1
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Amaya-Espinosa H, Alexander-Katz A, Aponte-Santamaría C. The interplay between adsorption and aggregation of von Willebrand factor chains in shear flows. Biophys J 2023; 122:3831-3842. [PMID: 37537863 PMCID: PMC10560680 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2023.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Von Willebrand factor (VWF) is a giant extracellular glycoprotein that carries out a key adhesive function during primary hemostasis. Upon vascular injury and triggered by the shear of flowing blood, VWF establishes specific interactions with several molecular partners in order to anchor platelets to collagen on the exposed subendothelial surface. VWF also interacts with itself to form aggregates that, adsorbed on the surface, provide more anchor sites for the platelets. However, the interplay between elongation and subsequent exposure of cryptic binding sites, self-association, and adsorption on the surface remained unclear for VWF. In particular, the role of shear flow in these three processes is not well understood. In this study, we address these questions by using Brownian dynamics simulations at a coarse-grained level of resolution. We considered a system consisting of multiple VWF-like self-interacting chains that also interact with a surface under a shear flow. By a systematic analysis, we reveal that chain-chain and chain-surface interactions coexist nontrivially to modulate the spontaneous adsorption of VWF and the posterior immobilization of secondary tethered chains. Accordingly, these interactions tune VWF's extension and its propensity to form shear-assisted functional adsorbed aggregates. Our data highlight the collective behavior VWF self-interacting chains have when bound to the surface, distinct from that of isolated or flowing chains. Furthermore, we show that the extension and the exposure to solvent have a similar dependence on shear flow, at a VWF-monomer level of resolution. Overall, our results highlight the complex interplay that exists between adsorption, cohesion, and shear forces and their relevance for the adhesive hemostatic function of VWF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helman Amaya-Espinosa
- Max Planck Tandem Group in Computational Biophysics, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Alfredo Alexander-Katz
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Camilo Aponte-Santamaría
- Max Planck Tandem Group in Computational Biophysics, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia; Molecular Biomechanics Group, Heidelberg Institute for Theoretical Studies, Heidelberg, Germany.
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2
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Belyaev AV, Fedotova IV. Molecular mechanisms of catch bonds and their implications for platelet hemostasis. Biophys Rev 2023; 15:1233-1256. [PMID: 37974999 PMCID: PMC10643804 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-023-01144-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Adhesive molecular bonds between blood cells are essential for thrombosis and hemostasis as they provide means for platelet adhesion, aggregation, and signaling in flowing blood. According to the nowadays conventional definition, a "catch" bond is a type of non-covalent bio-molecular bridge, whose dissociation lifetime counter-intuitively increases with applied tensile force. Following recent experimental findings, such receptor-ligand protein bonds are vital to the blood cells involved in the prevention of bleeding (hemostatic response) and infection (immunity). In this review, we examine the up-to-date experimental discoveries and theoretical insights about catch bonds between the blood cells, their biomechanical principles at the molecular level, and their role in platelet thrombosis and hemostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksey V. Belyaev
- Faculty of Physics, M.V.Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1, Leninskiye Gory, build.2, Moscow, 119991 Russia
| | - Irina V. Fedotova
- Faculty of Physics, M.V.Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1, Leninskiye Gory, build.2, Moscow, 119991 Russia
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3
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Tischer A, Moon-Tasson L, Auton M. Removal of the vicinal disulfide enhances the platelet-capturing function of von Willebrand factor. Blood 2023; 141:1469-1473. [PMID: 36603190 PMCID: PMC10082372 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2022018803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A redox autoinhibitory mechanism has previously been proposed, in which the reduced state of the vicinal disulfide bond in the von Willebrand factor (VWF) A2 domain allows A2 to bind to A1 and inhibit platelet adhesion to the A1 domain. The VWF A1A2A3 tridomain was expressed with and without the vicinal disulfide in A2 (C1669S/C1670S) via the atomic replacement of sulfur for oxygen to test the relevance of the vicinal disulfide to the physiological platelet function of VWF under shear flow. A comparative study of the shear-dependent platelet translocation dynamics on these tridomain variants reveals that the reduction of the vicinal disulfide moderately increases the platelet-capturing function of A1, an observation counter to the proposed hypothesis. Surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy confirms that C1669S/C1670S slightly increases the affinity of A1A2A3 binding to glycoprotein Ibα (GPIbα). Differential scanning calorimetry and hydrogen-deuterium exchange mass spectrometry demonstrate that reduction of the vicinal disulfide destabilizes the A2 domain, which consequently disrupts interactions between the A1, A2, and A3 domains and enhances the conformational dynamics of A1-domain secondary structures known to regulate the strength of platelet adhesion to VWF. This study clarifies that the reduced state of the A2 vicinal disulfide is not inhibitory but rather slightly activating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Tischer
- Division of Hematology, Departments of Internal Medicine and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Laurie Moon-Tasson
- Division of Hematology, Departments of Internal Medicine and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Matthew Auton
