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Spata A, Gupta I, Lear MK, Lunze K, Luoma JB. Substance use stigma: A systematic review of measures and their psychometric properties. DRUG AND ALCOHOL DEPENDENCE REPORTS 2024; 11:100237. [PMID: 38779475 PMCID: PMC11108807 DOI: 10.1016/j.dadr.2024.100237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Background Instruments to measure substance use stigma are emerging, however little is known regarding their psychometric properties. While research has evolved to view substance use stigma as a context sensitive international phenomenon that is embedded within cultures, validated self-report measures are lacking and comprehensive reviews of the existing measures are extremely limited. In this systematic review of substance use stigma and shame measures, we aim to contextualize results from existing research, lay the groundwork for future measurement development research, and provide a thorough resource for research scientists currently designing studies to measure substance use stigma. Methods We searched three databases using Boolean search terms for psychometric evaluations of measures of substance use stigma and shame and evaluated the quality/psychometric properties using an adaptation of the COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement Instruments (COSMIN) systematic review guidelines. Results We identified 18 measures of substance use stigma. Overall, most measures had minimal psychometric assessments and none of the measures met all domains of the COSMIN measure quality criteria. However, most studies reported satisfactory factor analyses and internal consistency scores. Conclusions Most measures of substance use stigma and shame had psychometric assessment across a limited range of criteria and no measures of structural substance use stigma were found. The most reported psychometric properties were structural validity and convergent validity. We suggest future researchers investigate test-retest reliability and cross-cultural validity for existing substance use stigma measures, as well as develop and evaluate novel measures assessing structural stigma of substance use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelica Spata
- Portland Psychotherapy Clinic, Research, and Training Center, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Ishita Gupta
- Dr. Rajendra Prasad Governmental Medical College, Tanda, India
| | - M. Kati Lear
- Portland Psychotherapy Clinic, Research, and Training Center, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Karsten Lunze
- Boston University Aram V. Chobanian & Edward Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jason B. Luoma
- Portland Psychotherapy Clinic, Research, and Training Center, Portland, OR, USA
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Ware OD, Sacco P, Cagle JG, Frey JJ, Wagner FA, Wimberly AS, Gyebi-Foster B, Diaz M, Peters K, Zemore SE. Higher perceived stress during admission is associated with shorter retention in short-term residential substance use disorder treatment. Addict Behav Rep 2023; 18:100502. [PMID: 38170055 PMCID: PMC10758394 DOI: 10.1016/j.abrep.2023.100502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Over one million people in the U.S. received residential treatment for a substance use disorder (SUD) in 2020. Longer treatment retention is associated with better outcomes (e.g., reduced substance use). Entering treatment with higher stress may be associated with shorter retention. This paper examines the impact of perceived stress at admission on SUD treatment retention in short-term residential treatment. Methods A sample of 271 treatment episodes with admissions between October 2019 and February 2020 were collected from de-identified records of an urban mid-Atlantic adult 28-day short-term residential SUD treatment facility. Treatment completion involved finishing 28 days. Sociodemographic, substance use, perceived stress, and treatment discharge variables were analyzed. Bivariate analyses examined differences between treatment completion and early discharge, and Cox regression investigated the effect of perceived stress on treatment retention with covariates. Results The sample was primarily male (73.8%) and non-Hispanic Black (71.6%). A majority used heroin as their primary substance (54.6%) and reported polysubstance use (72.3%). About half (51.3%) completed treatment, and completed an average of 18.7 (SD = 10.7) days. Those who prematurely discharged from treatment stayed an average of 8.9 (SD = 7.0) days. The Cox regression model found that higher perceived stress (adjusted hazard ratio (AHR) = 1.028; 95% CI = [1.005, 1.053], p =.019) and a race/ethnicity other than non-Hispanic Black (AHR = 1.546, 95% CI = [1.037, 2.305], p =.033) predicted premature discharge. Conclusions Perceived stress at admission is associated with shorter treatment retention. Early stress management interventions may help increase treatment retention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orrin D. Ware
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Social Work, United States
| | - Paul Sacco
- University of Maryland School of Social Work, United States
| | - John G. Cagle
- University of Maryland School of Social Work, United States
| | - Jodi J. Frey
- University of Maryland School of Social Work, United States
