1
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Fu L, Wong BYL, Li Z, Horst RL, Williams R, Lee B, Miller J, Carpenter TO, Cole DEC. Genetic variants in the vitamin D pathway and their association with vitamin D metabolite levels: Detailed studies of an inner-city pediatric population suggest a modest but significant effect in early childhood. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2023; 233:106369. [PMID: 37490983 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2023.106369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In a large cohort of healthy infants and toddlers 6-36 months of age (n = 776), we have been exploring the potential role of genetic variation in predisposition to vitamin D insufficiency. The genes encoding the key cytochrome P450 hydroxylases (CYP2R1, CYP24A1, and CYP27B1) harbour recurrent mutations of uncertain effect. This study was undertaken to look for biochemically relevant associations of these variants with inter-individual differences in vitamin D metabolism in an at-risk pediatric population. METHODS Genotyping for CYP2R1-CT (c.-1127 C>T, rs10741657), CYP24A1-AG (c.-686A>G, rs111622401), and CYP27B1-CA (c.-1261 C>A, rs10877012) mutations were performed using SNaPshot assay, followed by Sanger sequencing confirmation. Vitamin D metabolites and vitamin D binding protein (DBP) were measured by established methods. RESULTS In a multivariate regression model, with corrections for co-variates, subjects with the homozygous CYP2R1-TT variant had significantly higher concentrations of 25(OH)D, free 25(OH)D, and 24,25(OH)2D levels. In subjects with the CYP24A1-AG mutation, concentrations of 25(OH)D were significantly higher. CONCLUSIONS The CYP2R1-TT and CYP24A1-AG variants have measurable effects on the vitamin D pathway. It seems unlikely that they will be clinically relevant in isolation, but they may be members of the large pool of infrequent mutations contributing to different risks for the vitamin D deficiency phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Fu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Molecular Diagnostics, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada; Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada; Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Betty Y L Wong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Molecular Diagnostics, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Zhenyu Li
- Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Rashida Williams
- Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Bonnie Lee
- Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jessica Miller
- Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Thomas O Carpenter
- Departments of Pediatrics (Endocrinology), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
| | - David E C Cole
- Pediatrics (Genetics), Toronto, ON, Canada; Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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2
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Kamiya S, Nakamori Y, Takasawa A, Takasawa K, Kyuno D, Ono Y, Magara K, Osanai M. Vitamin D metabolism in cancer: potential feasibility of vitamin D metabolism blocking therapy. Med Mol Morphol 2023; 56:85-93. [PMID: 36749415 DOI: 10.1007/s00795-023-00348-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
In this review, we discuss the possibility of the vitamin D metabolizing enzyme CYP24A1 being a therapeutic target for various tumors including breast, colorectal and prostate tumors. Given the pleiotropic cellular activity of vitamin D, its deficiency impairs its physiological function in target cells and results in various pathologies including cancer. In addition, accumulated data have shown that elevated expression of CYP24A1 promotes carcinogenesis in various cancer subtypes by decreasing the bioavailability of vitamin D metabolites. Thus, we propose the potential feasibility of vitamin D metabolism-blocking therapy in various types of human malignancies that express constitutive CYP24A1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakura Kamiya
- Department of Pathology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, South-1, West-17, Chuo-Ku, Sapporo, 060-0061, Japan
| | - Yuna Nakamori
- Department of Pathology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, South-1, West-17, Chuo-Ku, Sapporo, 060-0061, Japan.,Department of Oral Surgery, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Akira Takasawa
- Department of Pathology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, South-1, West-17, Chuo-Ku, Sapporo, 060-0061, Japan
| | - Kumi Takasawa
- Department of Pathology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, South-1, West-17, Chuo-Ku, Sapporo, 060-0061, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kyuno
- Department of Pathology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, South-1, West-17, Chuo-Ku, Sapporo, 060-0061, Japan
| | - Yusuke Ono
- Department of Pathology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, South-1, West-17, Chuo-Ku, Sapporo, 060-0061, Japan
| | - Kazufumi Magara
- Department of Pathology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, South-1, West-17, Chuo-Ku, Sapporo, 060-0061, Japan
| | - Makoto Osanai
- Department of Pathology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, South-1, West-17, Chuo-Ku, Sapporo, 060-0061, Japan.
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3
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Vitamin D Analogs Regulate the Vitamin D System and Cell Viability in Ovarian Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:ijms23010172. [PMID: 35008598 PMCID: PMC8745402 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ovarian cancer (OC) is one of the most lethal cancers in women. The active form of vitamin D3, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25D3, calcitriol) has anticancer activity in several cancers, including ovarian cancer, but the required pharmacological doses may cause hypercalcemia. We hypothesized that newly developed, low calcemic, vitamin D analogs (an1,25Ds) may be used as anticancer agents instead of calcitriol in ovarian cancer cells. METHODS We used two patient-derived high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) cell lines with low (13781) and high (14433) mRNA expression levels of the gene encoding 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 24-hydroxylase CYP24A1, one of the main target genes of calcitriol. We tested the effect of calcitriol and four structurally related series of an1,25Ds (PRI-1906, PRI-1907, PRI-5201, PRI-5202) on cell number, viability, the expression of CYP24A1, and the vitamin D receptor (VDR). RESULTS CYP24A1 mRNA expression increased in a concentration-dependent manner after treatment with all compounds. In both cell lines, after 4 h, PRI-5202 was the most potent analog (in 13781 cells: EC50 = 2.98 ± 1.10 nmol/L, in 14433 cells: EC50 = 0.92 ± 0.20 nmol/L), while PRI-1907 was the least active one (in 13781 cells: EC50 = n/d, in 14433 cells: EC50 = n/d). This difference among the analogs disappeared after 5 days of treatment. The 13781 cells were more sensitive to the an1,25Ds compared with 14433 cells. The an1,25Ds increased nuclear VDR levels and reduced cell viability, but only in the 13781 cell line. CONCLUSIONS The an1,25Ds had different potencies in the HGSOC cell lines and their efficacy in increasing CYP24A1 expression was cell line- and chemical structure-dependent. Therefore, choosing sensitive cancer cell lines and further optimization of the analogs' structure might lead to new treatment options against ovarian cancer.
