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Mazurkiewicz-Pisarek A, Baran J, Ciach T. Antimicrobial Peptides: Challenging Journey to the Pharmaceutical, Biomedical, and Cosmeceutical Use. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24109031. [PMID: 37240379 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24109031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), or host defence peptides, are short proteins in various life forms. Here we discuss AMPs, which may become a promising substitute or adjuvant in pharmaceutical, biomedical, and cosmeceutical uses. Their pharmacological potential has been investigated intensively, especially as antibacterial and antifungal drugs and as promising antiviral and anticancer agents. AMPs exhibit many properties, and some of these have attracted the attention of the cosmetic industry. AMPs are being developed as novel antibiotics to combat multidrug-resistant pathogens and as potential treatments for various diseases, including cancer, inflammatory disorders, and viral infections. In biomedicine, AMPs are being developed as wound-healing agents because they promote cell growth and tissue repair. The immunomodulatory effects of AMPs could be helpful in the treatment of autoimmune diseases. In the cosmeceutical industry, AMPs are being investigated as potential ingredients in skincare products due to their antioxidant properties (anti-ageing effects) and antibacterial activity, which allows the killing of bacteria that contribute to acne and other skin conditions. The promising benefits of AMPs make them a thrilling area of research, and studies are underway to overcome obstacles and fully harness their therapeutic potential. This review presents the structure, mechanisms of action, possible applications, production methods, and market for AMPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Mazurkiewicz-Pisarek
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Technologies CEZAMAT, Warsaw University of Technology, Poleczki 19, 02-822 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Baran
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Technologies CEZAMAT, Warsaw University of Technology, Poleczki 19, 02-822 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz Ciach
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Technologies CEZAMAT, Warsaw University of Technology, Poleczki 19, 02-822 Warsaw, Poland
- Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Warynskiego 1, 00-645 Warsaw, Poland
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Fedacı C, Ertuğrul Uygun HD, Uygun ZO, Akçay Y. A novel biorecognition receptor Citropin-A modified impedimetric biosensor for detection of LNCaP prostate cancer cells. Anal Biochem 2022; 652:114772. [PMID: 35688260 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2022.114772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In this study, Citropin-A (Cit-A) as a biorecognition receptor was used for the first time to develop electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) based biosensor for the detection of Lymph Node Carcinoma of the Prostate (LNCaP) cancer cells. The biosensor was engineered by modification of a gold electrode (AuE) with cysteamine (Cys), Poliamidoamin (PAMAM (G4)) dendrimers, avidin, and biotinylated Cit-A, respectively. The detection time of the LNCaP cells was determined as 300 s by chronoimpedance (CI). Chronoimpedance also provided an exact detection time to avoid non-specific adsorptions. The biosensor showed good linearity between 1500 cells/L and 12000 cells/L, limit of detection (LOD), and limit of quantification (LOQ) values were 518 cells/L and 1570 cells/L, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cemrehan Fedacı
- Ege University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Bornova, İzmir, Turkey
| | | | - Zihni Onur Uygun
- Kafkas University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Kars, Turkey.
