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Carraro A, Gilic B, Bertolo R, Albergoni A, Sarto F, Roklicer R, Sarto D. Lower back pain in young climbers: a retrospective cross-sectional study. Front Sports Act Living 2023; 5:1328811. [PMID: 38186399 PMCID: PMC10770867 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2023.1328811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective The popularity of sport climbing has been growing since its inclusion in the Olympic Games program, which led to more people practicing it on recreational, amateur, and professional levels. Strenuous climbing training sessions and competitions might lead to frequent and serious musculoskeletal injuries and complaints among competitive climbers. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of low back pain (LBP) and to explore the influence of various risk factors on LBP in adolescent climbers. Methods The sample included 180 competitive climbers (46.6% males) aged 13-19 years competing in under-16 (48.3%) or under-20 categories. Data collection was carried out using the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (NMQ) and the Graded Chronic Pain Scale (GCPS). Results A total of 74.4% of the entire sample of participants (male = 75%; female = 74%) reported lower back complaints throughout the past twelve months, and only 15.5% during the last seven days. A major part of complaints was classified as low intensity-low disability (Grade I, 62.8%; male = 72.6%; female = 54.2%). Under-20 competitors reported a small but significantly higher percentage of almost all NMQ measures compared to under-16 athletes. Conclusions This study found a relatively high prevalence of LBP, although complaints were of limited severity and did not affect climbers' regular training practice. Moreover, climbers did not differ in LBP prevalence according to sex, while climbers from the older age group reported higher complaints and seeking medical attention than younger climbers. Future studies should prospectively monitor the influence of climbing on LBP in youth climbers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Attilio Carraro
- Faculty of Education, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Bozen, Italy
| | - Barbara Gilic
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Split, Split, Croatia
| | - Riccardo Bertolo
- Associazione Sportiva Dilettantistica Opera Verticale, Scorzè, Venezia, Italy
| | - Andrea Albergoni
- Faculty of Education, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Bozen, Italy
| | - Fabio Sarto
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Roberto Roklicer
- Faculty of Education, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Bozen, Italy
| | - Diego Sarto
- School of Human Movement Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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Marth AA, Auer TA, Bertalan G, Gebert P, Kirchenberger T, Geisel D, Hamm B, Keller S. Low back pain in adolescent rowers: Association to muscle changes detected by magnetic resonance imaging. J Sports Sci 2023; 41:1558-1563. [PMID: 37979193 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2023.2283289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
Adult elite rowers are at risk of developing low back pain (LBP). However, LBP data on adolescent elite rowers is currently insufficient. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess LBP prevalence, LBP intensity and training characteristics in male adolescent elite rowers and a healthy control group. Twenty rowers (mean age 15.8 ± 1.2 years) and a non-athletic control group matched by age and gender (n = 13) were prospectively enrolled and underwent LBP assessment with a validated questionnaire and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the lumbar spine muscles, which included a T2-mapping sequence. From the quantitative image data, T2 relaxation times were calculated. The prevalence of LBP in the last 24 hours and 3 months in the rowing group was 55.0% and 85.0%, respectively, compared to 23.1% and 30.8% in the control group (p < 0.001). Rowers had significantly longer T2 relaxation times of the paraspinal muscles compared to controls (p ≤ 0.041). LBP intensity was associated with longer T2 relaxation times (p < 0.001). Adolescent rowers had a higher prevalence of LBP compared to an age-matched control group. The observed increase in T2 relaxation might be explained by muscle soreness due to strenuous exercise, which is correlated with short-term pain intensity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian A Marth
- Department of Radiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Timo A Auer
- Department of Radiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Clinician Scientist Program, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Gergely Bertalan
- Department of Radiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Pimrapat Gebert
- Institute for Biometry, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Timo Kirchenberger
- Department of Sports Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dominik Geisel
- Department of Radiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bernd Hamm
- Department of Radiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sarah Keller
- Department of Radiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Physiological and biomechanical responses to exercise on two different types of rowing ergometers in NCAA Division I oarswomen. Eur J Appl Physiol 2023:10.1007/s00421-023-05172-w. [PMID: 36929015 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-023-05172-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stationary (SE) and dynamic (DE) rowing ergometers, that are utilized for indoor training and physical assessment of competitive rowers, may elicit different physiological and biomechanical responses. The present study used SE and DE ergometers to examine submaximal and peak physiological and biomechanical responses during an incremental rowing test. METHODS Twelve National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I oarswomen performed seven-stage rowing tests with the last stage performed with maximal effort. Heart rate (HR), lactate (LA), oxygen uptake (VO2), ventilation (VE), stroke rate (SR), gross efficiency (GE), and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) were obtained; while trunk, hip, knee, shoulder, and elbow ranges of motion (ROM) were measured. RESULTS SR was higher at maximal stage DE (29.3 vs. 34.8 strokes/min, p = 0.018, d = 1.213). No difference occurred in responses of maximal stage HR, RPE, VO2, VE, LA, or GE between the two ergometers. Submaximal LA and SR were greater on the DE for all submaximal stages. Submaximal VE was greater on the DE for all submaximal stages except Stage 3 (p = 0.160, d = 0.655). VO2 was higher on the DE Stages 2-5. GE was higher on the SE for Stages 2-5. Athletes showed increased trunk (p = 0.025, [Formula: see text] = 0.488) and knee (p = 0.004, [Formula: see text] = 0.668) ROM on SE. CONCLUSION Rowing on the DE appears to elicit a greater stroke rate and more optimal joint angles especially at high intensities. Hence, the DE is worthy of consideration as a preferred ergometer for women rowers.
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Athy V, Hach S, Anderson H, Mason J. Examining the Peer-Reviewed Published Literature Regarding Low Back Pain in Rowing: A Scoping Review. Int J Sports Phys Ther 2023; 18:55-69. [PMID: 36793564 PMCID: PMC9897042 DOI: 10.26603/001c.67836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Low back pain (LBP) is highly prevalent in the rowing population. The body of existing research variously investigates risk factors, prevention, and treatment methods. Purpose The purpose of this scoping review was to explore the breadth and depth of the LBP literature in rowing and to identify areas for future research. Study Design Scoping review. Methods PubMed, Ebsco and ScienceDirect were searched from inception to November 1, 2020. Only published, peer-reviewed, primary, and secondary data pertaining to LBP in rowing were included for this study. Arksey and O'Malley's framework for guided data synthesis was used. Reporting quality of a subsection of the data was assessed using the STROBE tool. Results Following the removal of duplicates and abstract screening, a set of 78 studies were included and divided into the following categories: epidemiology, biomechanics, biopsychosocial, and miscellaneous. The incidence and prevalence of LBP in rowers were well mapped. The biomechanical literature covered a wide range of investigations with limited cohesion. Significant risk factors for LBP in rowers included back pain history and prolonged ergometer use. Conclusion A lack of consistent definitions within the studies caused fragmentation of the literature. There was good evidence for prolonged ergometer use and history of LBP to constitute risk factors and this may assist future LBP preventative action. Methodological issues such as small sample size and barriers to injury reporting increased heterogeneity and decreased data quality. Further exploration is required to determine the mechanism of LBP in rowers through research with larger samples.