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Alesci A, Fumia A, Lo Cascio P, Miller A, Cicero N. Immunostimulant and Antidepressant Effect of Natural Compounds in the Management of Covid-19 Symptoms. J Am Coll Nutr 2021; 41:840-854. [PMID: 34550044 DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2021.1965503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, the use of natural compounds as adjuvant treatments and alternatives to traditional pharmacological therapies has become increasingly popular. These compounds have a wide range of biological effects, such as: antioxidant, anti-aging, hypocholesterolizing, hypoglycemic, antitumoral, antidepressant, anxiolytic activity, etc. Almost all of these compounds are easily available and are contained in different foods. At the end of 2019 the Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 appeared in China and quickly spread throughout the world, causing a pandemic. The most common symptoms of this infection are dry cough, fever, dyspnea, and in severe cases bilateral interstitial pneumonia, with consequences that can lead to death. The nations, in trying to prevent the spread of infection, have imposed social distancing and lockdown measures on their citizens. This had a strong psychological-social impact, leading to phobic, anxious and depressive states. Pharmacological therapy could be accompanied by treatment with several natural compounds, such as vitamins, baicalein, zinc and essential oils. These compounds possess marked immunostimulant activity, strengthening the immune response and mitigating interactions between the virus and the host cell. They also have an antidepressant effect, acting on certain neurotransmitters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Alesci
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Angelo Fumia
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Padiglione C, A. O. U. Policlinico "G. Martino", Messina, Italy
| | - Patrizia Lo Cascio
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | | | - Nicola Cicero
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Science and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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5
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Sadeghi H, Nazemalhosseini-Mojarad E, Sahebi U, Fazeli E, Azizi-Tabesh G, Yassaee VR, Savabkar S, Asadzadeh Aghdaei H, Zali MR, Mirfakhraie R. Novel long noncoding RNAs upregulation may have synergistic effects on the CYP24A1 and PFDN4 biomarker role in human colorectal cancer. J Cell Physiol 2020; 236:2051-2057. [PMID: 32743796 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are emerging as the master regulators of tumor initiation, proliferation, and metastasis; however, their diagnostic value as potential biomarkers should be clarified. Vitamin D influences the expression of several genes in various pathways, including the CYP24A1 gene in the vitamin D metabolism pathway. In the present research, we surveyed the expression levels and clinical significance of novel lncRNAs related to CYP24A1 and PFDN4 genes in colorectal cancer (CRC) using real-time polymerase chain reaction. Furthermore, we assessed the expression of these genes after vitamin D treatment in HCT-116 and HT-29 colon cancer cell lines. Our results indicated that the transcription of CYP24A1, PFDN4, and nearby lncRNAs was affected by vitamin D treatment in HCT-116 and HT-29 cell lines. Moreover, CYP24A1, PFDN4, lnc-CYP24A1-3:1, and lnc-TSHZ2-19:1 were upregulated and had the potential to distinguish colorectal cancer tissues from the adjacent tissues by the large area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (0.94, 0.66, 0.70, and 0.60, respectively). lnc-TSHZ2-19:1 expression level significantly correlated with gender (p = .03). In conclusion, CYP24A1, PFDN4, lnc-CYP24A1-3:1, and lnc-TSHZ2-19:1 can be used as potential diagnostic biomarkers in the specific and sensitive assessment of CRC. Besides this, vitamin D treatment may modulate the expression of these genes in a cell-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Sadeghi
- Molecular Genetics Department, Genomic Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ehsan Nazemalhosseini-Mojarad
- Department of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Unes Sahebi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elnaz Fazeli
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ghasem Azizi-Tabesh
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahid R Yassaee
- Molecular Genetics Department, Genomic Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sanaz Savabkar
- Department of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Asadzadeh Aghdaei
- Department of Molecular Biology, Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad R Zali
- Department of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Mirfakhraie
- Molecular Genetics Department, Genomic Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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6
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Influence of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms on Rifampin Pharmacokinetics in Tuberculosis Patients. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:antibiotics9060307. [PMID: 32521634 PMCID: PMC7344705 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9060307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Rifampin (RF) is metabolized in the liver into an active metabolite 25-desacetylrifampin and excreted almost equally via biliary and renal routes. Various influx and efflux transporters influence RF disposition during hepatic uptake and biliary excretion. Evidence has also shown that Vitamin D deficiency (VDD) and Vitamin D receptor (VDR) polymorphisms are associated with tuberculosis (TB). Hence, genetic polymorphisms of metabolizing enzymes, drug transporters and/or their transcriptional regulators and VDR and its pathway regulators may affect the pharmacokinetics of RF. In this narrative review, we aim to identify literature that has explored the influence of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of genes encoding drug transporters and their transcriptional regulators (SLCO1B1, ABCB1, PXR and CAR), metabolizing enzymes (CES1, CES2 and AADAC) and VDR and its pathway regulators (VDR, CYP27B1 and CYP24A1) on plasma RF concentrations in TB patients on antitubercular therapy. Available reports to date have shown that there is a lack of any association of ABCB1, PXR, CAR, CES1 and AADAC genetic variants with plasma concentrations of RF. Further evidence is required from a more comprehensive exploration of the association of SLCO1B1, CES2 and Vitamin D pathway gene variants with RF pharmacokinetics in distinct ethnic groups and a larger population to reach conclusive information.
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7
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Sadeghi H, Nazemalhosseini-Mojarad E, Yassaee VR, Savabkar S, Ghasemian M, Aghdaei HA, Zali MR, Mirfakhraie R. Could CYP24A1 promoter methylation status affect the gene expression in the colorectal cancer patients? Meta Gene 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mgene.2020.100656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
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8
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Noh K, Yang QJ, Sekhon L, Quach HP, Chow ECY, Pang KS. Noteworthy idiosyncrasies of 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D 3 kinetics for extrapolation from mouse to man: Commentary. Biopharm Drug Dispos 2020; 41:126-148. [PMID: 32319119 DOI: 10.1002/bdd.2223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Calcitriol or 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2 D3 ] is the active ligand of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) that plays a vital role in health and disease. Vitamin D is converted to the relatively inactive metabolite, 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 [25(OH)D3 ], by CYP27A1 and CYP2R1 in the liver, then to 1,25(OH)2 D3 by a specific, mitochondrial enzyme, CYP27B1 (1α-hydroxylase) that is present primarily in the kidney. The degradation of both metabolites is mostly carried out by the more ubiquitous mitochondrial enzyme, CYP24A1. Despite the fact that calcitriol inhibits its formation and degradation, allometric scaling revealed strong interspecies correlation of the net calcitriol clearance (CL estimated from dose/AUC∞ ), production rate (PR), and basal, plasma calcitriol concentration with body weight (BW). PBPK-PD (physiologically based pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic) modeling confirmed the dynamic interactions between calcitriol and Cyp27b1/Cyp24a1 on the decrease in the PR and increase in CL in mice. Close scrutiny of the literature revealed that basal levels of calcitriol had not been taken into consideration for estimating the correct AUC∞ and CL after exogenous calcitriol dosing in both animals and humans, leading to an overestimation of AUC∞ and underestimation of the plasma CL. In humans, CL was decreased in chronic kidney disease but increased in cancer. Collectively, careful pharmacokinetic data analysis and improved definition are achieved with PBPK-PD modeling, which embellishes the complexity of dose, enzyme regulation, and disease conditions. Allometric scaling and PBPK-PD modeling were applied successfully to extend the PBPK model to predict calcitriol kinetics in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keumhan Noh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Qi Joy Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Lavtej Sekhon
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Holly P Quach
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Edwin C Y Chow
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3M2, Canada
| | - K Sandy Pang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3M2, Canada
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9
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Moor MB, Bonny O. Memo1 gene expression in kidney and bone is unaffected by dietary mineral load and calciotropic hormones. Physiol Rep 2020; 8:e14410. [PMID: 32291966 PMCID: PMC7156332 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mediator of cell motility 1 (MEMO1) is a ubiquitously expressed modulator of cellular responses to growth factors including FGF23 signaling, and Memo1-deficient mice share some phenotypic traits with Fgf23- or Klotho-deficient mouse models. Here, we tested whether Memo1 gene expression is regulated by calciotropic hormones or by changing the dietary mineral load. MLO-Y4 osteocyte-like cells were cultured and treated with 1,25(OH)2 -vitamin D3 . Wild-type C57BL/6N mice underwent treatments with 1,25(OH)2 -vitamin D3 , parathyroid hormone, 17β-estradiol or vehicle. Other cohorts of C57BL/6N mice were fed diets varying in calcium or phosphate content. Expression of Memo1 and control genes was assessed by qPCR. 1,25(OH)2 -vitamin D3 caused an acute decrease in Memo1 transcript levels in vitro, but not in vivo. None of the hormones tested had an influence on Memo1 transcripts, whereas the assessed control genes reacted the expected way. Dietary interventions with calcium and phosphate did not affect Memo1 transcripts but altered the chosen control genes' expression. We observed that Memo1 was not regulated by calciotropic hormones or change in mineral load, suggesting major differences between the regulation and physiological roles of Klotho, Fgf23, and Memo1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias B. Moor
- Department of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of LausanneLausanneSwitzerland
- The National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) "Kidney.CH ‐ Kidney Control of Homeostasis" SwitzerlandZürichSwitzerland
- Present address:
Department of Nephrology and HypertensionBern University HospitalBernSwitzerland
| | - Olivier Bonny
- Department of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of LausanneLausanneSwitzerland
- The National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) "Kidney.CH ‐ Kidney Control of Homeostasis" SwitzerlandZürichSwitzerland
- Service of NephrologyDepartment of MedicineLausanne University HospitalLausanneSwitzerland
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10
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Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in 25-Hydroxyvitamin D3 1-Alpha-Hydroxylase ( CYP27B1) Gene: The Risk of Malignant Tumors and Other Chronic Diseases. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12030801. [PMID: 32197412 PMCID: PMC7146376 DOI: 10.3390/nu12030801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
: Vitamin D is widely known for its roles in the promotion of apoptosis and differentiation, with simultaneous inhibition of proliferation, inflammation, angiogenesis, invasion, and metastasis. Modern literature lacks complete information on polymorphisms in CYP27B1, the only enzyme capable of vitamin D activation. This review presents gathered data that relate to genetic variants in CYP27B1 gene in correlation to multiple diseases, mostly concerning colorectal, prostate, breast, lung, and pancreatic cancers, as well as on other pathologies, such as non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, oral lichen planus, or multiple sclerosis.
