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Ertl MM, Ellis MV, Peterson LP. Supervisor Cultural Humility and Supervisee Nondisclosure: The Supervisory Working Alliance Matters. COUNSELING PSYCHOLOGIST 2023; 51:590-620. [PMID: 37635847 PMCID: PMC10457092 DOI: 10.1177/00110000231159316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Given that half or more of supervisees (therapist trainees) never have their clinical work monitored or observed, supervisees who withhold salient information in clinical supervision compromise supervisors' ability to monitor client welfare and promote supervisees' professional development. Attempting to further understand the factors explaining supervisee nondisclosure, we tested the supervisory working alliance as a mediator of the hypothesized inverse relations of cultural humility and collaborative supervision with supervisee nondisclosure (supervision-related and clinically-related nondisclosure) among a diverse sample of 214 supervisees in applied psychology and allied mental health programs. Results supported the hypotheses that (1) descriptively, supervision-related nondisclosure was more prominent than clinically-related nondisclosure, (2) cultural humility substantially inversely predicted supervisee nondisclosure, and (3) the supervisory working alliance fully mediated the inverse relations of cultural humility and collaborative supervision with supervisee nondisclosure. Understanding the mechanisms underlying supervisee nondisclosure have broad implications for clinicians and researchers alike.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa M Ertl
- Department of Psychiatry, HIV Center for Clinical and Behavioral Studies at Columbia University and New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, United States
| | - Michael V Ellis
- Department of Educational and Counseling Psychology, University at Albany-State University of New York, Albany, NY, United States
| | - Lawrence P Peterson
- Department of Educational and Counseling Psychology, University at Albany-State University of New York, Albany, NY, United States
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Wang A, Tang C, Zhou L, Lv H, Song J, Chen Z, Yin W. How surface acting affects turnover intention among family doctors in rural China: the mediating role of emotional exhaustion and the moderating role of occupational commitment. HUMAN RESOURCES FOR HEALTH 2023; 21:3. [PMID: 36703192 PMCID: PMC9878490 DOI: 10.1186/s12960-023-00791-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Family doctors in rural China are the main force for primary health care, but the workforce has not been well stabilized in recent years. Surface acting is an emotional labor strategy with a disparity between inner feelings and emotional displays, provoking negative effects such as emotional exhaustion, occupational commitment reduction, and, consequently, increasing turnover rate. With the Conservation of Resources theory, this study explores how the surface acting of rural family doctors affects turnover intention through emotional exhaustion and investigates what role occupational commitment plays in this relationship. METHODS With a valid response rate of 93.89%, 953 valid data were collected by an anonymous self-administered questionnaire survey in December 2021 in Shandong Province, China. Cronbach's Alpha and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were used to estimate reliability and construct validity, respectively. The PROCESS macro in SPSS was performed to analyze the mediating and moderated mediation effects of surface acting, emotional exhaustion, occupational commitment, and turnover intention. RESULTS Reliability and validity indicated that the measurement instruments were acceptable. Surface acting had a direct positive effect on turnover intention (β = 0.481, 95% CI [0.420, 0.543]). Emotional exhaustion partially mediated the effect of surface acting on turnover intention (indirect effect: 0.214, 95% CI [0.175, 0.256]). Occupational commitment moderated the effect of emotional exhaustion on turnover intention (β = - 0.065, 95% CI [- 0.111, - 0.019]), and moderated the indirect effect of surface acting on turnover intention via emotional exhaustion (index of moderated mediation: - 0.035). CONCLUSIONS Emotional exhaustion partially mediates the relationship between surface acting and turnover intention among family doctors in rural China, and occupational commitment moderates the direct effect of emotional exhaustion on turnover intention and further moderates the mediating effect. Policymakers should pay more attention to the effects of emotional labor and emotional resource depletion on the stability of rural health human resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anqi Wang
- School of Public Health, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Changhai Tang
- School of Public Affairs, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- School of Business, NingboTech University, Ningbo, China
| | - Lifang Zhou
- School of Management, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Haiyuan Lv
- School of Management, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Jia Song
- School of Management, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Zhongming Chen
- School of Management, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Wenqiang Yin
- School of Management, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