- Division of Hematology, Departments of Internal Medicine and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
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4
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Sandoval‐Pérez A, Mejía‐Restrepo V, Aponte‐Santamaría C. Thermodynamic stabilization of von Willebrand factor
A1
domain induces protein loss of function. Proteins 2022; 90:2058-2066. [DOI: 10.1002/prot.26397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Angélica Sandoval‐Pérez
- Max Planck Tandem Group in Computational Biophysics Universidad de Los Andes Bogotá Colombia
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5
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Stirnemann G. Recent Advances and Emerging Challenges in the Molecular Modeling of Mechanobiological Processes. J Phys Chem B 2022; 126:1365-1374. [PMID: 35143190 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c10715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Many biological processes result from the effect of mechanical forces on macromolecular structures and on their interactions. In particular, the cell shape, motion, and differentiation directly depend on mechanical stimuli from the extracellular matrix or from neighboring cells. The development of experimental techniques that can measure and characterize the tiny forces acting at the cellular scale and down to the single-molecule, biomolecular level has enabled access to unprecedented details about the involved mechanisms. However, because the experimental observables often do not provide a direct atomistic picture of the corresponding phenomena, particle-based simulations performed at various scales are instrumental in complementing these experiments and in providing a molecular interpretation. Here, we will review the recent key achievements in the field, and we will highlight and discuss the many technical challenges these simulations are facing, as well as suggest future directions for improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Stirnemann
- CNRS Laboratoire de Biochimie Théorique, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, PSL University, Université de Paris, 13 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75005 Paris, France
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6
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Zhao YC, Wang H, Wang Y, Lou J, Ju LA. The N-terminal autoinhibitory module of the A1 domain in von Willebrand factor stabilizes the mechanosensor catch bond. RSC Chem Biol 2022; 3:707-720. [PMID: 35755187 PMCID: PMC9175105 DOI: 10.1039/d2cb00010e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The N-AIM of VWF-A1 forms a Rotini-like structure, therefore partially autoinhibit VWF-A1–GPIbα interaction. The N-AIM acts as a defending sword to protect and stabilize the VWF-A1 structure under harsh environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunduo Charles Zhao
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Sydney, Darlington, NSW 2008, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Haoqing Wang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Sydney, Darlington, NSW 2008, Australia
- Heart Research Institute, Newtown, NSW 2042, Australia
| | - Yao Wang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Sydney, Darlington, NSW 2008, Australia
- Cellular and Genetic Medicine Unit, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Jizhong Lou
- Key Laboratory of RNA Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Lining Arnold Ju
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Sydney, Darlington, NSW 2008, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia
- Heart Research Institute, Newtown, NSW 2042, Australia
- The University of Sydney Nano Institute (Sydney Nano), The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia
- Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
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7
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Li Q, Apostolidou D, Marszalek PE. Reconstruction of mechanical unfolding and refolding pathways of proteins with atomic force spectroscopy and computer simulations. Methods 2021; 197:39-53. [PMID: 34020035 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2021.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Most proteins in proteomes are large, typically consist of more than one domain and are structurally complex. This often makes studying their mechanical unfolding pathways challenging. Proteins composed of tandem repeat domains are a subgroup of multi-domain proteins that, when stretched, display a saw-tooth pattern in their mechanical unfolding force extension profiles due to their repetitive structure. However, the assignment of force peaks to specific repeats undergoing mechanical unraveling is complicated because all repeats are similar and they interact with their neighbors and form a contiguous tertiary structure. Here, we describe in detail a combination of experimental and computational single-molecule force spectroscopy methods that proved useful for examining the mechanical unfolding and refolding pathways of ankyrin repeat proteins. Specifically, we explain and delineate the use of atomic force microscope-based single molecule force spectroscopy (SMFS) to record the mechanical unfolding behavior of ankyrin repeat proteins and capture their unusually strong refolding propensity that is responsible for generating impressive refolding force peaks. We also describe Coarse Grain Steered Molecular Dynamic (CG-SMD) simulations which complement the experimental observations and provide insights in understanding the unfolding and refolding of these proteins. In addition, we advocate the use of novel coiled-coils-based mechanical polypeptide probes which we developed to demonstrate the vectorial character of folding and refolding of these repeat proteins. The combination of AFM-based SMFS on native and CC-equipped proteins with CG-SMD simulations is powerful not only for ankyrin repeat polypeptides, but also for other repeat proteins and more generally to various multidomain, non-repetitive proteins with complex topologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, 27708 Durham, NC, United States
| | - Dimitra Apostolidou
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, 27708 Durham, NC, United States
| | - Piotr E Marszalek
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, 27708 Durham, NC, United States.
