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Younes M, Aquilina G, Castle L, Degen G, Engel K, Fowler PJ, Frutos Fernandez MJ, Fürst P, Gundert‐Remy U, Gürtler R, Husøy T, Manco M, Moldeus P, Passamonti S, Shah R, Waalkens‐Berendsen I, Wright M, Benigni R, Bolognesi C, Chipman K, Cordelli E, Nørby K, Svendsen C, Carfí M, Dino B, Gagliardi G, Mech A, Multari S, Mennes W. Flavouring Group Evaluation 413 (FGE.413): Naringenin. EFSA J 2024; 22:e8747. [PMID: 38751504 PMCID: PMC11094580 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2024.8747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
The EFSA Panel on Food Additives and Flavourings (FAF) was requested to evaluate the safety of naringenin [FL-no: 16.132] as a new flavouring substance, in accordance with Regulation (EC) No 1331/2008. No other substances with sufficient structural similarity have been identified in existing FGEs that could be used to support a read-across approach. The information provided on the manufacturing process, the composition and the stability of [FL-no: 16.132] was considered sufficient. From studies carried out with naringenin, the Panel concluded that there is no concern with respect to genotoxicity. The use of naringenin as a flavouring substance at added portions exposure technique (APET) exposure levels is unlikely to pose a risk for drug interaction. For the toxicological evaluation of naringenin, the Panel requested an extended one-generation toxicity study on naringenin, in line with the requirements of the Procedure and to investigate the consequence of a possible endocrine-disrupting activity. The Panel considered that changes in thymus weight, litter size, post-implantation loss and a consistent reduced pup weight in the high-dose F2 generation could not be dismissed and selected therefore, the mid-dose of 1320 mg/kg body weight (bw) per day for the parental males as the no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) of the study. The exposure estimates for [FL-no: 16.132] (31,500 and 50,000 μg/person per day for children and adults, respectively) were above the threshold of toxicological of concern (TTC) for its structural class (III). Using the NOAEL of 1320 mg/kg bw per day at step A4 of the procedure, margins of exposure (MoE) of 1590 and 630 could be calculated for adults and children, respectively. Based on the calculated MoEs, the Panel concluded that the use of naringenin as a flavouring substance does not raise a safety concern.
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The Potent Phytoestrogen 8-Prenylnaringenin: A Friend or a Foe? Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23063168. [PMID: 35328588 PMCID: PMC8953904 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
8-prenylnaringenin (8-PN) is a prenylated flavonoid, occurring, in particular, in hop, but also in other plants. It has proven to be one of the most potent phytoestrogens in vitro known to date, and in the past 20 years, research has unveiled new effects triggered by it in biological systems. These findings have aroused the hopes, expectations, and enthusiasm of a “wonder-drug” for a host of human diseases. However, the majority of 8-PN effects require such high concentrations that they cannot be reached by normal dietary exposure, only pharmacologically; thus, adverse impacts may also emerge. Here, we provide a comprehensive and up-to-date review on this fascinating compound, with special reference to the range of beneficial and untoward health consequences that may ensue from exposure to it.
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Donau J, Luo H, Virta I, Skupin A, Pushina M, Loeffler J, Haertel FV, Das A, Kurth T, Gerlach M, Lindemann D, Reinach PS, Mergler S, Valtink M. TRPV4 Stimulation Level Regulates Ca2+-Dependent Control of Human Corneal Endothelial Cell Viability and Survival. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:membranes12030281. [PMID: 35323756 PMCID: PMC8952823 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12030281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The functional contribution of transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) expression in maintaining human corneal endothelial cells (HCEC) homeostasis is unclear. Accordingly, we determined the effects of TRPV4 gene and protein overexpression on responses modulating the viability and survival of HCEC. Q-PCR, Western blot, FACS analyses and fluorescence single-cell calcium imaging confirmed TRPV4 gene and protein overexpression in lentivirally transduced 12V4 cells derived from their parent HCEC-12 line. Although TRPV4 overexpression did not alter the baseline transendothelial electrical resistance (TEER), its cellular capacitance (Ccl) was larger than that in its parent. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that only the 12V4 cells developed densely packed villus-like protrusions. Stimulation of TRPV4 activity with GSK1016790A (GSK101, 10 µmol/L) induced larger Ca2+ transients in the 12V4 cells than those in the parental HCEC-12. One to ten nmol/L GSK101 decreased 12V4 viability, increased cell death rates and reduced the TEER, whereas 1 µmol/L GSK101 was required to induce similar effects in the HCEC-12. However, the TRPV4 channel blocker RN1734 (1 to 30 µmol/L) failed to alter HCEC-12 and 12V4 morphology, cell viability and metabolic activity. Taken together, TRPV4 overexpression altered both the HCEC morphology and markedly lowered the GSK101 dosages required to stimulate its channel activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Donau
- Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (J.D.); (A.S.); (M.P.); (J.L.)
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Virology, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany;
| | - Huan Luo
- Klinik für Augenheilkunde, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 13353 Berlin, Germany; (H.L.); (I.V.)
| | - Iiris Virta
- Klinik für Augenheilkunde, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 13353 Berlin, Germany; (H.L.); (I.V.)
| | - Annett Skupin
- Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (J.D.); (A.S.); (M.P.); (J.L.)
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Virology, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany;
| | - Margarita Pushina
- Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (J.D.); (A.S.); (M.P.); (J.L.)
| | - Jana Loeffler
- Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (J.D.); (A.S.); (M.P.); (J.L.)
| | - Frauke V. Haertel
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany;
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany;
| | - Anupam Das
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany;
| | - Thomas Kurth
- Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering (CMCB), Technology Platform, TU Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany;
| | - Michael Gerlach
- Core Facility Cellular Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany;
| | - Dirk Lindemann
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Virology, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany;
| | - Peter S. Reinach
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China;
| | - Stefan Mergler
- Klinik für Augenheilkunde, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 13353 Berlin, Germany; (H.L.); (I.V.)
- Correspondence: (S.M.); (M.V.)
| | - Monika Valtink
- Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (J.D.); (A.S.); (M.P.); (J.L.)
- Equality and Diversity Unit, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
- Correspondence: (S.M.); (M.V.)