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11
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Abstract
Stroke is the first cause of disability in the population and post-stroke patients admitted to rehabilitation units often present a malnutrition status which can influence nutritional indices and then vitamin levels. Vitamin D deficiency seems implicated beyond stroke severity and stroke risk, and also affects post-stroke recovery. Some studies on vitamin D levels and outcome in stroke patients are available but very few data on vitamin D levels and outcome after rehabilitation treatment are reported. This literature review shows the possible relationship between vitamin D deficiency and recovery in post-stroke patients undergoing rehabilitation treatment. Moreover, because several studies have reported that single nucleotide polymorphisms and promoter methylation in genes are involved in vitamin D metabolism and might affect circulating vitamin D levels, these aspects are evaluated in the current paper. From the studies evaluated in this review, it emerges that vitamin D deficiency could not only have an important role in the recovery of patients undergoing rehabilitation after a stroke, but that genetic and epigenetic factors related to vitamin D levels could have a crucial role on the rehabilitation outcome of patients after stroke. Therefore, further studies are necessary on stroke patients undergoing rehabilitation treatment, including: (a) the measurement of the 25(OH) vitamin D serum concentrations at admission and post rehabilitation treatment; (b) the identification of the presence/absence of CYP2R1, CYP27B1, CYP24A1 and VDR polymorphisms, and (c) analysis of the methylation levels of these genes pre- and post-rehabilitation treatment.
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12
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Yang W, Ma F, Wang L, He X, Zhang H, Zheng J, Wang Y, Jin T, Yuan D, He Y. The association analysis between CYP24A1 genetic polymorphisms and the risk of ischemic stroke in Chinese Han population. Brain Behav 2020; 10:e01503. [PMID: 31872978 PMCID: PMC7010572 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.1503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Stroke is a complicated neurological disease and the second leading cause of death in the world. We aimed to investigate the association between CYP24A1 genetic polymorphisms and ischemic stroke risk. METHODS In this case-control study, four single-nucleotide polymorphisms of CYP24A1 were selected and genotyped by MassARRAY platform in Chinese Han population. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were calculated via logistic regression analysis with adjustment in genetic models. RESULTS Our results indicated that CYP24A1 variant (rs1570669) was associated with the decreased risk of ischemic stroke (OR = 0.60, p < .001). Stratification analysis showed that the rs6068816 could enhance the ischemic stroke risk by 1.64 times (OR = 1.64, p = .028), while rs1570669 played protective role (OR = 0.63, p = .044) in age >64 years. The rs2762934 had an increased ischemic stroke susceptibility (OR = 1.62, p = .033); however, rs1570669 might reduce stroke risk (OR = 0.61, p = .015) in age ≤64 years. The rs1570669 depressed ischemic stroke susceptibility both in female and male patients (OR = 0.46, p = .002; OR = 0.69, p = .033, respectively), and rs2296241 would weaken the risk in male (OR = 0.63, p = .012). The rs1570669 was associated with decreased risk of ischemic stroke with hypertension (OR = 0.56, p = .042). CONCLUSION Our study gave the evidences that CYP24A1 genetic polymorphisms were significantly associated with ischemic stroke patients, which would provide useful information of assessment or possible diagnostic markers for ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Mechanism and Intervention Research for Plateau Diseases of Tibet Autonomous Region, School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, China.,Department of Emergency, the Affiliated Hospital of Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, China
| | - Fenghui Ma
- Medical Examination Center, Tangdu Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Li Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Mechanism and Intervention Research for Plateau Diseases of Tibet Autonomous Region, School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, China.,School of Basic Medical Science, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, China
| | - Xue He
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Mechanism and Intervention Research for Plateau Diseases of Tibet Autonomous Region, School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, China.,School of Basic Medical Science, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, China
| | - Hengxun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Mechanism and Intervention Research for Plateau Diseases of Tibet Autonomous Region, School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, China.,Department of Emergency, the Affiliated Hospital of Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, China
| | - Jianwen Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Mechanism and Intervention Research for Plateau Diseases of Tibet Autonomous Region, School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, China.,Department of Neurology, the Affiliated Hospital of Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, China
| | - Yuhe Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Mechanism and Intervention Research for Plateau Diseases of Tibet Autonomous Region, School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, the Affiliated Hospital of Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, China
| | - Tianbo Jin
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Mechanism and Intervention Research for Plateau Diseases of Tibet Autonomous Region, School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, China.,School of Basic Medical Science, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Northwest University), Ministry of Education, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Dongya Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Mechanism and Intervention Research for Plateau Diseases of Tibet Autonomous Region, School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, China.,School of Basic Medical Science, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, China
| | - Yongjun He
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Mechanism and Intervention Research for Plateau Diseases of Tibet Autonomous Region, School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, China.,School of Basic Medical Science, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, China
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Türkanoğlu Özçelik A, Öner T, Can Demirdöğen B, Bek VS, Demirkaya Ş, Adalı O. Genetic polymorphisms of vitamin D3 metabolizing CYP24A1 and CYP2R1 enzymes in Turkish patients with ischemic stroke. Neurol Res 2018. [PMID: 29528271 DOI: 10.1080/01616412.2018.1446281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Objective Vitamin D deficiency is known as an important risk factor in pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, which contributes to stroke development. Genetic variations including single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in enzymes involved in vitamin D metabolism can affect susceptibility to the development of stroke. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the association between polymorphisms of vitamin D metabolizing enzymes (rs927650 SNP in CYP24A1, and rs10741657 SNP in CYP2R1 genes,) and ischemic stroke risk in Turkish population. Materials and methods To test this hypothesis, we designed a case-control study which consisted of 256 ischemic stroke patients and 132 controls. Genotypes were determined by PCR-RFLP technique. Results No significant differences were found between patients and controls in terms of CYP24A1 rs927650 and CYP2R1 rs10741657 genotype frequencies. Polymorphic allele frequencies of CYP24A1 rs927650 and CYP2R1 rs10741657 were 0.414 and 0.660 in stroke patients, respectively. Conclusion This is the first study conducted regarding the association of CYP24A1 rs927650 and CYP2R1 rs10741657 genetic polymorphisms and ischemic stroke risk. The polymorphic genotypes of these polymorphisms, together with hypertension, diabetes, smoking, and obesity, were found as significant risk factors for ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tuğçe Öner
- b Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics , Joint Graduate Program in Biochemistry, Middle East Technical University , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Birsen Can Demirdöğen
- c Department of Biomedical Engineering , TOBB University of Economics and Technology , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Vedat Semai Bek
- d Department of Neurology , Gülhane Training and Research Hospital, Health Sciences University , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Şeref Demirkaya
