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Ren Z, Zhang Y, Drenowatz C, Eather N, Hong J, Wang L, Yan J, Chen S. How many adults have sufficient muscle-strengthening exercise and the associated factors: A systematic review consisting of 2,629,508 participants. J Exerc Sci Fit 2024; 22:359-368. [PMID: 39040428 PMCID: PMC11261455 DOI: 10.1016/j.jesf.2024.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose The aim of this systematic review was to (1) estimate the prevalence of adhering to the MSE guidelines (at least 2 times/days a week) among adults; and (2) synthesize evidence on the correlates of adhering to the MSE guidelines. Methods Five electronic databases were searched (March 2022), with a total of 30 observational studies consisting of 2,629,508 participants meeting the eligibility criteria. A meta-analysis was conducted to pool the prevalence of adhering to the MSE guidelines using the results of 21 eligible studies (study aim 1); and data reporting correlates of adhering to the MSE guidelines using 12 eligible studies were synthesized and categorized based on the Socioecological Model Framework (study aim 2). Results Overall, 22.8 % (95%CI: 18.18 % ─ 27.77 %) of adults adhered to the MSE guidelines, and 23 potential correlates at five levels were examined. Five variables (i.e., sex, age, education level, socioeconomic status) at the sociodemographic level and two variables (i.e., body mass index, self-rated health) at the physical related level were identified as consistent correlates, but displaying weak to moderate association strengths. Conclusions Less than a quarter of adults meet the MSE guidelines and multidimensional correlates are associated with the adherence to the guidelines, particularly sociodemographic correlates (e.g., sex, age, and educational level). Findings highlight the need to further promote the importance of engaging in MSE among adults and investing effective interventions that not only provide opportunities for MSE for adults, but also facilitate the development of skills and confidence to engage in MSE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanbing Ren
- School of Physical Education and Sport, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yanjie Zhang
- Physical Education Unit, School of Humanities and Social Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong—Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Clemens Drenowatz
- Division of Sport, Physical Activity and Health, University of Education Upper Austria, 4020, Linz, Austria
| | - Narelle Eather
- Centre for Active Living and Learning, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- College of Human and Social Futures, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Jintao Hong
- Shanghai Research Institute of Sports Science (Shanghai Anti-Doping Agency), Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Wang
- School of Physical Education and Sport Training, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin Yan
- Centre for Active Living and Learning, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- College of Human and Social Futures, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Sitong Chen
- School of Physical Education and Sport, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
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Raffin J, Rolland Y, Aubertin‐Leheudre M, Aragoni da Silva J, Guyonnet S, Pillard F, Vellas B, de Souto Barreto P. Cross-sectional interactive associations of physical activity and sedentary behaviour with physical capacity across adulthood. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2024; 15:1134-1145. [PMID: 38638004 PMCID: PMC11154759 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.13457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The way physical activity (PA) and sedentary behaviour (SB) independently and interactively modify the age-related decline in physical capacity remains poorly understood. This cross-sectional study investigated the independent and interactive associations of PA and SB with physical function and performance throughout the adult life course. METHODS Data from 499 community-dwelling adults (63% female) aged 20-92 years, involved in the INSPIRE Human Translational Cohort, were used in this cross-sectional study. Daily time spent on moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA, min/day) and