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Nakao H, Imai R, Hamada T, Imaoka M, Hida M, Morifuji T, Hashimoto M. Factors affecting chronic low back pain among high school baseball players in Japan: A pilot study. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0280453. [PMID: 36701350 PMCID: PMC9879397 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0280453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of chronic lower back pain (CLBP) among baseball players is high. CLBP is associated with reduced participation in practice and games. This pilot study examined the factors associated with CLBP among high school baseball players in Fukui, Japan. The participants underwent two health examinations in high school: (1) as first-grade baseball players (baseline) and (2) as second-grade baseball players (follow-up); a total of 59 players who could be followed-up a year later were included in the study. Players were divided into three groups based on whether they had no lower back pain (LBP) (n = 30), improved LBP (n = 17), or CLBP (n = 12) after 1 year of follow-up. Players were evaluated on the physical and cognitive aspects of pain. The Number Rating System, Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS), Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia (TSK), Central Sensitization Inventory (CSI), body characteristics (age, height, weight, body mass index, and skeletal mass index), and a medical history questionnaire regarding spondylolysis and baseball loads were used to evaluate the players. Inventory scores were highest in the CLBP group, which indicated that this group had significant pain that affected their willingness to engage in baseball-related activities. The TSK scores in the CLBP group were worse on follow-up. High school baseball players with CLBP were more likely to have lumbar spondylolysis and kinesiophobia, which are also factors related to pain chronicity. Kinesiophobia and the presence of lumbar spondylolysis should be considered when creating an exercise program for high school baseball players with CLBP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidetoshi Nakao
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Social Work Studies, Josai International University, Togane City, Chiba, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Ryota Imai
- School of Rehabilitation, Osaka Kawasaki Rehabilitation University, Kaizuka City, Osaka, Japan
| | - Taro Hamada
- Department of Rehabilitation, Osaka Global Orthopedic Hospital, Joto-ku Osaka City, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masakazu Imaoka
- School of Rehabilitation, Osaka Kawasaki Rehabilitation University, Kaizuka City, Osaka, Japan
| | - Mitsumasa Hida
- School of Rehabilitation, Osaka Kawasaki Rehabilitation University, Kaizuka City, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takeshi Morifuji
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Social Work Studies, Josai International University, Togane City, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masashi Hashimoto
- Department of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Nara Gakuen University, Nara City, Nara, Japan
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6
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Musculoskeletal injuries in fixed-seat rowing. Sci Sports 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.scispo.2022.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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7
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Wall J, Meehan WP, Trompeter K, Gissane C, Mockler D, van Dyk N, Wilson F. Incidence, prevalence and risk factors for low back pain in adolescent athletes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Sports Med 2022; 56:1299-1306. [PMID: 36150752 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2021-104749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the incidence, prevalence, risk factors and morphological presentations of low back pain (LBP) in adolescent athletes. DESIGN Systematic review with meta-analysis. DATA SOURCES Medline, Embase, CINAHL via EBSCO, Web of Science, Scopus. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA FOR SELECTING STUDIES Studies evaluating the incidence and/or prevalence of LBP in adolescent athletes across all sports. RESULTS There were 80 studies included. The pooled incidence estimate of LBP in adolescent athletes was 11% (95% CI 8% to 13%, I2=0%) for 2 years, 36.0% (95% CI 4% to 68%, I2=99.3%) for 12 months and 14% (95% CI 7% to 22%, I2=76%) for 6 months incidence estimates. The pooled prevalence estimate of LBP in adolescent athletes was 42% (95% CI 29% to 55%, I2=96.6%) for last 12 months, 46% (95% CI 41.0% to 52%, I2=56%) for last 3 months and 16% (95% CI 9% to 23%, I2=98.3%) for point prevalence. Potential risk factors were sport participation, sport volume/intensity, concurrent lower extremity pain, overweight/high body mass index, older adolescent age, female sex and family history of LBP. The most common morphology reported was spondylolysis. Methodological quality was deemed high in 73% of cross-sectional studies and in 30% of cohort studies. Common reasons for downgrading at quality assessment were use of non-validated survey instruments and imprecision or absence of LBP definition. SUMMARY/CONCLUSION LBP is common among adolescent athletes, although incidence and prevalence vary considerably due to differences in study methodology, definitions of LBP and data collection. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42020157206.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Wall
- Discipline of Physiotherapy, School of Medicine, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - William P Meehan
- The Micheli Center for Sports Injury Prevention, Division of Sports Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Waltham, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Katharina Trompeter
- Department of Applied Health Sciences, Division of Physiotherapy, Hochschule für Gesundheit Bochum, Bochum, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany.,Department of Sports Medicine and Sports Nutrition, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany
| | - Conor Gissane
- Discipline of Physiotherapy, School of Medicine, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - David Mockler
- John Stearne Medical Library, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Nicol van Dyk
- High Performance Unit, Irish Rugby Football Union, Dublin, Ireland.,Section Sports Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Fiona Wilson
- Discipline of Physiotherapy, School of Medicine, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
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8
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Ansari S, Sharma S. Prevalence and risk factors of chronic low back pain in university athletes: a cross-sectional study. PHYSICIAN SPORTSMED 2022:1-10. [PMID: 35914545 DOI: 10.1080/00913847.2022.2108351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
AIM This study aimed to establish the prevalence of chronic low back pain (CLBP) in university-level athletes and to examine the influence of age, sex, body mass index (BMI), sports discipline, sleep, anxiety, and depression on CLBP. The secondary purpose was to check the association of certain variables in athletes having CLBP with the sports discipline and chronicity of LBP. METHODS A total of 340 players (100% response rate) from different sports, aged 18-30 years with at least 1 year of participation in sports at the university level were screened for the present study. The subjects completed a detailed, semi-structured questionnaire that gathered data regarding their demographic variables, personal and pain-related factors. The study was registered on the clinical trials registry, India (CTRI/2021/09/036675). RESULTS The results revealed the sport-wise point prevalence as follows: cricket (18.5%), basketball (15.6%), volleyball (20.0%), football (11.4%), badminton (7.7%) and tennis (7.7%). A higher number of years at university-level participation (>4 years), smoking, anxiety and BMI (>25 kg/m2) are risk factors for CLBP. The type of LBP, the intensity of the pain (current and last week), variation of the pain intensity, disability, intake of oral medications, physiotherapy for CLBP, number of missed days of training and number of missed matches are not significantly related to the chronicity of LBP or the sports discipline. Only the number of missed days of training had a significant association with the chronicity of LBP. CONCLUSIONS CLBP is a common complaint in Indian university athletes, and our findings indicate the necessity for a specific prevention program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumbul Ansari
- Centre for Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University), New Delhi, India
| | - Saurabh Sharma
- Centre for Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University), New Delhi, India
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9
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Schäfer R, Schäfer H, Platen P. Perturbation-based trunk stabilization training in elite rowers: A pilot study. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0268699. [PMID: 35587490 PMCID: PMC9119454 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0268699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction
Low back pain is a major health issue in elite rowers. High training volume, frequent flexion movements of the lower spine and rotational movement in sweep rowing contribute to increased spinal strain and neuropathological patterns. Perturbation-based trunk stabilization training (PTT) may be effective to treat neuromuscular deficits and low back pain.
Methods
All boat classes (8+, 4+/-, 2-) of the male German national sweep rowing team participated in this non-randomized parallel group study. We included 26 athletes (PTT: n = 12, control group: n = 14) in our analysis. Physical and Sports therapists conducted 16 individualized PTT sessions á 30–40 minutes in 10 weeks, while the control group kept the usual routines. We collected data before and after intervention on back pain intensity and disability, maximum isometric trunk extension and flexion, jump height and postural sway of single-leg stance.
Results
We found less disability (5.3 points, 95% CI [0.4, 10.1], g = 0.42) for PTT compared to control. Pain intensity decreased similar in both groups (-14.4 and -15.4 points), yielding an inconclusive between-group effect (95% CI [-16.3, 14.3]). Postural sway, strength and jump height tend to have no between- and within-group effects.
Conclusion
Perturbation-based trunk stabilization training is possibly effective to improve the physical function of the lower back in elite rowers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Schäfer
- Department of Sports Medicine and Sports Nutrition, Faculty of Sport Science, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Hendrik Schäfer
- Department of Sports Medicine and Sports Nutrition, Faculty of Sport Science, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Petra Platen
- Department of Sports Medicine and Sports Nutrition, Faculty of Sport Science, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
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Alvero-Cruz JR, Santonja-Medina F, Sanz-Mengibar JM, Sainz de Baranda P. The Sagittal Integral Morphotype in Male and Female Rowers. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:12930. [PMID: 34948541 PMCID: PMC8700818 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182412930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The goal of this study was to describe the integrated spinal assessment of the sagittal morphotype in rowers to determine whether the intense practice of rowing causes a modification of the sagittal curvatures of the spine, its relationship with the rowing technique, and training background. The second goal was to analyse how the dorsal and lumbar curves behave in the three phases of the rowing gesture, and to determine which phases can be detrimental to the correct development of the spine during growth. We analysed the spine curvatures in the sagittal plane of 29 females and 82 males, which were measured with an inclinometer in standing, slump sitting, maximal trunk flexion and during rowing performance. The average value of thoracic kyphosis in the rowers was 30° (mean, 30 + 8.27°). Thoracic hyperkyphosis was found in only two rowers (1.8%). Lumbar lordosis was within normal range in 84.1% of the males (mean, 27 + 9.57°) and 75.9% of female rowers (mean, 33°). Functional thoracic hyperkyphosis was observed in 57.4% of the males and 17.1% of the females. Functional lumbar hyperkyphosis was observed in 28 of the 69 males (40.5%) and five of 22 females (17.2%). Rowing seems to provide adequate spine alignment in the sagittal plane on standing. The integrated spinal assessment of the sagittal morphotype showed that half or our rowers presented with functional thoracic hyperkyphosis, and 43.2% presented with functional lumbar hyperkyphosis. Spine behaviour during the rowing technique shows that the thoracic kyphosis (98.2%) and lumbar spine (91%) perform within normative ranges and could explain the adequate positioning of the spine in the sagittal plane on standing. Years of rowing training tend to reduce thoracic kyphosis in males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Ramón Alvero-Cruz
- Andalucía Tech, Faculty of Medicine, Campus de Teatinos, University of Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain;
| | - Fernando Santonja-Medina
- Sports and Musculoskeletal System Research Group (RAQUIS), University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (J.M.S.-M.); (P.S.d.B.)
- Department of Surgery, Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, “Virgen de la Arrixaca” University Clinical Hospital, 30120 Murcia, Spain
| | - Jose Manuel Sanz-Mengibar
- Sports and Musculoskeletal System Research Group (RAQUIS), University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (J.M.S.-M.); (P.S.d.B.)
- Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London NW1 2BU, UK
| | - Pilar Sainz de Baranda
- Sports and Musculoskeletal System Research Group (RAQUIS), University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (J.M.S.-M.); (P.S.d.B.)
