture and Moxibusion Teikyo Heisei University, 2-51-4 Higashi-ikebukuro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo, 170-8445, Japan.
| | - Shumpei Miyakawa
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8577, Japan.
| | - Naoki Mukai
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8577, Japan.
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Vaz JR, Stergiou N, Diniz A, Dinis R, Pezarat-Correia P. Postural control is altered in females with excessive medial knee displacement. Sports Biomech 2020:1-15. [PMID: 32546063 DOI: 10.1080/14763141.2020.1767187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Knee valgus motion observed during landing tasks has been proposed as a predictor of future knee injury. It mainly involves excess motion in the frontal plane and is known to be greater in individuals with excessive medial knee displacement (MKD). This affects postural control during sports manoeuvres. Previous sports medicine-related research suggests that the nature of these fluctuations provide rich and more sensitive information to identify risk of (re)injury. We aimed to investigate the fluctuations of the centre of pressure (CoP) in individuals with and without excessive MKD. Twenty females (12 controls; 8 excessive MKD) were instructed to perform single-leg landing tasks from three different directions. The participants landed on a force plate and stayed still for 20 seconds. The fluctuations of the anterior-posterior and medial-lateral directions of the CoP were determined through the calculation of Sample Entropy. Mixed-model ANOVAs (3 [Landing Direction] x 2 [Group]) were used. We have found that only the entropy of the medial-lateral direction was different between groups. Individuals with excessive MKD exhibited an increase in entropy values, indicating greater randomness in CoP fluctuations. This suggests a decreased ability to adapt to environmental demands that likely result in an increased risk of injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- João R Vaz
- Interdisciplinary Center for the Study of Human Performance (CIPER), Faculty of Human Kinetics, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal.,Department of Biomechanics, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Nick Stergiou
- Department of Biomechanics, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE, United States.,Department of Environmental, Agricultural & Occupational Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Ana Diniz
- Interdisciplinary Center for the Study of Human Performance (CIPER), Faculty of Human Kinetics, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Dinis
- Interdisciplinary Center for the Study of Human Performance (CIPER), Faculty of Human Kinetics, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Pedro Pezarat-Correia
- Interdisciplinary Center for the Study of Human Performance (CIPER), Faculty of Human Kinetics, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
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16
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Azevedo AM, Oliveira R, Vaz JR, Cortes N. Oxford foot model kinematics in landings: A comparison between professional dancers and non-dancers. J Sci Med Sport 2019; 23:347-352. [PMID: 31734168 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2019.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Dancers frequently perform jump-landing activities, with the foot-ankle complex playing an essential role to attenuate the landing forces. However, scarce research has been conducted in professional dancers multi-segmented foot in landings. The aim of this study was to compare the multi-segmented foot kinematics between professional dancers and non-dancers, during forward and lateral single-leg jump-landings. DESIGN Descriptive group comparison. METHODS Marker trajectories and synchronized ground reaction forces of 15 professional dancers and 15 non-dancers were collected using motion capture and a force plate, during multidirectional single-leg jump-landings. Sagittal and frontal hindfoot-tibia, forefoot-hindfoot, and hallux-forefoot kinematics of the multi-segmented foot model were computed at initial contact, peak vertical ground reaction force and peak knee flexion. Repeated measures ANOVAs were conducted (p < 0.05). RESULTS Professional dancers landed with higher hindfoot-tibia and forefoot-hindfoot plantarflexion angles at initial contact (p < 0.001), and hindfoot-tibia dorsiflexion angles at peak vertical ground reaction force and peak knee flexion (p < 0.001) than non-dancers. Also, dancers exhibited higher sagittal hindfoot-tibia and forefoot-hindfoot excursions than non-dancers (p < 0.001). No statistically significant differences were found in the frontal plane. CONCLUSIONS The multi-segmented foot allows a comprehensive kinematic analysis of the different foot joints. In jump-landings, professional dancers higher hindfoot-tibia, and forefoot-hindfoot plantarflexion at initial contact, compared to non-dancers, contributed to a subsequent higher foot joints excursion. This pattern is commonly linked to a better shock absorption mechanism in landings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana M Azevedo
- Faculty of Human Kinetics, University of Lisbon, Portugal; George Mason University, Sports Medicine Assessment, Research & Testing (SMART) Laboratory, USA
| | - Raúl Oliveira
- Faculty of Human Kinetics, University of Lisbon, Portugal; CIPER, Faculty of Human Kinetics, University of Lisbon, Portugal
| | - João R Vaz
- CIPER, Faculty of Human Kinetics, University of Lisbon, Portugal; Universidade Europeia, Portugal
| | - Nelson Cortes
- George Mason University, Sports Medicine Assessment, Research & Testing (SMART) Laboratory, USA; Department of Bioengineering, George Mason University.