- d Department of Neurology , Gülhane Training and Research Hospital, Health Sciences University , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Orhan Adalı
- b Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics , Joint Graduate Program in Biochemistry, Middle East Technical University , Ankara , Turkey
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Luo W, Johnson CS, Trump DL. Vitamin D Signaling Modulators in Cancer Therapy. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2016; 100:433-72. [PMID: 26827962 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2015.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The antiproliferative and pro-apoptotic effects of 1α,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol (1,25(OH)2D3, 1,25D3, calcitriol) have been demonstrated in various tumor model systems in vitro and in vivo. However, limited antitumor effects of 1,25D3 have been observed in clinical trials. This may be attributed to a variety of factors including overexpression of the primary 1,25D3 degrading enzyme, CYP24A1, in tumors, which would lead to rapid local inactivation of 1,25D3. An alternative strategy for improving the antitumor activity of 1,25D3 involves the combination with a selective CYP24A1 inhibitor. The validity of this approach is supported by numerous preclinical investigations, which demonstrate that CYP24A1 inhibitors suppress 1,25D3 catabolism in tumor cells and increase the effects of 1,25D3 on gene expression and cell growth. Studies are now required to determine whether selective CYP24A1 inhibitors+1,25D3 can be used safely and effectively in patients. CYP24A1 inhibitors plus 1,25D3 can cause dose-limiting toxicity of vitamin D (hypercalcemia) in some patients. Dexamethasone significantly reduces 1,25D3-mediated hypercalcemia and enhances the antitumor activity of 1,25D3, increases VDR-ligand binding, and increases VDR protein expression. Efforts to dissect the mechanisms responsible for CYP24A1 overexpression and combinational effect of 1,25D3/dexamethasone in tumors are underway. Understanding the cross talk between vitamin D receptor (VDR) and glucocorticoid receptor (GR) signaling axes is of crucial importance to the design of new therapies that include 1,25D3 and dexamethasone. Insights gained from these studies are expected to yield novel strategies to improve the efficacy of 1,25D3 treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Luo
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Candace S Johnson
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Donald L Trump
- Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York, USA; Inova Dwight and Martha Schar Cancer Institute, Falls Church, Virginia, USA.
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Bhatia V, Falzon M. Restoration of the anti-proliferative and anti-migratory effects of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D by silibinin in vitamin D-resistant colon cancer cells. Cancer Lett 2015; 362:199-207. [PMID: 25846868 PMCID: PMC4419377 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2015.03.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Revised: 03/25/2015] [Accepted: 03/28/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal carcinoma (CRC) is the third most common cancer in developed countries. A large fraction of cases are linked to chronic intestinal inflammation, with concomitant increased TNF-α release and elevated Snail1/Snail2 levels. These transcription factors in turn suppress vitamin D receptor (VDR) expression, resulting in loss of responsiveness to the protective anti-proliferative and anti-migratory effects of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25D). Experimental and epidemiologic evidence support the use of natural products to target CRC. Here we show that the flavonolignan silibinin reverses the TNF-α-induced upregulation of Snail1 and Snail2 in the 1,25D-resistant human colon carcinoma cells HT-29. These silibinin effects are accompanied by an increase in VDR levels; Snail1 overexpression reverses these silibinin effects. Silibinin also restores promoter activity from a vitamin D-response element (VDRE) reporter construct. While 1,25D had no significant effect on HT-29 and SW480-R cell proliferation and migration, co-treatment with silibinin restored 1,25D responsiveness. In addition, co-treatment with silibinin plus 1,25D decreased proliferation and migration at doses where silibinin alone had no effect. These findings demonstrate that this combination may present a novel approach to target CRC in conditions of chronic colonic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vandanajay Bhatia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Miriam Falzon
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, TX 77555, USA; Sealy Center for Cancer Cell Biology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, TX 77555, USA.
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16
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Wang P, Zhang H, Zhang Z, Qin L, Li B. Association of the CYP24A1-rs2296241 polymorphism of the vitamin D catabolism enzyme with hormone-related cancer risk: a meta-analysis. Onco Targets Ther 2015; 8:1175-83. [PMID: 26045671 PMCID: PMC4447172 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s80311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The evidence for vitamin D reducing cancer risk is inconsistent, and it is not clear whether this reduction is related to variation in cytochrome P450 (CYP)24A1, the only enzyme known to degrade active vitamin D. We focused on evaluating the association of CYP24A1-rs2296241 polymorphism with hormone-related cancer risk by conducting a meta-analysis. METHODS A systematic literature search was conducted in April 2014 (updated in December 2014) to identify eligible studies. A random-effects model was used to pool the odds ratio (OR). RESULTS Eleven studies including 5,145 cases and 5,136 controls were considered for the allelic model, and eight studies of 3,959 cases and 3,560 controls were utilized for the additive, recessive, and dominant models. There was no significant association between CYP24A1-rs2296241 and hormone-related cancer risk in any of the models, yet substantial heterogeneity was observed. Subgroup analyses indicated that CYP24A1-rs2296241 variation reduced the prostate cancer risk in the additive (OR 0.91, 95% confidence interval 0.85-0.97) and recessive (OR 0.80, 95% confidence interval 0.67-0.95) models, with no evidence of heterogeneity. CONCLUSION This meta-analysis indicated that CYP24A1-rs2296241 polymorphism reduced the androgen-related prostate cancer risk in additive and recessive models. More genetic loci are needed to confirm the effect of CYP24A1 variation on the risk of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Wang
- Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hemei Zhang
- Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zengli Zhang
- Department of Labor Hygiene and Environmental Health, Soochow University, Suzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liqiang Qin
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bingyan Li
- Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, People’s Republic of China
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Gröschel C, Tennakoon S, Kállay E. Cytochrome P450 Vitamin D Hydroxylases in Inflammation and Cancer. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY 2015; 74:413-58. [PMID: 26233913 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2015.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin D insufficiency correlates with increased incidence of inflammatory disorders and cancer of the colon, breast, liver, and prostate. Preclinical studies demonstrated that the hormonally active form of vitamin D, 1,25(OH)2D3, has antiproliferative, proapoptotic, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory effects. Tissue levels of 1,25(OH)2D3 are determined by expression and activity of specific vitamin D hydroxylases expressed at renal and extrarenal sites. In order to understand how perturbations in the vitamin D system affect human health, we need to understand the steps involved in the synthesis and catabolism of the active metabolite. This review provides an overview about recent findings on the altered vitamin D metabolism in inflammatory conditions and carcinogenesis. We will summarize existing data on the pathophysiological regulation of vitamin D hydroxylases and outline the role of adequate levels of 1,25(OH)2D3 on tissue homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Gröschel
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology & Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel, Vienna, Austria
| | - Samawansha Tennakoon
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology & Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel, Vienna, Austria
| | - Enikö Kállay
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology & Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel, Vienna, Austria.