- Department of Physical Activity and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
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11
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Wedatilake T, Palmer A, Fernquest S, Redgrave A, Arnold L, Kluzek S, McGregor A, Teh J, Newton J, Glyn-Jones S. Association between hip joint impingement and lumbar disc disease in elite rowers. BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med 2021; 7:e001063. [PMID: 34790361 PMCID: PMC8565560 DOI: 10.1136/bmjsem-2021-001063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Lumbar disc disease is a known cause of back pain. Increasingly it is thought that cam morphology of the hip may have a causal role in development of lumbar disc disease. The aim of this study was to describe the morphology of the hip and investigate the association of cam morphology with lumbar disc disease observed on MRI in elite rowers. Methods Cross-sectional observational study of 20 elite rowers (12 male, 8 female, mean age 24.45, SD 2.1). Assessment included clinical examination, questionnaires, 3T MRI scans of the hips and lumbar spine. Alpha angle of the hips and Pfirrmann score of lumbar discs were measured. Results 85% of rowers had a cam morphology in at least one hip. Alpha angle was greatest at the 1 o’clock position ((bone 70.9 (SD 16.9), cartilage 71.4 (16.3)). 95% of the group were noted to have labral tears, but only 50% of the group had history of groin pain. 85% of rowers had at least one disc with a Pfirrmann score of 3 or more and 95% had a history of back pain. A positive correlation was observed between the alpha angle and radiological degenerative disc disease (correlation coefficient=3.13, p=0.012). A negative correlation was observed between hip joint internal rotation and radiological degenerative disc disease (correlation coefficient=−2.60, p=0.018). Conclusions Rowers have a high prevalence of labral tears, cam morphology and lumbar disc disease. There is a possible association between cam morphology and radiological lumbar degenerative disc disease, however, further investigation is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thamindu Wedatilake
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,England and Wales Cricket Board, London, UK
| | - Antony Palmer
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital Stanmore, Stanmore, UK
| | - S Fernquest
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Liz Arnold
- British Rowing, London, UK.,English Institute of Sport, Bisham, UK
| | - Stefan Kluzek
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Department of SEM, University of Nottingham School of Medicine, Nottingham, UK
| | | | - James Teh
- Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Julia Newton
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Sion Glyn-Jones
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
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12
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Yabe Y, Hagiwara Y, Sekiguchi T, Momma H, Tsuchiya M, Kanazawa K, Yoshida S, Sogi Y, Onoki T, Suzuki K, Takahashi T, Itoi E, Nagatomi R. Low Back Pain in Young Sports Players: A Cross-sectional Study in Japan. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2021; 46:1154-1159. [PMID: 34384092 DOI: 10.1097/brs.0000000000003978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN A cross-sectional study. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this large cohort study was to assess the prevalence of low back pain (LBP) among young players participating in several types of sports. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA LBP is a significant problem among young sports players. Sport discipline among young players is thought to be associated with LBP. However, similar previous studies did not specifically analyze LBP by age and sex. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted with young sports players (ages 6-15 years, n = 7277) using a self-reported questionnaire. The prevalence of LBP was assessed using the variables of age, sex, and sport discipline. RESULTS The point prevalence of LBP among young sports players was 5.0%. The participants between 6 and 8 years' old had the lowest prevalence of LBP (0.4%-1.3%), which increased with aging and reached the highest proportion of 13.5% to 14.8% at 13 to 14 years. Furthermore, female players had significantly higher proportions of LBP than male players (8.1% vs. 3.7%). Regarding sport discipline, the prevalence of LBP was higher in basketball, handball, and volleyball. CONCLUSION The prevalence of LBP among young sports players was different for age, sex, and sport discipline. Further studies are needed to clarify the association of sport-specific movements to LBP in each sport discipline. This may assist in developing programs or strategies for preventing LBP among young sports players.Level of Evidence: 3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaka Yabe
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Hagiwara
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Japan
- Department of Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Japan
| | - Takuya Sekiguchi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Japan
| | - Haruki Momma
- Department of Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Japan
| | - Masahiro Tsuchiya
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Science, Tohoku Fukushi University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kenji Kanazawa
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Japan
| | - Shinichirou Yoshida
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yasuhito Sogi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Japan
| | - Takahiro Onoki
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Suzuki
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tadahisa Takahashi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Japan
| | - Eiji Itoi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Japan
| | - Ryoichi Nagatomi
- Department of Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Japan
- Division of Biomedical Engineering for Health and Welfare, Tohoku University Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Japan
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Maselli F, Rossettini G, Storari L, Barbari V, Viceconti A, Geri T, Testa M. Knowledge and management of low back pain as running-related injuries among Italian physical therapists: findings from a national survey. PHYSICIAN SPORTSMED 2021; 49:278-288. [PMID: 32997551 DOI: 10.1080/00913847.2020.1816124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the beliefs, knowledge, attitudes, behavior, and the clinical management procedures of the Italian physical therapists specialized in orthopedic manipulative physical therapy (OMPT) toward running and its correlation with low back pain (LBP).Design: A cross-sectional online survey was conducted in 2019, according to the Checklist for Reporting Results of Internet E-Surveys (CHERRIES) and Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) guidelines.Setting: Italy.Participants: One thousand two hundred and eighteen Italian OMPTs. METHODS Survey Monkey software was used to administer the survey. The questionnaire was self-reported and included 26 questions. Descriptive statistics were used and related to the effective respondents for each question. RESULTS One thousand two hundred and eighteen questionnaires (60.9%) were included in the analysis. A considerable cohort of OMPTs working in private practice clinical settings (n = 845; 69.4%; 95% CI 66.7-71.9) has indicated running not to be a relevant risk factor for the onset of LBP (n = 806; 66.2%; 95% CI 63.4-68.8). Moreover, most of the participants (n = 679; 55.7%; 95% CI 52.9-58.5) adopted a combination of manual therapy techniques and therapeutic exercise for the management of runners with LBP. CONCLUSIONS Widespread knowledge of clinical and theoretical management of LBP in runners-patients has emerged among Italian OMPTs. The OMPTs' academic background agrees with the recent literature and therefore highlights the paucity of studies related to LBP as running-related injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Maselli
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetic and Maternal Infantile Sciences (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, Savona, Italy.,Sovrintendenza Sanitaria Regionale Puglia INAIL, Bari, Italy
| | - Giacomo Rossettini
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetic and Maternal Infantile Sciences (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, Savona, Italy.,Private Practice, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Storari
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetic and Maternal Infantile Sciences (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, Savona, Italy.,Private Practice, Italy
| | - Valerio Barbari
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetic and Maternal Infantile Sciences (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, Savona, Italy.,Private Practice, Italy
| | - Antonello Viceconti
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetic and Maternal Infantile Sciences (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, Savona, Italy.,Private Practice, Italy
| | - Tommaso Geri
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetic and Maternal Infantile Sciences (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, Savona, Italy.,Private Practice, Italy
| | - Marco Testa
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetic and Maternal Infantile Sciences (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, Savona, Italy
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Alijanpour E, Abbasi A, Needham RA, Naemi R. Spine and pelvis coordination variability in rowers with and without chronic low back pain during rowing. J Biomech 2021; 120:110356. [PMID: 33730558 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2021.110356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare the spine-pelvis coordination and coordination variability (CV) during rowing in elite rowers with and without chronic low back pain (CLBP). Fourteen professional rowers (6 healthy and 8 with CLBP) participated in this study. 3D kinematic of upper trunk (UT), lower trunk (LT), lower back (LB), and pelvis segments during ergometer rowing at 70% and 100% of peak power were captured. The adjacent segments' coordination and CV were calculated using modified vector coding method. The results showed that segments' range of motion increased in both groups with increasing intensity, especially in CLBP rowers. CLBP rowers showed significantly lower: LT dominancy in LT/LB coordination at both intensities; anti-phase pattern in LB/Pelvis coordination at 100% intensity; UT/LT CV in early recovery, and significantly higher LB/Pelvis CV in final recovery and catch position (p < 0.05). Moreover, both groups showed significantly lower UT dominancy for UT/LT coordination in sagittal plane; higher anti-phase pattern in frontal plane; lower UT/LT CV in sagittal plane, lower LT/LB CV in sagittal and transverse plane, lower LB/Pelvis CV in frontal plane in trunk preparation phase, and a lower UT/LT CV in frontal plane for acceleration phase at 100% versus 70% intensity. In conclusion rowers with CLBP cannot adapt their coordination pattern and its variability with increase in intensity, and the movement in the kinematic chain from pelvis to UT stops in spine-pelvic junction. These findings have practical implications in designing coaching and rehabilitation strategies to facilitate performance and prevent injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Alijanpour
- Department of Biomechanics and Sports Injuries, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Abbasi
- Department of Biomechanics and Sports Injuries, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Robert A Needham
- Centre for Biomechanics and Rehabilitation Technologies, School of Life Sciences and Education, Staffordshire University, Science Centre Leek Road Stoke on Trent, ST4 2DF, UK
| | - Roozbeh Naemi
- Centre for Biomechanics and Rehabilitation Technologies, School of Life Sciences and Education, Staffordshire University, Science Centre Leek Road Stoke on Trent, ST4 2DF, UK
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15
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Wilkie K, Thornton JS, Vinther A, Trease L, McDonnell SJ, Wilson F. Clinical management of acute low back pain in elite and subelite rowers: a Delphi study of experienced and expert clinicians. Br J Sports Med 2021; 55:1324-1334. [DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2020-102520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
ObjectivesRowing-related low back pain (LBP) is common but published management research is lacking. This study aims to establish assessment and management behaviours and beliefs of experienced and expert clinicians when elite and subelite rowers present with an acute episode of LBP; second, to investigate how management differs for developing and masters rowers. This original research is intended to be used to develop rowing-related LBP management guidelines.MethodsA three-round Delphi survey was used. Experienced clinicians participated in an internet-based survey (round 1), answering open-ended questions about assessment and management of rowing-related LBP. Statements were generated from the survey for expert clinicians to rate (round 2) and rerate (round 3). Consensus was gained when agreement reached a mean of 7 out of 10 and disagreement was 2 SD or less.ResultsThirty-one experienced clinicians participated in round 1. Thirteen of 20 invited expert clinicians responded to round 2 (response rate 65%) and 12 of the 13 participated in round 3 (response rate 92%).One hundred and fifty-three of 215 statements (71%) relating to the management of LBP in elite and subelite rowers acquired consensus status. Four of six statements (67%) concerning developing rowers and two of four (50%) concerning masters rowers gained consensus.ConclusionIn the absence of established evidence, these consensus-derived statements are imperative to inform the development of guidelines for the assessment and management of rowing-related LBP. Findings broadly reflect adult LBP guidelines with specific differences. Future research is needed to strengthen specific recommendations and develop best practice guidelines in this athletic population.