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17
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Azevedo AM, Oliveira R, Vaz JR, Cortes N. Foot modeling affects ankle sagittal plane kinematics during jump-landing. J Biomech 2019; 96:109337. [PMID: 31547999 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2019.109337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The foot-ankle complex is a key-element to mitigate impact forces during jump-landing activities. Biomechanical studies commonly model the foot as a single-segment, which can provide different ankle kinematics compared to a multi-segmented model. Also, it can neglect intersegmental kinematics of the foot-ankle joints, such as the hindfoot-tibia, forefoot-hindfoot, and hallux-forefoot joints, that are used during jump-landing activities. The purpose of this short communication was to compare ankle kinematics between a three- and single-segmented foot models, during forward and lateral single-leg jump-landings. Marker trajectories and synchronized ground reaction forces of 30 participants were collected using motion capture and a force plate, during multidirectional single-leg jump-landings. Ankle kinematics were computed using a three- (hindfoot-tibia) and a single-segmented (ankle) foot models, at initial contact (IC), peak vertical ground reaction force (PvGRF) and peak knee flexion (PKF). Repeated measures ANOVAs were conducted (p < 0.05). The findings of this study showed that during lateral and forward jump-landing directions, the three-segmented foot model exhibited lower hindfoot-tibia dorsiflexion angles (PvGRF and PKF, p < 0.001) and excursions (sagittal: p < 0.001; frontal: p < 0.05) during the weightbearing acceptance phase than the single-segmented model. Overall, the two foot models provided distinctive sagittal ankle kinematics, with lower magnitudes in the hindfoot-tibia of the three-segmented foot. Furthermore, the three-segmented foot model may provide additional and representative kinematic data of the ankle and foot joints, to better comprehend its function, particularly in populations whose foot-ankle complex plays an important role (e.g., dancers).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana M Azevedo
- Faculty of Human Kinetics, University of Lisbon, Portugal; George Mason University, Sports Medicine Assessment, Research & Testing (SMART) Laboratory, Manassas, VA, USA
| | - Raúl Oliveira
- Faculty of Human Kinetics, University of Lisbon, Portugal; CIPER, Faculty of Human Kinetics, University of Lisbon, Portugal
| | - João R Vaz
- CIPER, Faculty of Human Kinetics, University of Lisbon, Portugal; Universidade Europeia, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Nelson Cortes
- George Mason University, Sports Medicine Assessment, Research & Testing (SMART) Laboratory, Manassas, VA, USA.
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Dingenen B, Truijen J, Bellemans J, Gokeler A. Test-retest reliability and discriminative ability of forward, medial and rotational single-leg hop tests. Knee 2019; 26:978-987. [PMID: 31431339 DOI: 10.1016/j.knee.2019.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 05/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Single-leg hop tests are commonly performed in the forward direction to evaluate functional performance. However, athletes move in multiple directions during pivoting sports. The first aim of this study was to examine test-retest reliability of single-leg hop tests in the forward, medial and rotational direction in non-injured athletes. Second, the discriminative ability to detect leg asymmetries with these hop tests in anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstructed athletes was determined. METHODS Sixteen recreational non-injured participants (eight females, eight males; 22.4 ± 1.9 years) were tested twice (one-week interval) and performed the single hop for distance (SH), triple hop for distance (TH), medial side triple hop for distance (MSTH) and 90° medial rotation hop for distance (MRH). Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs), standard errors of measurement (SEM) and smallest detectable differences (SDD) were calculated. Discriminative ability was determined in 32 ACL-reconstructed participants (four females, 28 males; 24.4 ± 4.6 years; six months postoperative) who performed the same hop tests once. RESULTS The ICCs ranged between 0.93 and 0.98. The SEM and SDD were respectively 2.6-4.1% and 7.2-11.3% of the mean hop distance of the group. The proportion (%) of ACL-reconstructed participants passing the ≥90% limb symmetry cut-off was 62.5 (SH), 59.4 (TH), 40.6 (MSTH) and 46.9 (MRH). CONCLUSION Excellent test-retest reliability of forward, medial and rotational hop tests was found. This allows clinicians to make informed interpretations of changes in hop test distances when retesting athletes. Medial and rotational hop tests are more likely to show limb asymmetries in ACL-reconstructed participants compared to forward hop tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bart Dingenen
- Reval Rehabilitation Research Center, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Hasselt University, Agoralaan A, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium.
| | - Jan Truijen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Ziekenhuis Oost-Limburg, Schiepse Bos 6, 3600 Genk, Belgium; Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Agoralaan D, 3500 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Johan Bellemans
- Department Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Ziekenhuis Oost-Limburg, Schiepse Bos 6, 3600 Genk, Belgium; Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Agoralaan D, 3500 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Alli Gokeler
- Exercise Science & Neuroscience Unit, Department Exercise & Health, Faculty of Science, Paderborn University, Warburger Street 100, 33098 Paderborn, Germany; Luxembourg Institute of Research in Orthopedics, Sports Medicine and Science (LIROMS), 76 rue d'Eich, L-1460, Luxembourg.
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Azevedo AM, Wei Q, Oliveira R, Vaz JR, Cortes N. Effect of Two Different Pose Estimation Approaches on Lower Extremity Biomechanics in Professional Dancers. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2019; 2019:2947-2950. [PMID: 31946508 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2019.8857683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Different algorithms can be used to estimate the pose of musculoskeletal models in biomechanical studies. Visual 3D uses segment optimization whereas OpenSim uses global optimization. Thus, our purpose was to study whether the two approaches would influence the estimation of lower extremity biomechanical parameters. Marker trajectories and ground reaction forces of 6 professional dancers were collected during a single-leg forward jump-landing. The same data set was processed using both approaches. Our findings suggested that the sagittal knee and ankle angles and moments were highly comparable between the two approaches. The ankle sagittal angle and moment showed the lowest offset. On the other hand, the choice of a kinematic model was likely to affect the hip, more evident in the frontal and transverse planes. This may be due to different factors such as the pelvis and femur positions or larger amount of soft tissue in the thigh.