SB (h/day) was measured with activPAL triaxial accelerometers. Physical function and performance were assessed through the measurement of the 4-m usual gait speed (m/s), handgrip strength (kg), lower-limb strength (isokinetic knee extension torque, N·m), estimated lower-limb power (five-time chair-rise test performance, s) and cardiorespiratory fitness (V̇O2max, mL/kg/min). Confounder-adjusted multiple linear and curvilinear regressions were performed to investigate how MVPA, SB and their interactions were associated with the physical outcomes (all square root-transformed except gait speed) throughout the adulthood spectrum. RESULTS Interaction analyses revealed that the combination of higher levels of MVPA with lower levels of SB favourably reshaped the negative relationship between handgrip strength and age (age2 × SB × MVPA: B = -7E-08, SE = 3E-08, P < 0.05). In addition, higher levels of MVPA were independently associated with an improved age-related profile in gait speed (age2 × MVPA: B = 3E-06, SE = 1E-06, P < 0.05), chair-rise performance (age × MVPA: B = -9E-05, SE = 4E-05, P < 0.05) and V̇O2max (MVPA at 21 years: B = 3E-02, SE = 7E-03, P < 0.05; age × MVPA: B = -5E-04, SE = 2E-04, P < 0.05). Conversely, the detrimental association of age with lower-limb muscle strength (age × SB: B = -1E-04, SE = 6E-05, P < 0.05) and chair-rise performance (age × SB: B = 1E-05, SE = 7E-06, P < 0.05) was exacerbated with increasing duration of SB, independently of MVPA. Supplementary analyses further revealed that some of these associations were age and sex specific. CONCLUSIONS This cross-sectional study demonstrated that reduced sedentary time and increased activity duration were independently and synergistically associated with an attenuated age-related loss in physical capacity. These findings need to be confirmed with longitudinal data but encourage both adopting an active lifestyle and reducing sedentary time as preventive measures against physical aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérémy Raffin
- Institut Hospitalo‐Universitaire (IHU) HealthAgeToulouseFrance
- Institut du Vieillissement, Gérontopôle de ToulouseCentre Hospitalo‐Universitaire de ToulouseToulouseFrance
| | - Yves Rolland
- Institut Hospitalo‐Universitaire (IHU) HealthAgeToulouseFrance
- Institut du Vieillissement, Gérontopôle de ToulouseCentre Hospitalo‐Universitaire de ToulouseToulouseFrance
- CERPOP UMR 1295, University of Toulouse III, Inserm, UPSToulouseFrance
| | - Mylène Aubertin‐Leheudre
- Département des Sciences de l'activité physique, Faculté des sciencesUniversité du Québec à MontréalMontréalCanada
- Centre de recherche, Institut universitaire de gériatrie de Montréal (IUGM), CIUSSS du Centre‐Sud‐de‐l'Île‐de‐MontréalMontréalCanada
| | - Jaqueline Aragoni da Silva
- Institut Hospitalo‐Universitaire (IHU) HealthAgeToulouseFrance
- Institut du Vieillissement, Gérontopôle de ToulouseCentre Hospitalo‐Universitaire de ToulouseToulouseFrance
| | - Sophie Guyonnet
- Institut Hospitalo‐Universitaire (IHU) HealthAgeToulouseFrance
- Institut du Vieillissement, Gérontopôle de ToulouseCentre Hospitalo‐Universitaire de ToulouseToulouseFrance
- CERPOP UMR 1295, University of Toulouse III, Inserm, UPSToulouseFrance
| | - Fabien Pillard
- Unité de Médecine du Sport, Clinique Universitaire du Sport, Hôpital Pierre Paul RIQUET (Centre Hospitalo‐Universitaire)ToulouseFrance
- Centre RESTORE (Geroscience and Rejuvenation Center), UMR 1301 (INSERM)/UMR 5070 (CNRS)ToulouseFrance
| | - Bruno Vellas
- Institut Hospitalo‐Universitaire (IHU) HealthAgeToulouseFrance
- Institut du Vieillissement, Gérontopôle de ToulouseCentre Hospitalo‐Universitaire de ToulouseToulouseFrance
- CERPOP UMR 1295, University of Toulouse III, Inserm, UPSToulouseFrance
| | - Philipe de Souto Barreto
- Institut Hospitalo‐Universitaire (IHU) HealthAgeToulouseFrance
- Institut du Vieillissement, Gérontopôle de ToulouseCentre Hospitalo‐Universitaire de ToulouseToulouseFrance
- CERPOP UMR 1295, University of Toulouse III, Inserm, UPSToulouseFrance
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Heinrich KM, Streetman AE, Kukić F, Fong C, Hollerbach BS, Goodman BD, Haddock CK, Poston WSC. Baseline Physical Activity Behaviors and Relationships with Fitness in the Army Training at High Intensity Study. J Funct Morphol Kinesiol 2022; 7:jfmk7010027. [PMID: 35323610 PMCID: PMC8954232 DOI: 10.3390/jfmk7010027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
