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Liu R, Pan Y, Wang N, Tang D, Urlacher VB, Li S. Comparative biochemical characterization of mammalian-derived CYP11A1s with cholesterol side-chain cleavage activities. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2023; 229:106268. [PMID: 36764495 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2023.106268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Steroid drugs, the second largest class of pharmaceuticals after antibiotics, have shown significant anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic, and endocrine-regulating effects. A group of cytochrome P450 enzymes, namely, CYP11A1 isoenzymes from different organisms are capable of converting cholesterol into pregnenolone, which is a pivotal reaction in both steroid metabolism and (bio)synthetic network of steroid products. However, the low activity of CYP11A1s greatly restricts the industrial application of these cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzymes. Herein, we investigate ten CYP11A1 enzymes of different origins and in vitro characterize two CYP11A1s with a relatively higher expression level from Capra hircus and Sus scrofa, together with the CYP11A1s from Homo sapiens and Bos taurus as references. Towards five selected sterol substrates with different side chain structures, S. scrofa CYP11A1 displays relatively higher activities. Through redox partners combination screening, we reveal the optimal redox partner pair of S. scrofa adrenodoxin and C. hircus adrenodoxin reductase. Moreover, the semi-rational mutagenesis for the active sites and substrate entrance channels of human and bovine CYP11A1s is performed based on comparative analysis of their crystal structures. The mutant mBtCYP11A1-Q377A derived from mature B. taurus CYP11A1 shows a 1.46 times higher activity than the wild type enzyme. These results not only demonstrate the tunability of the highly conserved CYP11A1 isoenzymes, but also lay a foundation for the following engineering efforts on these industrially relevant P450 enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruxin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
| | - Yunjun Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
| | - Ning Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China; College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong 250014, China
| | - Dandan Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
| | - Vlada B Urlacher
- Institute of Biochemistry, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - Shengying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China.
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2
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Gao Q, Ma B, Wang Q, Zhang H, Fushinobu S, Yang J, Lin S, Sun K, Han BN, Xu LH. Improved 2α-Hydroxylation Efficiency of Steroids by CYP154C2 Using Structure-Guided Rational Design. Appl Environ Microbiol 2023; 89:e0218622. [PMID: 36847541 PMCID: PMC10056965 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02186-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 enzymes are promising biocatalysts for industrial use because they catalyze site-selective C-H oxidation and have diverse catalytic reactions and a broad substrate range. In this study, the 2α-hydroxylation activity of CYP154C2 from Streptomyces avermitilis MA-4680T toward androstenedione (ASD) was identified by an in vitro conversion assay. The testosterone (TES)-bound structure of CYP154C2 was solved at 1.42 Å, and this structure was used to design eight mutants, including single, double, and triple mutants, to improve the conversion efficiency. Mutants L88F/M191F and M191F/V285L were found to enhance the conversion rates significantly (i.e., 8.9-fold and 7.4-fold for TES, 46.5-fold and 19.5-fold for ASD, respectively) compared with the wild-type (WT) enzyme while retaining high 2α-position selectivity. The substrate binding affinity of the L88F/M191F mutant toward TES and ASD was enhanced compared with that of WT CYP154C2, supporting the measured increase in the conversion efficiencies. Moreover, the total turnover number and kcat/Km of the L88F/M191F and M191F/V285L mutants increased significantly. Interestingly, all mutants containing L88F generated 16α-hydroxylation products, suggesting that L88 in CYP154C2 plays a vital role in substrate selectivity and that the amino acid corresponding to L88 in the 154C subfamily affects the orientation of steroid binding and substrate selectivity. IMPORTANCE Hydroxylated derivatives of steroids play essential roles in medicine. Cytochrome P450 enzymes selectively hydroxylate methyne groups on steroids, which can dramatically change their polarity, biological activity and toxicity. There is a paucity of reports on the 2α-hydroxylation of steroids, and documented 2α-hydroxylate P450s show extremely low conversion efficiency and/or low regio- and stereoselectivity. This study conducted crystal structure analysis and structure-guided rational engineering of CYP154C2 and efficiently enhanced the conversion efficiency of TES and ASD with high regio- and stereoselectivity. Our results provide an effective strategy and theoretical basis for the 2α-hydroxylation of steroids, and the structure-guided rational design of P450s should facilitate P450 applications in the biosynthesis of steroid drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qilin Gao
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bingbing Ma
- Research Center for Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital & Institute of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qianwen Wang
- Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Drug Discovery and Design Center, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Shinya Fushinobu
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Collaborative Research Institute for Innovative Microbiology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jian Yang
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Susu Lin
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Keke Sun
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bing-Nan Han
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lian-Hua Xu
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
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3
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Zhu R, Liu Y, Yang Y, Min Q, Li H, Chen L. Cytochrome P450 Monooxygenases Catalyse Steroid Nucleus Hydroxylation with Regio‐ and Stereo‐selectivity. Adv Synth Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202200210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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4