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Maselli F, Esculier JF, Storari L, Mourad F, Rossettini G, Barbari V, Pennella D, Cataldi F, Viceconti A, Geri T, Testa M. Low back pain among Italian runners: A cross-sectional survey. Phys Ther Sport 2021; 48:136-145. [PMID: 33434869 DOI: 10.1016/j.ptsp.2020.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low Back Pain (LBP) is commonly reported as a very frequent disorder in sports, but its prevalence in runners remains unclear. OBJECTIVES To determine the prevalence of LBP in a wide sample of Italian runners. DESIGN A cross-sectional online survey. SETTING A national survey, according to the CHERRIES and STROBE guidelines, was performed in 2019. PARTICIPANTS 2539 Italian runners. METHODS A sample of Italian runners registered with national running associations was recruited. The survey was conducted using an online survey development platform. The questionnaire was self-reported and included 38 questions. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Descriptive statistics and frequencies were used to analyze results. Relationships between demographics, daily habits and running characteristics and the responses given was calculated with Cramer's V. Only correlation values higher >0.60 were deemed of interest. RESULTS 2539 questionnaires (63.5%) were valid for analysis. In total, 22.6% of runners reported having experienced LBP in the past year. Most participants (77.0%) reporting episodes of LBP believed it was not caused by running. No significant correlations (Cramer's V < 0.60) were found between LBP and demographics, training characteristics or lifestyle habits. CONCLUSION The prevalence of LBP among Italian runners was 22,57%. LBP was not associated with training, equipment or lifestyle.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Maselli
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetic and Maternal Infantile Sciences (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, Campus of Savona, Savona, Italy; Sovrintendenza Sanitaria Regionale Puglia INAIL, Bari, Italy.
| | - J F Esculier
- The Running Clinic, Lac Beauport, QC, Canada; Department of Physical Therapy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - L Storari
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetic and Maternal Infantile Sciences (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, Campus of Savona, Savona, Italy
| | - F Mourad
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - G Rossettini
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetic and Maternal Infantile Sciences (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, Campus of Savona, Savona, Italy
| | - V Barbari
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetic and Maternal Infantile Sciences (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, Campus of Savona, Savona, Italy
| | - D Pennella
- Department of Medicine and Health Science "Vincenzo Tiberio", University of Molise C/da Tappino c/o Cardarelli Hospital, Campobasso, Italy
| | - F Cataldi
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - A Viceconti
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetic and Maternal Infantile Sciences (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, Campus of Savona, Savona, Italy
| | - T Geri
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetic and Maternal Infantile Sciences (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, Campus of Savona, Savona, Italy
| | - M Testa
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetic and Maternal Infantile Sciences (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, Campus of Savona, Savona, Italy
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Maselli F, Storari L, Barbari V, Colombi A, Turolla A, Gianola S, Rossettini G, Testa M. Prevalence and incidence of low back pain among runners: a systematic review. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2020; 21:343. [PMID: 32493481 PMCID: PMC7271446 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-020-03357-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Running is one of the most popular sports worldwide. Despite low back pain (LBP) represents the most common musculoskeletal disorder in population and in sports, there is currently sparse evidence about prevalence, incidence and risk factors for LBP among runners. The aims of this systematic review were to investigate among runners: prevalence and incidence of LBP and specific risk factors for the onset of LBP. Methods A systematic review has been conducted according to the guidelines of the PRISMA statement. The research was conducted in the following databases from their inception to 31st of July 2019: PubMed; CINAHL; Google Scholar; Ovid; PsycINFO; PSYNDEX; Embase; SPORTDiscus; Scientific Electronic Library Online; Cochrane Library and Web of Science. The checklists of The Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal tools were used to investigate the risk of bias of the included studies. Results Nineteen studies were included and the interrater agreement for full-text selection was good (K = 0.78; 0.61–0.80 IC 95%). Overall, low values of prevalence (0.7–20.2%) and incidence (0.3–22%) of LBP among runners were reported. Most reported risk factors were: running for more than 6 years; body mass index > 24; higher physical height; not performing traditional aerobics activity weekly; restricted range of motion of hip flexion; difference between leg-length; poor hamstrings and back flexibility. Conclusions: Prevalence and incidence of LBP among runners are low compared to the others running related injuries and to general, or specific population of athletes. View the low level of incidence and prevalence of LBP, running could be interpreted as a protective factor against the onset of LBP. Systematic review registration PROSPERO CRD42018102001.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Maselli
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetic and Maternal Infantile Sciences (DINOGMI), University of Genova - Campus of Savona, Savona, Italy. .,Sovrintendenza Sanitaria Regionale Puglia INAIL, Bari, Italy.
| | - Lorenzo Storari
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetic and Maternal Infantile Sciences (DINOGMI), University of Genova - Campus of Savona, Savona, Italy
| | - Valerio Barbari
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetic and Maternal Infantile Sciences (DINOGMI), University of Genova - Campus of Savona, Savona, Italy
| | - Andrea Colombi
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetic and Maternal Infantile Sciences (DINOGMI), University of Genova - Campus of Savona, Savona, Italy
| | - Andrea Turolla
- IRCCS, San Camillo, Laboratory of Rehabilitation Technologies, Rehabilitation Research Unit, Venice, Italy
| | - Silvia Gianola
- IRCCS, Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Unit of Clinical Epidemiology, Milano, Italy
| | - Giacomo Rossettini
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetic and Maternal Infantile Sciences (DINOGMI), University of Genova - Campus of Savona, Savona, Italy
| | - Marco Testa
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetic and Maternal Infantile Sciences (DINOGMI), University of Genova - Campus of Savona, Savona, Italy
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Rowing Injuries in Elite Athletes: A Review of Incidence with Risk Factors and the Role of Biomechanics in Its Management. Indian J Orthop 2020; 54:246-255. [PMID: 32399142 PMCID: PMC7205948 DOI: 10.1007/s43465-020-00044-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rowing is an Olympic sport gaining popularity in India and injuries are common in these athletes. Determinants of performance, injury risk and training are all interrelated in rowing. Injuries result from various risk factors including fitness issues and improper techniques. Rowers should have adequate leg extension strength and lumbo-pelvic coordination to produce and transmit power from the legs to the oar handle. Biomechanical analysis of the rowing stroke can help in preventing injuries and optimise technique for best performance. It involves a detailed and systematic observation of movement patterns to establish the quality of the movement and provide feedback to the rower about the key variables affecting performance and injury risk. Kinetics such as foot forces and kinematics such as key joint angles can be accurately measured by instrumented foot stretcher and three-dimensional motion capture. AIM To do a detailed review of literature regarding the incidence and risk factors for rowing injuries and to get an insight on the role of biomechanics in its management. MATERIALS AND METHODS Literature review was carried out with standard academic search engines and databases including Science Direct, PubMed and Google Scholar using keywords of relevance. A total number of 38 articles were analysed and results were collated to compile this review report. RESULTS Lumbar spine is most commonly injured (up to 53%), followed by rib cage (9-10%) and shoulder and other anatomical areas. Rowers with a trunk-driven rowing action will have a lower hip:trunk score and carry a high injury risk. A player with lumbar injury will take a minimum of 3-4 months to recover. CONCLUSION Rowing injuries are common. Regular screening of the rowing athletes by comprehensive fitness and biomechanics assessment will help in prevention of injuries. Rowers need to be tested for pain, strength, flexibility, reproducibility of rowing action with modified mechanics, coordination, fatigue level, explosive power, aerobic and anaerobic endurance. Early recognition of risk factors and timely intervention is the key aspect of a successful return to play.