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Murphy J, Kruis N. Emotional Exhaustion and Turnover Intentions among Counselors in Rural Substance Use Disorder Treatment Programs. Subst Use Misuse 2023; 58:180-187. [PMID: 36469610 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2022.2151314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Counselor turnover is a serious problem for substance use disorder (SUD) treatment programs, especially in rural areas. This study examined the relationship between workload, workplace environment, and emotional exhaustion on turnover intentions among SUD treatment counselors in rural Pennsylvania. An online, anonymous survey was administered to rural SUD treatment counselors in Pennsylvania between October and December 2020. Completed surveys from 206 counselors were used for analysis. Variables included multi-dimensional measures of emotional exhaustion, intention to quit, workload, and workplace environment. Results showed age, perceptions of distributive justice, and management communication to be inversely related to emotional exhaustion and intention to quit. A subsequent analysis showed that the direct effects of these variables on intention to quit were reduced with the inclusion of emotional exhaustion in modeling, suggesting a potential mediation effect. Findings indicated that higher levels of emotional exhaustion were directly related to a greater intention to quit. A statistically significant indirect relationship was also found for distributive justice on intention to quit through emotional exhaustion, indicating a significant mediating effect. While counseling is a stressful occupation with high potential for burnout, these results show that organizations can adopt practices that help lower emotional exhaustion and turnover intentions for their counselors which could improve retention in the SUD treatment field. This is especially important for rural areas, where there is a high demand for SUD services and not enough treatment workers to meet that demand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Murphy
- Criminal Justice, Penn State Berks, Reading, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Nathan Kruis
- Criminal Justice, Penn State Altoona, Altoona, Pennsylvania, USA
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Gravestock J. A scoping review of the literature pertaining to burnout and leadership in mental health clinicians. Leadersh Health Serv (Bradf Engl) 2022; ahead-of-print. [PMID: 36408980 DOI: 10.1108/lhs-04-2022-0043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This paper aims to explore what is known in the literature about leadership and burnout within mental health clinicians (MHC). DESIGN/METHODOLOGY/APPROACH The Arksey and O'Malley (2005) framework was used to conduct a systematised scoping review of three databases: PsycInfo, PubMed and CINAHL. To ensure a broad scope of the literature, Google, Google Scholar and three sources of grey literature were also searched. FINDINGS In total 1,087 articles were identified and 36 were included in the final review, 23 of which were cross-sectional and correlational studies. There is a lack of experimental studies, longitudinal research and qualitative approaches. The literature repeatedly demonstrated an association between leadership and burnout; transformational-leadership style, good quality supervision, supportive relationships, positive communication and fostering autonomy are areas of interest. RESEARCH LIMITATIONS/IMPLICATIONS Future research activity should aim to follow the recommendations made in the literature; more experimental and longitudinal approaches are needed to support practical application of the findings. ORIGINALITY/VALUE To the best of the author's knowledge there is no other review which maps out the research pertaining to leadership and burnout among MHC. These findings can be used to guide future research to ensure that efforts are directed toward original, meaningful and practical ventures that will add to the evidence base and benefit clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Gravestock
- Department of Health, Psychology and Social care, University of Derby, Derby, UK
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O'Donnell C, Popovich S, Lee N, Hides L. Barriers and facilitators to accessing effective clinical supervision and the implementation of a clinical supervision exchange model in the Australian alcohol and other drugs sector. Drug Alcohol Rev 2022; 41:988-1002. [PMID: 35231140 PMCID: PMC9310610 DOI: 10.1111/dar.13450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Internationally, clinical/practice supervision is considered essential in the development and maintenance of professional proficiency across health disciplines. Among alcohol and other drug (AOD) workers, however, access to effective clinical supervision is limited. This study examined perceived barriers and facilitators to: (i) AOD workers accessing effective clinical supervision; and (ii) effective implementation of a clinical supervision exchange model in the AOD sector. METHODS Qualitative interviews with frontline workers (n = 10) and managers (n = 11) employed by eight government and non-government AOD treatment services in Brisbane, Australia were undertaken. Interviews were audio recorded, transcribed and data were thematically analysed. RESULTS Frontline workers and managers shared similar views. Reported barriers and facilitators to accessing effective clinical supervision included limited time, the high cost of providers, availability of skilled clinical supervisors, supervisor-supervisee matching and supervision modality. Participants considered the implementation of a clinical supervision exchange model to be a resource-effective strategy to increase access to external, individual clinical supervision while also exposing workers to a greater diversity of perspectives, increasing sector collaboration and improving the perceived value of clinical supervision among the workforce. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS The findings of this study suggest that limited time, cost and availability of skilled supervisors are primary barriers to AOD workers accessing high-quality clinical supervision. Implementation of a clinical supervision exchange model is perceived by frontline workers and service delivery managers to be a resource-effective strategy for increasing access to high-quality clinical supervision among workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney O'Donnell