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Chen S, Liu W, Yang C, Li X, Shen X, Jiang D, Huang Y, Tian Y. Gonadotropin inhibitory hormone downregulates steroid hormone secretion and genes expressions in duck granulosa cells. Anim Reprod 2021; 18:e20210036. [PMID: 34306216 PMCID: PMC8291778 DOI: 10.1590/1984-3143-ar2021-0036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms by which GnIH regulates the steroid synthesis pathway in duck granulosa cells remain poorly understood. In this study, we measured steroid hormone secretion by ELISA and reproduction-associated gene expression by quantitative real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction (qPCR) in duck granulosa cells treated with different concentrations of GnIH (0, 0.1, 1, 10, and 100 ng/mL) for 24 h. The genome-wide expression profiles of GnIH-treated cells (0 and 10 ng/mL) were evaluated by high-throughput RNA sequencing. Compared with untreated cells, the secretion of the steroid hormones E2, E1, P4, and T was downregulated, with that of E1 and P4 reaching statistical significance (P<0.05); in contrast, the secretion of ACV and INH was significantly upregulated (P<0.05) after treatment with 10 and 100 ng/mL GnIH. The expression of encoding steroidogenic proteins and enzymes genes (STAR, CYP11A1, CYP17A1, CYP19A1, and 3-β-HSD) and encoding gonadotropin receptors genes (FSHR, LHR) were significantly declined (P<0.05) in the 10 and 100 ng/mL GnIH treatments. Transcriptome sequencing identified 348 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), including 253 upregulated and 95 downregulated genes. The DEGs were mainly involved in cell growth and death, immune response, and steroid biosynthesis pathways. We identified four novel DEGs (MROH5, LOC113840576, SDR42E1, and LOC113841457) with key roles in the regulation of steroid hormone biosynthesis. Our study revealed changes in gonadal steroid hormone secretion and steroid biosynthesis pathway-related gene expression in duck granulosa cells under the inhibitory effect of GnIH. These data contribute to our understanding of the molecular and genetic mechanisms underlying reproduction in ducks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijian Chen
- Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangdong Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Waterfowl Healthy Breeding, Guangdong Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenjun Liu
- Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangdong Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Waterfowl Healthy Breeding, Guangdong Guangzhou, China
| | - Chen Yang
- Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangdong Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Waterfowl Healthy Breeding, Guangdong Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiujin Li
- Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangdong Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Waterfowl Healthy Breeding, Guangdong Guangzhou, China
| | - Xu Shen
- Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangdong Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Waterfowl Healthy Breeding, Guangdong Guangzhou, China
| | - Danli Jiang
- Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangdong Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Waterfowl Healthy Breeding, Guangdong Guangzhou, China
| | - Yunmao Huang
- Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangdong Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Waterfowl Healthy Breeding, Guangdong Guangzhou, China
| | - Yunbo Tian
- Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangdong Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Waterfowl Healthy Breeding, Guangdong Guangzhou, China
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5
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Islam R, Yu RMK, Andrew-Priestley M, Smith N, Rahman MM, Tran TKA, Connor WAO, MacFarlane GR. Secondary treatment phase of tertiary wastewater treatment works significantly reduces estrogenic load. WATER RESEARCH 2021; 200:117257. [PMID: 34077838 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Estrogenic compounds enter waterways via effluents from wastewater treatment works (WWTW), thereby indicating a potential risk to organisms inhabiting adjacent receiving waters. However, little is known about the loads or concentrations of estrogenic compounds that enter Australian WWTWs, the efficiency of removing estrogenic compounds throughout the various stages of tertiary WWTW processes (which are common in Australia), nor the concentrations released into estuarine or marine receiving waters, and the associated risk for aquatic taxa residing in these environments. Therefore, seven estrogenic compounds, comprising the natural estrogens estrone (E1), 17β-estradiol (E2) and estriol (E3), the synthetic estrogen (EE2), and the industrial chemicals bisphenol A (BPA), 4-t-octyl phenol (4-t-OP) and 4-nonyl phenol (4-NP), in wastewater samples were quantified via liquid chromatographic-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) after solid-phase extraction at different stages of wastewater treatment and associated receiving waters. The concentrations of the target compounds in wastewater ranged from < LOQ (limit of quantification) to 158 ng/L for Tanilba Bay WWTW and < LOQ to 162 ng/L for Belmont WWTW. Most target compounds significantly declined after the secondary treatment phase. Appreciable removal efficiency throughout the treatment process was observed with removal from 39.21 to 99.98% of influent values at both WWTWs. The reduction of the natural estrogens (E1, E2 and E3) and 4-t-OP were significantly greater than EE2, BPA, and 4-NP in both WWTWs. Risk quotients (RQs) were calculated to assess potential ecological risks from individual estrogenic compounds. In predicted diluted effluents, no targeted compounds showed any ecological risk (RQ ≤1.65 × 10-2) at both WWTWs. Similarly, all RQs for shore samples at both WWTWs were below 1. Finally, the hazard index (HI), which represents combined estrogenic contaminants' ecological risk, indicated no mentionable risk for predicted diluted effluents (HI = 0.0097 to 0.0218) as well as shoreline samples (HI = 0.393 to 0.522) in the receiving estuarine or marine waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafiquel Islam
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia; Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Islamic University, Kushtia 7003, Bangladesh
| | - Richard Man Kit Yu
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | | | - Nathan Smith
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Mohammad Mahmudur Rahman
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Thi Kim Anh Tran
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia; School of Agriculture and Resources, Vinh University, Viet Nam
| | - Wayne A O' Connor
- New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, Port Stephens Fisheries Institute, Taylors Beach, NSW, 2316, Australia
| | - Geoff R MacFarlane
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia.