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18
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Vitamin D in cancer: effects of pharmaceutical drugs on the vitamin D pharmacokinetics. JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL INVESTIGATION 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s40005-014-0147-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Bi C, Li B, Du L, Wang L, Zhang Y, Cheng Z, Zhai A. Vitamin D receptor, an important transcription factor associated with aldosterone-producing adenoma. PLoS One 2013; 8:e82309. [PMID: 24376526 PMCID: PMC3869669 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0082309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2013] [Accepted: 10/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the endocrine mechanisms of aldosterone-producing adenoma (APA) by using the microarray expression profiles of normal and APA samples. METHODS The gene expression profile GSE8514 was downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus database, including samples from normal adrenals (n = 5) and APAs (n = 10). The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified by samr package and endocrine DEGs were obtained according to Clinical Genome Database. Then, functional enrichment analysis of screened DEGs was performed by DAVID (Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery). Finally, a regulatory network was constructed to screen endocrine genes related with adrenal dysfunction and pathway enrichment analysis for the constructed network was performed. RESULTS A total of 2149 DEGs were identified including 379 up- and 1770 down-regulated genes. And 26 endocrine genes were filtered from the DEGs. Furthermore, the down-regulated DEGs are mainly related to protein kinase cascade, response to molecule of bacterial origin, response to lipopolysaccharide, cellular macromolecule catabolic process and macromolecule catabolic process, while the up-regulated DEGs are related with regulation of ion transport. The target genes of VDR (vitamin D receptor), one of the three endocrine genes differentially expressed in the regulatory network, were endocrine genes including CYP24A1 (25-hydroxyvitamin D-24-hydroxylase) and PTH (parathyroid hormone). Three pathways may be associated with APA pathogenesis including cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, pathways in cancer and autoimmune thyroid disease. CONCLUSION The VDR is the most significant transcription factor and related endocrine genes might play important roles in the endocrine mechanisms of APA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changlong Bi
- Department of Endocrinology, Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Lili Du
- Department of Endocrinology, Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Lishan Wang
- FengHe (ShangHai) Information Technology Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai ,China
| | - Yingqi Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhifeng Cheng
- Department of Endocrinology, Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Aixia Zhai
- Department of Microbiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Science and Technology Innovation Team in Higher Education Institutes for Infection and Immunity, Harbin Medical University, Harbin , China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Infection and Immunity, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- *
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20
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Luo W, Hershberger PA, Trump DL, Johnson CS. 24-Hydroxylase in cancer: impact on vitamin D-based anticancer therapeutics. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2013; 136:252-7. [PMID: 23059474 PMCID: PMC3686893 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2012.09.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2012] [Accepted: 09/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The active vitamin D hormone 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3) plays a major role in regulating calcium homeostasis and bone mineralization. 1,25(OH)2D3 also modulates cellular proliferation and differentiation in a variety of cell types. 24-Hydroxylase, encoded by the CYP24A1 gene, is the key enzyme which converts 1,25(OH)2D3 to less active calcitroic acid. Nearly all cell types express 24-hydroxylase, the highest activity being observed in the kidney. There is increasing evidence linking the incidence and prognosis of certain cancers to low serum 25(OH)D3 levels and high expression of vitamin D 24-hydroxylase, supporting the idea that elevated CYP24A1 expression may stimulate degradation of vitamin D metabolites including 25(OH)D3 and 1,25(OH)2D3. The over expression of CYP24A1 in cancer cells may be a factor affecting 1,25(OH)2D3 bioavailability and anti-proliferative activity pre-clinically and clinically. The combination of 1,25(OH)2D3 with CYP24A1 inhibitors enhances 1,25(OH)2D3 mediated signaling and anti-proliferative effects and may be useful in overcoming effects of aberrant CYP24A1 expression. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled 'Vitamin D Workshop'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Luo
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263
| | - Pamela A. Hershberger
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263
| | - Donald L. Trump
- Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263
| | - Candace S. Johnson
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263
- Corresponding author: Candace S. Johnson, PhD, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Elm & Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY 14263. Tel: 716-845-8300; fax: 716-845-1258.
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O′Neill V, Asani FF, Jeffery TJ, Saccone DS, Bornman L. Vitamin D Receptor Gene Expression and Function in a South African Population: Ethnicity, Vitamin D and FokI. PLoS One 2013; 8:e67663. [PMID: 23805323 PMCID: PMC3689684 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0067663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2013] [Accepted: 05/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Polymorphisms of the vitamin D receptor gene (VDR) have been associated inconsistently with various diseases, across populations of diverse origin. The T(f) allele of the functional SNP FokI, in exon 2 of VDR, results in a longer vitamin D receptor protein (VDR) isoform, proposed to be less active. Genetic association of VDR with disease is likely confounded by ethnicity and environmental factors such as plasma 25(OH)D3 status. We hypothesized that VDR expression, VDR level and transactivation of target genes, CAMP and CYP24A1, depend on vitamin D, ethnicity and FokI genotype. Healthy volunteers participated in the study (African, n = 40 and White, n = 20). Plasma 25(OH)D3 levels were quantified by LC-MS and monocytes cultured, with or without 1,25(OH)2D3. Gene expression and protein level was quantified using qRT-PCR and flow cytometry, respectively. Mean plasma 25(OH)D3 status was normal and not significantly different between ethnicities. Neither 25(OH)D3 status nor 1,25(OH)2D3 supplementation significantly influenced expression or level of VDR. Africans had significantly higher mean VDR protein levels (P<0.050), nonetheless transactivated less CAMP expression than Whites. Genotyping the FokI polymorphism by pyrosequencing together with HapMap data, showed a significantly higher (P<0.050) frequency of the CC genotype in Africans than in Whites. FokI genotype, however, did not influence VDR expression or VDR level, but influenced overall transactivation of CAMP and 1,25(OH)2D3-elicited CYP24A1 induction; the latter, interacting with ethnicity. In conclusion, differential VDR expression relates to ethnicity, rather than 25(OH)D3 status and FokI genotype. Instead, VDR transactivation of CAMP is influenced by FokI genotype and, together with ethnicity, influence 1,25(OH)2D3-elicited CYP24A1 expression. Thus, the expression and role of VDR to transactivate target genes is determined not only by genetics, but also by ethnicity and environment involving complex interactions which may confound disease association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa O′Neill
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa
| | - Furaha Florence Asani
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa
| | - Tamsyn Jacki Jeffery
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa
| | - Donovan Sean Saccone
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa
| | - Liza Bornman
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa
- * E-mail:
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Ramnath N, Daignault-Newton S, Dy GK, Muindi JR, Adjei A, Elingrod VL, Kalemkerian GP, Cease KB, Stella PJ, Brenner DE, Troeschel S, Johnson CS, Trump DL. A phase I/II pharmacokinetic and pharmacogenomic study of calcitriol in combination with cisplatin and docetaxel in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2013; 71:1173-82. [PMID: 23435876 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-013-2109-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2012] [Accepted: 02/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preclinical studies demonstrated antiproliferative synergy of 1,25-D3 (calcitriol) with cisplatin. The goals of this phase I/II study were to determine the recommended phase II dose (RP2D) of 1,25-D3 with cisplatin and docetaxel and its efficacy in metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer. METHODS Patients were ≥18 years, PS 0-1 with normal organ function. In the phase I portion, patients received escalating doses of 1,25-D3 intravenously every 21 days prior to docetaxel 75 mg/m(2) and cisplatin 75 mg/m(2) using standard 3 + 3 design, targeting dose-limiting toxicity (DLT) rate <33 %. Dose levels of 1,25-D3 were 30, 45, 60, and 80 mcg/m(2). A two-stage design was employed for phase II portion. We correlated CYP24A1 tagSNPs with clinical outcome and 1,25-D3 pharmacokinetics (PK). RESULTS 34 patients were enrolled. At 80 mcg/m(2), 2/4 patients had DLTs of grade 4 neutropenia. Hypercalcemia was not observed. The RP2D of 1,25-D3 was 60 mcg/m(2). Among 20 evaluable phase II patients, there were 2 confirmed, 4 unconfirmed partial responses (PR), and 9 stable disease (SD). Median time to progression was 5.8 months (95 % CI 3.4, 6.5), and median overall survival 8.7 months (95 % CI 7.6, 39.4). CYP24A1 SNP rs3787554 (C > T) correlated with disease progression (P = 0.03) and CYP24A1 SNP rs2762939 (C > G) trended toward PR/SD (P = 0.08). There was no association between 1,25-D3 PK and CYP24A1 SNPs. CONCLUSIONS The RP2D of 1,25-D3 with docetaxel and cisplatin was 60 mcg/m(2) every 21 days. Pre-specified endpoint of 50 % confirmed RR was not met in the phase II study. Functional SNPs in CYP24A1 may inform future studies individualizing 1,25-D3.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Ramnath
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, 1500 East Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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Höbaus J, Thiem U, Hummel DM, Kallay E. Role of calcium, vitamin D, and the extrarenal vitamin D hydroxylases in carcinogenesis. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2013; 13:20-35. [PMID: 23094918 PMCID: PMC3826118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2012] [Revised: 05/05/2012] [Accepted: 05/16/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin D deficiency and low calcium intake are considered risk factors for several cancers. Vitamin D, synthesized in the skin or ingested through the diet, is transformed through two hydroxylation steps to the active metabolite, 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25-D3). 25-hydroxylases in the liver are responsible for the first hydroxylation step. The ultimate activation is performed by the renal 25-hydroxyvitamin D 1α-hydroxylase (CYP27B1), while the 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D 24-hydroxylase (CYP24A1) in the kidneys degrades the active metabolite. These two renal vitamin D hydroxylases control the endocrine serum 1,25-D3 levels, and are responsible for maintaining mineral homeostasis. In addition, the active vitamin D hormone 1,25-D3 regulates cellular proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis in multiple tissues in a paracrine/autocrine manner. Interestingly, it is the low serum level of the precursor 25- hydroxyvitamin D3 (25-D3) that predisposes to numerous cancers and other chronic diseases, and not the serum concentration of the active vitamin D hormone. The extra-renal autocrine/paracrine vitamin D system is able to synthesize and degrade locally the active 1,25- D3 necessary to maintain normal cell growth and to counteract mitogenic stimuli. Thus, vitamin D hydroxylases play a prominent role in this process. The present review describes the role of the vitamin D hydroxylases in cancer pathogenesis and the cross-talk between the extra-renal autocrine/paracrine vitamin D system and calcium in cancer prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Höbaus
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research
| | - Ursula Thiem
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research
- Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Medical University of Vienna
| | | | - Enikö Kallay
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research
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24
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Vitamin D and Colorectal Cancer Prevention. TOP CLIN NUTR 2013. [DOI: 10.1097/tin.0b013e31827df9ac] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Azad AK, Bairati I, Qiu X, Huang H, Cheng D, Liu G, Meyer F, Adjei A, Xu W. Genetic sequence variants in vitamin D metabolism pathway genes, serum vitamin D level and outcome in head and neck cancer patients. Int J Cancer 2012; 132:2520-7. [PMID: 23169318 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.27946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2012] [Accepted: 10/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Although some studies have reported associations between serum vitamin D level and prognosis in several cancers, others have found associations between genetic sequence variants (GSVs) in the vitamin D metabolism pathway genes and outcomes in various cancers including head and neck cancer (HNC). We comprehensively evaluated the association and interaction of GSVs in vitamin D metabolism pathway genes and their regulatory effects on circulatory serum vitamin D level in HNC outcome. We systemically evaluated the association of 89 tagging and candidate-based GSVs in six major vitamin D metabolism pathway genes (VDR, GC, CYP24A1, CYP27A1, CYP27B1 and CYP2R1) and the circulating serum vitamin D level with overall survival (OS) and second primary cancer (SPC) in 522 Stages I-II radiation-treated patients with HNC. For OS: median follow-up time was 8 years; for SPC, 4.4 years. The most common subsite was the larynx (84%). Three hundred and twelve patients were alive at the end of follow-up for OS. SPCs were diagnosed in 108 patients and were primarily of lung (46%). Serum vitamin D levels were significantly lower in patients carrying the minor alleles of GC:rs4588 and CYP2R1:rs10500804. CYP24A1:rs2296241 was significantly associated with OS and CYP2R1:rs1993116 was with SPC. These two GSVs remained significantly associated after adjusting for serum vitamin D level and important clinical factors. GSVs in the vitamin D metabolism pathway genes were associated with disease outcomes in HNC patients; however, these GSVs are different from those affecting serum vitamin D levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abul Kalam Azad