- School of Psychology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.,Queensland Network of Alcohol and Other Drug Agencies, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Sean Popovich
- Queensland Network of Alcohol and Other Drug Agencies, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Nicole Lee
- 360Edge, Melbourne, Australia.,National Drug Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Leanne Hides
- Lives Lived Well, School of Psychology, National Centre for Youth Substance Use Research, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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R-E-S-P-E-C-T: Psychosocial Factors Outdo Employment Conditions in Predicting Job Satisfaction and Turnover Intentions for AOD Nurses and Counsellors. Int J Ment Health Addict 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11469-021-00676-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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Training Public Sector Clinicians in Competency-Based Clinical Supervision: Methods, Curriculum, and Lessons Learned. JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY PSYCHOTHERAPY 2021; 51:227-237. [PMID: 33840833 PMCID: PMC8025061 DOI: 10.1007/s10879-021-09499-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
This article describes an initiative to train public sector clinicians in competency-based clinical supervision. It was delivered as an 18-session course taught online to clinicians employed in departments of behavioral health in nine Southern California counties. The curriculum was co-constructed by a team of clinical supervision scholars and leaders who then served as instructors. Each two-hour meeting addressed a specific topic for which a training video had been prepared, usually featuring a member of the training team who had expertise in that topic. The second part of each meeting focused on a class member’s supervision case presentation. Those presentations revealed 35 themes; the four most frequently occurring were: developing supervisees’ clinical competencies, addressing countertransference and parallel process, balancing clinical and administrative supervisory roles, and addressing record keeping/paperwork. Participants’ pre-to-post supervisory self-efficacy changes demonstrated a moderate effect size (Cohen’s d = .46) for the training, with the greatest pre- to post-training changes being in the use of technology, multicultural competencies (awareness of oppression, bias, and stereotyping in clinical work and in clinical supervision), and contracting. They reported that the strengths of the course included an inclusive learning environment and opportunities to reflect on and apply new knowledge and skills, though they also reported struggling with the assignments and the course platform software. Lessons learned reflected the use of technology in this online program, the importance of obtaining buy-in from agency decision makers and being prepared to address challenges related to the use of direct observation in supervision, gatekeeping, and enacting the simultaneous roles of administrative and clinical supervisor.
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Jackson JR, Harle CA, Silverman RD, Simon K, Menachemi N. Characterizing variability in state-level regulations governing opioid treatment programs. J Subst Abuse Treat 2020; 115:108008. [PMID: 32600617 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsat.2020.108008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2019] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The opioid use crisis has left nearly 1 million people in need of treatment. States have focused primarily on policies aimed at decreasing the prevalence of opioid use disorder. However, opioid treatment programs (OTPs), an evidence-based modality which can prevent and decrease opioid-related mortality and morbidity, remain highly complex with variation in treatment by state. Evidence-based state-level regulation of OTPs can be a powerful tool and may help improve the unmet need for treatment. This study characterized the variability in state laws that regulate OTPs and examines how this variability is associated with state characteristics. Our data provides an opportunity for policymakers to consider regulations that increase access to care and retention in OTPs, which could improve population health. MATERIALS AND METHODS Utilizing policy mapping techniques, we identified all regulations governing OTPs in effect on January 1, 2017 and determined whether the most common regulations were consistent with best practices. We then examined how the number and type of regulations were associated with state characteristics. All policy mapping research was conducted between November 2017 and March 2019. RESULTS We identified 89 different regulations, the most common of which exists in fewer than half of all states; and most exist in <25% of states. Eighteen of the 30 most common regulations were inconsistent with best practice recommendations. Overall, variability in the number and type of OTP regulations was related to geographic location as opposed to state size. CONCLUSIONS Wide-ranging variability exists in the regulations of OTPs across the U.S. Most state OTP regulations are not congruent with best practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna R Jackson
- Winthrop University, College of Business Administration, Department of Management and Marketing, Rock Hill, SC, United States of America.