United States Army soldiers must meet physical fitness test standards. Criticisms of the Army Physical Fitness Test (APFT) include limited testing of only aerobic and muscular endurance activity domains; yet, it is unclear what levels of aerobic and muscle strengthening activity may help predict performance in aspects of the new Army Combat Fitness Test (ACFT). This study explored relationships between baseline self-reported aerobic and muscle strengthening activities and APFT- and ACFT-related performance. Baseline participant data (N = 123) were from a cluster-randomized clinical trial that recruited active-duty military personnel (mean age 33.7 ± 5.7 years, 72.4% White, 87.0% college-educated, 81.5% Officers). An online survey was used for self-report of socio-demographic characteristics and weekly aerobic and muscle-strengthening physical activity behaviors. Participants also completed the APFT (2 min push-ups, 2 min sit-ups, 2-mile run) and ACFT-related measures (1-repetition maximum deadlift, pull-up repetitions or timed flexed arm hang, horizontal jump, and dummy drag). Bivariate logistic regression found greater aerobic and muscle-strengthening activity predicted better APFT performance, while better ACFT-related performance was predicted by greater muscle-strengthening activity. Although our data are mostly from mid-career officers, command policies should emphasize the new Holistic Health and Fitness initiative that encourages regular aerobic and muscle-strengthening physical activity for soldiers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie M. Heinrich
- Department of Kinesiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA; (A.E.S.); (B.D.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-785-532-0706
| | - Aspen E. Streetman
- Department of Kinesiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA; (A.E.S.); (B.D.G.)
| | - Filip Kukić
- Police Sports Education Center, Abu Dhabi Police, Abu Dhabi 253, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Chunki Fong
- Institute for Implementation Science in Population Health, City University of New York Graduate School of Public Health & Health Policy, New York, NY 10027, USA;
- NDRI-USA, New York, NY 10001, USA; (B.S.H.); (C.K.H.); (W.S.C.P.)
| | | | - Blake D. Goodman
- Department of Kinesiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA; (A.E.S.); (B.D.G.)
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Belding JN, Castañeda SF, Jacobson IG, LeardMann CA, Porter B, Powell TM, Kolaja CA, Seelig AD, Matsuno RK, Carey FR, Rivera AC, Trone DW, Sheppard B, Walstrom J, Boyko EJ, Rull RP, For The Millennium Cohort Study Team. The Millennium Cohort Study: The First 20 Years of Research Dedicated to Understanding the Long-Term Health of US Service Members and Veterans. Ann Epidemiol 2021; 67:61-72. [PMID: 34906635 DOI: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2021.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The Millennium Cohort Study, the US Department of Defense's largest and longest running study, was conceived in 1999 to investigate the effects of military service on service member health and well-being by prospectively following active duty, Reserve, and National Guard personnel from all branches during and following military service. In commemoration of the Study's 20th anniversary, this paper provides a summary of its methods, key findings, and future directions. Recruitment and enrollment of the first 5 panels occurred between 2001 and 2021. After completing a baseline survey, participants are requested to complete follow-up surveys every 3 to 5 years. Study research projects are categorized into 3 core portfolio areas (psychological health, physical health, and health-related behaviors) and several cross-cutting areas and have culminated in more than 120 publications to date. For example, some key Study findings include that specific military service-related factors (e.g., experiencing combat, serving in certain occupational subgroups) were associated with adverse health-related outcomes and that unhealthy behaviors and mental health issues may increase following the transition from military service to veteran status. The Study will continue to foster stakeholder relationships such that research findings inform and guide policy initiatives and health promotion efforts.