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Beynon AM, Hebert JJ, Lebouef-Yde C, Walker BF. Potential risk factors and triggers for back pain in children and young adults. A scoping review, part II: unclear or mixed types of back pain. Chiropr Man Therap 2019; 27:61. [PMID: 31827768 PMCID: PMC6862810 DOI: 10.1186/s12998-019-0281-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Back pain is a global problem in terms of disability and financially, with a large burden both to the individual and to society. Back pain was previously believed to be uncommon in children. However, there is a growing body of evidence that this is not the case. Objective Part I of this scoping review studied risk factors of incident and episodic back pain. In this part II we aimed to identify all risk factors and triggers with unclear or mixed type back pain in young people and to identify any gaps in the literature. Methods A scoping review design was selected to summarise the evidence, as there are many studies on "risk factors" for back pain. The scoping review followed the PRISMSA-ScR guidelines. We considered all studies that tested potential risk factors and triggers for thoracic and/or lumbar spine pain, in children, adolescents, and young adults (≤ 24 years). PubMed and Cochrane databases were searched from inception to September 2018, to identify relevant English language articles. The results regarding potential risk factors were separated into temporal precursors and bidirectional risk factors and the studies were classified by study design. Results Our comprehensive search strategy identified 7356 articles, of which 83 articles were considered eligible for this review (part II). There were 53 cross-sectional studies and 30 cohort studies. Potential risk factors for back pain were: female sex, older age, later pubertal status, positive family history of back pain, increased growth, and a history of back pain, most of which are temporal precursor variables. There was limited research for the illness factors, spinal posture, and muscle endurance in the development of back pain. Conclusion Many of the included studies approached risk factors in similar ways and found factors that were associated with back pain but were not obvious risk factors as causality was uncertain. Future research should be more rigorous and innovative in the way that risk factors are considered. This could be through statistical approaches including cumulative exposures, or longitudinal approaches including multi-trajectory methods. Additionally, data on proposed risk factors should be collected before the onset of back pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber M Beynon
- College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch, 6150 Western Australia Australia
| | - Jeffrey J Hebert
- College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch, 6150 Western Australia Australia
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of New Brunswick, 3 Bailey Drive, Fredericton, New Brunswick E3B 5A3 Canada
| | - Charlotte Lebouef-Yde
- College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch, 6150 Western Australia Australia
- Institute for Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Bruce F Walker
- College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch, 6150 Western Australia Australia
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Kikuchi R, Hirano T, Watanabe K, Sano A, Sato T, Ito T, Endo N, Tanabe N. Gender differences in the prevalence of low back pain associated with sports activities in children and adolescents: a six-year annual survey of a birth cohort in Niigata City, Japan. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2019; 20:327. [PMID: 31299959 PMCID: PMC6626327 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-019-2707-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study was conducted to determine gender differences in the relationship between extracurricular sports activities (ECSA) and low back pain (LBP) in children and adolescents. METHODS In a cohort analysis of a 6-year birth cohort annual survey, students were followed from the fourth to sixth grades of elementary school (E4-E6; 9-12 years old) through the first to third grades of junior high school (J1-J3; 12-15 years old). All students completed annual questionnaires on ECSA and LBP. The odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated to assess the association strength between ECSA and LBP. We also calculated the population attributable fraction (PAF), which was defined as the proportion of students with ECSA-related LBP among all students with LBP. RESULTS ECSA was significantly associated with LBP only in grade J3 among boys (OR: 2.00, 95% CI: 1.47-2.71). On the other hand, among girls, ECSA was significantly associated with LBP in grades E5 (OR: 1.48, 95% CI: 1.00-2.20), E6 (OR: 1.91, 95% CI: 1.33-2.75), and J3 (OR: 1.81, 95% CI: 1.26-2.61). Among boys, PAF was similar in all grades (range, 10-16%), whereas among girls, the PAF varied (- 11 to 29%) and was significantly higher in girls than in boys in grades E5 (19.0% vs. 1.1%, P < 0.01) and E6 (28.8% vs. 12.8%, P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Although there was a link between ECSA and LBP in both boys and girls, girls were more susceptible to ECSA-related LBP, especially in grades E5 and E6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ren Kikuchi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Niigata Rosai Hospital, 12-7-1 touuntyou, Jouetsu City, Niigata, Japan. .,Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Regenerative and Transplant Medicine, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 1-757 asahimachidori, chuoku, Niigata City, Niigata, Japan.
| | - Toru Hirano
- Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Regenerative and Transplant Medicine, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 1-757 asahimachidori, chuoku, Niigata City, Niigata, Japan
| | - Kei Watanabe
- Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Regenerative and Transplant Medicine, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 1-757 asahimachidori, chuoku, Niigata City, Niigata, Japan
| | - Atsuki Sano
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Tsuruoka Municipal Shonai Hospital, 4-20 izumityou, Tsuruoka City, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Sato
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Niigata Prefectural Shibata Hospital, 1-2-8 hontyou, Shibata City, Niigata, Japan
| | - Takui Ito
- Department of Orthopedic surgery, Nagata clinic, 4-1205 nagata, chuoku, Niigata City, Niigata, Japan
| | - Naoto Endo
- Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Regenerative and Transplant Medicine, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 1-757 asahimachidori, chuoku, Niigata City, Niigata, Japan
| | - Naohito Tanabe
- Department of Health and Nutrition, University of Niigata Prefecture, 471 ebigase, higashiku, Niigata City, Niigata, Japan
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES To identify factors associated with low back pain (LBP) in children and adolescents. MATERIALS AND METHODS A systematic review was conducted (Prospero CRD42016038186). Observational studies analyzing LBP risk factors among participants aged between 9 and 16 were searched for in 13 electronic databases and 8 specialized journals until March 31, 2016, with no language restrictions. In addition, references in the identified studies were manually tracked. All identified studies that included ≥50 participants aged 9 to 16, were reviewed. Their methodological quality was assessed by 2 reviewers separately, using validated tools, which scored, from worst to best, 0 to 100 for cross-sectional and 0 to 12 for cohort studies. A sensitivity analysis only included studies that had adjusted for confounders, had ≥500 participants, and had a methodological score of ≥50%. RESULTS A total of 5142 citations were screened and 61 studies, including 137,877 participants from 5 continents, were reviewed. Their mean (range) methodological scores were 74.56 (50 to 100) for cross-sectional studies and 7.36 (5 to 9) for cohort studies. The studies had assessed 35 demographic, clinical, biological, family, psychological, ergonomic, and lifestyle risk factors. The mean (range) prevalence of LBP ranged between 15.25% (3.20 to 57.00) for point prevalence and 38.98% (11.60 to 85.56) for lifetime prevalence. Results on the association between LBP and risk factors were inconsistent. In the sensitivity analysis, "older age" and "participation in competitive sports" showed a consistent association with LBP. DISCUSSION Future studies should focus on muscle characteristics, the relationship between body and backpack weights, duration of carrying the backpack, characteristics of sport practice, and which are the factors associated with specifically chronic pain.
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Can We Trust the Literature on Risk Factors and Triggers for Low Back Pain? A Systematic Review of a Sample of Contemporary Literature. Pain Res Manag 2019; 2019:6959631. [PMID: 31214272 PMCID: PMC6535889 DOI: 10.1155/2019/6959631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Background Risk factors (RFs) for the "disease" of low back pain (LBP) are probably different from the triggers of new episodes of LBP. Investigating RFs for the onset of the "disease" and the triggers of LBP is problematic if researchers fail to discern the different types of pain-free status of participants at and before baseline. There is a difference between never having had LBP and having been pain-free for a certain period only. In this review, we assessed the dependability of contemporary literature on RFs and triggers of LBP, in relation to the "disease" and the episodes, respectively. Methods A literature search from 2010 until 2017 was performed. Information on the definitions of LBP, potential RFs/triggers, and study design was extracted. Studies were reclassified based on the type of LBP concerning the "disease," episode, or mixed/unclear/chronic. RFs and triggers were grouped into major domains, and positive associations listed, respectively, for the "disease" and episodes. Results In 42 of the included 47 articles, it was not clear if the authors investigated RFs for the "disease" of LBP or triggers of new episodes. Only one study properly reported RFs for the onset of the "disease" of LBP, and four studies were deemed suitable to investigate triggers for a new episode of LBP. No study reproduced the results of other included studies. Conclusion Trustworthy information regarding RFs and triggers of LBP is rare in the current literature. Future research needs to use precise definitions of LBP (onset of the "disease" vs. episodes) and nominate the timing of the associated factors in relation to the types of LBP as these are two critical factors when studying causes of LBP.
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23
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Noormohammadpour P, Borghei A, Mirzaei S, Mansournia MA, Ghayour-Najafabadi M, Kordi M, Kordi R. The Risk Factors of Low Back Pain in Female High School Students. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2019; 44:E357-E365. [PMID: 30095795 DOI: 10.1097/brs.0000000000002837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN A prospective cross-sectional study. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence and associated factors with low back pain (LBP) in female adolescents of high school age. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA The prevalence of LBP in Tehran is high, and the majority of previous studies on LBP in adolescent and its risk factors have been performed in the developed countries. Therefore, identification of risk factors and planning appropriate protocols for prevention of LBP in adolescents may substantially decrease the prevalence of LBP and its burden in developing countries in future. METHODS In a prospective cross-sectional study, demographic characteristics, including age, body mass index (BMI), weight and mode of using backpack, family history of LBP in first degree relatives, and passive smoking status of the participants along with a history of LBP were recorded. Joint hypermobility was assessed using Beighton scale. Also, anthropometric measurements, spinal flexion, and hip joint range of motion were measured for each participant. RESULTS In total, 372 students participated in the study. The mean (SD) age of the participants was 15.8 (0.9) years. The lifetime, more than 3 months, and last month history of LBP was 46.2%, 11.6%, and 31.2%, respectively. Positive history of LBP in the first-degree relatives was significantly associated with LBP in the participants (P < 0.01). The prevalence of passive smoking was significantly higher in the participants with last month history of LBP (P = 0.03). The prevalence of joint hypermobility was 15.9% and was significantly higher in those with the lifetime and last month history of LBP (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION LBP is a common complaint among adolescent and high school girl students. The results of this study identified the prevalence and associated factors with LBP in high school students and will help develop strategies for prevention and treatment of LBP in the adolescent population. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pardis Noormohammadpour
- Sports Medicine Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Sports and Exercise Medicine, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Borghei
- Sports Medicine Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shadi Mirzaei
- Sports Medicine Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Mansournia
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahboubeh Ghayour-Najafabadi
- Sports Medicine Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Motor Behaviour, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahla Kordi
- Sports Medicine Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ramin Kordi
- Sports Medicine Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Sports and Exercise Medicine, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Knee pain is associated with lower back pain in young baseball players: a cross-sectional study. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2019; 27:985-990. [PMID: 30194468 DOI: 10.1007/s00167-018-5129-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Considerable research has focused on shoulder and elbow injuries among baseball players; however, although lumbar spine and knee injuries are commonly experienced, they are less frequently studied. During common motions in baseball, such as throwing, hitting, and running, energy is transferred from the lower extremities through the lower back to the upper body. Lower extremity pain, as well as lower back pain (LBP), can disrupt the kinematic chain, and it is important to understand the association between lower extremity complaints and LBP. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the association between knee pain and LBP among young baseball players. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted with young baseball players (aged 6-15 years, n = 1,609) using a self-reported questionnaire. Multivariate logistic regression models were used for analyses. Variables considered in the models were sex, age, body mass index, team levels, number of days of training per week, number of hours in practice per day on weekdays and weekend, frequency of participation in games, practice intensity, and player position. RESULTS The point prevalence of LBP and knee pain was 8.4% and 13.1%, respectively. Knee pain was significantly associated with LBP. Using the absence of knee pain as a reference, the adjusted odds ratio (95% confidence interval) for LBP was 5.83 (3.93-8.65) (p < 0.001) in the presence of knee pain. CONCLUSIONS Knee pain was associated with LBP among young baseball players. Clinicians should pay attention to knee complaints to prevent and treat LBP among young baseball players. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE III.