| | - Yasemin Akçay
- Ege University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Bornova, İzmir, Turkey
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Parchebafi A, Tamanaee F, Ehteram H, Ahmad E, Nikzad H, Haddad Kashani H. The dual interaction of antimicrobial peptides on bacteria and cancer cells; mechanism of action and therapeutic strategies of nanostructures. Microb Cell Fact 2022; 21:118. [PMID: 35717207 PMCID: PMC9206340 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-022-01848-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial infection and cancer are two leading causes of global mortality. Discovering and developing new therapeutics with better specificity having minimal side-effects and no drug resistance are of an immense need. In this regard, cationic antimicrobial peptides (AMP) with dual antimicrobial and anticancer activities are the ultimate choice. For better efficacy and improved stability, the AMPs available for treatment still required to be modified. There are several strategies in which AMPs can be enhanced through, for instance, nano-carrier application with high selectivity and specificity enables researchers to estimate the rate of drug delivery to a particular tissue. In this review we present the biology and modes of action of AMPs for both anticancer and antimicrobial activities as well as some modification strategies to improve the efficacy and selectivity of these AMPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atefeh Parchebafi
- Anatomical Sciences Research Center, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Tamanaee
- Anatomical Sciences Research Center, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Hassan Ehteram
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Ejaz Ahmad
- Department of Pathology, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Hossein Nikzad
- Anatomical Sciences Research Center, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Hamed Haddad Kashani
- Anatomical Sciences Research Center, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
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Han HL, Kwon CW, Choi Y, Chang PS. Antifungal activity of α-helical propeptide SnuCalCpI15 derived from Calotropis procera R. Br. against food spoilage yeasts. Food Control 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2021.108628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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López-García G, Dublan-García O, Arizmendi-Cotero D, Gómez Oliván LM. Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Peptides Derived from Food Proteins. Molecules 2022; 27:1343. [PMID: 35209132 PMCID: PMC8878547 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27041343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, the demand for food proteins in the market has increased due to a rise in degenerative illnesses that are associated with the excessive production of free radicals and the unwanted side effects of various drugs, for which researchers have suggested diets rich in bioactive compounds. Some of the functional compounds present in foods are antioxidant and antimicrobial peptides, which are used to produce foods that promote health and to reduce the consumption of antibiotics. These peptides have been obtained from various sources of proteins, such as foods and agri-food by-products, via enzymatic hydrolysis and microbial fermentation. Peptides with antioxidant properties exert effective metal ion (Fe2+/Cu2+) chelating activity and lipid peroxidation inhibition, which may lead to notably beneficial effects in promoting human health and food processing. Antimicrobial peptides are small oligo-peptides generally containing from 10 to 100 amino acids, with a net positive charge and an amphipathic structure; they are the most important components of the antibacterial defense of organisms at almost all levels of life-bacteria, fungi, plants, amphibians, insects, birds and mammals-and have been suggested as natural compounds that neutralize the toxicity of reactive oxygen species generated by antibiotics and the stress generated by various exogenous sources. This review discusses what antioxidant and antimicrobial peptides are, their source, production, some bioinformatics tools used for their obtainment, emerging technologies, and health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guadalupe López-García
- Food and Environmental Toxicology Laboratory, Chemistry Faculty, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Paseo Colón Intersección Paseo Tollocan s/n. Col. Residencial Colón, Toluca 50120, Mexico; (G.L.-G.); (L.M.G.O.)
| | - Octavio Dublan-García
- Food and Environmental Toxicology Laboratory, Chemistry Faculty, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Paseo Colón Intersección Paseo Tollocan s/n. Col. Residencial Colón, Toluca 50120, Mexico; (G.L.-G.); (L.M.G.O.)
| | - Daniel Arizmendi-Cotero
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Engineering Faculty, Campus Toluca, Universidad Tecnológica de México (UNITEC), Estado de México, Toluca 50160, Mexico;
| | - Leobardo Manuel Gómez Oliván
- Food and Environmental Toxicology Laboratory, Chemistry Faculty, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Paseo Colón Intersección Paseo Tollocan s/n. Col. Residencial Colón, Toluca 50120, Mexico; (G.L.-G.); (L.M.G.O.)
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Recent Applications of Retro-Inverso Peptides. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168677. [PMID: 34445382 PMCID: PMC8395423 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural and de novo designed peptides are gaining an ever-growing interest as drugs against several diseases. Their use is however limited by the intrinsic low bioavailability and poor stability. To overcome these issues retro-inverso analogues have been investigated for decades as more stable surrogates of peptides composed of natural amino acids. Retro-inverso peptides possess reversed sequences and chirality compared to the parent molecules maintaining at the same time an identical array of side chains and in some cases similar structure. The inverted chirality renders them less prone to degradation by endogenous proteases conferring enhanced half-lives and an increased potential as new drugs. However, given their general incapability to adopt the 3D structure of the parent peptides their application should be careful evaluated and investigated case by case. Here, we review the application of retro-inverso peptides in anticancer therapies, in immunology, in neurodegenerative diseases, and as antimicrobials, analyzing pros and cons of this interesting subclass of molecules.