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Nordin AD, Dufek JS. Reviewing the Variability-Overuse Injury Hypothesis: Does Movement Variability Relate to Landing Injuries? RESEARCH QUARTERLY FOR EXERCISE AND SPORT 2019; 90:190-205. [PMID: 30908166 DOI: 10.1080/02701367.2019.1576837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Overuse injuries are common in sport, but complete understanding of injury risk factors remains incomplete. Although biomechanical studies frequently examine musculoskeletal injury mechanisms, human movement variability studies aim to better understand neuromotor functioning, with proposed connections between overuse injury mechanisms and changes in motor variability. METHOD In a narrative review, we discuss the variability-overuse injury hypothesis, which suggests repeated load application leads to mechanical tissue breakdown and subsequent injury when exceeding the rate of physiological adaptation. Due to the multidisciplinary nature of this hypothesis, we incorporate concepts from motor control, neurophysiology, biomechanics, as well as research design and data analysis. We therefore summarize multiple perspectives while proposing theoretical relationships between movement variability and lower extremity overuse injuries. RESULTS Experimental data are presented and summarized from published experiments examining interactions between experimental task demands and movement variability in the context of drop landing movements, along with comparisons to previous movement variability studies. CONCLUSION We provide a conceptual framework for sports medicine researchers interested in predicting and preventing sports injuries. Under performance conditions with greater task demands, we predict reduced trial-to-trial movement variability that could increase the likelihood of overuse injuries.
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Head PL, Kasser R, Appling S, Cappaert T, Singhal K, Zucker-Levin A. Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction and dynamic stability at time of release for return to sport. Phys Ther Sport 2019; 38:80-86. [PMID: 31071659 DOI: 10.1016/j.ptsp.2019.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Examine dynamic stability using Dynamic Postural Stability Index (DPSI) in athletes following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) at time of release for return-to-sport (RTS), compared to matched controls. DESIGN Cross-sectional case-control study. SETTING Sports medicine clinic. SUBJECTS Fifteen ACLR athletes who had completed post-operative rehabilitation and were within 6 weeks following release to RTS were age-, gender-, and activity-matched to 15 healthy controls. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Ground reaction forces (GRFs) were collected using a portable force plate during stabilization from three different single-leg landing tasks. A composite DPSI was calculated using GRFs. RESULTS Compared to matched controls, ACLR athletes within 6 weeks of release for RTS did not significantly differ in dynamic postural stability and there were no significant differences between the involved and uninvolved limbs in the ACLR group. CONCLUSION Current findings indicate that dynamic postural stability, as measured using the DPSI, is not significantly different in ACLR subjects at time of release for RTS compared to matched controls. In addition, the DPSI was not significantly different between the involved and uninvolved limbs in the ACLR subjects. The results suggest that the post-ACLR rehabilitation program utilized may have adequately restored postural stability in this particular sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penny L Head
- University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 930 Madison Avenue, Suite 604, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA.
| | - Richard Kasser
- University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 930 Madison Avenue, Suite 604, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
| | - Susan Appling
- Ohio State University, 516 Atwell Hall, 453 W, 10th Avenue, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Thomas Cappaert
- Rocky Mountain University of Health Professions, 122 East 1700 South, Bldg. 3, Provo, UT 84606, USA
| | - Kunal Singhal
- University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 930 Madison Avenue, Suite 604, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
| | - Audrey Zucker-Levin
- University of Saskatchewan, 104 Clinic Place, Health Sciences E-Wing, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 2Z4, Canada
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Sell TC, Hufnagel M, Heebner N, Lephart SM. Reliability, discriminant validity and sex comparisons of dynamic postural stability during a landing task designed to challenge transverse plane knee stability. Sports Biomech 2019; 20:507-519. [PMID: 30882279 DOI: 10.1080/14763141.2019.1569119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Internal and external rotational knee stability is essential for sports performance and excessive rotation can lead to injury but is rarely assessed in injury risk analysis. The objectives of this study were to determine the between-session reliability, discriminant validity and potential sex differences of a dynamic postural stability (DPS) assessment that challenges transverse plane knee stability. Thirty-six individuals (21.7 ± 2.6 years) including 19 females (20.8 ± 1.3 years) and 17 males (22.6 ± 3.4 years) participated. We measured DPS during rotational jump tasks (RJT) over 2 test sessions utilising a force plate. Kinematic (motion analysis) and electromyographic measures were compared to a traditional anterior-posterior jump task (APJT) to assess the discriminant validity and comparisons were performed between sexes. The intraclass correlation coefficients were between 0.67 and 0.86. Significant differences in transverse rotation angle at initial contact transverse rotational velocity of the knee were observed between the 2 different RJT and between the RJT and the traditional APJT. No sex differences were observed. The new assessment had good between-session reliability and offers a different challenge than a traditional jump task. This RJT may offer a novel assessment of knee joint rotational stability in conjunction with traditional measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy C Sell
- Michael W. Kryzewski Human Performance Laboratory, Dukte Sports Sciences Institute, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Nick Heebner
- Sports Medicine Research Institute, College of Health Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Scott M Lephart
- Sports Medicine Research Institute, College of Health Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