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6
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Bernhardt R, Neunzig J. Underestimated reactions and regulation patterns of adrenal cytochromes P450. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2021; 530:111237. [PMID: 33722664 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2021.111237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Although cytochrome P450 (CYP) systems including the adrenal ones are being investigated since many years, there are still reactions and regulation patterns that have been underestimated ever since. This review discusses neglected ones to bring them into the focus of investigators working in the field. Novel substrates and reactions described for adrenal CYPs recently point to the fact that different from what has been believed for many years, adrenal CYPs are less selective than previously thought. The conversion of steroid sulfates, intermediates of steroid biosynthesis as well as of exogenous compounds are being discussed here in more detail and consequences for further studies are drawn. Furthermore, it was shown that protein-protein interactions may have an important effect not only on the activity of adrenal CYPs, but also on the product pattern of the reactions. It was found that, as expected, the stoichiometry of CYP:redox partner plays an important role for tuning the activity. In addition, competition between different CYPs for the redox partner and for electrons and possible alterations by mutants in the efficiency of electron transfer play an important role for the activity and product pattern. Moreover, the influence of phosphorylation and small charged molecules like natural polyamines on the activity of adrenal systems has been demonstrated in-vitro indicating a possible regulation of adrenal CYP reactions by affecting redox partner recognition and binding affinity. Finally, an effect of the genetic background on the consequences of mutations in adrenal CYPs found in patients was suggested from corresponding in-vitro studies indicating that a different genetic background might be able to significantly affect the activity of a CYP mutant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Bernhardt
- Department of Biochemistry, Campus B2.2, Saarland University, D-66123, Saarbrücken, Germany.
| | - Jens Neunzig
- Institute of Molecular Plant Biology, Campus A2.4, Saarland University, D-66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
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7
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Hartz P, Strohmaier SJ, El-Gayar BM, Abdulmughni A, Hutter MC, Hannemann F, Gillam EMJ, Bernhardt R. Resurrection and characterization of ancestral CYP11A1 enzymes. FEBS J 2021; 288:6510-6527. [PMID: 34092040 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial cytochromes P450 presumably originated from a common microsomal P450 ancestor. However, it is still unknown how ancient mitochondrial P450s were able to retain their oxygenase function following relocation to the mitochondrial matrix and later emerged as enzymes specialized for steroid hormone biosynthesis in vertebrates. Here, we used the approach of ancestral sequence reconstruction (ASR) to resurrect ancient CYP11A1 enzymes and characterize their unique biochemical properties. Two ancestral CYP11A1 variants, CYP11A_Mammal_N101 and CYP11A_N1, as well as an extant bovine form were recombinantly expressed and purified to homogeneity. All enzymes showed characteristic P450 spectral properties and were able to convert cholesterol as well as other sterol substrates to pregnenolone, yet with different specificities. The vertebrate CYP11A_N1 ancestor preferred the cholesterol precursor, desmosterol, as substrate suggesting a convergent evolution of early cholesterol metabolism and CYP11A1 enzymes. Both ancestors were able to withstand increased levels of hydrogen peroxide but only the ancestor CYP11A_N1 showed increased thermostability (~ 25 °C increase in T50 ) compared with the extant CYP11A1. The extraordinary robustness of ancient mitochondrial P450s, as demonstrated for CYP11A_N1, may have allowed them to stay active when presented with poorly compatible electron transfer proteins and resulting harmful ROS in the new environment of the mitochondrial matrix. To the best of our knowledge, this work represents the first study that describes the resurrection of ancient mitochondrial P450 enzymes. The results will help to understand and gain fundamental functional insights into the evolutionary origins of steroid hormone biosynthesis in animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Hartz
- Department of Biochemistry, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Silja J Strohmaier
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Australia
| | - Basma M El-Gayar
- Department of Biochemistry, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Ammar Abdulmughni
- Department of Biochemistry, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Michael C Hutter
- Center for Bioinformatics, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Frank Hannemann
- Department of Biochemistry, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Elizabeth M J Gillam
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Australia
| | - Rita Bernhardt