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da Silva JL, Gupta S, Olivier KN, Zelazny AM. Antimicrobial peptides against drug resistant Mycobacterium abscessus. Res Microbiol 2020; 171:211-214. [PMID: 32198075 DOI: 10.1016/j.resmic.2020.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Mycobacterium abscessus (MAB) comprise rapidly growing, often multidrug-resistant (MDR), nontuberculous mycobacteria responsible for pulmonary and other infections in susceptible hosts. Antimicrobial peptides (APs) are natural and synthetic antimicrobials active against a range of microorganisms including mycobacteria. We evaluated APs activity against MAB reference and clinical strains. We observed minimal inhibitory concentrations of 1.6 to >50 μg/mL. Further work with the most active AP demonstrated protection of Acanthamoeba castellanii (AC) from killing by ingested MAB including MDR MAB strains. Antimicrobial peptides offer an attractive potential option for treatment of drug resistant treatment-refractory MAB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joas L da Silva
- Laboratory of Chronic Airway Infection, Pulmonary Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Shashank Gupta
- Laboratory of Chronic Airway Infection, Pulmonary Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kenneth N Olivier
- Laboratory of Chronic Airway Infection, Pulmonary Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Adrian M Zelazny
- Dept. of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Rodrigues de Almeida N, Catazaro J, Krishnaiah M, Singh Chhonker Y, Murry DJ, Powers R, Conda-Sheridan M. Understanding interactions of Citropin 1.1 analogues with model membranes and their influence on biological activity. Peptides 2019; 119:170119. [PMID: 31336137 PMCID: PMC7161086 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2019.170119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The rapid emergence of resistant bacterial strains has made the search for new antibacterial agents an endeavor of paramount importance. Cationic antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have the ability to kill resistant pathogens while diminishing the development of resistance. Citropin 1.1 (Cit 1.1) is an AMP effective against a broad range of pathogens. 20 analogues of Cit 1.1 were prepared to understand how sequence variations lead to changes in structure and biological activity. Various analogues exhibited an increased antimicrobial activity relative to Cit 1.1. The two most promising, AMP-016 (W3F) and AMP-017 (W3F, D4R, K7R) presented a 2- to 8-fold increase in activity against MRSA (both = 4 μg/mL). AMP-017 was active against E. coli (4 μg/mL), K. pneumoniae (8 μg/mL), and A. baumannii (2 μg/mL). NMR studies indicated that Cit 1.1 and its analogues form a head-to-tail helical dimer in a membrane environment, which differs from a prior study by Sikorska et al. Active peptides displayed a greater tendency to form α-helices and to dimerize when in contact with a negatively-charged membrane. Antimicrobial activity was observed to correlate to the overall stability of the α-helix and to a positively charged N-terminus. Biologically active AMPs were shown by SEM and flow cytometry to disrupt membranes in both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria through a proposed carpet mechanism. Notably, active peptides exhibited typical serum stabilities and a good selectivity for bacterial cells over mammalian cells, which supports the potential use of Cit 1.1 analogues as a novel broad-spectrum antibiotic for drug-resistant bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jonathan Catazaro
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, NE, 68588-0304, USA
| | - Maddeboina Krishnaiah
- Department of Pediatrics Computational Chemistry, University of Nebraska Medical Center - Omaha, NE, 68198-2168, USA
| | - Yashpal Singh Chhonker
- Clinical Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy Practice, University of Nebraska Medical Center - Omaha, NE, 68198-6145, USA
| | - Daryl J Murry
- Clinical Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy Practice, University of Nebraska Medical Center - Omaha, NE, 68198-6145, USA
| | - Robert Powers
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, NE, 68588-0304, USA; Nebraska Center for Integrated Biomolecular Communication, Lincoln, NE, 68588-0304, USA.
| | - Martin Conda-Sheridan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center - Omaha, NE, 68198-6125, USA.