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AZEVEDO ANAM, OLIVEIRA RAÚL, VAZ JOÃOR, CORTES NELSON. Professional Dancers Distinct Biomechanical Pattern during Multidirectional Landings. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2019; 51:539-547. [DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000001817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Dello Iacono A, Ayalon M, Wang W. The influence of single-leg landing direction on lower limbs biomechanics. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2018; 59:195-203. [PMID: 29619806 DOI: 10.23736/s0022-4707.18.08358-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to investigate whether different directions of single-leg landing tasks would influence lower limbs joints biomechanics. METHODS Using a controlled and experimental design, thirty physically active male subjects (age: 26.4±4.4 years; height: 180.5±3.7 cm; weight: 79.8:±4.4 kg), by dropping down from the top of a wooden box of 31 cm height, performed three one-leg landing tasks featured by different landing directions: frontward (FL), lateral (LL), and rotational (RL). The trunk and lower limbs` joints biomechanical responses were assessed through a laboratory setup consisting in a 6-camera motion capture system synchronized with force plates. A repeated measures one-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was used to investigate the main effects of the landing directions on the lower limbs joints biomechanics during the main phases of interest of the landing tasks. RESULTS The results indicated two major findings: 1) FL resulted in an advantageous active whole-body configuration; 2) the lower limbs' joints adopted different and specific energy absorption strategies between the landing tasks. CONCLUSIONS This study indicates that the different landing tasks likely generate meaningful changes in in whole body biomechanics and specific lower limbs joints kinetic and kinematic responses. Such outcomes might be used by clinicians towards a practical approach in selecting either assessment modalities or exercise interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Moshe Ayalon
- Department of Life Science, The Academic College at Wingate, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Weijie Wang
- Institute of Motion Analysis and Research (IMAR), TORT Centre, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
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Aizawa J, Hirohata K, Ohji S, Ohmi T, Yagishita K. Limb-dominance and gender differences in the ground reaction force during single-leg lateral jump-landings. J Phys Ther Sci 2018; 30:387-392. [PMID: 29581656 PMCID: PMC5857443 DOI: 10.1589/jpts.30.387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to examine limb-dominance and gender differences
in the magnitude of the ground reaction force during single-leg lateral jump-landings. We
hypothesized that the peak ground reaction force would be larger in the non-dominant leg
compared to that in the dominant leg and would be larger in females compared to that in
men. [Subjects and Methods] Fifteen females and 15 males performed jump-landings sideways
from a height of 20 cm, with a lateral distance of 60 cm. Vertical and medial ground
reaction forces were measured, and the elapsed time from the initial contact to the peak
ground reaction force was determined. The loading rate was calculated as the peak ground
reaction force divided by the elapsed time from the initial contact to the peak ground
reaction force. [Results] The vertical and medial peak ground reaction forces during
single-leg lateral jump-landings were larger in females compared to that in males. In
addition, the medial peak ground reaction force was larger for the non-dominant leg
compared to that for the dominant leg. [Conclusion] The results suggest that in
rehabilitation and conditioning settings, evaluations and instructions regarding
attenuation are especially important for females and the non-dominant leg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junya Aizawa
- Clinical Center for Sports Medicine and Sports Dentistry, Tokyo Medical and Dental University: 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan
| | - Kenji Hirohata
- Clinical Center for Sports Medicine and Sports Dentistry, Tokyo Medical and Dental University: 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Ohji
- Clinical Center for Sports Medicine and Sports Dentistry, Tokyo Medical and Dental University: 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan
| | - Takehiro Ohmi
- Clinical Center for Sports Medicine and Sports Dentistry, Tokyo Medical and Dental University: 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Yagishita
- Clinical Center for Sports Medicine and Sports Dentistry, Tokyo Medical and Dental University: 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan
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Silva PB, Oliveira AS, Mrachacz-Kersting N, Kersting UG. Effects of wobble board training on single-leg landing neuromechanics. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2018; 28:972-982. [PMID: 29193314 DOI: 10.1111/sms.13027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Balance training programs have been shown to reduce ankle sprain injuries in sports, but little is known about the transfer from this training modality to motor coordination and ankle joint biomechanics in sport-specific movements. This study aimed to investigate the effects of wobble board training on motor coordination and ankle mechanics during early single-leg landing from a lateral jump. Twenty-two healthy men were randomly assigned to either a control or a training group, who engaged in 4 weeks of wobble board training. Full-body kinematics, ground reaction force, and surface electromyography (EMG) from 12 lower limb muscles were recorded during landing. Ankle joint work in the sagittal, frontal, and transverse plane was calculated from 0 to 100 ms after landing. Non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) was applied on the concatenated EMG Pre- and Post-intervention. Wobble board training increased the ankle joint eccentric work 1.2 times in the frontal (P < .01) and 4.4 times in the transverse plane (P < .01) for trained participants. Wobble board training modified the modular organization of muscle recruitment in the early landing phase by separating the activation of plantar flexors and mediolateral ankle stabilizers. Furthermore, the activation of secondary muscles across motor modules was reduced after training, refocusing the activation on the main muscles involved in the mechanical main subfunctions for each module. These results suggest that wobble board training may modify motor coordination when landing from a lateral jump, focusing on the recruitment of specific muscles/muscle groups that optimize ankle joint stability during early ground contact in single-leg landing.