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Key Words
- Abbreviations
- Army STARRS, Army Study to Assess Risk and Resilience in Servicemembers
- DoD, Department of Defense
- Millennium Cohort Study, military, veterans, deployment, risk factors, protective factors, physical health, mental health, health-related behaviors, longitudinal cohort
- OEF, Operation Enduring Freedom
- OIF, Operation Iraqi Freedom
- OND, Operation New Dawn
- PTSD, posttraumatic stress disorder
- VA, Department of Veterans Affairs
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer N Belding
- Leidos, San Diego, California, USA; Naval Health Research Center, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Sheila F Castañeda
- Leidos, San Diego, California, USA; Naval Health Research Center, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Isabel G Jacobson
- Leidos, San Diego, California, USA; Naval Health Research Center, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Cynthia A LeardMann
- Leidos, San Diego, California, USA; Naval Health Research Center, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Ben Porter
- Leidos, San Diego, California, USA; Naval Health Research Center, San Diego, California, USA; Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi, USA
| | - Teresa M Powell
- Leidos, San Diego, California, USA; Naval Health Research Center, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Claire A Kolaja
- Leidos, San Diego, California, USA; Naval Health Research Center, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Amber D Seelig
- VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Rayna K Matsuno
- Leidos, San Diego, California, USA; Naval Health Research Center, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Felicia R Carey
- Leidos, San Diego, California, USA; Naval Health Research Center, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Anna C Rivera
- Leidos, San Diego, California, USA; Naval Health Research Center, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Daniel W Trone
- Naval Health Research Center, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Beverly Sheppard
- Leidos, San Diego, California, USA; Naval Health Research Center, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Jennifer Walstrom
- Leidos, San Diego, California, USA; Naval Health Research Center, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Edward J Boyko
- VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Rudolph P Rull
- Naval Health Research Center, San Diego, California, USA.
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Shakespear-Druery J, De Cocker K, Biddle SJH, Gavilán-Carrera B, Segura-Jiménez V, Bennie J. Assessment of muscle-strengthening exercise in public health surveillance for adults: A systematic review. Prev Med 2021; 148:106566. [PMID: 33878352 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2021.106566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
There is strong scientific evidence that muscle-strengthening exercise (i.e. use of weight machines, push-ups, sit-ups) is independently associated with a reduced risk of multiple chronic diseases (e.g. diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular disease). However, prevalence rates for meeting the muscle-strengthening exercise guideline (≥2 times/week) are significantly lower (~20%) than those reported to meet the aerobic physical activity guideline (e.g. walking, jogging, cycling) (~50%). It is therefore important to understand public health surveillance approaches to assess muscle-strengthening exercise. The aim of this review was to describe muscle-strengthening exercise assessment in public health surveillance. Informed by the PRISMA guidelines, an extensive keyword search was undertaken across 7 electronic data bases. We identified 86,672 possible articles and following screening (n = 1140 in full-text) against specific inclusion criteria (adults aged ≥18 years, English, studies containing <1000 participants), extracted data from 156 manuscripts. Fifty-eight different survey systems were identified across 17 countries. Muscle-strengthening exercise frequency (85.3%), duration (23.7%) and intensity (1.3%) were recorded. Muscle-strengthening exercise questions varied significantly, with some (11.5%) requiring a singular 'yes' vs 'no' response, while others (7.7%) sought specific details (e.g. muscle groups targeted). Assessments of duration and intensity were inconsistent. Very few studies measured the validity (0.6%) and reliability (1.3%) of muscle-strengthening exercise questions. Discrepancy exists within the current assessment systems/surveys used to assess muscle-strengthening exercise in public health surveillance. This is likely to impede efforts to identify at risk groups and trends within physical activity surveillance, and to accurately assess associations between muscle-strengthening exercise and health-related outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane Shakespear-Druery
- Physically Active Lifestyles Research Group (USQ-PALs), Centre for Health Research, University of Southern Queensland, 37 Sinnathamby Boulevard, Springfield Central, QLD 4300, Australia.