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9
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Piotrowska U, Oledzka E, Zgadzaj A, Bauer M, Sobczak M. A Novel Delivery System for the Controlled Release~of Antimicrobial Peptides: Citropin 1.1 and Temporin A. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:polym10050489. [PMID: 30966523 PMCID: PMC6415511 DOI: 10.3390/polym10050489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Revised: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are prospective therapeutic options for treating multiple-strain infections. However, clinical and commercial development of AMPs has some limitations due to their limited stability, low bioavailability, and potential hemotoxicity. The purpose of this study was to develop new polymeric carriers as highly controlled release devices for amphibian peptides citropin 1.1 (CIT) and temporin A (TEMP). The release rate of the active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) was strongly dependent on the API characteristics and the matrix microstructure. In the current work, we investigated the effect of the polymer microstructure on in vitro release kinetics of AMPs. Non-contact laser profilometry, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were used to determine the structural changes during matrix degradation. Moreover, geno- and cytotoxicity of the synthesized new carriers were evaluated. The in vitro release study of AMPs from the obtained non-toxic matrices shows that peptides were released with near-zero-order kinetics. The peptide “burst release” effect was not observed. New devices have reached the therapeutic concentration of AMPs within 24 h and maintained it for 28 days. Hence, our results suggest that these polymeric devices could be potentially used as therapeutic options for the treatment of local infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urszula Piotrowska
- Department of Biomaterials Chemistry, Chair of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy with the Laboratory Medicine Division, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1 St., 02-097 Warsaw, Poland.
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Materials Science and Design, Kazimierz Pulaski University of Technology and Humanities in Radom, 27 Chrobrego St., 26-600 Radom, Poland.
| | - Ewa Oledzka
- Department of Biomaterials Chemistry, Chair of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy with the Laboratory Medicine Division, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1 St., 02-097 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Anna Zgadzaj
- Department of Environmental Health Science, Faculty of Pharmacy with the Laboratory Medicine Division, Medical University of Warsaw, 1 Banacha St., 02-097 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Marta Bauer
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy with the Laboratory Medicine Division, Medical University of Gdansk, Al. Gen. J. Hallera 107 St., 80-416 Gdansk, Poland.
| | - Marcin Sobczak
- Department of Biomaterials Chemistry, Chair of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy with the Laboratory Medicine Division, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1 St., 02-097 Warsaw, Poland.
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Materials Science and Design, Kazimierz Pulaski University of Technology and Humanities in Radom, 27 Chrobrego St., 26-600 Radom, Poland.
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Kumar P, Kizhakkedathu JN, Straus SK. Antimicrobial Peptides: Diversity, Mechanism of Action and Strategies to Improve the Activity and Biocompatibility In Vivo. Biomolecules 2018; 8:E4. [PMID: 29351202 PMCID: PMC5871973 DOI: 10.3390/biom8010004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 670] [Impact Index Per Article: 111.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Revised: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance is projected as one of the greatest threats to human health in the future and hence alternatives are being explored to combat resistance. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have shown great promise, because use of AMPs leads bacteria to develop no or low resistance. In this review, we discuss the diversity, history and the various mechanisms of action of AMPs. Although many AMPs have reached clinical trials, to date not many have been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) due to issues with toxicity, protease cleavage and short half-life. Some of the recent strategies developed to improve the activity and biocompatibility of AMPs, such as chemical modifications and the use of delivery systems, are also reviewed in this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashant Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada.
- Centre for Blood Research, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, Life Sciences Centre, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada.
| | - Jayachandran N Kizhakkedathu
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada.
- Centre for Blood Research, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, Life Sciences Centre, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada.
| | - Suzana K Straus
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada.
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Retro analog concept: comparative study on physico-chemical and biological properties of selected antimicrobial peptides. Amino Acids 2017; 49:1755-1771. [PMID: 28756544 PMCID: PMC5602100 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-017-2473-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Increasing drug resistance of common pathogens urgently needs discovery of new effective molecules. Antimicrobial peptides are believed to be one of the possible solutions of this problem. One of the approaches for improvement of biological properties is reversion of the sequence (retro analog concept). This research is based on investigation of antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive, Gram-negative bacteria, and fungi, hemolysis of erythrocytes, interpretation of the circular dichroism spectra, measurement of counter-ion content, and assessment of the peptide hydrophobicity and self-assembly using reversed-phase chromatography. The experiments were conducted using the following peptides: aurein 1.2, CAMEL, citropin 1.1, omiganan, pexiganan, temporin A, and their retro analogs. Among the compounds studied, only retro omiganan showed an enhanced antimicrobial and a slightly increased hemolytic activity as compared to parent molecule. Moreover, retro pexiganan exhibited high activity towards Klebsiella pneumoniae, whereas pexiganan was in general more or equally active against the rest of tested microorganisms. Furthermore, the determined activity was closely related to the peptide hydrophobicity. In general, the reduced hemolytic activity correlates with lower antimicrobial activity. The tendency to self-association and helicity fraction in SDS seems to be correlated. The normalized RP-HPLC—temperature profiles of citropin 1.1 and aurein 1.2, revealed an enhanced tendency to self-association than that of their retro analogs.