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Affiliation(s)
- P B Silva
- Center for Sensory-Motor Interaction, Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - A S Oliveira
- Department of Materials and Production, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - N Mrachacz-Kersting
- Center for Sensory-Motor Interaction, Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - U G Kersting
- Center for Sensory-Motor Interaction, Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
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Shiravi Z, Shadmehr A, Moghadam ST, Moghadam BA. Comparison of dynamic postural stability scores between athletes with and without chronic ankle instability during lateral jump landing. Muscles Ligaments Tendons J 2017; 7:119-124. [PMID: 28717619 DOI: 10.11138/mltj/2017.7.1.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS Many ankle injuries occur while participating in sports that require jumping and landing such as basketball, volleyball and soccer. Most recent studies have investigated dynamic postural stability of patients with chronic ankle instability after landing from a forward jump. The present study aimed to investigate the dynamic postural stability of the athletes who suffer from chronic ankle sprain while landing from a lateral jump. METHODS Twelve athletes with self-reported unilateral chronic ankle instability (4 females and 8 males) and 12 matched controls (3 females and 9 males) voluntarily participated in the study. Dynamic postural stability index and its directional indices were measured while performing lateral jump landing test. RESULTS No differences were found between athletes with and without chronic ankle instability during our landing protocol by means of the dynamic postural stability index and its directional indices. Findings showed that in each group, medial/lateral stability index is significantly higher than anterior/posterior and vertical stability indexes. CONCLUSION Findings showed that dynamic postural stability was not significantly different between the two groups. Future studies should examine chronic ankle instability patients with more severe disabilities and expose them to more challenging dynamic balance conditions to further explore postural stability. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE IIIa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab Shiravi
- School of Rehabilitation, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azadeh Shadmehr
- School of Rehabilitation, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Kawakami Y, Ogasawara I, Yonetani Y, Takao R, Mae T, Nakata K, Horibe S. Difference in Dynamic Body Balance between Forward and Lateral Single-Leg Hop Landing. Kurume Med J 2017; 63:1-6. [PMID: 28090004 DOI: 10.2739/kurumemedj.ms6300004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Since the loss of balance can result in falls or lower extremity injuries during sports or daily activities, quantitative evaluation of one’s ability to maintain balance with changes in the direction of motion is crucial. The present study aimed to assess whether the trajectory length of the center of pressure (COP) and peak values of the ground reaction force (GRF) following a single-leg hop landing differ when hopping forward or laterally, and to ascertain disparities in balance characteristics due to differences in hop direction. Twenty-four young volunteers (mean age, 22.1 years) were asked to stand on one foot on a level floor, take a half step in the forward and lateral directions, and land on one foot, repeating this task ten times on each leg. Data measured in this study included COP trajectory length up to 200 ms (200msCOP) and 1 s (1sCOP), the peak value of the frontal GRF (pFML), the peak value of the sagittal GRF (pFAP), and the peak value of the vertical GRF (pFV). Means were calculated from the measured values of ten attempts. 200msCOP reflects postural sway immediately after landing, and pFML and pFV reflect the force of impact upon landing. 200msCOP, pFML, and pFV were significantly higher with lateral hopping versus forward hopping (p<0.01, p<0.05, and p<0.05), and hop direction yielded differences in dynamic balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukiko Kawakami
- School of Comprehensive Rehabilitation, Osaka Prefecture University
| | - Issei Ogasawara
- Department of Health and Sports Sciences, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine
| | | | - Rikio Takao
- School of Comprehensive Rehabilitation, Osaka Prefecture University
| | - Tatsuo Mae
- Department of Health and Sports Sciences, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Ken Nakata
- Department of Health and Sports Sciences, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Shuji Horibe
- School of Comprehensive Rehabilitation, Osaka Prefecture University
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Sinsurin K, Vachalathiti R, Jalayondeja W, Limroongreungrat W. Knee Muscular Control During Jump Landing in Multidirections. Asian J Sports Med 2016; 7:e31248. [PMID: 27625758 PMCID: PMC5003310 DOI: 10.5812/asjsm.31248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2015] [Revised: 12/25/2015] [Accepted: 01/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Jump landing is a complex movement in sports. While competing and practicing, athletes frequently perform multi-planar jump landing. Anticipatory muscle activity could influence the amount of knee flexion and prepare the knee for dynamic weight bearing such as landing tasks. OBJECTIVES The aim of the present study was to examine knee muscle function and knee flexion excursion as athletes naturally performed multi-direction jump landing. MATERIALS AND METHODS Eighteen male athletes performed the jump-landing test in four directions: forward (0°), 30° diagonal, 60° diagonal, and lateral (90°). Muscles tested were vastus medialis (VM), vastus lateralis (VL), rectus femoris (RF), semitendinosus (ST), and biceps femoris (BF). A Vicon(TM) 612 workstation collected the kinematic data. An electromyography was synchronized with the Vicon(TM) Motion system to quantify dynamic muscle function. Repeated measure ANOVA was used to analyze the data. RESULTS Jump-landing direction significantly influenced (P < 0.05) muscle activities of VL, RF, and ST and knee flexion excursion. Jumpers landed with a trend of decreasing knee flexion excursion and ST muscle activity 100 ms before foot contact progressively from forward to lateral directions of jump landing. CONCLUSIONS A higher risk of knee injury might occur during lateral jump landing than forward and diagonal directions. Athletes should have more practice in jump landing in lateral direction to avoid injury. Landing technique with high knee flexion in multi-directions should be taught to jumpers for knee injury prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Komsak Sinsurin