| | - Katrien De Cocker
- Physically Active Lifestyles Research Group (USQ-PALs), Centre for Health Research, University of Southern Queensland, 37 Sinnathamby Boulevard, Springfield Central, QLD 4300, Australia; Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Ghent University, Belgium
| | - Stuart J H Biddle
- Physically Active Lifestyles Research Group (USQ-PALs), Centre for Health Research, University of Southern Queensland, 37 Sinnathamby Boulevard, Springfield Central, QLD 4300, Australia
| | - Blanca Gavilán-Carrera
- Physical Activity for Health Promotion Research Group (PA-HELP), Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, Universidad de Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Víctor Segura-Jiménez
- GALENO Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, Universidad de Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain; Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INiBICA), Cadiz, Spain
| | - Jason Bennie
- Physically Active Lifestyles Research Group (USQ-PALs), Centre for Health Research, University of Southern Queensland, 37 Sinnathamby Boulevard, Springfield Central, QLD 4300, Australia
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Tolea MI, Heo J, Chrisphonte S, Galvin JE. A Modified CAIDE Risk Score as a Screening Tool for Cognitive Impairment in Older Adults. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 82:1755-1768. [PMID: 34219721 PMCID: PMC8483620 DOI: 10.3233/jad-210269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although an efficacious dementia-risk score system, Cardiovascular Risk Factors, Aging, and Dementia (CAIDE) was derived using midlife risk factors in a population with low educational attainment that does not reflect today's US population, and requires laboratory biomarkers, which are not always available. OBJECTIVE Develop and validate a modified CAIDE (mCAIDE) system and test its ability to predict presence, severity, and etiology of cognitive impairment in older adults. METHODS Population consisted of 449 participants in dementia research (N = 230; community sample; 67.9±10.0 years old, 29.6%male, 13.7±4.1 years education) or receiving dementia clinical services (N = 219; clinical sample; 74.3±9.8 years old, 50.2%male, 15.5±2.6 years education). The mCAIDE, which includes self-reported and performance-based rather than blood-derived measures, was developed in the community sample and tested in the independent clinical sample. Validity against Framingham, Hachinski, and CAIDE risk scores was assessed. RESULTS Higher mCAIDE quartiles were associated with lower performance on global and domain-specific cognitive tests. Each one-point increase in mCAIDE increased the odds of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) by up to 65%, those of AD by 69%, and those for non-AD dementia by > 85%, with highest scores in cases with vascular etiologies. Being in the highest mCAIDE risk group improved ability to discriminate dementia from MCI and controls and MCI from controls, with a cut-off of ≥7 points offering the highest sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values. CONCLUSION mCAIDE is a robust indicator of cognitive impairment in community-dwelling seniors, which can discriminate well between dementia severity including MCI versus controls. The mCAIDE may be a valuable tool for case ascertainment in research studies, helping flag primary care patients for cognitive testing, and identify those in need of lifestyle interventions for symptomatic control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena I. Tolea
- Comprehensive Center for Brain Health, Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine
| | - Jaeyeong Heo
- Department of Neurology, Harbor UCLA Medical Center
| | - Stephanie Chrisphonte
- Comprehensive Center for Brain Health, Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine
| | - James E. Galvin
- Comprehensive Center for Brain Health, Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine
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Sun S, Xue W, Zhou Y. Classification of young healthy individuals with different exercise levels based on multiple musculoskeletal ultrasound images. Biomed Signal Process Control 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bspc.2020.102093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Associations of leisure screen time with cardiometabolic biomarkers in college-aged adults. J Behav Med 2020; 43:1014-1025. [PMID: 32451650 DOI: 10.1007/s10865-020-00161-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We examined whether screen time was associated with cardiometabolic disease (CMD) risk factors in young adults. Ninety-five adults (19.9 ± 11.4 years) self-reported medical and health behavior history, screen time (television viewing, video games and computer games), and dietary intake. Waist circumference, blood pressure, fasting glucose and lipid levels, cardiorespiratory fitness (VO2peak), and body composition were measured. Total sedentary behavior and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) were measured by accelerometer. On average, leisure screen time (2.0 ± 1.6 h day-1) accounted for 24% of total sedentary time (8.4 ± 1.5 h day-1). After adjustment for demographics, smoking, sleep duration, total energy intake, total sedentary time and MVPA, a 1-standard deviation increase in leisure screen time was associated with a 26% higher BMI, 29% higher waist circumference, 25% higher fat mass, 23% higher triglyceride, and 24% lower VO2peak (p < 0.05). Our findings suggest that screen time may contribute to the risk of obesity and CMD in young adults.