- Ontario Cancer Institute, Princess Margaret Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Penna-Martinez M, Ramos-Lopez E, Stern J, Kahles H, Hinsch N, Hansmann ML, Selkinski I, Grünwald F, Vorländer C, Bechstein WO, Zeuzem S, Holzer K, Badenhoop K. Impaired vitamin D activation and association with CYP24A1 haplotypes in differentiated thyroid carcinoma. Thyroid 2012; 22:709-16. [PMID: 22690899 PMCID: PMC3387756 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2011.0330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Common polymorphisms of the vitamin D receptor gene have been reported to affect the risk of breast, colon, prostate, and differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC), but polymorphisms within the genes of vitamin D metabolizing enzymes have not been studied in DTC. The aim of the present study was to investigate the genes for vitamin D enzymes in patients with DTC and healthy controls (HC) as well as the vitamin D (25-hydroxyvitamin D(3), and 1,25-hydroxyvitamin) status. METHODS German patients (n=253) with DTC (papillary thyroid carcinoma [PTC] and follicular thyroid carcinoma [FTC]) and HC (n=302) were genotyped for polymorphisms within the vitamin D metabolizing enzymes such as 25-hydroxylase (CYP2R1[rs12794714, rs10741657]), 25-hydroxyvitamin D-1α-hydroxylase (CYP27B1[rs10877012, rs4646536]), and 25-hydroxyvitamin D 24-hydrolase (CYP24A1[rs927650, rs2248137, rs2296241]). Furthermore, the 25-hydroxyvitamin D(3) [25(OH)D(3)] and 1,25-hydroxyvitamin [1,25(OH)(2)D(3)] plasma levels were measured by a radioimmunoassay. RESULTS There was no difference in the genotypes; however, the CYP24A1 haplotype analysis showed that rs2248137C/rs2296241A (13.1% vs. 19.1%; corrected p [pc]=0.04) was less frequent in the PTC, whereas the haplotypes rs2248137C/rs2296241G (56.0% vs. 41.9%; pc=0.03), rs927650C/rs2296241G (22.5% vs. 8.4%; pc=1.6×10(-3)), and rs927650C/rs2248137C/rs2296241G (21.1% vs. 7.3%; pc=1.5×10(-3)) were more frequent in the FTC compared with HC. Furthermore, if patients and controls were grouped according to four 25(OH)D(3) categories (severely deficient, deficient, insufficient, and sufficient), then the patients with both DTC subtypes had significantly lower levels of circulating 1,25(OH)(2)D(3), especially in the group with a deficient 25(OH)D(3) status compared with the controls. Although the polymorphisms showed no differences stratified for the four 25(OH)D(3) categories, the activation status by 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) differed significantly depending on the genotypes of the investigated CYP24A1 polymorphisms. CONCLUSIONS A higher risk for DTC is conferred by haplotypes within the CYP24A1 gene, low circulating 25(OH)D(3) levels (deficiency), and a reduced conversion to 1,25(OH)(2)D(3). These results confirm and extend previous observations and also support a role of the vitamin D system in the pathogenesis of DTC. How deficient 25(OH)D(3) levels in combination with certain CYP24A1 haplotypes affect vitamin D activation is the subject of future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marissa Penna-Martinez
- Department of Internal Medicine I (Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism), University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Elizabeth Ramos-Lopez
- Department of Internal Medicine I (Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism), University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Julienne Stern
- Department of Internal Medicine I (Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism), University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Heinrich Kahles
- Department of Internal Medicine I (Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism), University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Nora Hinsch
- Senckenberg Institute for Pathology, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Martin-Leo Hansmann
- Senckenberg Institute for Pathology, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Ivan Selkinski
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Frank Grünwald
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | | | - Wolf O. Bechstein
- Department of Surgery, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Stefan Zeuzem
- Department of Internal Medicine I (Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism), University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Katharina Holzer
- Department of Surgery, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Klaus Badenhoop
- Department of Internal Medicine I (Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism), University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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Richter D, Harsch S, Strohmeyer A, Hirobe-Jahn S, Schimmel S, Renner O, Müller O, Schäffeler E, Kratzer W, Schwab M, Stange EF. MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry screening of cholelithiasis risk markers in the gene of HNF1alpha. J Proteomics 2012; 75:3386-99. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2012.04.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2011] [Revised: 04/23/2012] [Accepted: 04/24/2012] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Zeljic K, Supic G, Stamenkovic Radak M, Jovic N, Kozomara R, Magic Z. Vitamin D receptor, CYP27B1 and CYP24A1 genes polymorphisms association with oral cancer risk and survival. J Oral Pathol Med 2012; 41:779-87. [PMID: 22612324 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0714.2012.01164.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetic polymorphisms of vitamin D receptor gene (VDR) and genes involved in vitamin D metabolism pathway, CYP27B1 and CYP24B1, may affect individual susceptibility to oral squamous cell carcinoma. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the associations between VDR, CYP27B1 and CYP24A1 gene polymorphisms with oral cancer risk and survival. METHODS Study cohort consisted of 110 patients with oral cancer and 122 healthy controls. The genotypes of the analysed genes were determined by PCR-RFLP or real-time PCR method. RESULTS The significant decrease of oral cancer risk was observed in individuals with heterozygote genotype of CYP24A1 gene (rs2296241) (odds ratio 0.281, P = 0.000) in comparison with wild type. Patients with VDR FokI ff wild type genotype had significantly worse overall survival (P = 0.012, log rank) compared with heterozygous and mutated genotype combined. A stratified analysis by the lymph node involvement and tumour stage showed that ff is associated with poor survival in groups with and without lymph node involvement (P = 0.025, P = 0.040, respectively) and in stage III tumours (P = 0.026). Multivariate Cox's regression analysis revealed that VDR FokI could be considered an independent prognostic factor. CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that CYP24A1 gene polymorphism might have an influence on the susceptibility to oral cancer. VDR FokI polymorphism was associated with worse survival and could be considered as an independent prognostic marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarina Zeljic
- Institute for Medical Research, Military Medical Academy, Belgrade, Serbia
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Differential gene expression between African American and European American colorectal cancer patients. PLoS One 2012; 7:e30168. [PMID: 22276153 PMCID: PMC3261881 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0030168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2011] [Accepted: 12/15/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence and mortality of colorectal cancer (CRC) is higher in African Americans (AAs) than other ethnic groups in the U. S., but reasons for the disparities are unknown. We performed gene expression profiling of sporadic CRCs from AAs vs. European Americans (EAs) to assess the contribution to CRC disparities. We evaluated the gene expression of 43 AA and 43 EA CRC tumors matched by stage and 40 matching normal colorectal tissues using the Agilent human whole genome 4x44K cDNA arrays. Gene and pathway analyses were performed using Significance Analysis of Microarrays (SAM), Ten-fold cross validation, and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA). SAM revealed that 95 genes were differentially expressed between AA and EA patients at a false discovery rate of ≤5%. Using IPA we determined that most prominent disease and pathway associations of differentially expressed genes were related to inflammation and immune response. Ten-fold cross validation demonstrated that following 10 genes can predict ethnicity with an accuracy of 94%: CRYBB2, PSPH, ADAL, VSIG10L, C17orf81, ANKRD36B, ZNF835, ARHGAP6, TRNT1 and WDR8. Expression of these 10 genes was validated by qRT-PCR in an independent test set of 28 patients (10 AA, 18 EA). Our results are the first to implicate differential gene expression in CRC racial disparities and indicate prominent difference in CRC inflammation between AA and EA patients. Differences in susceptibility to inflammation support the existence of distinct tumor microenvironments in these two patient populations.