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25
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Fett D, Trompeter K, Platen P. Prevalence of back pain in a group of elite athletes exposed to repetitive overhead activity. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0210429. [PMID: 30677044 PMCID: PMC6345455 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0210429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The prevalence of back pain in athletes has been investigated in several studies, but there are still under- or uninvestigated sports discipline like sports exposed to repetitive overhead activity. Elite athletes spend much time in training and competition and, because of the nature of their disciplines, subject their bodies to a great deal of mechanical strain, which puts a high level of stress on their musculoskeletal systems. From this it is hypothesized that elite athletes who engage in repetitive overhead motions experience a higher strain on their spine and thus possibly a higher prevalence of back pain compared with an active control group. Objectives To examine the prevalence of back pain and the exact location of pain in a cohort of elite athletes with repetitive overhead activity and in a control group of physically active sport students. Additionally, to examine different characteristics of pain, and to evaluate the influence of confounders on back pain. Methods A standardized and validated online back pain questionnaire was sent by the German Olympic Sports Confederation to German national and international elite athletes, and a control group of physically active but non-elite sports students. Results The final sample comprised 181 elite athletes of the sports disciplines badminton, beach volleyball, handball, tennis and volleyball and 166 physically active controls. In elite athletes, lifetime prevalence of back pain was 85%, 12-month prevalence was 75%, 3-month prevalence was 58% and point prevalence was 38%; for the physically active control group, these prevalences were 81%, 70%, 59% and 43%, respectively. There was no significant group difference in prevalence over all time periods. The lower back was the main location of back pain in elite athletes across all disciplines and in controls; additionally a distinct problem of upper back pain was found among volleyball players. Conclusion Despite the high mechanical load inherent in the sport disciplines included in this study, the elite athletes who engaged in repetitive overhead activities did not suffer more from back pain than the physically active controls. This suggests that other mechanisms may be influencing back pain prevalences in a positive way in these athletes. Furthermore, these disciplines may practice preventive factors for back pain that outweigh their detrimental factors. Therefore, we posit that extensive prevention work is already being implemented in these sports and that there are additional individual protection factors in play. More research is required to explore these suppositions, and should include investigations into which preventive training programs are being used. Nevertheless, in volleyball particularly, a focus on stabilization/preventive training should be applied to the upper back and neck.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Fett
- Department of Sports Medicine and Sports Nutrition, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Katharina Trompeter
- Department of Sports Medicine and Sports Nutrition, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Petra Platen
- Department of Sports Medicine and Sports Nutrition, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
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26
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Farahbakhsh F, Rostami M, Noormohammadpour P, Mehraki Zade A, Hassanmirazaei B, Faghih Jouibari M, Kordi R, Kennedy DJ. Prevalence of low back pain among athletes: A systematic review. J Back Musculoskelet Rehabil 2019; 31:901-916. [PMID: 29945342 DOI: 10.3233/bmr-170941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of low back pain (LBP) in athletes across a variety of time frames and sports is not known. OBJECTIVES To systematically collate and appraise studies on the prevalence of LBP in athletes and stratify by point, one year and life-time prevalence. METHODS A comprehensive search was conducted in February 2016. The following sources were individually searched: PubMed (1950 to present), Ovid SP Medline (1950 to present), ISI (1982 to present) and Google Scholar; Surveys were included if they aimed to report the prevalence of LBP amongst the athletes. Two reviewers independently evaluated the methodological quality of the studies. RESULTS The literature search generated 4379 records. Title and/or abstracts were reviewed by two investigators and full-texts of 201 relevant articles were selected for further evaluation. Studies were included if they reported the prevalence of LBP in an athletic population (any level of participation in sports and any age range) and were written in English. Furthermore, to adequately assess the prevalence rate, studies had to report the number of athletes with LBP as a percentage of the total number of athletes. Studies that did not contain necessary data to calculate prevalence rate including case reports and non-original studies were excluded and 41 studies entered the bias assessment step. A bias assessment was applied to the methodology of 41 studies, and 36 with low to moderate risk for bias were included in this review. LBP in athletes was shown to have a point prevalence ranging from 10% to 67%, a one-year prevalence ranging from 17% to 94%, and a life-time prevalence ranging from 33% to 84%. The highest prevalence of LBP was found among skiers, floorball players and rowers and the lowest were found in shooters, golfers and triathletes. CONCLUSION Like general population, LBP is quite prevalent among athletes. There is a lack of sound data on the prevalence and mechanism of LBP in some popular sports such as volleyball, swimming and track and field. The lack of standardization of research methods and outcome measurement tools are significant problems in literature. Researchers need to use standard and internationally acceptable definitions for LBP and related functional disability. Investigators are encouraged to conduct epidemiologic studies, along with search for possible mechanism of LBP, by recruitment of large sample population of the athletes who are selected through randomization of the national population and adopt recent recommendations for a standard definition of LBP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzin Farahbakhsh
- Sports Medicine Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Rostami
- Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Neurosurgery, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pardis Noormohammadpour
- Sports Medicine Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Sports and Exercise Medicine, Imam Khomeini Hospital, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Mehraki Zade
- Sports Medicine Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bahar Hassanmirazaei
- Iran Football Medical Assessment and Rehabilitation Center (IFMARC), Tehran, Iran.,Department of Sport and Exercise Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Morteza Faghih Jouibari
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ramin Kordi
- Sports Medicine Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Sports and Exercise Medicine, Imam Khomeini Hospital, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - David J Kennedy
- Department of Orthopaedics, Stanford University, Stanford Orthopedics, Redwood City, CA, USA
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27
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Moreno Catalá M, Schroll A, Laube G, Arampatzis A. Muscle Strength and Neuromuscular Control in Low-Back Pain: Elite Athletes Versus General Population. Front Neurosci 2018; 12:436. [PMID: 30018531 PMCID: PMC6037821 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the study was to investigate the athletic-based specificity of muscle strength and neuromuscular control of spine stability in chronic non-specific low-back pain (LBP). Thirty elite athletes and 29 age-matched non-athletes with (15 athletes and 15 non-athletes) and without LBP (15 athletes and 14 non-athletes) participated in the study. Muscle strength was measured during maximal isometric trunk flexion and trunk extension contractions. The neuromuscular control of spine stability was analyzed by determining trunk stiffness, trunk damping, and onset times of the lumbar and thoracic erector spinae muscles after sudden perturbations (quick release experiments) as well as maximum Lyapunov exponents (local dynamic stability) using non-linear time series analysis of repetitive lifting movements. LBP was assessed using the visual analog scale. We found lower maximal trunk extension moments (p = 0.03), higher trunk damping (p = 0.018) and shorter onset times (p = 0.03) of the investigated trunk muscles in LBP patients in both athletes and non-athletes. Trunk stiffness and the local dynamic stability did not show any differences (p = 0.136 and p = 0.375, respectively) between LBP patients and healthy controls in both groups. It can be concluded that, despite the high-level of training in athletes, both athletes and non-athletes with LBP showed the same deconditioning of the lumbar extensor muscles and developed similar strategies to ensure spine stability after sudden perturbations to protect the spine from pain and damage. The findings highlight that specific training interventions for the trunk muscles are not only crucial for individuals of the general population, but also for well-trained athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Moreno Catalá
- Department of Training and Movement Sciences, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin School of Movement Science, Berlin, Germany
| | - Arno Schroll
- Department of Training and Movement Sciences, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin School of Movement Science, Berlin, Germany
| | - Gunnar Laube
- Department of Training and Movement Sciences, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin School of Movement Science, Berlin, Germany
| | - Adamantios Arampatzis
- Department of Training and Movement Sciences, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin School of Movement Science, Berlin, Germany
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28
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Farahbakhsh F, Akbari-Fakhrabadi M, Shariat A, Cleland JA, Farahbakhsh F, Seif-Barghi T, Mansournia MA, Rostami M, Kordi R. Neck pain and low back pain in relation to functional disability in different sport activities. J Exerc Rehabil 2018; 14:509-515. [PMID: 30018941 PMCID: PMC6028206 DOI: 10.12965/jer.1836220.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This population-based, cross-sectional study aimed to determine the frequency of neck pain, low back pain (LBP) and also the LBP related functional disability in five sport categories including football, volleyball, basketball, wrestling, and other sports in one of the Iranian sport Olympiads. The prevalence of neck pain and LBP in different time points was evaluated with the use of an interview questionnaire. A visual analogue scale was used to evaluate the athlete's current pain. Furthermore, the functional disability related to LBP was assessed by the Athletes Disability Index Questionnaire (ADI). A total of 452 male athletes aging between 12 and 20 were screened. Three hundred seventy-seven participants responded to the questionnaires in which their mean age (standard deviation) was 15.95 (1.25). Collectively, the life-time prevalence of neck pain and LBP in all the athletes was 38.8% and 42.0%, respectively. The highest risk of neck pain at all-time points was observed among basketball players compared to other sport groups (P<0.05). The risk of LBP in most time points was the least among wrestlers (P<0.05). The ADI score was significantly higher among basketball players (13.89%) compared to volleyball players and wrestlers (P<0.05). Our study revealed a high prevalence of neck pain and LBP among Iranian young male athletes. A higher risk of neck pain and LBP among basketball players predisposes this sport at high risk of developing spine injuries which needs further consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzin Farahbakhsh