- Faculty of Physical Therapy, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Roongtiwa Vachalathiti
- Faculty of Physical Therapy, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
- Corresponding author: Roongtiwa Vachalathiti, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand. Tel: +66-24415450, Fax: +66-24415454, E-mail:
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Liu K, Dierkes C, Blair L. A new jump-landing protocol identifies differences in healthy, coper, and unstable ankles in collegiate athletes. Sports Biomech 2016; 15:245-54. [DOI: 10.1080/14763141.2016.1158859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Dallinga JM, van der Does HT, Benjaminse A, Lemmink KA. Dynamic postural stability differences between male and female players with and without ankle sprain. Phys Ther Sport 2016; 17:69-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ptsp.2015.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Revised: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 05/14/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Azizi E, Larson NP, Abbott EM, Danos N. Reduce torques and stick the landing: limb posture during landing in toads. J Exp Biol 2014; 217:3742-7. [DOI: 10.1242/jeb.108506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
A controlled landing, where an animal does not crash or topple, requires enough stability to allow muscles to effectively dissipate mechanical energy. Toads (Rhinella marina) are exemplary models for understanding the mechanics and motor control of landing given their ability to land consistently during bouts of continuous hopping. Previous studies in anurans have shown that ground reaction forces (GRFs) during landing are significantly higher compared with takeoff and can potentially impart large torques about the center of mass (COM), destabilizing the body at impact. We predict that in order to minimize such torques, toads will align their COM with the GRF vector during the aerial phase in anticipation of impact. We combined high-speed videography and force-plate ergometry to quantify torques at the COM and relate the magnitude of torques to limb posture at impact. We show that modulation of hindlimb posture can shift the position of the COM by about 20% of snout–vent length. Rapid hindlimb flexion during the aerial phase of a hop moved the COM anteriorly and reduced torque by aligning the COM with the GRF vector. We found that the addition of extrinsic loads did not significantly alter landing behavior but did change the torques experienced at impact. We conclude that anticipatory hindlimb flexion during the aerial phase of a hop is a critical feature of a mechanically stable landing that allows toads to quickly string together multiple, continuous hops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuel Azizi
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Neil P. Larson
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Emily M. Abbott
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Nicole Danos
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
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Fayson SD, Needle AR, Kaminski TW. The effects of ankle Kinesio taping on ankle stiffness and dynamic balance. Res Sports Med 2014; 21:204-16. [PMID: 23777376 DOI: 10.1080/15438627.2013.792083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of Kinesio® taping on static restraint and dynamic postural control of the ankle joint. Thirty female subjects with no history of ankle injury participated in this study. Subjects were tested for passive ankle laxity and stiffness, and time to stabilization following forward, backward, medial, and lateral hops. Subjects were tested prior to tape application, immediately following application, and following 24 hours of use. Differences between taping conditions were investigated using analyses of variance and pairwise comparisons. Stiffness increased following initial application and 24 hours of Kinesio® tape use (F = 6.99, p = .003), despite no observed changes in ankle laxity (F = 0.77, p = .49); however, no changes were observed in time-to-stabilization (F = 0.03, p = .97). Our results suggest that Kinesio® tape may improve static restraint in the ankle joint without altering peak motion or dynamic postural control. A future investigation into Kinesio® tape efficacy in injury prevention or rehabilitation is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirleeah D Fayson
- Department of Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, College of Health Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
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Patterson MR, Delahunt E. A diagonal landing task to assess dynamic postural stability in ACL reconstructed females. Knee 2013; 20:532-6. [PMID: 23962647 DOI: 10.1016/j.knee.2013.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2013] [Revised: 07/09/2013] [Accepted: 07/12/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous research has used time to stabilization (TTS) from forward landing tasks to assess dynamic postural stability in ACL reconstructed (ACLR) athletes in order to identify impaired sensorimotor control and mechanical stability. This may not be an appropriate test due to the fact that research has suggested that ACL injury has a multi-planar mechanism of injury. The purpose of the present study was to compare TTS values from a forward land and a diagonal land to determine if diagonal landing TTS values are more sensitive to dynamic postural stability deficits in female ACLR athletes. METHODS A group of ACL reconstructed female athletes and a group of female control athletes performed three forward lands and three diagonal lands onto a force-plate and remained still on one foot for 15s. TTS was calculated for the anterior-posterior and medial-lateral ground reaction forces as well as the resultant vector of both forces. RESULTS All three TTS values were significantly increased in the ACLR group from the control group for the diagonal landing task. There was no difference in TTS values between the groups for the forward landing task. CONCLUSION TTS values from a diagonal landing are more sensitive at detecting impaired dynamic postural stability in a group of female ACLR athletes compared to TTS values from a forward land. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE III - Casecontrolled study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R Patterson
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Population Science, University College Dublin, Health Sciences Centre, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland; Clarity Centre for Sensor Web Technologies, University College Dublin, Ireland.