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8
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Arce NA, Cao W, Brown AK, Legan ER, Wilson MS, Xu ER, Berndt MC, Emsley J, Zhang XF, Li R. Activation of von Willebrand factor via mechanical unfolding of its discontinuous autoinhibitory module. Nat Commun 2021; 12:2360. [PMID: 33883551 PMCID: PMC8060278 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22634-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Von Willebrand factor (VWF) activates in response to shear flow to initiate hemostasis, while aberrant activation could lead to thrombosis. Above a critical shear force, the A1 domain of VWF becomes activated and captures platelets via the GPIb-IX complex. Here we show that the shear-responsive element controlling VWF activation resides in the discontinuous autoinhibitory module (AIM) flanking A1. Application of tensile force in a single-molecule setting induces cooperative unfolding of the AIM to expose A1. The AIM-unfolding force is lowered by truncating either N- or C-terminal AIM region, type 2B VWD mutations, or binding of a ristocetin-mimicking monoclonal antibody, all of which could activate A1. Furthermore, the AIM is mechanically stabilized by the nanobody that comprises caplacizumab, the only FDA-approved anti-thrombotic drug to-date that targets VWF. Thus, the AIM is a mechano-regulator of VWF activity. Its conformational dynamics may define the extent of VWF autoinhibition and subsequent activation under force. Von Willebrand factor (VWF) is a large glycoprotein in the blood secreted from endothelial cells lining the blood vessel and activation of VWF leads to formation of VWF-platelet complexes or thrombi. Here authors use single-molecule force measurement, X-ray crystallography and functional measurements to monitor the activation of VWF via mechanical unfolding of the autoinhibitory module (AIM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas A Arce
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Wenpeng Cao
- Department of Bioengineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering & Mechanics, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, USA
| | - Alexander K Brown
- Biodiscovery Institute, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Emily R Legan
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Moriah S Wilson
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Emma-Ruoqi Xu
- Biodiscovery Institute, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Michael C Berndt
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Jonas Emsley
- Biodiscovery Institute, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - X Frank Zhang
- Department of Bioengineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering & Mechanics, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, USA.
| | - Renhao Li
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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9
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Kania S, Oztekin A, Cheng X, Zhang XF, Webb E. Predicting pathological von Willebrand factor unraveling in elongational flow. Biophys J 2021; 120:1903-1915. [PMID: 33737157 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2021.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The globular-to-unraveled conformation transition of von Willebrand factor (vWF), a large polymeric glycoprotein in human blood plasma, is a crucial step in the process of clotting at sites of vascular injury. However, unraveling of vWF multimers in uninjured vasculature can lead to pathology (i.e., thrombus formation or degradation of vWF proteins by enzyme ADAMTS13, making them nonfunctional). To identify blood flow conditions that might induce pathological unraveling of vWF multimers, here we have computed the globular-to-unraveled transition rate of vWF multimers subjected to varying strain rate elongational flow by employing an enhanced sampling technique, the weighted ensemble method. Weighted ensemble sampling was employed instead of standard brute-force simulations because pathological blood flow conditions can induce undesired vWF unraveling on timescales potentially inaccessible to standard simulation methods. Results here indicate that brief but periodic exposure of vWF to the elongational flow of strain rate greater than or equal to 2500 s-1 represents a source of possible pathology caused by the undesired unraveling of vWF multimers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sagar Kania
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania
| | - Alparslan Oztekin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania
| | - Xuanhong Cheng
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania; Department of Bioengineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania
| | - X Frank Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania; Department of Bioengineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania
| | - Edmund Webb
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania.
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10
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Belyaev AV. Intradimer forces and their implication for conformations of von Willebrand factor multimers. Biophys J 2021; 120:899-911. [PMID: 33524374 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2021.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The largest blood glycoprotein von Willebrand factor (VWF) responds to hydrodynamic stresses in the bloodstream with abrupt conformation changes, thus increasing its adhesivity to platelets and collagen. Arterial and microvascular hemostasis relies on mechanical and physicochemical properties of this macromolecule. Recently, it was discovered that the mechanical properties of VWF are controlled by multiple pH-dependent interactions with opposite trends within dimeric subunits. In this work, computer simulations reveal the effect of these intradimer forces on the conformation of VWF multimers in various hydrodynamic conditions. A coarse-grained computer model of VWF has been proposed and parameterized to give a good agreement with experimental data. The simulations suggest that strong attraction between VWF D4 domains increases the resistance to elongation under shear stress, whereas even intermediate attraction between VWF C domains contributes to VWF compaction in nonsheared fluid. It is hypothesized that the detailed subdimer dynamics of VWF concatamers may be one of the biophysical regulators of initial hemostasis and arterial thrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksey V Belyaev
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of Physics, Moscow, Russia; IRC Mathematical modelling in Biomedicine, S.M. Nikolskii Mathematical Institute, RUDN University, Moscow, Russia.