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12
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Abstract
The structure-function relationship for a family of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) from the skin of Australian tree frogs is discussed and compared with that of peptide toxins from bee and Australian scorpion venoms. Although these membrane-active peptides induce a similar cellular fate by disrupting the lipid bilayer integrity, their lytic activity is achieved via different modes of action, which are investigated in relation to amino acid sequence, secondary structure, and membrane lipid composition. In order to better understand what structural features govern the interaction between peptides and lipid membranes, cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs), which translocate through the membrane without compromising its integrity, are also discussed. AMPs possess membrane lytic activities that are naturally designed to target the cellular membrane of pathogens or competitors. They are extremely diverse in amino acid composition and often show specificity against a particular strain of microbe. Since our antibiotic arsenal is declining precariously in the face of the rise in multiantibiotic resistance, AMPs increasingly are seen as a promising alternative. In an effort to understand their molecular mechanism, biophysical studies of a myriad of AMPs have been reported, yet no unifying mechanism has emerged, rendering difficult the rational design of drug leads. Similarly, a wide variety of cytotoxic peptides are found in venoms, the best known being melittin, yet again, predicting their activity based on a particular amino acid composition or secondary structure remains elusive. A common feature of these membrane-active peptides is their preference for the lipid environment. Indeed, they are mainly unstructured in solution and, in the presence of lipid membranes, quickly adsorb onto the surface, change their secondary structure, eventually insert into the hydrophobic core of the membrane bilayer, and finally disrupt the bilayer integrity. These steps define the molecular mechanism by which these membrane-active peptides lyse membranes. The last class of membrane-active peptides discussed are the CPPs, which translocate across the lipid bilayer without inducing severe disruption and have potential as drug vehicles. CPPs are typically highly charged and can show antimicrobial activity by targeting an intracellular target rather than via a direct membrane lytic mechanism. A critical aspect in the structure-function relationship of membrane-active peptides is their specific activity relative to the lipid membrane composition of the cell target. Cell membranes have a wide diversity of lipids, and those of eukaryotic and prokaryotic species differ greatly in composition and structure. The activity of AMPs from Australian tree frogs, toxins, and CPPs has been investigated within various lipid systems to assess whether a relationship between peptide and membrane composition could be identified. NMR spectroscopy techniques are being used to gain atomistic details of how these membrane-active peptides interact with model membranes and cells, and in particular, competitive assays demonstrate the difference between affinity and activity for a specific lipid environment. Overall, the interactions between these relatively small sized peptides and various lipid bilayers give insight into how these peptides function at the membrane interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc-Antoine Sani
- School of Chemistry, Bio21
Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Frances Separovic
- School of Chemistry, Bio21
Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
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13
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Dawgul M, Baranska-Rybak W, Piechowicz L, Bauer M, Neubauer D, Nowicki R, Kamysz W. The Antistaphylococcal Activity of Citropin 1.1 and Temporin A against Planktonic Cells and Biofilms Formed by Isolates from Patients with Atopic Dermatitis: An Assessment of Their Potential to Induce Microbial Resistance Compared to Conventional Antimicrobials. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2016; 9:E30. [PMID: 27231918 PMCID: PMC4932548 DOI: 10.3390/ph9020030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Revised: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus (SA) colonizes the vast majority of patients with atopic dermatitis (AD). Its resistance to antibiotics and ability to form biofilms are the main origins of therapeutic complications. Endogenous antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) exhibit strong activity against SA, including antibiotic resistant strains as well as bacteria existing in biofilm form. The purpose of the present work was to determine the antistaphylococcal activity of two amphibian peptides against SA isolated from patients with AD. The AMPs demonstrated permanent activity towards strains exposed to sublethal concentrations of the compounds and significantly stronger antibiofilm activity in comparison to that of conventional antimicrobials. The results suggest the potential application of amphibian AMPs as promising antistaphylococcal agents for the management of skin infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malgorzata Dawgul
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, Al. Gen. J. Hallera 107, 80-416 Gdansk, Poland.