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Sinsurin K, Vachalathiti R, Jalayondeja W, Limroongreungrat W. Different Sagittal Angles and Moments of Lower Extremity Joints during Single-leg Jump Landing among Various Directions in Basketball and Volleyball Athletes. J Phys Ther Sci 2013; 25:1109-13. [PMID: 24259925 PMCID: PMC3818772 DOI: 10.1589/jpts.25.1109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2013] [Accepted: 04/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to assess the sagittal angles and moments of
lower extremity joints during single-leg jump landing in various directions. [Subjects]
Eighteen male athletes participated in the study. [Methods] Participants were asked to
perform single-leg jump-landing tests in four directions. Angles and net joint moments of
lower extremity joints in the sagittal plane were investigated during jump-landing tests
from a 30-cm-high platform with a Vicon™ motion system. The data were analyzed with
one-way repeated measures ANOVA. [Results] The results showed that knee joint flexion
increased and hip joint flexion decreased at foot contact. In peak angle during landing,
increasing ankle dorsiflexion and decreasing hip flexion were noted. In addition, an
increase in ankle plantarflexor moment occurred. [Conclusion] Adjusting the dorsiflexion
angle and plantarflexor moment during landing might be the dominant strategy of athletes
responding to different directions of jump landing. Decreasing hip flexion during landing
is associated with a stiff landing. Sport clinicians and athletes should focus on
increasing knee and hip flexion angles, a soft landing technique, in diagonal and lateral
directions to reduce risk of injury.
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Abstract
Dynamic stability is often measured by time to stabilization (TTS), which is calculated from the dwindling fluctuations of ground reaction force (GRF) components over time. Common protocols of dynamic stability research have involved forward or vertical jumps, neglecting different jump-landing directions. Therefore, the purpose of the present investigation was to examine the influence of different jump-landing directions on TTS. Twenty healthy participants (9 male, 11 female; age = 28 ± 4 y; body mass = 73.3 ± 21.5 kg; body height = 173.4 ± 10.5 cm) completed the Multi-Directional Dynamic Stability Protocol hopping tasks from four different directions—forward, lateral, medial, and backward—landing single-legged onto the force plate. TTS was calculated for each component of the GRF (ap = anterior-posterior; ml = medial-lateral; v = vertical) and was based on a sequential averaging technique. All TTS measures showed a statistically significant main effect for jump-landing direction. TTSml showed significantly longer times for landings from the medial and lateral directions (medial: 4.10 ± 0.21 s, lateral: 4.24 ± 0.15 s, forward: 1.48 ± 0.59 s, backward: 1.42 ± 0.37 s), whereas TTSap showed significantly longer times for landings from the forward and backward directions (forward: 4.53 ± 0.17 s, backward: 4.34 0.35 s, medial: 1.18 ± 0.49 s, lateral: 1.11 ± 0.43 s). TTSv showed a significantly shorter time for the forward direction compared with all other landing directions (forward: 2.62 ± 0.31 s, backward: 2.82 ± 0.29 s, medial: 2.91 ± 0.31 s, lateral: 2.86 ± 0.32 s). Based on these results, multiple jump-landing directions should be considered when assessing dynamic stability.
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Sinsurin K, Vachalathiti R, Jalayondeja W, Limroongreungrat W. Altered Peak Knee Valgus during Jump-Landing among Various Directions in Basketball and Volleyball Athletes. Asian J Sports Med 2013; 4:195-200. [PMID: 24427478 PMCID: PMC3880663 DOI: 10.5812/asjsm.34258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2012] [Accepted: 04/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Excessive knee valgus during landing tasks is a contributing factor to knee injuries. Most studies have examined lower extremity biomechanics during the forward direction of a jump-landing task. Athletes perform many movements in the air and land in multi-directions. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to assess the peak knee valgus angle (PKVA) during one leg jump-landing in various directions. Methods Eighteen male basketball and volleyball athletes participated in the study. Participants performed one leg jump-landing tests from a 30 cm height platform in four directions. Knee valgus motion was measured using Vicon™ motion system. The data were analyzed with repeated measures ANOVA. Results Direction significantly (P<0.001) influenced the PKVA during landing. Significantly higher PKVA was observed for the lateral (8.8°±4.7°) direction as compared to forward (5.8°±4.6°) direction (P<0.05). The PKVA in 30° diagonal (7.5°±4.6°) and 60° diagonal (7.7°±5.7°) directions was higher than in the forward direction (P<0.05). Conclusion One leg jump-landing in lateral and diagonal directions results in a higher PKVA compared to landing in a forward direction and could lead to a higher risk of knee injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Komsak Sinsurin
- Faculty of Physical Therapy, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
| | - Roongtiwa Vachalathiti
- Faculty of Physical Therapy, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
- Address: Faculty of Physical Therapy, Mahidol University, 999 Phuttamonthon 4 Road, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand.