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Wang Y, Wu H, Chen P, Su W, Peng W, Li P. Fertility and early embryonic development toxicity assessment of naringin in Sprague-Dawley rats. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2021; 123:104938. [PMID: 33933549 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2021.104938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Naringin is a dihydroflavonoid abundantly existed in grapefruit and related citrus species. The double directional adjusting function of estrogenic and anti-estrogenic activities of naringin and its aglycone naringenin has raised concern about possible risks of unwanted interference with endocrine regulation. Herein we assessed the safety of naringin on fertility and early embryonic development toxicity in Sprague-Dawley rats. Twenty-two male and 22 female rats per group were orally given naringin at 0, 50, 250, and 1250 mg/kg/day. Male rats were administered beginning 9 weeks prior to mating and continued until necropsy. Dosing to female began 2 weeks before mating and continued until gestation day 7. There were no obvious effects of naringin on physical signs, animal behavior, and survival rate, although female and male rats from 1250 mg/kg group had lower body weight and tended to have less food consumption. Importantly, no treatment-related effects of naringin were found in relation to fertility and early embryonic development. Under these experimental conditions, it was concluded that the no-observed-adverse-effect levels (NOAEL) of naringin were at least 1250 mg/kg/day for fertility and early embryonic development in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonggang Wang
- Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Quality and Efficacy Re-evaluation of Post-marketed TCM, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, PR China
| | - Hao Wu
- Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Quality and Efficacy Re-evaluation of Post-marketed TCM, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, PR China
| | - Pan Chen
- Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Quality and Efficacy Re-evaluation of Post-marketed TCM, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, PR China
| | - Weiwei Su
- Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Quality and Efficacy Re-evaluation of Post-marketed TCM, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, PR China
| | - Wei Peng
- Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Quality and Efficacy Re-evaluation of Post-marketed TCM, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, PR China
| | - Peibo Li
- Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Quality and Efficacy Re-evaluation of Post-marketed TCM, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, PR China.
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Kapplusch F, Schulze F, Rabe-Matschewsky S, Russ S, Herbig M, Heymann MC, Schoepf K, Stein R, Range U, Rösen-Wolff A, Winkler S, Hedrich CM, Guck J, Hofmann SR. CASP1 variants influence subcellular caspase-1 localization, pyroptosome formation, pro-inflammatory cell death and macrophage deformability. Clin Immunol 2019; 208:108232. [PMID: 31252176 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2019.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
CASP1 variants result in reduced enzymatic activity of procaspase-1 and impaired IL-1β release. Despite this, affected individuals can develop systemic autoinflammatory disease. These seemingly contradictory observations have only partially been explained by increased NF-κB activation through prolonged interaction of variant procaspase-1 with RIP2. To identify further disease underlying pathomechanisms, we established an in vitro model using shRNA-directed knock-down of procaspase-1 followed by viral transduction of human monocytes (THP-1) with plasmids encoding for wild-type procaspase-1, disease-associated CASP1 variants (p.L265S, p.R240Q) or a missense mutation in the active center of procaspase-1 (p.C285A). THP1-derived macrophages carrying CASP1 variants exhibited mutation-specific molecular alterations. We here provide in vitro evidence for abnormal pyroptosome formation (p.C285A, p.240Q, p.L265S), impaired nuclear (pro)caspase-1 localization (p.L265S), reduced pro-inflammatory cell death (p.C285A) and changes in macrophage deformability that may contribute to disease pathophysiology of patients with CASP1 variants. This offers previously unknown molecular pathomechanisms in patients with systemic autoinflammatory disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franz Kapplusch
- Department of Pediatrics, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Department of Women's & Children's Health, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Felix Schulze
- Department of Pediatrics, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Sabrina Rabe-Matschewsky
- Department of Pediatrics, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Susanne Russ
- Department of Pediatrics, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Maik Herbig
- Biotechnology Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael Christian Heymann
- Department of Pediatrics, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Katharina Schoepf
- Department of Pediatrics, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Robert Stein
- Department of Pediatrics, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ursula Range
- Institute for Medical Informatics and Biometry, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Angela Rösen-Wolff
- Department of Pediatrics, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Stefan Winkler
- Department of Pediatrics, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Christian Michael Hedrich
- Department of Pediatrics, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Department of Women's & Children's Health, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK; Department of Paediatric Rheumatology, Alder Hey Children's NHS Foundation Trust Hospital, Liverpool, UK
| | - Jochen Guck
- Biotechnology Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Sigrun Ruth Hofmann
- Department of Pediatrics, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
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Adhesion- and stress-related adaptation of glioma radiochemoresistance is circumvented by β1 integrin/JNK co-targeting. Oncotarget 2018; 8:49224-49237. [PMID: 28514757 PMCID: PMC5564763 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Resistance of cancer stem-like and cancer tumor bulk cells to radiochemotherapy and destructive infiltration of the brain fundamentally influence the treatment efficiency to cure of patients suffering from Glioblastoma (GBM). The interplay of adhesion and stress-related signaling and activation of bypass cascades that counteract therapeutic approaches remain to be identified in GBM cells. We here show that combined inhibition of the adhesion receptor β1 integrin and the stress-mediator c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) induces radiosensitization and blocks invasion in stem-like and patient-derived GBM cultures as well as in GBM cell lines. In vivo, this treatment approach not only significantly delays tumor growth but also increases median survival of orthotopic, radiochemotherapy-treated GBM mice. Both, in vitro and in vivo, effects seen with β1 integrin/JNK co-inhibition are superior to the monotherapy. Mechanistically, the in vitro radiosensitization provoked by β1 integrin/JNK targeting is caused by defective DNA repair associated with chromatin changes, enhanced ATM phosphorylation and prolonged G2/M cell cycle arrest. Our findings identify a β1 integrin/JNK co-dependent bypass signaling for GBM therapy resistance, which might be therapeutically exploitable.