| | - Christopher A Harle
- Department of Health Outcomes and Biomedical Informatics, University of Florida, United States of America
| | - Ross D Silverman
- Indiana University, Richard M. Fairbanks School of Public Health at Indianapolis, Department of Health Policy and Management, Indianapolis, IN, United States of America
| | - Kosali Simon
- Indiana University, Paul H. O'Neill School of Public and Environmental Affairs, Bloomington, IN, United States of America
| | - Nir Menachemi
- Indiana University, Richard M. Fairbanks School of Public Health at Indianapolis, Department of Health Policy and Management, Indianapolis, IN, United States of America
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Ren X, Wang X, Sun H. Key person ethical decision-making and substandard drugs rejection intentions. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0229412. [PMID: 32191721 PMCID: PMC7081989 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0229412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Substandard drugs are a major public health issue worldwide. Key person such as the Qualified Person in China and Europe is responsible for rejecting substandard drugs during the manufacturing stage. This study applies the Hunt-Vitell ethical decision-making model to study their rejection intentions on substandard drugs. Using the experimental vignette methodology, two scenarios were developed to represent different levels of deviation from regulations in pharmaceutical manufacturing. Responses from 204 Chinese key persons show a decline in deontology, ethical judgment, and rejection intention, and an increase in teleology in the minor deviation scenario, in comparison with the major deviation scenario. The results from the two scenarios show that the Hunt-Vitell ethical decision-making model is well fitted to explain substandard drug rejection intentions. Organizational and occupational commitments have a significant positive impact on deontological evaluation. Whereas, occupational commitments have a significant negative impact on teleological evaluation. This study suggests that strengthening occupational commitment can significantly affect key person’s rejection intentions of substandard drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Ren
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - He Sun
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
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Predictors of work engagement among Australian non-government drug and alcohol employees: Implications for policy and practice. THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DRUG POLICY 2020; 76:102638. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2019.102638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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11
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Beitel M, Oberleitner L, Muthulingam D, Oberleitner D, Madden LM, Marcus R, Eller A, Bono MH, Barry DT. Experiences of burnout among drug counselors in a large opioid treatment program: A qualitative investigation. Subst Abus 2019. [PMID: 29522381 DOI: 10.1080/08897077.2018.1449051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about possible experiences of burnout among drug counselors in opioid treatment programs that are scaling up capacity to address the current opioid treatment gap. METHODS Participants in this quality improvement study were 31 drug counselors employed by large opioid treatment programs whose treatment capacities were expanding. Experiences of burnout and approaches for managing and/or preventing burnout were examined using individual semi-structured interviews, which were audiotaped, transcribed, and systematically coded by a multidisciplinary team using grounded theory. RESULTS Rates of reported burnout (in response to an open-ended question) were lower than expected, with approximately 26% of participants reporting burnout. Counselor descriptions of burnout included cognitive, affective, behavioral, and physiological symptoms; and job-related demands were identified as a frequent cause. Participants described both self-initiated (e.g., engaging in pleasurable activities, exercising, taking breaks during workday) and system-supported strategies for managing or preventing burnout (e.g., availing of supervision and paid time off). Counselors provided recommendations for system-level changes to attenuate counselor risk of burnout (e.g., increased staff-wide encounters, improved communication, accessible paid time off, and increased clinical supervision). CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest that drug counselor burnout is not inevitable, even in opioid treatment program settings whose treatment capacities are expanding. Organizations might benefit from routinely assessing counselor feedback about burnout and implementing feasible recommendations to attenuate burnout and promote work engagement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Beitel