- Department of Biochemistry, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
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8
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Abdelnour SA, Swelum AA, Abd El-Hack ME, Khafaga AF, Taha AE, Abdo M. Cellular and functional adaptation to thermal stress in ovarian granulosa cells in mammals. J Therm Biol 2020; 92:102688. [PMID: 32888576 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2020.102688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Climate change represents a significant environmental challenge to human welfare. One of many negative impacts may be on animal reproduction. Elevated ambient temperature unfavourably influences reproductive processes in mammals. High temperature can affect reproductive processes such as follicle development and may alter follicular fluid concentrations of amino acids, fatty acids, minerals, enzymes, antioxidants defence and growth factors. These impacts may lead to inferior oocyte competence and abnormal granulosa cell (GCs) function. Mammalian oocytes are enclosed by GCs that secret hormones and signalling molecules to promote oocyte competence. GCs are essential for proper follicular development, oocyte maturation, ovulation, and luteinization. Many environmental stressors, including thermal stress, affect GC function and alter oocyte development and growth. Several studies documented a link between elevated ambient temperature and increased generation of cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). ROS can damage DNA, reduce cell proliferation, and induce apoptosis in GCs, thus altering oocyte development. Additionally, thermal stress induces upregulation of thermal shock proteins, such as HSP70 and HSP90. This review provides an update on the influence of thermal stress on GCs of mammals. Discussions include impacts to steroidogenesis (estradiol and progesterone), proliferation and cell cycle transition, apoptosis, oxidative stress (ROS), antioxidants related genes, heat shock proteins (HSPs) and endoplasmic reticulum responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameh A Abdelnour
- Animal Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt
| | - Ayman A Swelum
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia; Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed E Abd El-Hack
- Department of Poultry, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt.
| | - Asmaa F Khafaga
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Edfina, 22758, Egypt
| | - Ayman E Taha
- Department of Animal Husbandry and Animal Wealth Development, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Edfina, 22578, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Abdo
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, 32897, Egypt
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Khan A, Khan MZ, Dou J, Umer S, Xu H, Sammad A, Zhu HB, Wang Y. RNAi-Mediated Silencing of Catalase Gene Promotes Apoptosis and Impairs Proliferation of Bovine Granulosa Cells under Heat Stress. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:E1060. [PMID: 32575551 PMCID: PMC7341290 DOI: 10.3390/ani10061060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Heat stress in dairy cattle is recognized to compromise fertility by altering the functions of ovarian follicle-enclosed cells, e.g., oocyte and granulosa cells (GCs). Catalase is an antioxidant enzyme that plays a significant role in cellular protection against oxidative damage by the degradation of hydrogen peroxide to oxygen and water. In this study, the role and mechanism of CAT on the heat stress (HS)-induced apoptosis and altered proliferation of bovine GCs were studied. The catalase gene was knocked-down successfully in bovine GCs at both the transcriptional and translational levels. After a successful knockdown using siRNA, GCs were divided into HS (40 °C + NC and 40 °C + CAT siRNA) and 38 °C + NC (NC) groups. The GCs were then examined for ROS, viability, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), cell cycle, and biosynthesis of progesterone (P4) and estrogen (E2) hormones. The results indicated that CAT silencing promoted ROS production and apoptosis by up-regulating the Bcl-2-associated X protein (BAX) and Caspase-3 genes both at the transcriptional and translational levels. Furthermore, the knockdown of CAT markedly disrupted the MMP, impaired the production of P4 and E2, altered the progression of the G1 phase of the cell cycle, and decreased the number of cells in the S phase. This was further verified by the down-regulation of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), CyclinB1, steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (STAR), and cytochrome P450 family 11 subfamily A member 1 (Cyp11A1) genes. Our study presented a novel strategy to characterize how CAT can regulate cell proliferation and apoptosis in GCs under HS. We concluded that CAT is a broad regulatory marker in GCs by regulating apoptosis, cellular progression, and simultaneously by vital fluctuations in hormonal signaling. Our findings infer a crucial evidence of how to boost the fertility of heat-stressed cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adnan Khan
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, MARA, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (A.K.); (M.Z.K.); (J.D.); (A.S.)