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7
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Kristina Parr M, Müller-Schöll A. Pharmacology of doping agents—mechanisms promoting muscle hypertrophy. AIMS MOLECULAR SCIENCE 2018. [DOI: 10.3934/molsci.2018.2.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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Dunlap TL, Howell CE, Mukand N, Chen SN, Pauli GF, Dietz BM, Bolton JL. Red Clover Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor (AhR) and Estrogen Receptor (ER) Agonists Enhance Genotoxic Estrogen Metabolism. Chem Res Toxicol 2017; 30:2084-2092. [PMID: 28985473 PMCID: PMC5698877 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.7b00237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Many
women consider botanical dietary supplements (BDSs) as safe
alternatives to hormone therapy for menopausal symptoms. However,
the effect of BDSs on breast cancer risk is largely unknown. In the
estrogen chemical carcinogenesis pathway, P450 1B1 metabolizes estrogens
to 4-hydroxylated catechols, which are oxidized to genotoxic quinones
that initiate and promote breast cancer. In contrast, P450 1A1 catalyzed
2-hydroxylation represents a detoxification pathway. The current study
evaluated the effects of red clover, a popular BDS used for women’s
health, and its isoflavones, biochanin A (BA), formononetin (FN),
genistein (GN), and daidzein (DZ), on estrogen metabolism. The methoxy
estrogen metabolites (2-MeOE1, 4-MeOE1) were
measured by LC-MS/MS, and CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 gene expression was analyzed
by qPCR. Nonmalignant ER-negative breast epithelial cells (MCF-10A)
and ER-positive breast cancer cells (MCF-7) were derived from normal
breast epithelial tissue and ER+ breast cancer tissue. Red clover
extract (RCE, 10 μg/mL) and isoflavones had no effect on estrogen
metabolism in MCF-10A cells. However, in MCF-7 cells, RCE treatments
downregulated CYP1A1 expression and enhanced genotoxic metabolism
(4-MeOE1/CYP1B1 > 2-MeOE1/CYP1A1). Experiments
with the isoflavones showed that the AhR agonists (BA, FN) preferentially
induced CYP1B1 expression as well as 4-MeOE1. In contrast,
the ER agonists (GN, DZ) downregulated CYP1A1 expression likely through
an epigenetic mechanism. Finally, the ER antagonist ICI 182,780 potentiated
isoflavone-induced XRE-luciferase reporter activity and reversed GN
and DZ induced downregulation of CYP1A1 expression. Overall, these
studies show that red clover and its isoflavones have differential
effects on estrogen metabolism in “normal” vs breast
cancer cells. In breast cancer cells, the AhR agonists stimulate genotoxic
metabolism, and the ER agonists downregulate the detoxification pathway.
These data may suggest that especially breast cancer patients should
avoid red clover and isoflavone based BDSs when making choices for
menopausal symptom relief.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tareisha L Dunlap
- UIC/NIH Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago , 833 S. Wood Street, Chicago, Illinois 60612-7231, United States
| | - Caitlin E Howell
- UIC/NIH Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago , 833 S. Wood Street, Chicago, Illinois 60612-7231, United States
| | - Nita Mukand
- UIC/NIH Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago , 833 S. Wood Street, Chicago, Illinois 60612-7231, United States
| | - Shao-Nong Chen
- UIC/NIH Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago , 833 S. Wood Street, Chicago, Illinois 60612-7231, United States
| | - Guido F Pauli
- UIC/NIH Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago , 833 S. Wood Street, Chicago, Illinois 60612-7231, United States
| | - Birgit M Dietz
- UIC/NIH Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago , 833 S. Wood Street, Chicago, Illinois 60612-7231, United States
| | - Judy L Bolton
- UIC/NIH Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago , 833 S. Wood Street, Chicago, Illinois 60612-7231, United States
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Zhang N, Hu Z, Zhang Z, Liu G, Wang Y, Ren Y, Wu X, Geng F. Protective Role Of Naringenin Against Aβ 25-35-Caused Damage via ER and PI3K/Akt-Mediated Pathways. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2017; 38:549-557. [PMID: 28699113 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-017-0519-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Senile plaque accumulation and neurofibrillary tangles are primary characteristics of Alzheimer's disease. We aimed to assess the protective functions of naringenin against β-amyloid protein fragment 25-35 (Aβ25-35)-caused nerve damage in differentiated PC12 cells, and study the potential mechanisms. We evaluated cell viability and apoptosis using the 3-(4, 5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) test and flow cytometry, respectively. Moreover, we measured protein kinase B (Akt), glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β), and caspase-3 activity via western blotting and RT-PCR. We found that naringenin protected cell against Aβ25-35-caused nerve damage by increasing cell viability, promoting Akt and GSK3β activation, and inhibiting cell apoptosis and caspase-3 activity. However, treatment with the estrogen receptor (ER) antagonist ICI182, 780 or phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor LY294002 suppressed the effects of naringenin. Our results suggested that naringenin could effectively suppress Aβ25-35-caused nerve damage in PC12 cells by regulating the ER and PI3K/Akt pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Zhang
- College of Jiamusi, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Zhonghua Hu
- College of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Zhibo Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Guoliang Liu
- College of Jiamusi, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yeqiu Wang
- College of Jiamusi, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yandong Ren
- College of Jiamusi, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xiuhong Wu
- College of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China.
| | - Fang Geng
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China.
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10
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Helle J, Keiler AM, Zierau O, Dörfelt P, Vollmer G, Lehmann L, Chittur SV, Tenniswood M, Welsh J, Kretzschmar G. Effects of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonist 3-methylcholanthrene on the 17β-estradiol regulated mRNA transcriptome of the rat uterus. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2017; 171:133-143. [PMID: 28285017 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2017.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Revised: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are products of incomplete combustion of organic compounds, abundant in exhaust fumes and cigarette smoke. They act by binding to the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) which induces expression of phase 1 and phase 2 enzymes in the liver. PAH induced AHR activation may also lead to adverse effects by modulating other pathways, for example estrogen receptor (ER) signaling in the female reproductive tract. We have investigated the effects of the PAH 3-methylcholanthrene (3-MC) on 17β-estradiol (E2) dependent signaling in the uterus of ovariectomized rats to characterize the cross talk between AHR and ER on an mRNA transcriptome wide scale. A standard three day uterotrophic assay was performed in young adult Lewis rats. Treatment induced effects were analyzed using histology, immunohistochemistry and gene expression analysis by microarray and qPCR. 3-MC shows broad E2 antagonistic effects on uterine mRNA transcription of the vast majority of E2 regulated genes, significantly altering prostaglandin biosynthesis, complement activation, coagulation pathways and other inflammatory response pathways. The regulation of ER expression in the uterus, but not the regulation of E2 metabolism in the liver, was identified as a potentially important factor in mediating this general antiestrogenic effect. The regulation of prostaglandin biosynthesis by E2 is important for inflammation-like events during pregnancy including the initiation of birth. Our results suggest that adverse effects of PAHs on prostaglandin related pathways are likely caused by the interference with E2 signaling, specifically by inhibiting the E2 mediated downregulation of PGF2α. Characterization of the generalized antagonistic effect of 3-MC on E2 dependent signaling in the rat uterus thus contributes to a better understanding of molecular mechanisms of the toxicity of PAHs in female reproductive organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janina Helle
- Institute of Zoology, Molecular Cell Physiology and Endocrinology, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Annekathrin M Keiler
- Institute of Zoology, Molecular Cell Physiology and Endocrinology, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Oliver Zierau
- Institute of Zoology, Molecular Cell Physiology and Endocrinology, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Peggy Dörfelt
- Institute of Zoology, Molecular Cell Physiology and Endocrinology, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Günter Vollmer
- Institute of Zoology, Molecular Cell Physiology and Endocrinology, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Leane Lehmann
- Institute of Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, Universität Würzburg, 97070 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Sridar V Chittur
- Cancer Research Center and Department of Biomedical Sciences, University at Albany, NY 12144-2345, United States
| | - Martin Tenniswood
- Cancer Research Center and Department of Biomedical Sciences, University at Albany, NY 12144-2345, United States
| | - JoEllen Welsh
- Cancer Research Center and Department of Biomedical Sciences, University at Albany, NY 12144-2345, United States
| | - Georg Kretzschmar
- Institute of Zoology, Molecular Cell Physiology and Endocrinology, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany.