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11
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Sandoval-Pérez A, Berger RML, Garaizar A, Farr SE, Brehm MA, König G, Schneider SW, Collepardo-Guevara R, Huck V, Rädler JO, Aponte-Santamaría C. DNA binds to a specific site of the adhesive blood-protein von Willebrand factor guided by electrostatic interactions. Nucleic Acids Res 2020; 48:7333-7344. [PMID: 32496552 PMCID: PMC7367192 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkaa466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils release their intracellular content, DNA included, into the bloodstream to form neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) that confine and kill circulating pathogens. The mechanosensitive adhesive blood protein, von Willebrand Factor (vWF), interacts with the extracellular DNA of NETs to potentially immobilize them during inflammatory and coagulatory conditions. Here, we elucidate the previously unknown molecular mechanism governing the DNA–vWF interaction by integrating atomistic, coarse-grained, and Brownian dynamics simulations, with thermophoresis, gel electrophoresis, fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS), and microfluidic experiments. We demonstrate that, independently of its nucleotide sequence, double-stranded DNA binds to a specific helix of the vWF A1 domain, via three arginines. This interaction is attenuated by increasing the ionic strength. Our FCS and microfluidic measurements also highlight the key role shear-stress has in enabling this interaction. Our simulations attribute the previously-observed platelet-recruitment reduction and heparin-size modulation, upon establishment of DNA–vWF interactions, to indirect steric hindrance and partial overlap of the binding sites, respectively. Overall, we suggest electrostatics—guiding DNA to a specific protein binding site—as the main driving force defining DNA–vWF recognition. The molecular picture of a key shear-mediated DNA–protein interaction is provided here and it constitutes the basis for understanding NETs-mediated immune and hemostatic responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angélica Sandoval-Pérez
- Max Planck Tandem Group in Computational Biophysics, University of Los Andes, Cra. 1, 18A-12, 111711, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Ricarda M L Berger
- Faculty of Physics and Center for NanoScience, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Geschwister-Scholl-Platz 1, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Adiran Garaizar
- Maxwell Centre, Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, J J Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Stephen E Farr
- Maxwell Centre, Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, J J Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Maria A Brehm
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Gesa König
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stefan W Schneider
- Department of Dermatology, Center for Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Rosana Collepardo-Guevara
- Maxwell Centre, Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, J J Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK.,Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EH, UK.,Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Volker Huck
- Department of Dermatology, Center for Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Joachim O Rädler
- Faculty of Physics and Center for NanoScience, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Geschwister-Scholl-Platz 1, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Camilo Aponte-Santamaría
- Max Planck Tandem Group in Computational Biophysics, University of Los Andes, Cra. 1, 18A-12, 111711, Bogotá, Colombia.,Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 205, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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12
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Dong C, Kania S, Morabito M, Zhang XF, Im W, Oztekin A, Cheng X, Webb EB. A mechano-reactive coarse-grained model of the blood-clotting agent von Willebrand factor. J Chem Phys 2019; 151:124905. [PMID: 31575216 DOI: 10.1063/1.5117154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The von Willebrand Factor (vWF) is a large blood glycoprotein that aids in hemostasis. Within each vWF monomer, the A2 domain hosts a cleavage site for enzyme ADAMTS13, which regulates the size of vWF multimers. This cleavage site can only be exposed when an A2 domain unfolds, and the unfolding reaction energy landscape is highly sensitive to the force conditions on the domain. Based on previous optical tweezer experimental results, we advance here a new activated A2 monomer model (AA2MM) for coarse-grained modeling of vWF that accurately represents the force-based probabilistic change between the unfolded/refolded states. A system of springs is employed to mimic the complex mechanical response of vWF monomers subject to pulling forces. AA2MM was validated by comparing monomer scale simulation results to data from prior pulling experiments on vWF monomer fragments. The model was further validated by comparing multimer scale Brownian dynamics simulation results to experiments using microfluidic chamber microscopy to visualize tethered vWF proteins subject to flow. The A2 domain unfolding reaction was studied in bulk flow simulations (pure shear and elongation flow), giving evidence that elongational flow drives the vWF size regulation process in blood. The mechanoreactive, coarse-grained AA2MM accurately describes the complex mechanical coupling between human blood flow conditions and vWF protein reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuqiao Dong
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, USA
| | - Sagar Kania
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, USA
| | - Michael Morabito
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, USA
| | - X Frank Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, USA
| | - Wonpil Im
- Department of Bioengineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, USA
| | - Alparslan Oztekin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, USA
| | - Xuanhong Cheng
- Department of Bioengineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, USA
| | - Edmund B Webb
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, USA
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13