| | - Muhammad Zahoor Khan
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, MARA, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (A.K.); (M.Z.K.); (J.D.); (A.S.)
| | - Jinhuan Dou
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, MARA, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (A.K.); (M.Z.K.); (J.D.); (A.S.)
| | - Saqib Umer
- Embryo Biotechnology and Reproduction Laboratory, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (S.U.); (H.X.); (H.-B.Z.)
| | - Huitao Xu
- Embryo Biotechnology and Reproduction Laboratory, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (S.U.); (H.X.); (H.-B.Z.)
| | - Abdul Sammad
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, MARA, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (A.K.); (M.Z.K.); (J.D.); (A.S.)
| | - Hua-Bin Zhu
- Embryo Biotechnology and Reproduction Laboratory, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (S.U.); (H.X.); (H.-B.Z.)
| | - Yachun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, MARA, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (A.K.); (M.Z.K.); (J.D.); (A.S.)
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10
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Khan A, Dou J, Wang Y, Jiang X, Khan MZ, Luo H, Usman T, Zhu H. Evaluation of heat stress effects on cellular and transcriptional adaptation of bovine granulosa cells. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2020; 11:25. [PMID: 32095238 PMCID: PMC7027041 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-019-0408-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Heat stress is known to affect follicular dynamics, oocyte maturation, and fertilization by impairing steroidogenic ability and viability of bovine granulosa cell (bGCs). The present study explored the physiological and molecular response of bGCs to different heat stress intensities in-vitro. We exposed the primary bGCs to heat stress (HS) at 39 °C, 40 °C and 41 °C along with control samples (38 °C) for 2 h. To evaluate the impact of heat stress on bGCs, several in vitro cellular parameters including cell apoptosis, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and HSP70 kinetics were assessed by flow cytometry, florescence microscopy and western blot, respectively. Furthermore, the ELISA was performed to confirm the 17β-estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P4) levels. In addition, the RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) method was used to get the molecular based response of bGCs to different heat treatments. Results Our findings revealed that the HS significantly decreased the cell viability, E2 and P4 levels in bGCs, whereas, increased the cellular apoptosis and ROS. Moreover, the RNA-Seq experiments showed that all the treatments (39 °C, 40 °C and 41 °C) significantly regulated many differentially expressed genes (DEGs) i.e. BCL2L1, STAR, CYP11A1, CASP3, SOD2, HSPA13, and MAPK8IP1 and pathways associated with heat stress, apoptosis, steroidogenesis, and oxidative stress. Conclusively, our data demonstrated that the impact of 40 °C treatment was comparatively detrimental for cell viability, apoptosis and ROS accumulation. Notably, a similar trend of gene expression was reported by RT-qPCR for RNA-seq data. Conclusions Our study presented a worthy strategy for the first time to characterize the cellular and transcriptomic adaptation of bGCs to heat stress (39, 40 and 41 °C) in-vitro. The results infer that these genes and pathways reported in present study could be useful candidates/indicators for heat stress research in dairy cattle. Moreover, the established model of bGCs to heat stress in the current study provides an appropriate platform to understand the mechanism of how heat-stressed bGCs can affect the quality of oocytes and developing embryo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adnan Khan
- 1Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction, MARA; National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 People's Republic of China
| | - Jinhuan Dou
- 1Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction, MARA; National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 People's Republic of China
| | - Yachun Wang
- 1Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction, MARA; National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaolong Jiang
- 2Embryo Biotechnology and Reproduction Laboratory, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Muhammad Zahoor Khan
- 1Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction, MARA; National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 People's Republic of China
| | - Hanpeng Luo
- 1Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction, MARA; National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 People's Republic of China
| | - Tahir Usman
- 3College of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, 23200 Pakistan
| | - Huabin Zhu
- 2Embryo Biotechnology and Reproduction Laboratory, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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11
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Khan A, Khan MZ, Umer S, Khan IM, Xu H, Zhu H, Wang Y. Cellular and Molecular Adaptation of Bovine Granulosa Cells and Oocytes under Heat Stress. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10010110. [PMID: 31936655 PMCID: PMC7023494 DOI: 10.3390/ani10010110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Heat stress can have large effects on most aspects of reproductive function in dairy cows. A hot environment can increase blood, rectal, and uterine temperatures, alter ovarian folliculogenesis, suppress fertility, oogenesis, and embryogenesis and ultimately reduce conception and pregnancy rates. Among the components of the female reproductive tract, the ovarian pool of follicles and their enclosed granulosa cells and oocytes are highly sensitive to hyperthermia. Many effects of elevated temperature on granulosa cells and developing oocytes involve increased production of reactive oxygen species, subsequently induce cellular apoptosis, and decrease the developmental ability of oocytes to be fertilized. Furthermore, heat stress-associated reproductive disorders are associated with altered progesterone and reduced estradiol production by ovarian follicles. The review mainly focuses on the follicle-enclosed granulosa cells and oocytes, provides new insights into the cellular and molecular adaptations of granulosa cells and oocyte under heat stress, depicts the role of the follicle microenvironment, and discusses some mechanisms that might underlie oocyte impairment. This study provides a possible way for the genetic adaptation to heat stress both for the regulation of body temperature and cellular resistance to elevated temperature. Abstract Heat stress has long been recognized as a challenging issue that severely influences the reproductive functions of dairy cattle, disrupting oocyte development during fetal growth. These detrimental effects of heat stress are the result of either the hyperthermia associated with heat stress or the physiological adjustments made by the heat-stressed animal to regulate body temperature. In addition, elevated temperatures have been implicated in increasing the production of reactive oxygen species. Thus, understanding the impact of heat stress on reproductive functions, from a cellular to molecular level, might help in selecting heat-resilient dairy cattle and developing heat stress mitigation strategies. In the present paper, we have attempted to describe the changes in the reproductive system and function of dairy cattle in response to heat stress by reviewing the latest literature in this area. The review provides useful knowledge on the cellular and genetic basis of oocyte and granulosa cells in heat-stressed dairy cattle, which could be helpful for future research in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adnan Khan
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction, MARA; National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (A.K.); (M.Z.K.)
| | - Muhammad Zahoor Khan
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction, MARA; National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (A.K.); (M.Z.K.)
| | - Saqib Umer
- Embryo Biotechnology and Reproduction Laboratory, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (S.U.); (H.X.); (H.Z.)
| | - Ibrar Muhammad Khan
- Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Local Livestock and Poultry Genetical Resources Conservation and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China;
| | - Huitao Xu
- Embryo Biotechnology and Reproduction Laboratory, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (S.U.); (H.X.); (H.Z.)
| | - Huabin Zhu
- Embryo Biotechnology and Reproduction Laboratory, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (S.U.); (H.X.); (H.Z.)
| | - Yachun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction, MARA; National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (A.K.); (M.Z.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-10-627-324-611
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12
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Rendic SP, Peter Guengerich F. Human cytochrome P450 enzymes 5-51 as targets of drugs and natural and environmental compounds: mechanisms, induction, and inhibition - toxic effects and benefits. Drug Metab Rev 2019; 50:256-342. [PMID: 30717606 DOI: 10.1080/03602532.2018.1483401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 (P450, CYP) enzymes have long been of interest due to their roles in the metabolism of drugs, pesticides, pro-carcinogens, and other xenobiotic chemicals. They have also been of interest due to their very critical roles in the biosynthesis and metabolism of steroids, vitamins, and certain eicosanoids. This review covers the 22 (of the total of 57) human P450s in Families 5-51 and their substrate selectivity. Furthermore, included is information and references regarding inducibility, inhibition, and (in some cases) stimulation by chemicals. We update and discuss important aspects of each of these 22 P450s and questions that remain open.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - F Peter Guengerich
- b Department of Biochemistry , Vanderbilt University School of Medicine , Nashville , TN , USA
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13
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Wu L, Hafiz MZ, Guan Y, He S, Xiong J, Liu W, Yan B, Li X, Yang J. 17β-estradiol suppresses carboxylesterases by activating c-Jun/AP-1 pathway in primary human and mouse hepatocytes. Eur J Pharmacol 2018; 819:98-107. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2017.11.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Revised: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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14
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Denisov IG, Baylon JL, Grinkova YV, Tajkhorshid E, Sligar SG. Drug-Drug Interactions between Atorvastatin and Dronedarone Mediated by Monomeric CYP3A4. Biochemistry 2017; 57:805-816. [PMID: 29200287 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.7b01012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Heterotropic interactions between atorvastatin (ARVS) and dronedarone (DND) have been deciphered using global analysis of the results of binding and turnover experiments for pure drugs and their mixtures. The in vivo presence of atorvastatin lactone (ARVL) was explicitly taken into account by using pure ARVL in analogous experiments. Both ARVL and ARVS inhibit DND binding and metabolism, while a significantly higher affinity of CYP3A4 for ARVL makes the latter the main modulator of activity (effector) in this system. Molecular dynamics simulations reveal significantly different modes of interactions of DND and ARVL with the substrate binding pocket and with a peripheral allosteric site. Interactions of both substrates with residues F213 and F219 at the allosteric site play a critical role in the communication of conformational changes induced by effector binding to productive binding of the substrate at the catalytic site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilia G Denisov