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11
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Procházková T, Sychrová E, Javůrková B, Večerková J, Kohoutek J, Lepšová-Skácelová O, Bláha L, Hilscherová K. Phytoestrogens and sterols in waters with cyanobacterial blooms - Analytical methods and estrogenic potencies. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 170:104-112. [PMID: 27974267 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Revised: 11/27/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Compounds with estrogenic potencies and their adverse effects in surface waters have received much attention. Both anthropogenic and natural compounds contribute to overall estrogenic activity in freshwaters. Recently, estrogenic potencies were also found to be associated with cyanobacteria and their blooms in surface waters. The present study developed and compared the solid phase extraction and LC-MS/MS analytical approaches for determination of phytoestrogens (8 flavonoids - biochanin A, coumestrol, daidzein, equol, formononetin, genistein, naringenin, apigenin - and 5 sterols - ergosterol, β-sitosterol, stigmasterol, campesterol, brassicasterol) and cholesterol in water. The method was used for analyses of samples collected in stagnant water bodies dominated by different cyanobacterial species. Concentrations of individual flavonoids ranged from below the limit of detection to 3.58 ng/L. Sterols were present in higher amounts up to 2.25 μg/L. Biological potencies of these phytoestrogens in vitro were characterized using the hERα-HeLa-9903 cell line. The relative estrogenic potencies (compared to model estrogen - 17β-estradiol) of flavonoids ranged from 2.25E-05 to 1.26E-03 with coumestrol being the most potent. None of the sterols elicited estrogenic response in the used bioassay. Estrogenic activity was detected in collected field water samples (maximum effect corresponding to 2.07 ng/L of 17β-estradiol equivalents, transcriptional assay). At maximum phytoestrogens accounted for only 1.56 pg/L of 17β-estradiol equivalents, contributing maximally 8.5% of the total estrogenicity of the water samples. Other compounds therefore, most likely of anthropogenic origin such as steroid estrogens, are probably the major drivers of total estrogenic effects in these surface waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tereza Procházková
- RECETOX - Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment, Masaryk University, Faculty of Science, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Eliška Sychrová
- RECETOX - Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment, Masaryk University, Faculty of Science, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Barbora Javůrková
- RECETOX - Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment, Masaryk University, Faculty of Science, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslava Večerková
- RECETOX - Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment, Masaryk University, Faculty of Science, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Kohoutek
- RECETOX - Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment, Masaryk University, Faculty of Science, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Olga Lepšová-Skácelová
- Department of Botany, University of South Bohemia, Faculty of Science, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Luděk Bláha
- RECETOX - Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment, Masaryk University, Faculty of Science, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Klára Hilscherová
- RECETOX - Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment, Masaryk University, Faculty of Science, Brno, Czech Republic.
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12
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Engineering NK Cells Modified With an EGFRvIII-specific Chimeric Antigen Receptor to Overexpress CXCR4 Improves Immunotherapy of CXCL12/SDF-1α-secreting Glioblastoma. J Immunother 2016; 38:197-210. [PMID: 25962108 DOI: 10.1097/cji.0000000000000082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are promising effector cells for adjuvant immunotherapy of cancer. So far, several preclinical studies have shown the feasibility of gene-engineered NK cells, which upon expression of chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) are redirected to otherwise NK cell-resistant tumors. Yet, we reasoned that the efficiency of an immunotherapy using CAR-modified NK cells critically relies on efficient migration to the tumor site and might be improved by the engraftment of a receptor specific for a chemokine released by the tumor. On the basis of the DNAX-activation protein 12 (DAP12), a signaling adapter molecule involved in signal transduction of activating NK cell receptors, we constructed an epidermal growth factor variant III (EGFRvIII)-CAR, designated MR1.1-DAP12 which confers specific cytotoxicity of NK cell towards EGFRvIII glioblastoma cells in vitro and to established subcutaneous U87-MG tumor xenografts. So far, infusion of NK cells with expression of MR1.1-DAP12 caused a moderate but significantly delayed tumor growth and increased median survival time when compared with NK cells transduced with an ITAM-defective CAR. Notably, the further genetic engineering of these EGFRvIII-specific NK cells with the chemokine receptor CXCR4 conferred a specific chemotaxis to CXCL12/SDF-1α secreting U87-MG glioblastoma cells. Moreover, the administration of such NK cells resulted in complete tumor remission in a number of mice and a significantly increased survival when compared with the treatment of xenografts with NK cells expressing only the EGFRvIII-specific CAR or mock control. We conclude that chemokine receptor-engineered NK cells with concomitant expression of a tumor-specific CAR are a promising tool to improve adoptive tumor immunotherapy.