- Sports Medicine Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Akbari-Fakhrabadi
- Sports Medicine Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ardalan Shariat
- Sports Medicine Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Farbod Farahbakhsh
- Sports Medicine Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tohid Seif-Barghi
- Department of Sports and Exercise Medicine, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Mansournia
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Rostami
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ramin Kordi
- Sports Medicine Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Sports and Exercise Medicine, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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29
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Abstract
Background Back pain is a frequent health problem in the general population. The epidemiology of back pain in the general population is well researched, but detailed data on the prevalence and risk factors of back pain in athletes are rare. Objective The primary objective was to review articles about back pain in athletes to provide an overview of its prevalence in different sports and compare its prevalence among various types of sports and the general population. Data Sources A comprehensive search of articles published through May 2015 was conducted. Two independent reviewers searched six databases from inception (PubMed®, Embase, MEDLINE®, Cochrane Library, PsycINFO and PSYNDEX), using specifically developed search strategies, for relevant epidemiological research on back pain in 14- to 40-year-old athletes of Olympic disciplines. The reviewers independently evaluated the methodological quality of reviewed articles meeting the inclusion criteria to identify potential sources of bias. Relevant data were extracted from each study. Results Forty-three articles were judged to meet the inclusion criteria and were included in the assessment of methodological quality. Of these, 25 were assessed to be of high quality. Lifetime prevalence and point prevalence were the most commonly researched episodes and the lower back was the most common localization of pain. In the high-quality studies, lifetime prevalence of low back pain in athletes was 1–94%, (highest prevalence in rowing and cross-country skiing), and point prevalence of low back pain was 18–65% (lowest prevalence in basketball and highest prevalence in rowing). Conclusion The methodological heterogeneity of the included studies showed a wide range of prevalence rates and did not enable a detailed comparison of data among different sports, within one discipline, or versus the general population. Based on the results of this review, however, it seems obvious that back pain requires further study in some sports. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s40279-016-0645-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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30
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Ardakani EM, Leboeuf-Yde C, Walker BF. Failure to define low back pain as a disease or an episode renders research on causality unsuitable: results of a systematic review. Chiropr Man Therap 2018; 26:1. [PMID: 29321845 PMCID: PMC5759306 DOI: 10.1186/s12998-017-0172-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Causative factors may be different for the very first onset of symptoms of the ‘disease’ of low back pain (LBP) than for ensuing episodes that occur after a pain-free period. This differentiation hinges on a life-time absence of low back pain at first onset and short-term absence for further episodes. In this systematic review, we explored whether researchers make these distinctions when investigating the causality of LBP. Methods A literature search of PUBMED, CINAHL, and SCOPUS databases was performed from January 2010 until September 2016 using the search terms ‘low back pain’ or ‘back pain’ and ‘risk factor’ or ‘caus*’ or ‘predict*’ or ‘onset’ or ‘first-time’ or ‘inception’ or ‘incidence’. Two reviewers extracted information on study design, types of episodes of back pain to distinguish the disease of LBP and recurring episodes, and also to determine the definitions of disease- or pain-free periods. Results Thirty-three articles purporting to study causes of LBP were included. Upon scrutiny, 31 of the 33 articles were unclear as to what type of causality they were studying, that of the ‘disease’ or the episode, or a mere association with LBP. Only 9 studies used a prospective study design. Five studies appeared to investigate the onset of the disease of LBP, however, only one study truly captured the first incidence of LBP, which was the result of sports injury. Six appeared to study episodes but only one clearly related to the concept of episodes. Therefore, among those 11 studies, nine included both first-time LBP and episodes of LBP. Consequently, 22 studies related to the prevalence of LBP, as they probably included a mixture of first-time, recurring and ongoing episodes without distinction. Conclusion Recent literature concerning the causality of LBP does not differentiate between the ‘disease’ of LBP and its recurring episodes mainly due to a lack of a clear definition of absence of LBP at baseline. Therefore, current research is not capable of providing a valid answer on this topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emad M Ardakani
- School of Health Professions, Murdoch University, 90 South St, Murdoch, WA 6150 Australia
| | - Charlotte Leboeuf-Yde
- School of Health Professions, Murdoch University, 90 South St, Murdoch, WA 6150 Australia.,Institute for Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Bruce F Walker
- School of Health Professions, Murdoch University, 90 South St, Murdoch, WA 6150 Australia
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31
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Understanding Adolescent Low Back Pain From a Multidimensional Perspective: Implications for Management. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2017; 47:741-751. [PMID: 28898135 DOI: 10.2519/jospt.2017.7376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Synopsis Low back pain (LBP) is the leading cause of disability worldwide. It often begins in adolescence, setting a course for later in life. We have tracked the course of LBP in the Raine Study cohort from the age of 14 years into early adulthood. Our work has found that LBP is already prevalent in individuals at 14 years of age and increases throughout adolescence and into early adulthood. It is often comorbid with other musculoskeletal pain. For some adolescents, LBP has little impact; for others, its impact includes care seeking, taking medication, taking time off from school and work, as well as modifying physical and functional activity. Of concern is the increasing prevalence of LBP with impact across adolescence, reaching adult rates by 22 years of age. The predictors of disabling LBP in adolescence are multidimensional. They include female sex, negative back pain beliefs, poor mental health status, somatic complaints, involvement in sports, and altered stress responses. Genetics also plays a role. Ironically, the factors that we have historically thought to be important predictors of LBP, such as "poor" spinal posture, scoliosis, carrying school bags, joint hypermobility, and poor back muscle endurance, are not strong predictors. This challenges our clinical beliefs and highlights that adolescent LBP needs a flexible and targeted multidimensional approach to assessment and management. In most cases, we recommend a cognitive functional approach that challenges negative LBP beliefs, educates adolescents regarding factors associated with their LBP, restores functional capacity where it is impaired, and encourages healthy lifestyle habits. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2017;47(10):741-751. Epub 12 Sep 2017. doi:10.2519/jospt.2017.7376.
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32
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Fett D, Trompeter K, Platen P. Back pain in elite sports: A cross-sectional study on 1114 athletes. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0180130. [PMID: 28662110 PMCID: PMC5491135 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0180130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To establish the prevalence of back pain in German elite athletes; examine the influence of age, sex, sports discipline and training volume; and compare elite athletes with a physically active control group. METHODS A standardized and validated online back pain questionnaire was sent by the German Olympic Sports Confederation to approximately 4,000 German national and international elite athletes, and a control group of 253 physically active but non-elite sports students. RESULTS We received responses from 1,114 elite athletes (46.5% male and 53.1% female, mean age 20.9 years ± 4.8 years, mean height 176.5 ± 11.5 cm, mean weight 71.0 ± 10.3 kg) and 166 physically active sports students (74.7% male and 24.1 female, mean age 21.2 ± 2.0 years, mean height 180.0 ± 8.0 cm, mean weight 74.0 ± 14.5 kg). In elite athletes, the lifetime prevalence of back pain was 88.5%, the 12-month prevalence was 81.1%, the 3-month prevalence was 68.3% and the point prevalence was 49.0%, compared with 80.7%, 69.9%, 59.0% and 42.8%, respectively in the control group. The lifetime, 12-month and 3-month prevalences in elite athletes were significantly higher than in the control group. Regarding the individual sports disciplines, the prevalence of back pain was significantly higher in elite rowers, dancers, fencers, gymnasts, track and field athletes, figure skaters and marksmen, and those who play underwater rugby, water polo, basketball, hockey and ice hockey compared with the control group. The prevalence of back pain was significantly lower in elite triathletes. CONCLUSIONS Back pain is a common complaint in German elite athletes. Low back pain seems to be a problem in both elite athletes and physically active controls. A high training volume in elite athletes and a low training volume in physically active individuals might increase prevalence rates. Our findings indicate the necessity for specific prevention programs, especially in high-risk sports. Further research should investigate the optimal dose-effect relationship of sporting activity for the general population to prevent back pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Fett
- Department of Sports Medicine and Sports Nutrition, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
- * E-mail: (DF); (KT)
| | - Katharina Trompeter
- Department of Sports Medicine and Sports Nutrition, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
- * E-mail: (DF); (KT)
| | - Petra Platen
- Department of Sports Medicine and Sports Nutrition, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
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Life history and point prevalence of low back pain in pre-professional and professional dancers. Phys Ther Sport 2017; 25:34-38. [PMID: 28364614 DOI: 10.1016/j.ptsp.2017.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Revised: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate lifetime history and point prevalence of low back pain (LBP) in pre-professional and professional dancers and to identify any demographic or physical factors associated with LBP in dancers. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING One pre-professional ballet school, two pre-professional university dance programs, and a professional nationally touring ballet company. PARTICIPANTS Male and female classical ballet and contemporary dancers aged 12 years old and above. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Lifetime history and point prevalence of LBP. RESULTS A total of 110 (n = 19 male) dancers (mean (SD) 17.8 (2.9) years old) participated in the study, which represented 50% of the population invited to participate. A 74% lifetime prevalence of LBP was reported by dancers. Point and 12 month prevalence were 24 and 64%, respectively. No significant association was observed between LBP and any demographic or physical variables. CONCLUSION Pre-professional and professional dancers have an increased vulnerability to LBP. The development of LBP within this population is complex and may not be associated with individual factors measured in this study.