- a Department of Psychiatry , Yale School of Medicine , New Haven , Connecticut , USA.,b Pain Treatment Services , The APT Foundation , Inc., New Haven , Connecticut , USA
| | - Lindsay Oberleitner
- a Department of Psychiatry , Yale School of Medicine , New Haven , Connecticut , USA
| | - Dharushana Muthulingam
- c Department of Internal Medicine , Yale School of Medicine , New Haven , Connecticut , USA
| | - David Oberleitner
- d Department of Psychology , University of Bridgeport , Bridgeport , Connecticut , USA
| | - Lynn M Madden
- a Department of Psychiatry , Yale School of Medicine , New Haven , Connecticut , USA.,b Pain Treatment Services , The APT Foundation , Inc., New Haven , Connecticut , USA
| | - Ruthanne Marcus
- c Department of Internal Medicine , Yale School of Medicine , New Haven , Connecticut , USA
| | - Anthony Eller
- b Pain Treatment Services , The APT Foundation , Inc., New Haven , Connecticut , USA.,f Yale School of Public Health , New Haven , Connecticut , USA
| | - Madeline H Bono
- b Pain Treatment Services , The APT Foundation , Inc., New Haven , Connecticut , USA.,e Department of Psychology , New York University, New York , New York , USA
| | - Declan T Barry
- a Department of Psychiatry , Yale School of Medicine , New Haven , Connecticut , USA.,b Pain Treatment Services , The APT Foundation , Inc., New Haven , Connecticut , USA
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Vitality as a Moderator of Clinician History of Trauma and Compassion Fatigue. CONTEMPORARY FAMILY THERAPY 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10591-019-09508-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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13
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van de Ven K, Ritter A, Roche A. Alcohol and other drug (AOD) staffing and their workplace: examining the relationship between clinician and organisational workforce characteristics and treatment outcomes in the AOD field. DRUGS-EDUCATION PREVENTION AND POLICY 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/09687637.2019.1622649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katinka van de Ven
- Drug Policy Modelling Program (DPMP), Social Policy Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Alison Ritter
- Drug Policy Modelling Program (DPMP), Social Policy Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Ann Roche
- National Centre for Education and Training on Addiction (NCETA), Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
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Katz IM, Rudolph CW, Zacher H. Age and career commitment: Meta-analytic tests of competing linear versus curvilinear relationships. JOURNAL OF VOCATIONAL BEHAVIOR 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvb.2019.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Dehlin M, Lundh LG. Compassion fatigue and compassion satisfaction among psychologists: Can supervision and a reflective stance be of help? J Pers Oriented Res 2018; 4:95-107. [PMID: 33569136 PMCID: PMC7842650 DOI: 10.17505/jpor.2018.09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The pleasure derived from helping others is referred to as compassion satisfaction (CS). When a psychologist feels a too heavy demand to be compassionate and effective in helping, however, this may result in compassion fatigue (CF). CF may take the form of burnout or secondary traumatic stress (STS). The present paper focuses on two factors that may possibly protect against the development of CF, and facilitate the development of CS: (1) access to supervision and (2) a reflective stance. An online survey was distributed to two closed Swedish Facebook groups of psychologists, and complete data were obtained from 374 psychologists (320 women and 63 men). Both variable-oriented and person-oriented analyses were carried out. Correlational analysis showed that both supervision and reflection was associated with more CS, whereas only supervision but not reflection was significantly associated with less CF. Cluster analysis gave a more nuanced picture, suggesting a non-linear and multi-faceted association between reflection and CF. Some clusters of psychologists showed the expected association between level of reflection and level of CF. This was balanced, however, by other clusters that showed an association in the opposite direction, indicating high levels of reflection in clinicians with high levels of CF, and low levels in clinicians with low levels of CF. The results are discussed in terms of these differences in associative patterns possibly being due to different patient populations being involved. Among the limitations of the present study are its cross-sectional design, absence of data on patient characteristics, and a crude measure of supervision and reflection.