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Wei W, Dong C, Morabito M, Cheng X, Zhang XF, Webb EB, Oztekin A. Coarse-Grain Modeling of Shear-Induced Binding between von Willebrand Factor and Collagen. Biophys J 2019; 114:1816-1829. [PMID: 29694861 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2018.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Revised: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Von Willebrand factor (VWF) is a large multimeric protein that aids in blood clotting. Near injury sites, hydrodynamic force from increased blood flow elongates VWF, exposing binding sites for platelets and collagen. To investigate VWF binding to collagen that is exposed on injured arterial surfaces, Brownian dynamics simulations are performed with a coarse-grain molecular model. Accounting for hydrodynamic interactions in the presence of a stationary surface, shear flow conditions are modeled. Binding between beads in coarse-grain VWF and collagen sites on the surface is described via reversible ligand-receptor-type bond formation, which is governed via Bell model kinetics. For conditions in which binding is energetically favored, the model predicts a high probability for binding at low shear conditions; this is counter to experimental observations but in agreement with what prior modeling studies have revealed. To address this discrepancy, an additional binding criterion that depends on the conformation of a submonomer feature in the model local to a given VWF binding site is implemented. The modified model predicts shear-induced binding, in very good agreement with experimental observations; this is true even for conditions in which binding is significantly favored energetically. Biological implications of the model modification are discussed in terms of mechanisms of VWF activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wei
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics
| | - Chuqiao Dong
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics
| | | | - Xuanhong Cheng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania; Department of Bioengineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania
| | - X Frank Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics; Department of Bioengineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania
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14
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Cirrincione S, Neumann B, Zühlke D, Riedel K, Pessione E. Detailed Soluble Proteome Analyses of a Dairy-Isolated Enterococcus faecalis: A Possible Approach to Assess Food Safety and Potential Probiotic Value. Front Nutr 2019; 6:71. [PMID: 31157229 PMCID: PMC6533484 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2019.00071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Enterococci are common inhabitants of the gastrointestinal tracts of humans and animals and thanks to their capability to tolerate different environmental conditions and their high rates of gene transfer, they are able to colonize various ecological niches, as food matrices. Enterococcus faecalis bacteria are defined as controversial microorganisms. From one side they are used as food starters, bio-control agents and probiotics to improve human or animal health. From the other side, in the last two decades enterococci have emerged as important nosocomial pathogens, because bearing high-level of resistance to antibiotics and several putative virulence factors. In this study, the soluble proteome quantitation data (LC-MS/MS) of the food-isolated strain E. faecalis D27 (dairy-isolate) was compared with the soluble proteome quantitation data of the pathogenic E. faecalis UW3114 (urinary tract infection isolate) and with the one of the health promoting strain E. faecalis Symbioflor1, respectively. The comparison of cytosolic protein expression profiles highlighted statistically significant changes in the abundance of proteins mainly involved in specific metabolic pathways, nutrient transport, stress response, and cell wall modulation. Moreover, especially in the dairy isolate and the clinical isolate, several proteins with potential pathogenic implications were found, such as serine proteases, von Willebrand factor, serine hydrolase with beta lactamase activity, efflux transporter, and proteins involved in horizontal gene transfer. The analysis of the extracellular proteome provided interesting results concerning proteins involved in bacterial communication, such as pheromones and conjugative elements and also proteins able to interact with human components. The phenotypic characterization evaluating (i) biofilm formation (ii) hemolytic activity on blood agar plates (iii) protease activity (iv) gelatinase (v) antibiotic resistance pattern, enabled us to elucidate the risks associated with the poor characterized foodborne E. faecalis D27.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Cirrincione
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, Univerity of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Bernd Neumann
- Department for Microbial Physiology and Molecular Biology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Daniela Zühlke
- Department for Microbial Physiology and Molecular Biology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Katharina Riedel
- Department for Microbial Physiology and Molecular Biology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Enrica Pessione
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, Univerity of Torino, Turin, Italy
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15
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Jagau H, Behrens IK, Lahme K, Lorz G, Köster RW, Schneppenheim R, Obser T, Brehm MA, König G, Kohler TP, Rohde M, Frank R, Tegge W, Fulde M, Hammerschmidt S, Steinert M, Bergmann S. Von Willebrand Factor Mediates Pneumococcal Aggregation and Adhesion in Blood Flow. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:511. [PMID: 30972039 PMCID: PMC6443961 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus pneumoniae is a major cause of community acquired pneumonia and septicaemia in humans. These diseases are frequently associated with thromboembolic cardiovascular complications. Pneumococci induce the exocytosis of endothelial Weibel-Palade Bodies and thereby actively stimulate the release of von Willebrand factor (VWF), which is an essential glycoprotein of the vascular hemostasis. Both, the pneumococcus induced pulmonary inflammation and the thromboembolytic complications are characterized by a dysbalanced hemostasis including a marked increase in VWF plasma concentrations. Here, we describe for the first time VWF as a novel interaction partner of capsulated and non-encapsulated pneumococci. Moreover, cell culture infection analyses with primary endothelial cells characterized VWF as bridging molecule that mediates bacterial adherence to endothelial cells in a heparin-sensitive manner. Due to the mechanoresponsive changes of the VWF protein conformation and multimerization status, which occur in the blood stream, we used a microfluidic pump system to generate shear flow-induced multimeric VWF strings on endothelial cell surfaces and analyzed attachment of RFP-expressing pneumococci in flow. By applying immunofluorescence visualization