| | - Wattana Jalayondeja
- Faculty of Physical Therapy, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
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Steib S, Zech A, Hentschke C, Pfeifer K. Fatigue-induced alterations of static and dynamic postural control in athletes with a history of ankle sprain. J Athl Train 2013; 48:203-8. [PMID: 23672384 DOI: 10.4085/1062-6050-48.1.08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Sensorimotor control is impaired after ankle injury and in fatigued conditions. However, little is known about fatigue-induced alterations of postural control in athletes who have experienced an ankle sprain in the past. OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of fatiguing exercise on static and dynamic balance abilities in athletes who have successfully returned to preinjury levels of sport activity after an ankle sprain. DESIGN Cohort study. SETTING University sport science research laboratory. PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS 30 active athletes, 14 with a previous severe ankle sprain (return to sport activity 6-36 months before study entry; no residual symptoms or subjective instability) and 16 uninjured controls. INTERVENTION(S) Fatiguing treadmill running in 2 experimental sessions to assess dependent measures. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Center-of-pressure sway velocity in single-legged stance and time to stabilization (TTS) after a unilateral jump-landing task (session 1) and maximum reach distance in the Star Excursion Balance Test (SEBT) (session 2) were assessed before and immediately after a fatiguing treadmill exercise. A 2-factorial linear mixed model was specified for each of the main outcomes, and effect sizes (ESs) were calculated as Cohen d. RESULTS In the unfatigued condition, between-groups differences existed only for the anterior-posterior TTS (P = .05, ES = 0.39). Group-by-fatigue interactions were found for mean SEBT (P = .03, ES = 0.43) and anterior-posterior TTS (P = .02, ES = 0.48). Prefatigue versus postfatigue SEBT and TTS differences were greater in previously injured athletes, whereas static sway velocity increased similarly in both groups. CONCLUSIONS Fatiguing running significantly affected static and dynamic postural control in participants with a history of ankle sprain. Fatigue-induced alterations of dynamic postural control were greater in athletes with a previous ankle sprain. Thus, even after successful return to competition, ongoing deficits in sensorimotor control may contribute to the enhanced ankle reinjury risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Steib
- Institute of Sport Science and Sport, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany.
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Liu K, Glutting J, Wikstrom E, Gustavsen G, Royer T, Kaminski TW. Examining the diagnostic accuracy of dynamic postural stability measures in differentiating among ankle instability status. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon) 2013. [PMID: 23186619 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2012.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dynamic postural stability is defined as the ability to transition from a dynamic movement to a stable condition over one's base of support. Measures of dynamic stability have been used extensively to classify ankle instability status and assist clinicians with ankle injury interventions. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine if current methods of quantifying dynamic stability are accurate in differentiating among healthy, coper, and unstable ankles. METHODS One hundred ninety four Division-I collegiate athletes (football, volleyball, field hockey, men's/women's soccer, men's/women's lacrosse, men's/women's basketball) volunteered for this study. Participants were categorized into healthy, coper, and stable groups by a self-reported questionnaire and previous history of ankle injuries. Dynamic postural stability was assessed using the Multi-Directional Dynamic Stability Protocol by jumping and landing single-legged onto a force platform from four different directions. Receiver operator curves were used to analyze the accuracy of current techniques of calculating dynamic stability among groups. FINDINGS None of the existing methods were found to be accurate in differentiating ankle instability status in any of the jump landings. INTERPRETATION Researchers have commonly used these existing methods to quantify dynamic postural stability. None of the current calculation techniques worked with our jump landing protocol. Researchers need to pay attention to the protocol and calculation technique pairings in that using inaccurate measures of dynamic postural stability makes any findings of that research ineffective. Therefore, this challenges researchers to develop a more accurate calculation to quantify dynamic postural stability, or develop a jump landing protocol that exposes sensorimotor deficits in the more able-bodied population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathy Liu
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of Evansville, Evansville, IN, USA.
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BROWN CATHLEENN, BOWSER BRADLEY, ORELLANA ALEXANDER. Dynamic Postural Stability in Females with Chronic Ankle Instability. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2010; 42:2258-63. [DOI: 10.1249/mss.0b013e3181e40108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Ross SE, Guskiewicz KM, Gross MT, Yu B. Balance measures for discriminating between functionally unstable and stable ankles. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2009; 41:399-407. [PMID: 19127184 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0b013e3181872d89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To identify force plate measures that discriminate between ankles with functional instability and stable ankles and to determine the most accurate force plate measure for enabling this distinction. METHODS Twenty-two subjects (177 +/- 10 cm, 77 +/- 16 kg, 21 +/- 2 yr) without a history of ankle injury and 22 subjects (177 +/- 10 cm, 77 +/- 16 kg, 20 +/- 2 yr) with functional ankle instability (FAI) performed a single-leg static balance test and a single-leg jump-landing dynamic balance test. Static force plate measures analyzed in both anterior/posterior (A/P) and medial/lateral (M/L) directions included the following: ground reaction force (GRF) SD; center-of-pressure (COP) SD; mean, maximum, and total COP excursion; and mean and maximum COP velocity. COP area was also analyzed for static balance. A/P and M/L time to stabilization quantified dynamic balance. Greater values of force plate measures indicated impaired balance. A stepwise discriminant function analysis examined group differences, group classification, and accuracy of force plate measures for discriminating between ankle groups. RESULTS The FAI group had greater values than the stable ankle group for A/P GRF SD (P = 0.027), M/L GRF SD (P = 0.006), M/L COP SD (P = 0.046), A/P mean COP velocity (P = 0.015), M/L mean COP velocity (P = 0.016), A/P maximum COP velocity (P = 0.037), M/L mean COP excursion (P = 0.014), M/L total COP excursion (P = 0.016), A/P time to stabilization (P = 0.011), and M/L time to stabilization (P = 0.040). M/L GRF SD and A/P time to stabilization had the greatest accuracy scores of 0.73 and 0.72, respectively. CONCLUSION Although 10 measures identified group differences, M/L GRF SD and A/P time to stabilization were the most accurate in discriminating between ankle groups. These results provide evidence for choosing these GRF measures for evaluating static and dynamic balance deficits associated with FAI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott E Ross
- Department of Health and Human Performance, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284-2020, USA.
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