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Falgas-Bague I, Zhen-Duan J, Ferreira C, Tahanasab SA, Cuervo-Torello F, Fukuda M, Markle SL, Alegría M. Uncovering Barriers to Engagement in Substance Use Disorder Care for Medicaid Enrollees. Psychiatr Serv 2023; 74:1116-1122. [PMID: 37070259 DOI: 10.1176/appi.ps.20220193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The authors aimed to uncover factors that affect engagement in substance use disorder treatment among Medicaid beneficiaries in New York State. METHODS The authors conducted 40 semistructured interviews with clients, plan administrators, health care providers, and policy leaders directly involved with substance use care in New York State. Data were analyzed with thematic analysis. RESULTS Main themes resulting from analysis of the 40 interviews showed that most stakeholders agreed that a need exists to better integrate psychosocial services into behavioral health care systems; that systemic stigma, stigma from providers, and lack of cultural responsiveness in the substance use care system hinder engagement in and provision of high-quality care; and that rural health care networks with coordinated models benefit clients' engagement in care. CONCLUSIONS Stakeholders involved in care for substance use disorder perceived a lack of integration of resources to meet clients' social needs, the presence of stigma, and low levels of cultural and linguistic capacity as key factors contributing to low engagement in and low quality of care for substance use disorder. Future interventions should address social needs within the therapeutic regimen and modify curricula in clinical training to reduce stigma and increase cultural competence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Falgas-Bague
- Disparities Research Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (all authors); Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland (Falgas-Bague); Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Zhen-Duan, Alegría)
| | - Jenny Zhen-Duan
- Disparities Research Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (all authors); Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland (Falgas-Bague); Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Zhen-Duan, Alegría)
| | - Caroline Ferreira
- Disparities Research Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (all authors); Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland (Falgas-Bague); Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Zhen-Duan, Alegría)
| | - Sara A Tahanasab
- Disparities Research Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (all authors); Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland (Falgas-Bague); Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Zhen-Duan, Alegría)
| | - Fernando Cuervo-Torello
- Disparities Research Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (all authors); Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland (Falgas-Bague); Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Zhen-Duan, Alegría)
| | - Marie Fukuda
- Disparities Research Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (all authors); Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland (Falgas-Bague); Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Zhen-Duan, Alegría)
| | - Sheri L Markle
- Disparities Research Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (all authors); Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland (Falgas-Bague); Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Zhen-Duan, Alegría)
| | - Margarita Alegría
- Disparities Research Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (all authors); Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland (Falgas-Bague); Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Zhen-Duan, Alegría)
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Martínez Martínez KI, Ojeda Aguilar YL, Robles Villarreal L, Paz Pérez MA. Barriers to methamphetamine treatment seeking in residential centers in Aguascalientes, Mexico. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1193453. [PMID: 37671104 PMCID: PMC10475994 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1193453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction In the Aguascalientes, most people who seek treatment go to non-governmental residential centers, and about half request treatment for meth use. Although some barriers to treatment seeking among these users are known, few studies have been conducted with the Mexican population, specifically with users of residential centers. The aim of this study was to explore the main barriers reported by these patients, the relationship between reported barriers and meth use, as well as identify possible user profiles based on the barriers and the pattern of consumption. Methods We designed a brief survey that evaluated sociodemographic data, consumption pattern, help-seeking for consumption and use of services, barriers in the search for services, depression, and suicide attempts. Here, we report the results of barriers and consumption patterns. The study sample consisted of 865 individuals receiving treatment for meth use in 23 certified residential centers. Results Patients reported an average of 2.12 barriers, the main ones being not considering the services useful for them (41.6%), not considering it important to attend (35%), and not finding time to attend the consultation (29.8%). We found a statistically significant relationship, although weak, between the number of barriers reported by participants and the age of onset of meth use, dangerous perception of meth use, attempts to quit, and the number of problems associated with use. We used a cluster analysis that was performed using the k-means machine learning algorithm, which revealed two clusters. The first was formed by patients who started using meth at a young age which has more problems associated with meth use and more barriers in seeking services, while the other was formed by patients who started at an older age which have fewer problems and fewer barriers. We found statistical differences between groups, where it was found that young group reported consuming more substances, more problems associated, and more barriers in seeking services. Discussions This study revealed the main barriers to seeking treatment among patients in residential centers and found that the age of onset of meth use is a risk factor for presenting more barriers and more problems associated with consumption.