and additional electron microscopy, we detected a frequent and enduring bacterial attachment to the VWF strings. Bacterial attachment to the endothelium was confirmed in vivo using a zebrafish infection model, which is described in many reports and acknowledged as suitable model to study hemostasis mechanisms and protein interactions of coagulation factors. Notably, we visualized the recruitment of zebrafish-derived VWF to the surface of pneumococci circulating in the blood stream and detected a VWF-dependent formation of bacterial aggregates within the vasculature of infected zebrafish larvae. Furthermore, we identified the surface-exposed bacterial enolase as pneumococcal VWF binding protein, which interacts with the VWF domain A1 and determined the binding kinetics by surface plasmon resonance. Subsequent epitope mapping using an enolase peptide array indicates that the peptide 181YGAEIFHALKKILKS195 might serve as a possible core sequence of the VWF interaction site. In conclusion, we describe a VWF-mediated mechanism for pneumococcal anchoring within the bloodstream via surface-displayed enolase, which promotes intravascular bacterial aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilger Jagau
- Institute of Microbiology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Ina-Kristin Behrens
- Institute of Microbiology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Karen Lahme
- Institute of Microbiology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Georgina Lorz
- Institute of Microbiology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Reinhard W Köster
- Zoological Institute, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Reinhard Schneppenheim
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE Hamburg), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Obser
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE Hamburg), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Maria A Brehm
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE Hamburg), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Gesa König
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE Hamburg), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thomas P Kohler
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Infection Biology, Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, Universität Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Manfred Rohde
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Central Facility for Microscopy, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Ronald Frank
- Department of Chemical Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Werner Tegge
- Department of Chemical Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Marcus Fulde
- Centre for Infection Medicine, Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sven Hammerschmidt
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Infection Biology, Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, Universität Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Michael Steinert
- Institute of Microbiology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany.,Department of Molecular Infection Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Simone Bergmann
- Institute of Microbiology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
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16
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Jiang Y, Fu H, Springer TA, Wong WP. Electrostatic Steering Enables Flow-Activated Von Willebrand Factor to Bind Platelet Glycoprotein, Revealed by Single-Molecule Stretching and Imaging. J Mol Biol 2019; 431:1380-1396. [PMID: 30797858 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2019.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Von Willebrand factor (VWF), a large multimeric blood protein, senses changes in shear stress during bleeding and responds by binding platelets to plug ruptures in the vessel wall. Molecular mechanisms underlying this dynamic process are difficult to uncover using standard approaches due to the challenge of applying mechanical forces while monitoring structure and activity. By combining single-molecule fluorescence imaging with high-pressure, rapidly switching microfluidics, we reveal the key role of electrostatic steering in accelerating the binding between flow-activated VWF and GPIbα, and in rapidly immobilizing platelets under flow. We measure the elongation and tension-dependent activation of individual VWF multimers under a range of ionic strengths and pH levels, and find that the association rate is enhanced by 4 orders of magnitude by electrostatic steering. Under supraphysiologic salt concentrations, strong electrostatic screening dramatically decreases platelet binding to VWF in flow, revealing the critical role of electrostatic attraction in VWF-platelet binding during bleeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Jiang
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Hongxia Fu
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Division of Hematology, Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Timothy A Springer
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Wesley P Wong
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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17
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Ebner A, Wildling L, Gruber HJ. Functionalization of AFM Tips and Supports for Molecular Recognition Force Spectroscopy and Recognition Imaging. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 1886:117-151. [PMID: 30374865 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-8894-5_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Linking of sensor molecules (e.g., antibodies) to an AFM tip converts it into a biosensor by which single target molecules (e.g., antigens) can be detected and localized on the sample surface. Moreover, the mechanism of interaction can be studied by force spectroscopy if purified target molecules are linked to an ultra-flat surface, such as mica or silicon (nitride). Rapid imaging of the binding sites and force spectroscopy studies are greatly facilitated if 6-10 nm long polyethylene glycol (PEG) chains are used as flexible tethers between the sensor molecule and the tip. Here, we describe a set of methods by which a variety of proteins, oligonucleotides, or small molecules can be tethered to silicon (nitride) tips or to mica. Methods are included which afford site-specific and oriented coupling of the sensor molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ebner
- Institute of Biophysics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Linz, Austria
| | - L Wildling
- Institute of Biophysics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Linz, Austria
| | - H J Gruber
- Institute of Biophysics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Linz, Austria.