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13
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Heymann MC, Rabe S, Ruß S, Kapplusch F, Schulze F, Stein R, Winkler S, Hedrich CM, Rösen-Wolff A, Hofmann SR. Fluorescent tags influence the enzymatic activity and subcellular localization of procaspase-1. Clin Immunol 2015; 160:172-9. [PMID: 26025004 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2015.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Revised: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 05/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Subcellular localization studies and life cell imaging approaches usually benefit from fusion-reporter proteins, such as enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) and mCherry to the proteins of interest. However, such manipulations have several risks, including protein misfolding, altered protein shuttling, or functional impairment when compared to the wild-type proteins. Here, we demonstrate altered subcellular distribution and function of the pro-inflammatory enzyme procaspase-1 as a result of fusion with the reporter protein mCherry. Our observations are of central importance to further investigations of subcellular behavior and possible protein-protein interactions of naturally occurring genetic variants of human procaspase-1 which have recently been linked to autoinflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael C Heymann
- Department of Pediatrics, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Sabrina Rabe
- Department of Pediatrics, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Susanne Ruß
- Department of Pediatrics, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Franz Kapplusch
- Department of Pediatrics, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Felix Schulze
- Department of Pediatrics, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Robert Stein
- Department of Pediatrics, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Stefan Winkler
- Department of Pediatrics, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Christian M Hedrich
- Department of Pediatrics, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Angela Rösen-Wolff
- Department of Pediatrics, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Sigrun R Hofmann
- Department of Pediatrics, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
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14
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Töpfer K, Cartellieri M, Michen S, Wiedemuth R, Müller N, Lindemann D, Bachmann M, Füssel M, Schackert G, Temme A. DAP12-based activating chimeric antigen receptor for NK cell tumor immunotherapy. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 194:3201-12. [PMID: 25740942 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1400330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
NK cells are emerging as new effectors for immunotherapy of cancer. In particular, the genetic engraftment of chimeric Ag receptors (CARs) in NK cells is a promising strategy to redirect NK cells to otherwise NK cell-resistant tumor cells. On the basis of DNAX-activation protein 12 (DAP12), a signaling adaptor molecule involved in signal transduction of activating NK cell receptors, we generated a new type of CAR targeting the prostate stem cell Ag (PSCA). We demonstrate in this article that this CAR, designated anti-PSCA-DAP12, consisting of DAP12 fused to the anti-PSCA single-chain Ab fragment scFv(AM1) confers improved cytotoxicity to the NK cell line YTS against PSCA-positive tumor cells when compared with a CAR containing the CD3ζ signaling chain. Further analyses revealed phosphorylation of the DAP12-associated ZAP-70 kinase and IFN-γ release of CAR-engineered cells after contact with PSCA-positive target cells. YTS cells modified with DAP12 alone or with a CAR bearing a phosphorylation-defective ITAM were not activated. Notably, infused YTS cells armed with anti-PSCA-DAP12 caused delayed tumor xenograft growth and resulted in complete tumor eradication in a significant fraction of treated mice. The feasibility of the DAP12-based CAR was further tested in human primary NK cells and confers specific cytotoxicity against KIR/HLA-matched PSCA-positive tumor cells, which was further enhanced by KIR-HLA mismatches. We conclude that NK cells engineered with DAP12-based CARs are a promising tool for adoptive tumor immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Töpfer
- Section of Experimental Neurosurgery and Tumor Immunology, Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Marc Cartellieri
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Susanne Michen
- Section of Experimental Neurosurgery and Tumor Immunology, Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Ralf Wiedemuth
- Section of Experimental Neurosurgery and Tumor Immunology, Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Nadja Müller
- Section of Experimental Neurosurgery and Tumor Immunology, Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Dirk Lindemann
- Institute of Virology, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael Bachmann
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Monika Füssel
- DKMS Life Science Lab, GmbH, 01307 Dresden, Germany; and
| | - Gabriele Schackert
- Section of Experimental Neurosurgery and Tumor Immunology, Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Achim Temme
- Section of Experimental Neurosurgery and Tumor Immunology, Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), 01307 Dresden, Germany
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15
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Keiler AM, Dörfelt P, Chatterjee N, Helle J, Bader MI, Vollmer G, Kretzschmar G, Kuhlee F, Thieme D, Zierau O. Assessment of the effects of naringenin-type flavanones in uterus and vagina. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2015; 145:49-57. [PMID: 25305411 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2014.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2014] [Revised: 09/25/2014] [Accepted: 10/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The potential utilization of plant secondary metabolites possessing estrogenic properties as alternatives to the classical hormone replacement therapy (HRT) for the relief of postmenopausal complaints asks for an evaluation regarding the safety in reproductive organs. In order to contribute to the estimation of the safety profile of the flavanones naringenin (Nar), 8‑prenylnaringenin (8PN) and 6‑(1,1‑dimethylally) naringenin (6DMAN), we investigated uterus and vagina derived from a three‑day uterotrophic assay in rats. Also, we investigated the metabolite profile resulting from the incubation of the three substances with liver microsomes. While no metabolites were detectable for naringenin, hydroxylation products were observed for 8PN and 6DMAN after incubation with human as well as rat liver microsomes. The parent compound naringenin did not evoke any estrogenic responses in the investigated parameters. A significant increase of the uterine wet weight, uterine epithelial thickness and proliferating vaginal cells was observed in response to 8PN, questioning the safety of 8PN if applied in the human situation. In contrast, no estrogenic effects on the reproductive organs were observed for 6DMAN in the conducted study, rendering it the compound with a more promising safety profile, therefore justifying further investigations into its efficacy to alleviate postmenopausal discomforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annekathrin Martina Keiler
- Institute of Zoology, Molecular Cell Physiology and Endocrinology, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Peggy Dörfelt
- Institute of Zoology, Molecular Cell Physiology and Endocrinology, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Namita Chatterjee
- Cancer Research Center, Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Public Health, University at Albany, Rensselear, NY, USA