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Herczyk JM, Zullig KJ, Davis SM, Mallow J, Hobbs GR, Davidov DM, Lander LR, Theeke L. Association of Loneliness and Mindfulness in Substance Use Treatment Retention. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:6571. [PMID: 37623157 PMCID: PMC10454177 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20166571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Elevated mental illness prevalence complicates efforts designed to address the opioid crisis in Appalachia. The recovery community acknowledges that loneliness impacts mood and engagement in care factors; however, the predictive relationship between loneliness and retention in medication-assisted outpatient treatment programs has not been explored. Our objectives were to identify associations between mental health factors and retention in treatment and elucidate treatment retention odds. Data were collected from eighty participants (n = 57 retained, n = 23 not retained) of a mindfulness-based relapse prevention (MBRP) intervention for individuals receiving medication for opioid use disorder (MOUD) in Appalachia. Loneliness, depression, and anxiety did not differ between the retained and not retained, nor did they predict not being retained; however, mindfulness was significantly lower among those not retained in treatment compared to those retained (OR = 0.956, 95% CI (0.912-1.00), and p < 0.05). Preliminary findings provide evidence for mindfulness training integration as part of effective treatment, with aims to further elucidate the effectiveness of mindfulness therapies on symptom reduction in co-occurring mental health disorders, loneliness, and MOUD treatment retention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johnathan M. Herczyk
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, School of Public Health, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Keith J. Zullig
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, School of Public Health, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Stephen M. Davis
- Department of Health Policy, Management and Leadership, School of Public Health, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Jennifer Mallow
- School of Nursing, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Gerald R. Hobbs
- Department of Statistics, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Danielle M. Davidov
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, School of Public Health, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Laura R. Lander
- Department of Behavioral Medicine and Psychiatry, Rockefeller Neurosciences Institute, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Laurie Theeke
- School of Nursing, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA
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Pinedo M, Castro Y, Gilbert PA, Caetano R, Zemore SE. Improving assessment of alcohol treatment barriers among Latino and White adults with an alcohol use disorder: Development of the barriers to specialty alcohol treatment scale. Drug Alcohol Depend 2023; 248:109895. [PMID: 37156194 PMCID: PMC10802933 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2023.109895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The present study's aims were two-fold. First, we sought to validate a novel measure to assess barriers to specialty alcohol treatment among White and Latino individuals with an alcohol use disorder (AUD): The Barriers to Specialty Alcohol Treatment (BSAT) scale. Second, we sought to demonstrate that the BSAT scale could be used to explain Latino-White disparities in barriers to alcohol treatment. METHODS In 2021, we recruited an online national sample of 1200 White and Latino adults with a recent AUD. Participants completed an online questionnaire that included the BSAT items. Confirmatory and exploratory factor analyses were conducted to validate the BSAT. Multiple group analyses across race/ethnicity and language were also performed using the final model. RESULTS The final model consisted of 36 items across 7 factors that reflect barriers related to low problem recognition, recovery goals, low perceived treatment efficacy, cultural factors, immigration-related concerns, low perceived social support, and logistical barriers. The final model's factor structure and factor loadings held up across race/ethnicity and language. The top endorsed barriers were low problem recognition, recovery goals, low perceived social support, logistical issues, and low perceived treatment efficacy. Compared to Whites, Latinos were more likely to report perceived lack of social support, logistical barriers, low perceived treatment efficacy, cultural barriers, and immigration-related concerns as barriers. CONCLUSION Findings provide empirical support for the validity of the BSAT scale, which offers improved measurement of specialty alcohol treatment barriers and can be used to explore Latino-White disparities in a future study.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Pinedo
- Kinesiology & Health Education, UT Austin, United States.