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18
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Dong C, Lee J, Kim S, Lai W, Webb EB, Oztekin A, Zhang XF, Im W. Long-ranged Protein-glycan Interactions Stabilize von Willebrand Factor A2 Domain from Mechanical Unfolding. Sci Rep 2018; 8:16017. [PMID: 30375453 PMCID: PMC6207679 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-34374-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
von Willebrand Factor (vWF) is a large multimeric protein that binds to platelets and collagen in blood clotting. vWF A2 domain hosts a proteolytic site for ADAMTS13 (A Disintegrin and Metalloprotease with a ThromboSpondin type 1 motif, member 13) to regulate the size of vWF multimers. This regulation process is highly sensitive to force conditions and protein-glycan interactions as the process occurs in flowing blood. There are two sites on A2 domain (N1515 and N1574) bearing various N-linked glycan structures. In this study, we used molecular dynamics (MD) simulation to study the force-induced unfolding of A2 domain with and without a single N-linked glycan type on each site. The sequential pullout of β-strands was used to represent a characteristic unfolding sequence of A2. This unfolding sequence varied due to protein-glycan interactions. The force-extension and total energy-extension profiles also show differences in magnitude but similar characteristic shapes between the systems with and without glycans. Systems with N-linked glycans encountered higher energy barriers for full unfolding and even for unfolding up to the point of ADAMTS13 cleavage site exposure. Interestingly, there is not much difference observed for A2 domain structure itself with and without glycans from standard MD simulations, suggesting roles of N-glycans in A2 unfolding through long-ranged protein-glycan interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuqiao Dong
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, 18015, United States
| | - Jumin Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, 18015, United States
| | - Seonghoon Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, 18015, United States
| | - Whitney Lai
- Department of Bioengineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, 18015, United States
| | - Edmund B Webb
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, 18015, United States
| | - Alparslan Oztekin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, 18015, United States
| | - X Frank Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, 18015, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, 18015, United States
| | - Wonpil Im
- Department of Biological Sciences, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, 18015, United States.
- Department of Bioengineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, 18015, United States.
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19
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Morabito M, Dong C, Wei W, Cheng X, Zhang XF, Oztekin A, Webb E. Internal Tensile Force and A2 Domain Unfolding of von Willebrand Factor Multimers in Shear Flow. Biophys J 2018; 115:1860-1871. [PMID: 30287111 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2018.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Revised: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Using Brownian molecular dynamics simulations, we examine the internal dynamics and biomechanical response of von Willebrand factor (vWF) multimers subject to shear flow. The coarse grain multimer description employed here is based on a monomer model in which the A2 domain of vWF is explicitly represented by a nonlinear elastic spring whose mechanical response was fit to experimental force/extension data from vWF monomers. This permits examination of the dynamic behavior of hydrodynamic forces acting on A2 domains as a function of shear rate and multimer length, as well as position of an A2 domain along the multimer contour. Force/position data reveal that collapsed multimers exhibit a force distribution with two peaks, one near each end of the chain; unraveled multimers, however, show a single peak in A2 domain force near the center of multimers. Guided further by experimental data, significant excursions of force acting on a domain are associated with an increasing probability for A2 domain unfolding. Our results suggest that the threshold shear rate required to induce A2 domain unfolding is inversely proportional to multimer length. By examining data for the duration and location of significant force excursions, convincing evidence is advanced that unfolding of A2 domains, and therefore scission of vWF multimers by the size-regulating blood enzyme ADAMTS13, happen preferentially near the center of unraveled multimers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Morabito
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania
| | - Chuqiao Dong
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania
| | - Wei Wei
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania
| | - Xuanhong Cheng
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania
| | - Xiaohui F Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania
| | - Alparslan Oztekin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania
| | - Edmund Webb
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania.
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20
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Special issue: Biomolecular forces. J Struct Biol 2018; 197:1-2. [PMID: 28061956 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2016.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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21
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Schwarzl R, Netz RR. Hydrodynamic Shear Effects on Grafted and Non-Grafted Collapsed Polymers. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:E926. [PMID: 30960851 PMCID: PMC6403890 DOI: 10.3390/polym10080926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We study collapsed homo-polymeric molecules under linear shear flow conditions using hydrodynamic Brownian dynamics simulations. Tensile force profiles and the shear-rate-dependent globular-coil transition for grafted and non-grafted chains are investigated to shine light on the different unfolding mechanisms. The scaling of the critical shear rate, at which the globular-coil transition takes place, with the monomer number is inverse for the grafted and non-grafted scenarios. This implicates that for the grafted scenario, larger chains have a decreased critical shear rate, while for the non-grafted scenario higher shear rates are needed in order to unfold larger chains. Protrusions govern the unfolding transition of non-grafted polymers, while for grafted polymers, the maximal tension appears at the grafted end.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Schwarzl
- Department of Physics, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Roland R Netz
- Department of Physics, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
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22
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Posch S, Obser T, König G, Schneppenheim R, Tampé R, Hinterdorfer P. Interaction of von Willebrand factor domains with collagen investigated by single molecule force spectroscopy. J Chem Phys 2018; 148:123310. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5007313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Posch