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Pike JW, Meyer MB. Regulation of mouse Cyp24a1 expression via promoter-proximal and downstream-distal enhancers highlights new concepts of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) action. Arch Biochem Biophys 2011; 523:2-8. [PMID: 22179019 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2011.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2011] [Revised: 11/29/2011] [Accepted: 12/02/2011] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
CYP24A1 functions in vitamin D target tissues to degrade 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) (1,25(OH)(2)D(3)). Thus, the concentration of this enzyme and the regulation of its expression is a primary determinant of the overall biological activity of 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) within cells. The principle regulator of CYP24A1 expression is 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) itself, which functions through the vitamin D receptor to upregulate the transcriptional activity of the Cyp24a1 gene. In this report, we explore the mechanism of this regulation using recently developed ChIP-chip and ChIP-seq techniques that permit an unbiased search for enhancer elements that participate in this transcriptional control. Our studies both confirm a regulatory region defined earlier and located proximal to the transcriptional start site (TSS) of mouse Cyp24a1 (-160 and -265nt) and identify a novel intergenic region located downstream of the transcription unit that contains two enhancers (+35 and +37kb) that facilitate 1,25(OH)(2)D(3)-dependent upregulation of Cyp24a1 expression. Interestingly, while C/EBPβ also binds under basal conditions to a site located immediately upstream of the Cyp24a1 promoter (-345nt), occupancy by this factor is strikingly increased following 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) treatment. The locations and activities of these regulatory regions that mediate 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) actions were confirmed in mice in vivo. We conclude that the mechanism through which 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) induces the CYP24A1 enzyme, thereby autoregulating its own destruction, involves both promoter-proximal as well as downstream-distal enhancers. These findings highlight new concepts regarding the molecular mechanism of action of 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) and other hormonal regulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Wesley Pike
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
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31
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Donkena KV, Young CYF. Vitamin d, sunlight and prostate cancer risk. Adv Prev Med 2011; 2011:281863. [PMID: 21991434 PMCID: PMC3170721 DOI: 10.4061/2011/281863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2011] [Accepted: 04/08/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the second common cancer in men worldwide. The prevention of prostate cancer remains a challenge to researchers and clinicians. Here, we review the relationship of vitamin D and sunlight to prostate cancer risk. Ultraviolet radiation of the sunlight is the main stimulator for vitamin D production in humans. Vitamin D's antiprostate cancer activities may be involved in the actions through the pathways mediated by vitamin D metabolites, vitamin D metabolizing enzymes, vitamin D receptor (VDR), and VDR-regulated genes. Although laboratory studies including the use of animal models have shown that vitamin D has antiprostate cancer properties, whether it can effectively prevent the development and/or progression of prostate cancer in humans remains to be inconclusive and an intensively studied subject. This review will provide up-to-date information regarding the recent outcomes of laboratory and epidemiology studies on the effects of vitamin D on prostate cancer prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishna Vanaja Donkena
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Charles Y. F. Young
- Departments of Urology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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Prostate cancer susceptibility Loci identified on chromosome 12 in African Americans. PLoS One 2011; 6:e16044. [PMID: 21358824 PMCID: PMC3040176 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0016044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2010] [Accepted: 12/06/2010] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is a complex disease that disproportionately affects African Americans and other individuals of African descent. A number of regions across the genome have been associated to PCa, most of them with moderate effects. A few studies have reported chromosomal changes on 12p and 12q that occur during the onset and development of PCa but to date no consistent association of the disease with chromosome 12 polymorphic variation has been identified. In order to unravel genetic risk factors that underlie PCa health disparities we investigated chromosome 12 using ancestry informative markers (AIMs), which allow us to distinguish genomic regions of European or West African origin, and tested them for association with PCa. Additional SNPs were genotyped in those areas where significant signals of association were detected. The strongest signal was discovered at the SNP rs12827748, located upstream of the PAWR gene, a tumor suppressor, which is amply expressed in the prostate. The most frequent allele in Europeans was the risk allele among African Americans. We also examined vitamin D related genes, VDR and CYP27B1, and found a significant association of PCa with the TaqI polymorphism (rs731236) in the former. Although our results warrant further investigation we have uncovered a genetic susceptibility factor for PCa in a likely candidate by means of an approach that takes advantage of the differential contribution of parental groups to an admixed population.
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Holt SK, Kwon EM, Koopmeiners JS, Lin DW, Feng Z, Ostrander EA, Peters U, Stanford JL. Vitamin D pathway gene variants and prostate cancer prognosis. Prostate 2010; 70:1448-60. [PMID: 20687218 PMCID: PMC2927712 DOI: 10.1002/pros.21180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Observational studies linking vitamin D deficiency with increased prostate cancer (PCa) mortality and the pleiotropic anticancer effects of vitamin D in malignant prostate cell lines have initiated trials examining potential therapeutic benefits of vitamin D metabolites. There have been some successes but efforts have been hindered by risk of inducing hypercalcemia. A limited number of studies have investigated associations between variants in vitamin D pathway genes with aggressive forms of PCa. Increased understanding of relevant germline genetic variation with disease outcome could aid in the development of vitamin-D-based therapies. METHODS We undertook a comprehensive analysis of 48 tagging single-nucleotide polymorphisms (tagSNPs) in genes encoding for vitamin D receptor (VDR), vitamin D activating enzyme 1-alpha-hydroxylase (CYP27B1), and deactivating enzyme 24-hydroxylase (CYP24A1) in a cohort of 1,294 Caucasian cases with an average of 8 years of follow-up. Disease recurrence/progression and PCa-specific mortality risks were estimated using adjusted Cox proportional hazards regression. RESULTS There were 139 cases with recurrence/progression events and 57 cases who died of PCa. Significantly altered risks of recurrence/progression were observed in relation to genotype for two VDR tagSNPs (rs6823 and rs2071358) and two CYP24A1 tagSNPs (rs927650 and rs2762939). Three VDR tagSNPs (rs3782905, rs7299460, and rs11168314), one CYP27B1 tagSNP (rs3782130), and five CYP24A1 tagSNPs (rs3787557, rs4809960, rs2296241, rs2585428, and rs6022999) significantly altered risks of PCa death. CONCLUSIONS Genetic variations in vitamin D pathway genes were found to alter both risk of recurrence/progression and PCa-specific mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah K Holt
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA.
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Jasperson KW, Tuohy TM, Neklason DW, Burt RW. Hereditary and familial colon cancer. Gastroenterology 2010; 138:2044-58. [PMID: 20420945 PMCID: PMC3057468 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2010.01.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 770] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2009] [Revised: 01/04/2010] [Accepted: 01/11/2010] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Between 2% to 5% of all colon cancers arise in the setting of well-defined inherited syndromes, including Lynch syndrome, familial adenomatous polyposis, MUTYH-associated polyposis, and certain hamartomatous polyposis conditions. Each is associated with a high risk of colon cancer. In addition to the syndromes, up to one-third of colon cancers exhibit increased familial risk, likely related to inheritance. A number of less penetrant, but possibly more frequent susceptibility genes have been identified for this level of inheritance. Clarification of predisposing genes allows for accurate risk assessment and more precise screening approaches. This review examines the colon cancer syndromes, their genetics and management, and also the common familial colon cancers with current genetic advances and screening guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kory W. Jasperson
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Thérèse M. Tuohy
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Deborah W. Neklason
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA, Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Randall W. Burt
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA, Department of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
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McCullough ML, Bostick RM, Mayo TL. Vitamin D Gene Pathway Polymorphisms and Risk of Colorectal, Breast, and Prostate Cancer. Annu Rev Nutr 2009; 29:111-32. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-nutr-080508-141248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Roberd M. Bostick
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
| | - Tinisha L. Mayo
- Department of Epidemiology, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia 30303
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