- Department of Biochemistry, ‡Center for Biophysics and Quantitative Biology, and §Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Javier L Baylon
- Department of Biochemistry, ‡Center for Biophysics and Quantitative Biology, and §Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Yelena V Grinkova
- Department of Biochemistry, ‡Center for Biophysics and Quantitative Biology, and §Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Emad Tajkhorshid
- Department of Biochemistry, ‡Center for Biophysics and Quantitative Biology, and §Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Stephen G Sligar
- Department of Biochemistry, ‡Center for Biophysics and Quantitative Biology, and §Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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15
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Neunzig J, Milhim M, Schiffer L, Khatri Y, Zapp J, Sánchez-Guijo A, Hartmann MF, Wudy SA, Bernhardt R. The steroid metabolite 16(β)-OH-androstenedione generated by CYP21A2 serves as a substrate for CYP19A1. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2017; 167:182-191. [PMID: 28065637 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2017.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Revised: 01/02/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The 21-hydroxylase (CYP21A2) is a steroidogenic enzyme crucial for the synthesis of mineralo- and glucocorticoids. It is described to convert progesterone as well as 17-OH-progesterone, through a hydroxylation at position C21, into 11-deoxycorticosterone (DOC) and 11-deoxycortisol (RSS), respectively. In this study we unraveled CYP21A2 to have a broader steroid substrate spectrum than assumed. Utilizing a reconstituted in vitro system, consisting of purified human CYP21A2 and human cytochrome P450 reductase (CPR) we demonstrated that CYP21A2 is capable to metabolize DOC, RSS, androstenedione (A4) and testosterone (T). In addition, the conversion of A4 rendered a product whose structure was elucidated through NMR spectroscopy, showing a hydroxylation at position C16-beta. The androgenic properties of this steroid metabolite, 16(β)-OH-androstenedione (16bOHA4), were investigated and compared with A4. Both steroid metabolites were shown to be weak agonists for the human androgen receptor. Moreover, the interaction of 16bOHA4 with the aromatase (CYP19A1) was compared to that of A4, indicating that the C16 hydroxyl group does not influence the binding with CYP19A1. In contrast, the elucidation of the kinetic parameters showed an increased Km and decreased kcat value resulting in a 2-fold decreased catalytic efficiency compared to A4. These findings were in accordance with our docking studies, revealing a similar binding conformation and distance to the heme iron of both steroids. Furthermore, the product of 16bOHA4, presumably 16-hydroxy-estrone (16bOHE1), was investigated with regard to its estrogenic activity, which was negligible compared to estradiol and estrone. Finally, 16bOHA4 was found to be present in a patient with 11-hydroxylase deficiency and in a patient with an endocrine tumor. Taken together, this study provides novel information on the steroid hormone biosynthesis and presents a new method to detect further potential relevant novel steroid metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Neunzig
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Technical and Natural Sciences III, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - M Milhim
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Technical and Natural Sciences III, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - L Schiffer
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Technical and Natural Sciences III, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Y Khatri
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Technical and Natural Sciences III, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - J Zapp
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Technical and Natural Sciences III, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - A Sánchez-Guijo
- Steroid Research & Mass Spectrometry Unit, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology & Diabetology, Center of Child and Adolescent Medicine, Justus Liebig University, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - M F Hartmann
- Steroid Research & Mass Spectrometry Unit, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology & Diabetology, Center of Child and Adolescent Medicine, Justus Liebig University, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - S A Wudy
- Steroid Research & Mass Spectrometry Unit, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology & Diabetology, Center of Child and Adolescent Medicine, Justus Liebig University, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - R Bernhardt
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Technical and Natural Sciences III, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany.
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Mosa A, Gerber A, Neunzig J, Bernhardt R. Products of gut-microbial tryptophan metabolism inhibit the steroid hormone-synthesizing cytochrome P450 11A1. Endocrine 2016; 53:610-4. [PMID: 26839092 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-016-0874-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Accepted: 01/17/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A Mosa
- Institute of Biochemistry, Campus B 2.2, Saarland University, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - A Gerber
- Institute of Biochemistry, Campus B 2.2, Saarland University, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - J Neunzig
- Institute of Biochemistry, Campus B 2.2, Saarland University, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Rita Bernhardt
- Institute of Biochemistry, Campus B 2.2, Saarland University, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany.