| | | | - Lidia Piechowicz
- Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 7, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland.
| | - Marta Bauer
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, Al. Gen. J. Hallera 107, 80-416 Gdansk, Poland.
| | - Damian Neubauer
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, Al. Gen. J. Hallera 107, 80-416 Gdansk, Poland.
| | - Roman Nowicki
- Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 7, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland.
| | - Wojciech Kamysz
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, Al. Gen. J. Hallera 107, 80-416 Gdansk, Poland.
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14
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Pikuła M, Zieliński M, Specjalski K, Barańska-Rybak W, Dawgul M, Langa P, Jassem E, Kamysz W, Trzonkowski P. In VitroEvaluation of the Allergic Potential of Antibacterial Peptides: Camel and Citropin. Chem Biol Drug Des 2015; 87:562-8. [DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.12688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Revised: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michał Pikuła
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Transplantology; Medical University of Gdańsk; Debinki 7 80-211 Gdańsk Poland
| | - Maciej Zieliński
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Transplantology; Medical University of Gdańsk; Debinki 7 80-211 Gdańsk Poland
| | - Krzysztof Specjalski
- Department of Allergology; Medical University of Gdańsk; Debinki 7 80-211 Gdańsk Poland
| | - Wioletta Barańska-Rybak
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology; Medical University of Gdańsk; Debinki 7 80-211 Gdańsk Poland
| | - Małgorzata Dawgul
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry; Medical University of Gdańsk; Al. Hallera 107 80-416 Gdańsk Poland
| | - Paulina Langa
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Transplantology; Medical University of Gdańsk; Debinki 7 80-211 Gdańsk Poland
| | - Ewa Jassem
- Department of Allergology; Medical University of Gdańsk; Debinki 7 80-211 Gdańsk Poland
| | - Wojciech Kamysz
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry; Medical University of Gdańsk; Al. Hallera 107 80-416 Gdańsk Poland
- R&D Laboratory; Lipopharm.pl; Koscielna 16A 83-210 Zblewo Poland
| | - Piotr Trzonkowski
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Transplantology; Medical University of Gdańsk; Debinki 7 80-211 Gdańsk Poland
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15
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Xu X, Lai R. The chemistry and biological activities of peptides from amphibian skin secretions. Chem Rev 2015; 115:1760-846. [PMID: 25594509 DOI: 10.1021/cr4006704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 235] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xueqing Xu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology , Kunming 650223, Yunnan, China
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16
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Praporski S, Mechler A, Separovic F, Martin LL. Subtle Differences in Initial Membrane Interactions Underpin the Selectivity of Small Antimicrobial Peptides. Chempluschem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201402318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Slavica Praporski
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800 (Australia)
- Current address: Heart Research, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Parkville, VIC 3052 (Australia)
| | - Adam Mechler
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800 (Australia)
- Current address: School of Molecular Sciences, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086 (Australia)
| | - Frances Separovic
- School of Chemistry, Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010 (Australia)
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17
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Calabrese AN, Markulic K, Musgrave IF, Guo H, Zhang L, Bowie JH. Structural and activity changes in three bioactive anuran peptides when Asp is replaced by isoAsp. Peptides 2012; 38:427-36. [PMID: 23069634 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2012.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2012] [Revised: 10/04/2012] [Accepted: 10/04/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The Asp and isoAsp isomers of three bioactive peptides, Crinia angiotensin 11 [APGDRIYHPF(OH)], uperin 1.1 [pEADPNAFYGLM(NH(2))] and citropin 1.1 [GLFDVIKKVASVIGGL(NH(2))] were tested for changes in (i) susceptibility towards proteolytic cleavage, (ii) activity (smooth muscle activity for Crinia angiotensin 11 and uperin 1.1 isomers, and antimicrobial activity for the two isomers of citropin 1.1), and (iii) 3D structures in water, trifluoroethanol-d(3)/water (1:1) and DPC micelles as determined by 2D nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Proteolytic cleavage with trypsin was identical for each pair of Asp/isoAsp isomers. Cleavage with chymotrypsin was the same for the Crinia angiotensin and uperin 1.1 