| | - Janina Helle
- Institute of Zoology, Molecular Cell Physiology and Endocrinology, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Manuela I Bader
- Institute of Zoology, Molecular Cell Physiology and Endocrinology, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Günter Vollmer
- Institute of Zoology, Molecular Cell Physiology and Endocrinology, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Georg Kretzschmar
- Institute of Zoology, Molecular Cell Physiology and Endocrinology, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Franziska Kuhlee
- Institute of Zoology, Molecular Cell Physiology and Endocrinology, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Detlef Thieme
- Institute of Doping Analysis and Sports Biochemistry (IDAS), Kreischa, Dresden, Germany
| | - Oliver Zierau
- Institute of Zoology, Molecular Cell Physiology and Endocrinology, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
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16
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Helle J, Kräker K, Bader MI, Keiler AM, Zierau O, Vollmer G, Welsh J, Kretzschmar G. Assessment of the proliferative capacity of the flavanones 8-prenylnaringenin, 6-(1.1-dimethylallyl)naringenin and naringenin in MCF-7 cells and the rat mammary gland. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2014; 392:125-35. [PMID: 24859648 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2014.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2014] [Revised: 04/09/2014] [Accepted: 05/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
8-Prenylnaringenin (8-PN) and naringenin (Nar) are phytoestrogens found in food items and nutritional supplements, while 6-(1.1-dimethylallyl)naringenin (6-DMAN) is a component of an African plant. Besides their assumed beneficial effects they may promote mammary and endometrial cancer. We therefore assessed their proliferative and estrogenic potential on the mammary gland in vitro and in vivo. In competitive estrogen receptor (ER) ligand binding assays 8-PN displayed a high relative binding affinity for both ERs with a preference for ERα and had the strongest mitotic effect on MCF-7 cells among the test substances. In a three day exposure in young adult ovariectomized female rats 15 mg/kg 8-PN had the highest capacity to increase the number of terminal end buds (TEB) in the mammary gland and stimulated expression of proliferation markers in epithelial ductal cells, followed by 6-DMAN and Nar, but overall their capacity to stimulate proliferation was weak in comparison to 17β-Estradiol (E2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Janina Helle
- Institute of Zoology, Technische Universität Dresden, Zellescher Weg 20b, 01062 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Kristin Kräker
- Institute of Zoology, Technische Universität Dresden, Zellescher Weg 20b, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Manuela I Bader
- Institute of Zoology, Technische Universität Dresden, Zellescher Weg 20b, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Annekathrin M Keiler
- Institute of Zoology, Technische Universität Dresden, Zellescher Weg 20b, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Oliver Zierau
- Institute of Zoology, Technische Universität Dresden, Zellescher Weg 20b, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Günter Vollmer
- Institute of Zoology, Technische Universität Dresden, Zellescher Weg 20b, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - JoEllen Welsh
- Gen(*)NY(*)Sis Center for Excellence in Cancer Genomics (Cancer Research Center), University at Albany, One Discovery Drive, Rensselaer, NY 12144-2345, United States
| | - Georg Kretzschmar
- Institute of Zoology, Technische Universität Dresden, Zellescher Weg 20b, 01062 Dresden, Germany
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17
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Efficient transient genetic manipulation in vitro and in vivo by prototype foamy virus-mediated nonviral RNA transfer. Mol Ther 2014; 22:1460-1471. [PMID: 24814152 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2014.82] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2014] [Accepted: 04/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Vector systems based on different retroviruses are widely used to achieve stable integration and expression of transgenes. More recently, transient genetic manipulation systems were developed that are based on integration- or reverse transcription-deficient retroviruses. Lack of viral genome integration is desirable not only for reducing tumorigenic potential but also for applications requiring transient transgene expression such as reprogramming or genome editing. However, all existing transient retroviral vector systems rely on virus-encoded encapsidation sequences for the transfer of heterologous genetic material. We discovered that the transient transgene expression observed in target cells transduced by reverse transcriptase-deficient foamy virus (FV) vectors is the consequence of subgenomic RNA encapsidation into FV particles. Based on this initial observation, we describe here the establishment of FV vectors that enable the efficient transient expression of various transgenes by packaging, transfer, and de novo translation of nonviral RNAs both in vitro and in vivo. Transient transgene expression levels were comparable to integrase-deficient vectors but, unlike the latter, declined to background levels within a few days. Our results show that this new FV vector system provides a useful, novel tool for efficient transient genetic manipulation of target tissues by transfer of nonviral RNAs.
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18
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Heymann MC, Winkler S, Luksch H, Flecks S, Franke M, Ruß S, Ozen S, Yilmaz E, Klein C, Kallinich T, Lindemann D, Brenner S, Ganser G, Roesler J, Rösen-Wolff A, Hofmann SR. Human procaspase-1 variants with decreased enzymatic activity are associated with febrile episodes and may contribute to inflammation via RIP2 and NF-κB signaling. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 192:4379-85. [PMID: 24706726 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1203524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The proinflammatory enzyme caspase-1 plays an important role in the innate immune system and is involved in a variety of inflammatory conditions. Rare naturally occurring human variants of the caspase-1 gene (CASP1) lead to different protein expression and structure and to decreased or absent enzymatic activity. Paradoxically, a significant number of patients with such variants suffer from febrile episodes despite decreased IL-1β production and secretion. In this study, we investigate how variant (pro)caspase-1 can possibly contribute to inflammation. In a transfection model, such variant procaspase-1 binds receptor interacting protein kinase 2 (RIP2) via Caspase activation and recruitment domain (CARD)/CARD interaction and thereby activates NF-κB, whereas wild-type procaspase-1 reduces intracellular RIP2 levels by enzymatic cleavage and release into the supernatant. We approach the protein interactions by coimmunoprecipitation and confocal microscopy and show that NF-κB activation is inhibited by anti-RIP2-short hairpin RNA and by the expression of a RIP2 CARD-only protein. In conclusion, variant procaspase-1 binds RIP2 and thereby activates NF-κB. This pathway could possibly contribute to proinflammatory signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael C Heymann
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin, Medizinische Fakultät der Technischen Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
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19