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17
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Liu X, Low SK, Boddy AV. The implications of genetic variation for the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of aromatase inhibitors. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2016; 12:851-63. [PMID: 27253864 DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2016.1196189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Breast cancer is the most common female cancer and remains a serious public health concern worldwide. Third-generation aromatase inhibitors (AIs) are widely used in postmenopausal women with estrogen receptor positive breast cancer. However, there is marked interindividual variability in terms of the efficacy and incidence of adverse events following treatment with AIs. Pharmacogenetics has the potential to predict clinical outcomes based on patients' genetic information, paving the way towards personalized treatment. AREAS COVERED This article reviews pharmacogenetic studies of AIs, including pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic aspects, highlighting those studies where the efficacy and adverse events of AIs have been examined using both candidate gene and genome-wide approaches. EXPERT OPINION Pharmacogenetics is a promising approach to develop personalized medicine with AIs. However, the application of pharmacogenetics to predict therapeutic efficacy and adverse events in breast cancer patients is still far from implementation in routine clinical practice. Large, comprehensive, multicenter studies that simultaneously evaluate multiple genes and pathways, including rare variants, are warranted in order to produce reliable and informative results. The ultimate aim is to develop clinically-relevant guidelines for breast cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoman Liu
- a Faculty of Pharmacy , University of Sydney , Sydney , Australia
| | - Siew-Kee Low
- a Faculty of Pharmacy , University of Sydney , Sydney , Australia
| | - Alan V Boddy
- a Faculty of Pharmacy , University of Sydney , Sydney , Australia
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18
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Li L, Wu J, Luo M, Sun Y, Wang G. The effect of heat stress on gene expression, synthesis of steroids, and apoptosis in bovine granulosa cells. Cell Stress Chaperones 2016; 21:467-75. [PMID: 26847372 PMCID: PMC4837181 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-016-0673-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Revised: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Summer heat stress (HS) is a major contributing factor in low fertility in lactating dairy cows in hot environments. Heat stress inhibits ovarian follicular development leading to diminished reproductive efficiency of dairy cows during summer. Ovarian follicle development is a complex process. During follicle development, granulosa cells (GCs) replicate, secrete hormones, and support the growth of the oocyte. To obtain an overview of the effects of heat stress on GCs, digital gene expression profiling was employed to screen and identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs; false discovery rate (FDR) ≤ 0.001, fold change ≥2) of cultured GCs during heat stress. A total of 1211 DEGs including 175 upregulated and 1036 downregulated ones were identified, of which DEGs can be classified into Gene Ontology (GO) categories and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways. The results suggested that heat stress triggers a dramatic and complex program of altered gene expression in GCs. We hypothesized that heat stress could induce the apoptosis and dysfunction of GCs. Real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to evaluate the expression of steroidogenic genes (steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (Star), cytochrome P-450 (CYP11A1), CYP19A1, and steroidogenic factor 1 (SF-1)) and apoptosis-related genes (caspase-3, BCL-2, and BAX). Radio immunoassay (RIA) was used to analyze the level of 17β-estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P4). We also assessed the apoptosis of GCs by flow cytometry. Our data suggested that heat stress induced GC apoptosis through the BAX/BCL-2 pathway and reduced the steroidogenic gene messenger RNA (mRNA) expression and E2 synthesis. These results suggest that the decreased function of GCs may cause ovarian dysfunction and offer an improved understanding of the molecular mechanism responsible for the low fertility in cattle in summer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lian Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jie Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Man Luo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Genlin Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China.
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Schiffer L, Brixius-Anderko S, Hannemann F, Zapp J, Neunzig J, Thevis M, Bernhardt R. Metabolism of Oral Turinabol by Human Steroid Hormone-Synthesizing Cytochrome P450 Enzymes. Drug Metab Dispos 2015; 44:227-37. [DOI: 10.1124/dmd.115.066829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
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20
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Khatri Y, Ringle. M, Lisurek M, von Kries JP, Zapp J, Bernhardt R. Substrate Hunting for the Myxobacterial CYP260A1 Revealed New 1α-Hydroxylated Products from C-19 Steroids. Chembiochem 2015; 17:90-101. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201500420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yogan Khatri
- Universität des Saarlandes; Biochemie; Campus B2.2 66123 Saarbrücken Germany
| | - Michael Ringle.
- Universität des Saarlandes; Biochemie; Campus B2.2 66123 Saarbrücken Germany
| | - Michael Lisurek
- Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie; Robert-Rössle-Strasse 10 13125 Berlin Germany
| | - Jens Peter von Kries
- Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie; Robert-Rössle-Strasse 10 13125 Berlin Germany
| | - Josef Zapp
- Universität des Saarlandes; Pharmazeutische Biologie; Campus C2.2 66123 Saarbrücken Germany
| | - Rita Bernhardt
- Universität des Saarlandes; Biochemie; Campus B2.2 66123 Saarbrücken Germany
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