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Thornton JS, Vinther A, Wilson F, Lebrun CM, Wilkinson M, Di Ciacca SR, Orlando K, Smoljanovic T. Rowing Injuries: An Updated Review. Sports Med 2016; 47:641-661. [DOI: 10.1007/s40279-016-0613-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Kang JI, Jeong DK, Choi H. Effect of exhalation exercise on trunk muscle activity and oswestry disability index of patients with chronic low back pain. J Phys Ther Sci 2016; 28:1738-42. [PMID: 27390406 PMCID: PMC4932047 DOI: 10.1589/jpts.28.1738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
[Purpose] This study investigated the effect of exhalation exercises on trunk muscle
activity and Oswestry Disability Index by inducing trunk muscle activity through
increasing intra-abdominal pressure and activating muscles, contributing to spinal
stability. [Subjects and Methods] This intervention program included 20 male patients with
chronic low back pain. A total of 10 subjects each were randomly assigned to an exhalation
exercise group as the experimental group and a spinal stabilization exercise group as the
control group. [Results] There were significant differences in the activities of the
rectus abdominis, transverse abdominis, external oblique abdominal, and erector spinae
muscles as well as in the Oswestry Disability Index within the experimental group. There
were meaningful differences in the activities of the rectus abdominis, external oblique
abdominal, and erector spinae muscles and in the Oswestry Disability Index within the
control group. In addition, there was a meaningful intergroup difference in transverse
abdominis muscle activity alone and in the Oswestry Disability Index. [Conclusion] The
breathing exercise effectively increased muscle activity by training gross and fine motor
muscles in the trunk. Moreover, it was verified as a very important element for
strengthening body stability because it both released and prevented low back pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Il Kang
- Department of Physical Therapy, Sehan University, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Keun Jeong
- Department of Physical Therapy, Sehan University, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Choi
- Department of Physical Therapy, Mokpo Mirae Hosipital, Republic of Korea
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Baugh CM, Kerr ZY. High School Rowing Injuries: National Athletic Treatment, Injury and Outcomes Network (NATION). J Athl Train 2016; 51:317-20. [PMID: 27049926 DOI: 10.4085/1062-6050-51.4.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Data on high school (HS) rowing injuries are lacking. OBJECTIVE To describe the epidemiology of HS boys' and girls' rowing injuries during the 2011-2012 through 2013-2014 academic years. DESIGN Descriptive epidemiology study. SETTING Injury and exposure data from 8 and 11 boys' and girls' rowing programs providing 13 and 17 team-seasons of data, respectively. PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS High school boys' and girls' varsity rowing student-athletes. INTERVENTION(S) High school rowing data from the National Athletic Treatment, Injury and Outcomes Network. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Injury rates and rate ratios were reported with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS In HS boys' and girls' rowing, 59 and 190 injuries were reported, respectively, for rates of 2.39/1000 athlete-exposures (95% CI = 1.78, 3.00) and 8.60/1000 athlete-exposures (95% CI = 7.38, 9.82). The girls' rowing injury rate was 3.60 times that of boys' (95% CI = 2.69, 4.82). CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest a higher injury rate among HS female rowers than HS male rowers. Additional research exploring reasons for the sex difference is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine M Baugh
- Harvard University Interfaculty Initiative in Health Policy, Cambridge, MA
| | - Zachary Y Kerr
- Datalys Center for Sports Injury Research and Prevention, Inc, Indianapolis, IN
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Wilkie K, Trease L, Wallis M. Prevalence of low back pain among elite Australian senior rowers. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil 2015. [PMCID: PMC4535305 DOI: 10.1186/2052-1847-7-s1-o20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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An WW, Wong V, Cheung RTH. Lower limb reaction force asymmetry in rowers with and without a history of back injury. Sports Biomech 2015; 14:375-83. [PMID: 26237029 DOI: 10.1080/14763141.2015.1061047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Back injury is common in rowers. Asymmetrical lower limb reaction force on the foot stretchers during rowing may compromise trunk biomechanics and lead to back injury. However, such a mechanism remains putative. Therefore, this study examined lower limb reaction force in experienced rowers with and without a history of back injury. Six rowers who suffered from back injury for more than one week in the past year and another 19 rowers who were never injured performed maximal exertion rowing on a fixed-head rowing machine for 30 strokes. Peak force, average and peak loading rate of the lower limb reaction force during the middle 10-stroke were recorded using strain-gauge transducers placed at the foot stretchers. Asymmetries and intra-limb variability were quantified as asymmetry indices and coefficients of variation, respectively. No significant asymmetry was observed in all selected kinetic parameters between the injured and healthy rowers (p = 0.448-0.722, Hedges' g = 0.162-0.310). Subgroup analyses also did not reveal any significant kinetic differences between injured and healthy scullers or sweepers (p = 0.194-0.855, Hedges' g = 0.203-0.518). Rowers with a history of back injury, regardless of the rowing types, did not demonstrate greater lower limb reaction force asymmetry when compared with healthy rowers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Winko W An
- a Department of Rehabilitation Sciences , Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University , Hong Kong , China
| | - Vincy Wong
- a Department of Rehabilitation Sciences , Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University , Hong Kong , China
| | - Roy T H Cheung
- a Department of Rehabilitation Sciences , Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University , Hong Kong , China
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Noormohammadpour P, Rostami M, Mansournia MA, Farahbakhsh F, Pourgharib Shahi MH, Kordi R. Low back pain status of female university students in relation to different sport activities. EUROPEAN SPINE JOURNAL : OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE EUROPEAN SPINE SOCIETY, THE EUROPEAN SPINAL DEFORMITY SOCIETY, AND THE EUROPEAN SECTION OF THE CERVICAL SPINE RESEARCH SOCIETY 2015; 25:1196-203. [PMID: 26026471 DOI: 10.1007/s00586-015-4034-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Revised: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 05/14/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the prevalence of low back pain (LBP) and its absence rate among female university student athletes in different types of sports. METHODS A cross-sectional study based on a standard self-reporting questionnaire was performed among 1335 athletes. Participants were female athletes who attended the National Sports Olympiad of Female University Students in basketball, volleyball, futsal, tennis, badminton, swimming, track and field, shooting, and karate. RESULTS One thousand and fifty-nine athletes with the mean (SD) age of 23.1 (3.8) years responded to the questionnaire (response rate 79%). The 12-month prevalence of LBP was 39.0%; in addition, lifetime and point prevalence of LBP were 59.7 and 17.8%, respectively. Basketball (47.9 %) and karate (44.0 %) players had reported the highest 12-month prevalence of LBP. Also, LBP prevalences in shooting (29.7 %) and badminton (42.4 %) players were not negligible. Results show that, LBP led to relatively high absence rate from training sessions (27.9%) and matches (13.0%). CONCLUSION While most of the existing literatures regarding female athletes' LBP have focused on particular sports with specific low back demands (such as skiing and rowing), many other sports have not been studied very well in this regard. Investigating LBP prevalence and related factors in other types of sports, such as combat sports, badminton and shooting, can help us better understand the prevalence of low back pain and provide us with necessary insight to take effective steps towards its prevention in athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pardis Noormohammadpour
- Sports Medicine Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, No 7, Al-e Ahmad St., Tehran, Iran.,Department of Sports and Exercise Medicine, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Bagher Khan St., Chamran Highway, Tehran, Iran.,Spine Division, Noorafshar Rehabilitation and Sports Medicine Hospital, 17th St., Khodaverdi St., Niavaran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Rostami
- Sports Medicine Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, No 7, Al-e Ahmad St., Tehran, Iran.,Spine Division, Noorafshar Rehabilitation and Sports Medicine Hospital, 17th St., Khodaverdi St., Niavaran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Mansournia
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Poursina St., Shanzdah-e Azar St., Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzin Farahbakhsh
- Sports Medicine Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, No 7, Al-e Ahmad St., Tehran, Iran.,Spine Division, Noorafshar Rehabilitation and Sports Medicine Hospital, 17th St., Khodaverdi St., Niavaran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hosein Pourgharib Shahi
- Sports Medicine Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, No 7, Al-e Ahmad St., Tehran, Iran.,Department of Sports and Exercise Medicine, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Bagher Khan St., Chamran Highway, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ramin Kordi
- Sports Medicine Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, No 7, Al-e Ahmad St., Tehran, Iran. .,Spine Division, Noorafshar Rehabilitation and Sports Medicine Hospital, 17th St., Khodaverdi St., Niavaran, Tehran, Iran.
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Ng L, Cañeiro JP, Campbell A, Smith A, Burnett A, O'Sullivan P. Cognitive functional approach to manage low back pain in male adolescent rowers: a randomised controlled trial. Br J Sports Med 2015; 49:1125-31. [DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2014-093984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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