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Khattak S, Sandoval-Guzmán T, Stanke N, Protze S, Tanaka EM, Lindemann D. Foamy virus for efficient gene transfer in regeneration studies. BMC DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 2013; 13:17. [PMID: 23641815 PMCID: PMC3655922 DOI: 10.1186/1471-213x-13-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2012] [Accepted: 04/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Molecular studies of appendage regeneration have been hindered by the lack of a stable and efficient means of transferring exogenous genes. We therefore sought an efficient integrating virus system that could be used to study limb and tail regeneration in salamanders. RESULTS We show that replication-deficient foamy virus (FV) vectors efficiently transduce cells in two different regeneration models in cell culture and in vivo. Injection of EGFP-expressing FV but not lentivirus vector particles into regenerating limbs and tail resulted in widespread expression that persisted throughout regeneration and reamputation pointing to the utility of FV for analyzing adult phenotypes in non-mammalian models. Furthermore, tissue specific transgene expression is achieved using FV vectors during limb regeneration. CONCLUSIONS FV vectors are efficient mean of transferring genes into axolotl limb/tail and infection persists throughout regeneration and reamputation. This is a nontoxic method of delivering genes into axolotls in vivo/ in vitro and can potentially be applied to other salamander species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahryar Khattak
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Pfotenhauerstr 108, 01307 Dresden, Germany
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20
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Lukas SE, Penetar D, Su Z, Geaghan T, Maywalt M, Tracy M, Rodolico J, Palmer C, Ma Z, Lee DYW. A standardized kudzu extract (NPI-031) reduces alcohol consumption in nontreatment-seeking male heavy drinkers. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2013; 226:65-73. [PMID: 23070022 PMCID: PMC3562758 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-012-2884-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2012] [Accepted: 09/15/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We previously demonstrated that short-term treatment with a standardized kudzu extract (NPI-031) reduced alcohol drinking by men and women in a natural setting. The present study was conducted in nontreatment-seeking heavy drinkers to assess the safety and efficacy of 4 weeks of kudzu extract in an outpatient setting. METHOD This randomized between-subject, double-blind, placebo-controlled study involved 2 weeks of baseline, 4 weeks of treatment, and 2 weeks of follow-up. Seventeen men (21-33 years) who reported drinking 27.6 ± 6.5 drinks/week with a diagnosis of alcohol abuse/dependence took either kudzu extract (250 mg isoflavones, t.i.d.) or matched placebo on a daily basis. They reported alcohol consumption and desire to use alcohol using a wrist actigraphy device; twice weekly laboratory visits were scheduled to monitor medication adherence and adverse events. RESULTS Medication adherence was excellent and there were no adverse events and changes in vital signs, blood chemistry, and renal or liver function. There was no effect on alcohol craving, but kudzu extract significantly reduced the number of drinks consumed each week by 34-57 %, reduced the number of heavy drinking days, and significantly increased the percent of days abstinent and the number of consecutive days of abstinence. CONCLUSIONS A standardized formulation of kudzu extract produced minimal side effects, was well-tolerated, and resulted in a modest reduction in alcohol consumption in young nontreatment-seeking heavy drinkers. Additional studies using treatment-seeking alcohol-dependent persons will be necessary to determine the usefulness of this herbal preparation in reducing alcohol use in other populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott E Lukas
- Behavioral Psychopharmacology Research Laboratory/MIC, Mail Stop 319 McLean Hospital, 115 Mill Street, Belmont, MA 02478, USA.
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21
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Amer DAM, Jähne M, Weigt C, Kretzschmar G, Vollmer G. Effect of 17β-estradiol and flavonoids on the regulation of expression of newly identified oestrogen responsive genes in a rat raphe nuclei-derived cell line. J Cell Physiol 2012; 227:3434-45. [PMID: 22213181 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.24044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Due to the health risks attributed to perimenopausal hormone therapy, phytoestrogens such as flavonoids are receiving widespread attention to help alleviate menopausal symptoms, including hormone-driven mood disorders. Based on our previous reporter gene study regarding their transactivational activity in raphe nuclei cells from a brain region involved in regulation of mood disturbances, we herein study their effects on the regulation of expression of 17β-estradiol (E2)-regulated genes. DNA microarray was used to globally assess E2-induced gene expression in RNDA cells, a rat raphe nuclei-derived cellular model expressing oestrogen receptor β. Out of 212 regulated genes, six were selected for verification and as endpoints for the effect of flavonoids on the regulation of mRNA expression in proliferating as well as differentiating RNDA cells. Under proliferative conditions, E2 up-regulated mRNA expression of Cml-5, Sox-18 and Krt-19. Similar effects were observed in response to 8-prenylnaringenin (8-PN), genistein (GEN), daidzein (DAI) and equol (EQ). In line with E2, mRNA expression of Nefm and Zdhhc-2 was down-regulated following 8-PN, GEN, DAI, EQ and naringenin treatment. No regulation was observed on Slc6a4 mRNA expression in response to E2 or the flavonoids in proliferating RNDA cells. When cells were shifted to conditions promoting differentiation, changes in cell morphology, in mRNA expression levels and in responsiveness towards E2 and the tested flavonoids were noticed. These expression studies additionally highlighted some of the genes as markers for RNDA cellular differentiation. RNDA cells should prove useful to elucidate molecular and cellular mechanisms of exogenous oestrogen receptor ligands with neural cell populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dena A M Amer
- Department of Biology, Section of Molecular Cell Physiology and Endocrinology, Institute of Zoology, Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany.
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Prevention of disuse muscle atrophy by dietary ingestion of 8-prenylnaringenin in denervated mice. PLoS One 2012; 7:e45048. [PMID: 23028754 PMCID: PMC3446978 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0045048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2012] [Accepted: 08/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids have attracted considerable attention in relation to their effects upon health. 8-Prenylnaringenin (8-PN) is found in the common hop (Humulus lupulus) and assumed to be responsible for the health impact of beer consumption. We wanted to clarify the effects of prenylation on the physiological functions of dietary flavonoids by comparing the effects of 8-PN with that of intact naringenin in the prevention of disuse muscle atrophy using a model of denervation in mice. Consumption of 8-PN (but not naringenin) prevented loss of weight in the gastrocnemius muscle further supported by the lack of induction of the protein content of a key ubiquitin ligase involved in muscle atrophy, atrogin-1, and by the activation of Akt phosphorylation. 8-PN content in the gastrocnemius muscle was tenfold higher than that of naringenin. These results suggested that, compared with naringenin, 8-PN was effectively concentrated into skeletal muscle to exert its preventive effects upon disuse muscle atrophy. It is likely that prenylation generates novel functions for 8-PN by enhancing its accumulation into muscle tissue through dietary intake.