| | - Y Castro
- Steve Hicks School of Social Work, UT Austin, United States
| | - P A Gilbert
- College of Public Health, University of Iowa, United States
| | - R Caetano
- Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation, United States
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Romero Reyes D, Moriano León JA, Ybarra Sagarduy JL. Development and validation of the help-seeking intention scale in university students with hazardous and harmful consumption of alcohol. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1112810. [PMID: 36939449 PMCID: PMC10014607 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1112810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) has been proposed as suitable to study help-seeking intentions. This paper aims to develop the IH-RHAC scale (Help-seeking intention in young adults with hazardous and harmful alcohol consumption) with the TPB. The objectives of the study were: (a) to analyze the structure, reliability, and validity of the instrument, (b) to identify whether attitude, subjective norm, self-efficacy, and past help-seeking would predict help-seeking intention, and (c) to assess concurrent validity. Methods From a total of 2,011 students who responded to the surveys, the sample was made up of 263 university students aged 18 to 29 with hazardous and harmful alcohol consumption practices, who responded to an online questionnaire including the AUDIT, IH-RHAC, and a scale of barriers and resources for alcohol consumption. Partial least squares structural equations (PLS-SEM) were used to test the hypotheses about reliability, validity of the scales, and prediction of the constructs: attitude, subjective norms, self-efficacy, and help-seeking in the past about intention. Pearson's correlations were used to obtain evidence of concurrent validity. Results The results displayed favorable psychometric characteristics. The internal measurement model showed that attitude, self-efficacy, and prior help-seeking predicted a 27% help-seeking variance. Subjective norm did not predict intention. Discussion It has been concluded that this is an instrument with psychometric support that can contribute to designing and/or evaluating interventions that promote the students' search for help.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Romero Reyes
- International Doctoral School, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), Madrid, Spain
- *Correspondence: Daniela Romero Reyes,
| | - Juan Antonio Moriano León
- Department of Social and Organizational Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - José Luis Ybarra Sagarduy
- Academic Unit of Social Work and Sciences for Human Development, Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas, Ciudad Victoria, Tamaulipas, Mexico
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Expanding the continuum of substance use disorder treatment: Nonabstinence approaches. Clin Psychol Rev 2022; 91:102110. [PMID: 34864497 PMCID: PMC8815796 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2021.102110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Only a small minority of people with substance use disorders (SUDs) receive treatment. A focus on abstinence is pervasive in SUD treatment, defining success in both research and practice, and punitive measures are often imposed on those who do not abstain. Most adults with SUD do not seek treatment because they do not wish to stop using substances, though many also recognize a need for help. This narrative review considers the need for increased research attention on nonabstinence psychosocial treatment of SUD - especially drug use disorders - as a potential way to engage and retain more people in treatment, to engage people in treatment earlier, and to improve treatment effectiveness. We describe the development of nonabstinence approaches within the historical context of SUD treatment in the United States, review theoretical and empirical rationales for nonabstinence SUD treatment, and review existing models of nonabstinence psychosocial treatment for SUD among adults to identify gaps in the literature and directions for future research. Despite significant empirical support for nonabstinence alcohol interventions, there is a clear gap in research examining nonabstinence psychosocial treatment for drug use disorders. Future research must test the effectiveness of nonabstinence treatments for drug use and address barriers to implementation.
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Nonstigmatizing and Precise Terminology to Describe Processes and Outcomes in Addiction Medicine. J Addict Med 2022; 16:255-257. [PMID: 34128487 PMCID: PMC8669030 DOI: 10.1097/adm.0000000000000885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Scholarly journals and professional organizations in addiction medicine have recently discussed the importance of adopting nonstigmatizing and precise terminology. The present commentary expands that ongoing discussion to terms related to treatment processes and outcomes. Four implicit assumptions of stigmatizing and imprecise terms related to treatment processes and outcomes are overviewed, and research evidence against these assumptions is presented. The commentary ends with recommendations for the use of positive behavioral indicators of processes and outcomes and, more importantly, accompanying them with nonevaluative, objective descriptors of patients' behaviors.
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