- Institute of Biophysics, Johannes Kepler University, Linz, Austria
| | - Tobias Obser
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Gesa König
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Reinhard Schneppenheim
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Robert Tampé
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biocenter, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
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23
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Butera D, Passam F, Ju L, Cook KM, Woon H, Aponte-Santamaría C, Gardiner E, Davis AK, Murphy DA, Bronowska A, Luken BM, Baldauf C, Jackson S, Andrews R, Gräter F, Hogg PJ. Autoregulation of von Willebrand factor function by a disulfide bond switch. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2018; 4:eaaq1477. [PMID: 29507883 PMCID: PMC5834005 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aaq1477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Force-dependent binding of platelet glycoprotein Ib (GPIb) receptors to plasma von Willebrand factor (VWF) plays a key role in hemostasis and thrombosis. Previous studies have suggested that VWF activation requires force-induced exposure of the GPIb binding site in the A1 domain that is autoinhibited by the neighboring A2 domain. However, the biochemical basis of this "mechanopresentation" remains elusive. From a combination of protein chemical, biophysical, and functional studies, we find that the autoinhibition is controlled by the redox state of an unusual disulfide bond near the carboxyl terminus of the A2 domain that links adjacent cysteine residues to form an eight-membered ring. Only when the bond is cleaved does the A2 domain bind to the A1 domain and block platelet GPIb binding. Molecular dynamics simulations indicate that cleavage of the disulfide bond modifies the structure and molecular stresses of the A2 domain in a long-range allosteric manner, which provides a structural explanation for redox control of the autoinhibition. Significantly, the A2 disulfide bond is cleaved in ~75% of VWF subunits in healthy human donor plasma but in just ~25% of plasma VWF subunits from heart failure patients who have received extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support. This suggests that the majority of plasma VWF binding sites for platelet GPIb are autoinhibited in healthy donors but are mostly available in heart failure patients. These findings demonstrate that a disulfide bond switch regulates mechanopresentation of VWF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Butera
- The Centenary Institute, Newtown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Freda Passam
- St George Clinical School, Kogarah, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Lining Ju
- Heart Research Institute and Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Heng Woon
- The Centenary Institute, Newtown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Camilo Aponte-Santamaría
- Heidelberg Institute for Theoretical Studies, Schloß-Wolfsbrunnenweg 35, Heidelberg, Germany
- Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Elizabeth Gardiner
- Department of Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, John Curtin School of Medicine, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Amanda K. Davis
- Haematology Unit, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Deirdre A. Murphy
- Intensive Care Unit, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Agnieszka Bronowska
- Heidelberg Institute for Theoretical Studies, Schloß-Wolfsbrunnenweg 35, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Brenda M. Luken
- Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Carsten Baldauf
- Fritz Haber Institute, Faradayweg 4-6, Berlin-Dahlem, Germany
| | - Shaun Jackson
- Heart Research Institute and Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Robert Andrews
- Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Frauke Gräter
- Heidelberg Institute for Theoretical Studies, Schloß-Wolfsbrunnenweg 35, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Philip J. Hogg
- The Centenary Institute, Newtown, New South Wales, Australia
- National Health and Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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24
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Posch S, Aponte-Santamaría C, Schwarzl R, Karner A, Radtke M, Gräter F, Obser T, König G, Brehm MA, Gruber HJ, Netz RR, Baldauf C, Schneppenheim R, Tampé R, Hinterdorfer P. Single molecule force spectroscopy data and BD- and MD simulations on the blood protein von Willebrand factor. Data Brief 2016; 8:1080-7. [PMID: 27508268 PMCID: PMC4970544 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2016.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Revised: 07/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We here give information for a deeper understanding of single molecule force spectroscopy (SMFS) data through the example of the blood protein von Willebrand factor (VWF). It is also shown, how fitting of rupture forces versus loading rate profiles in the molecular dynamics (MD) loading-rate range can be used to demonstrate the qualitative agreement between SMFS and MD simulations. The recently developed model by Bullerjahn, Sturm, and Kroy (BSK) was used for this demonstration. Further, Brownian dynamics (BD) simulations, which can be utilized to estimate the lifetimes of intramolecular VWF interactions under physiological shear, are described. For interpretation and discussion of the methods and data presented here, we would like to directly point the reader to the related research paper, "Mutual A domain interactions in the force sensing protein von Willebrand Factor" (Posch et al., 2016) [1].
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Posch
- Department of Applied Experimental Biophysics, Institute of Biophysics, Johannes Kepler University, Linz, Austria
| | | | | | - Andreas Karner
- Center for Advanced Bioanalysis GmbH (CBL), Linz, Austria
| | | | - Frauke Gräter
- Molecular Biomechanics Group, Heidelberg Institute for Theoretical Studies, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tobias Obser
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg -Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Gesa König
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg -Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Maria A. Brehm
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg -Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hermann J. Gruber
- Department of Applied Experimental Biophysics, Institute of Biophysics, Johannes Kepler University, Linz, Austria
| | | | - Carsten Baldauf
- Theory Department, Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Berlin, Germany
| | - Reinhard Schneppenheim
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg -Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Robert Tampé
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biocenter, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Peter Hinterdorfer
- Department of Applied Experimental Biophysics, Institute of Biophysics, Johannes Kepler University, Linz, Austria
- Center for Advanced Bioanalysis GmbH (CBL), Linz, Austria
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