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Ho YP, Schnabel V, Swiersy A, Stirnnagel K, Lindemann D. A small-molecule-controlled system for efficient pseudotyping of prototype foamy virus vectors. Mol Ther 2012; 20:1167-76. [PMID: 22472951 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2012.61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Foamy virus (FV) vector systems have recently demonstrated their power as efficient gene transfer tools for different target tissues. Unfortunately, FVs cannot be naturally pseudotyped by heterologous viral glycoproteins due to an unusual particle morphogenesis involving a FV Env-dependent particle release process. Therefore, current FV vector systems are constrained to the broad host cell range provided by the cognate viral glycoprotein. We evaluated different approaches for pseudotyping of FV vectors, in which the specific FV Gag-Env interaction, essential for particle egress, is substituted by a small-molecule controlled heterodimerization (HD) system. In one system developed, one HD-domain (HDD) is fused to a membrane-targeting domain (MTD), such as the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) Gag matrix (MA) subunit, with a second fused to the FV capsid protein. Coexpression of both components with different heterologous viral glycoproteins allowed an efficient, dimerizer-dependent pseudotyping of FV capsids. With this system FV vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein (VSV-G) pseudotype titers greater than 1 × 10(6) IU/ml were obtained, at levels comparable to authentic FV vector particles. As a proof-of-principle we demonstrate that Pac2 cells, naturally resistant to FV vectors, become permissive to FV VSV-G pseudotypes. Similar to other retroviral vectors, this FV pseudotyping system now enables adaptation of cell-specific targeting approaches for FVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ping Ho
- Institut für Virologie, Medizinische Fakultät "Carl Gustav Carus", Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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Hemachandra LP, Madhubhani P, Chandrasena R, Esala P, Chen SN, Main M, Lankin DC, Scism RA, Dietz BM, Pauli GF, Thatcher GRJ, Bolton JL. Hops (Humulus lupulus) inhibits oxidative estrogen metabolism and estrogen-induced malignant transformation in human mammary epithelial cells (MCF-10A). Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2011; 5:73-81. [PMID: 21997247 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-11-0348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Long-term exposure to estrogens including those in traditional hormone replacement therapy (HRT) increases the risk of developing hormone-dependent cancers. As a result, women are turning to over-the-counter (OTC) botanical dietary supplements, such as black cohosh (Cimicifuga racemosa) and hops (Humulus lupulus), as natural alternatives to HRT. The two major mechanisms which likely contribute to estrogen and/or HRT cancer risk are: the estrogen receptor-mediated hormonal pathway; and the chemical carcinogenesis pathway involving formation of estrogen quinones that damage DNA and proteins, hence initiating and promoting carcinogenesis. Because, OTC botanical HRT alternatives are in widespread use, they may have the potential for chemopreventive effects on estrogen carcinogenic pathways in vivo. Therefore, the effect of OTC botanicals on estrogen-induced malignant transformation of MCF-10A cells was studied. Cytochrome P450 catalyzed hydroxylation of estradiol at the 4-position leads to an o-quinone believed to act as the proximal carcinogen. Liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry analysis of estradiol metabolites showed that 4-hydroxylation was inhibited by hops, whereas black cohosh was without effect. Estrogen-induced expression of CYP450 1B1 and CYP450 1A1 was attenuated by the hops extract. Two phenolic constituents of hops (xanthohumol, XH; 8-prenylnaringenin, 8-PN) were tested: 8-PN was a potent inhibitor, whereas XH had no effect. Finally, estrogen-induced malignant transformation of MCF-10A cells was observed to be significantly inhibited by hops (5 μg/mL) and 8-PN (50 nmol/L). These data suggest that hops extracts possess cancer chemopreventive activity through attenuation of estrogen metabolism mediated by 8-PN.
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Affiliation(s)
- L P Hemachandra
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S. Wood Street, Chicago, IL 60612-7231, USA
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Blake C, Fabick KM, Setchell KDR, Lund TD, Lephart ED. Neuromodulation by soy diets or equol: anti-depressive & anti-obesity-like influences, age- & hormone-dependent effects. BMC Neurosci 2011; 12:28. [PMID: 21410981 PMCID: PMC3068123 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2202-12-28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2010] [Accepted: 03/16/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Soy-derived isoflavones potentially protect against obesity and depression. In five different studies we examined the influence of soy-containing diets or equol injections on depression, serotonin levels, body weight gain (BW) and white adipose tissue (WAT) deposition in female Long-Evans rats at various stages of life [rats were intact, ovariectomized or experienced natural ovarian failure (NOF)]. RESULTS In general, animals fed a soy-rich diet (Phyto-600) and/or administered equol (@ 5 mg/kg/day) displayed significant decreases in BW and WAT compared to a low-soy diet. When equol was injected alone (5 mg/kg/day), experiments 1, 4, and 5 demonstrated that body weight was significantly decreased. Equol has body weight control effects in females that are dependent on ovarian status and/or age of diet initiation. Experiments 1-4 all displayed no significant differences in depressive-related behavior as measured by the Prosolt forced swim test (PFST) when soy-rich (Phyto-600) or low-soy diets (Phyto-low) or equol treatments (5 mg/kg/day) were tested in female rats at various ages or hormonal status. Results of all the experiments are not presented here due to space limitations, but data from experiment 5 are presented. From conception female rats were exposed to either: a) a soy-rich (Phyto-600) or b) low-soy diet (Phyto-low). After 290 days all rats experienced NOF. At 330 days-old the animals were examined in the Porsolt forced swim test (PFST). One month later a second PFST was performed [after Phyto-low fed animals were injected with equol (5 mg/kg/day) for one week prior to the second PFST]. At the first PFST, serotonin and mobility levels were significantly decreased in the Phyto-low fed animals compared to animals that consumed the Phyto-600 diet. After equol injections at the second PFST, mobility and serotonin levels significantly increased in aged NOF rats fed the Phyto-low diet (to levels comparable to Phyto-600 fed animals). CONCLUSIONS Consumption of dietary isoflavones or equol exposure in rats has body weight controlling effects and equol specifically may have antidepressant potential dependent upon diet initiation and/or dosage of treatments. The current study demonstrates that equol is able to decrease body weight, abdominal WAT, and depressive-related behavior. While other factors and mechanisms may play a role, in part, the present results provide a greater understanding of how isoflavonoid molecules modulate the brain's influence on behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Crystal Blake
- Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology and The Neuroscience Center, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602 USA
| | - Kimberly M Fabick
- Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology and The Neuroscience Center, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602 USA
| | - Kenneth DR Setchell
- Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Mass Spectrometry, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229 USA
| | - Trent D Lund
- Stoelting Co., 620 Wheat Lane, Wood Dale, Illinois, 60191 USA
| | - Edwin D Lephart
- Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology and The Neuroscience Center, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602 USA
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