isomeric pairs, but different for the two Asp/isoAsp citropin 1.1 isomers. Chymotrypsin cleaved at Phe3 (adjacent to Asp4) for citropin 1.1, but not at Phe3 (adjacent to isoAsp4) for isoAsp citropin 1.1. The smooth muscle activity of the isoAsp isomer of Crinia angiotensin 11 was less than that of the Asp isomer. The smooth muscle activity of isoAsp3-uperin 1.1 is greater than that of the Asp isomer at low concentration (<10(-9)M) but no different from the Asp isomer at concentrations>10(-9) M. Citropin 1.1 is a wide-spectrum antibiotic against Gram positive organisms, while the isoAsp isomer is inactive against the test pathogens Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis. The observed changes in activity are accompanied by changes in the 3D structures of isomers as determined by 2D nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio N Calabrese
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Physics, The University of Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
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18
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Bowie JH, Separovic F, Tyler MJ. Host-defense peptides of Australian anurans. Part 2. Structure, activity, mechanism of action, and evolutionary significance. Peptides 2012; 37:174-88. [PMID: 22771617 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2012.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2012] [Revised: 06/26/2012] [Accepted: 06/26/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
A previous review summarized research prior to 2004 carried out on the bioactive host-defense peptides contained in the skin secretions of Australian anurans (frogs and toads). This review covers the extension of that research from 2004 to 2012, and includes membrane-active peptides (including antibacterial, anticancer, antifungal and antiviral peptides) together with the mechanisms by which these peptides interact with model membranes, peptides that may be classified as "neuropeptides" (including smooth muscle active peptides, opioids and immunomodulators) and peptides which inhibit the formation of nitric oxide from neuronal nitric oxide synthase. The review discusses the outcome of cDNA sequencing of signal-spacer-active peptides from an evolutionary viewpoint, and also lists those peptides for which activities have not been found to this time.
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Affiliation(s)
- John H Bowie
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Physics, The University of Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia.
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19
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Chia CSB, Gong Y, Bowie JH, Zuegg J, Cooper MA. Membrane binding and perturbation studies of the antimicrobial peptides caerin, citropin, and maculatin. Biopolymers 2011; 96:147-57. [PMID: 20564028 DOI: 10.1002/bip.21438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Citropin 1.1, maculatin 1.1, and caerin 1.1 are short antibacterial cationic peptides from the skin glands of the Australian tree frog Litoria species. Several analogues have been synthesized to give a better insight into the relationship between the structure of the peptides and their antibacterial and haemolytic activity. Binding studies using a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensor together with a vesicle-capture sensor chip have been used to investigate selectivity of the peptides and their analogues for 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoglycerol (DMPG) and 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DMPC) vesicles, as well as for vesicles made from lipid extracts from Escherichia coli and bovine brain. Data obtained for membrane selectivity using natural lipid extracts show better correlation with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values against Gram-positive bacteria and haemolytic activity than that obtained using synthetic DMPG and DMPC. Electron microscopy and membrane leakage studies using Gram-positive bacteria gave further insight into the membrane disruption properties of the peptides. For maculatin 1.1, it was found that the central proline residue, which is responsible for a bend in the alpha-helical structure, is essential not only for the antibacterial activity but also for binding, and perturbation of membranes. The caerin analogues showed only small variations in their MIC values and membrane binding. In contrast, for citropin 1.1, the analogue replacing the aspartate with a lysine showed the lowest MIC against Gram-positive bacteria and best membrane binding to E. coli lipid extracts, coinciding with an increased hydrophobic moment of the peptide. These data give further insight into these antimicrobial natural products, toward the development and evaluation of these and other analogues as potential antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- C S Brian Chia
- Experimental Therapeutics Centre, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, 31 Biopolis Way, #03-01 Nanos, 138669, Singapore
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