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Roche A, Nicholas R. Workforce development: An important paradigm shift for the alcohol and other drugs sector. DRUGS-EDUCATION PREVENTION AND POLICY 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/09687637.2016.1262823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ann Roche
- National Centre for Education and Training on Addiction (NCETA), Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Roger Nicholas
- National Centre for Education and Training on Addiction (NCETA), Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
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Kulesza M, Hunter SB, Shearer AL, Booth M. Relationship between Provider Stigma and Predictors of Staff Turnover among Addiction Treatment Providers. ALCOHOLISM TREATMENT QUARTERLY 2016; 35:63-70. [PMID: 29129956 DOI: 10.1080/07347324.2016.1256716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
To further our knowledge about feasible targets for improving quality of addiction treatment services, the current study provides preliminary assessment of the relationship between provider stigma and indicators of staff turnover. As predicted, results suggest that higher provider stigma was significantly related to lower ratings of job satisfaction and workplace climate. However, provider stigma was not significantly related to burnout. Our preliminary findings, if replicated, suggest the importance of considering provider stigma as a risk factor for future staff turnover and job dissatisfaction. Promising provider stigma interventions do exist and offer viable opportunity for improving quality of addiction treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Amy L Shearer
- RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, California, USA.,Portland State University, Psychology Department, Portland, Oregon, USA
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Nägele C, Neuenschwander MP. Adjustment processes and fit perceptions as predictors of organizational commitment and occupational commitment of young workers. JOURNAL OF VOCATIONAL BEHAVIOR 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvb.2014.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Gillieatt S, Martin R, Marchant T, Fielding A, Duncanson K. Evaluation of an inter-professional training program for student clinical supervision in Australia. HUMAN RESOURCES FOR HEALTH 2014; 12:60. [PMID: 25315336 PMCID: PMC4210568 DOI: 10.1186/1478-4491-12-60] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2014] [Accepted: 09/25/2014] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As a response to an Australian shortage of clinical health, nursing, and medical placements, Commonwealth Government funding has been directed to expand student training opportunities and increase the competence and number of available clinical supervisors. This paper evaluates the application of a particular supervision training model for this purpose. It considers the model's suitability and relevance across professions and its impact on supervisory knowledge, skills, and values as well as the intention to supervise students. METHODS The design, delivery, and evaluation of a series of one-day introductory student clinical supervision training workshops for allied health disciplines, nursing, and medicine are considered. Participants evaluated Proctor's model of clinical supervision, which was expanded by the trainers to incorporate diversity and power relations in student supervision. RESULTS Evaluation results suggest that adapting Proctor's model for student clinical supervision is relevant across a broad range of health disciplines and clinical areas. Participants from 11 health professions reported that the training improved their knowledge, skills, and values and expanded their willingness to accept student clinical placements. The outcomes are suggestive of enhanced clinical supervision intent, capacity, and capability. CONCLUSIONS The student supervision training improved participants' confidence in their clinical supervision skills. The findings suggest that the training has the potential to extend capacity and capability for student supervision across health professions and in Health Workforce Australia's identified priority areas of mental health, community health, rehabilitation, private practice, and non-government organisations. Findings also indicate that these gains are reliant on health organizations developing and sustaining cultures of learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sue Gillieatt
- School of Occupational Therapy and Social Work Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, Western Australia 6845 Australia
| | - Robyn Martin
- School of Occupational Therapy and Social Work Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, Western Australia 6845 Australia
| | - Trudi Marchant
- School of Occupational Therapy and Social Work Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, Western Australia 6845 Australia
| | - Angela Fielding
- School of Occupational Therapy and Social Work Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, Western Australia 6845 Australia
| | - Kate Duncanson
- School of Occupational Therapy and Social Work Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, Western Australia 6845 Australia
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Garner BR, Hunter BD. Predictors of Staff Turnover and Turnover Intentions within Addiction Treatment Settings: Change Over Time Matters. SUBSTANCE ABUSE-RESEARCH AND TREATMENT 2014; 8:63-71. [PMID: 25336960 PMCID: PMC4196888 DOI: 10.4137/sart.s17133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2014] [Revised: 08/01/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the extent to which changes over time in clinicians’ responses to measures of work attitude (eg, job satisfaction) and psychological climate (eg, supervisor support) could predict actual turnover and turnover intentions above and beyond absolute levels of these respective measures. Longitudinal data for this study were collected from a sample of clinicians (N = 96) being trained to implement an evidence-based treatment for adolescent substance use disorders. Supporting findings from a recent staff turnover study, we found job satisfaction change was able to predict actual turnover above and beyond average levels of job satisfaction. Representing new contributions to the staff turnover literature, we also found that change over time in several other key measures (eg, job satisfaction, role manageability, role clarity) explained a significant amount of variance in turnover intentions above and beyond the absolute level of each respective measure. A key implication of the current study is that organizations seeking to improve their ability to assess risk for staff turnover may want to consider assessing staff at multiple points in time in order to identify systematic changes in key employee attitudes like turnover intentions and job satisfaction.
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