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McDaniel JT, Thomas KH, Angel CM, Erwin MS, Nemec LP, Young BB, Armstrong NJ, Smith BP, Pinter JM. Regional differences in BMI, obesity, and exercise frequency in a large veteran service organization: A secondary analysis of new veteran member surveys from Team Red, White & Blue. Prev Med Rep 2018; 12:116-121. [PMID: 30233999 PMCID: PMC6140822 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2018.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to examine regional differences in average self-reported BMI, obesity prevalence, and frequent exercise (FE) among members of Team Red, White, and Blue (Team RWB) – a military veteran service organization founded to increase physical activity in veterans. A total of 10,015 military veterans participated in a needs assessment conducted by Team RWB between December 2014 and August 2016. Multivariate regression analysis with bootstrapped coefficients revealed that: BMI was highest in the Midwest region (M = 28.282) of the United States, F(20, 9882) = 105.560, p < 0.001; obesity prevalence was highest in the Southcentral (32.300%) and Southeast (32.200%) regions, x2(9731) = 10,850, p < 0.001; and FE was most prevalent in the Mid-Atlantic region (67.3%), x2(9882) = 11,291, p < 0.001.The results of this study closely mirror results found in studies of the general population. A better understanding of the geographic distribution of these outcomes could guide the targeting of sub-populations for public health programs. In particular, Team Red, White & Blue community growth and other fitness based public health programs could be expanded to reach more veterans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin T. McDaniel
- College of Education and Human Services, Department of Public Health and Recreation Professions, Southern Illinois University, 475 Clocktower Drive, Mailcode 4632, Carbondale, IL 62901, United States of America
- Corresponding author.
| | - Kate H. Thomas
- College of Health Sciences, 9200 University Blvd., Charleston, SC 29406, United States of America
| | - Caroline M. Angel
- Team Red, White, and Blue, Institute for Veterans and Military Families, Syracuse University, 1110 W. Platt Street, Tampa, FL 33606, United States of America
| | - Michael S. Erwin
- Team Red, White, and Blue, The Positivity Project, Pinehurst, NC 28374, United States of America
| | - Louis P. Nemec
- Team Red, White & Blue, 1110 W. Platt Street, Tampa, FL 33606, United States of America
| | - Brandon B. Young
- Team Red, White & Blue, The Tennyson Center for Children, 2950 Tennyson Street, Denver, CO 80212, United States of America
| | - Nicholas J. Armstrong
- The Institute for Veterans and Military Families, Syracuse University, 150 Crouse Drive, Syracuse, NY 13244, United States of America
| | - Blayne P. Smith
- Team Red, White, and Blue, 1110 W. Platt St., Tampa, FL 33606, United States of America
| | - John M. Pinter
- Team Red, White, and Blue, 1110 W. Platt Street, Tampa, FL 33606, United States of America
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