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Obregón-Mendoza MA, Meza-Morales W, Rodríguez-Hernández KD, Estévez-Carmona MM, Pérez-González LL, Tavera-Hernández R, Ramírez-Apan MT, Barrera-Hernández D, García-Olivares M, Monroy-Torres B, Nieto-Camacho A, Chávez MI, Sánchez-Obregón R, Enríquez RG. The Antitumoral Effect In Ovo of a New Inclusion Complex from Dimethoxycurcumin with Magnesium and Beta-Cyclodextrin. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4380. [PMID: 38673967 PMCID: PMC11050057 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the leading causes of death in the female population because of the resistance of cancer cells to many anticancer drugs used. Curcumin has cytotoxic activities against breast cancer cells, although it has limited use due to its poor bioavailability and rapid metabolic elimination. The synthesis of metal complexes of curcumin and curcuminoids is a relevant topic in the search for more active and selective derivatives of these molecular scaffolds. However, solubility and bioavailability are concomitant disadvantages of these types of molecules. To overcome such drawbacks, the preparation of inclusion complexes offers a chemical and pharmacologically safe option for improving the aqueous solubility of organic molecules. Herein, we describe the preparation of the inclusion complex of dimethoxycurcumin magnesium complex (DiMeOC-Mg, (4)) with beta-cyclodextrin (DiMeOC-Mg-BCD, (5)) in the stoichiometric relationship 1:1. This new inclusion complex's solubility in aqueous media phosphate buffer saline (PBS) was improved by a factor of 6x over the free metal complex (4). Furthermore, 5 affects cell metabolic rate, cell morphology, cell migration, induced apoptosis, and downregulation of the matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (STAT3) expression levels on MD Anderson metastasis breast-231 cancer (MDA-MB-231) cell lines. Results of an antitumor assay in an in ovo model showed up to 30% inhibition of tumor growth for breast cancer (MDA-MB-231) when using (5) (0.650 mg/kg dose) and 17.29% inhibition with the free homoleptic metal complex (1.5 mg/kg dose, (4)). While the formulation of inclusion complexes from metal complexes of curcuminoids demonstrates its usefulness in improving the solubility and bioavailability of these metallodrugs, the new compound (5) exhibits excellent potential for use as a therapeutic agent in the battle against breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco A. Obregón-Mendoza
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (M.A.O.-M.); (W.M.-M.); (K.D.R.-H.); (L.L.P.-G.); (R.T.-H.); (M.T.R.-A.); (B.M.-T.); (A.N.-C.); (M.I.C.); (R.S.-O.)
| | - William Meza-Morales
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (M.A.O.-M.); (W.M.-M.); (K.D.R.-H.); (L.L.P.-G.); (R.T.-H.); (M.T.R.-A.); (B.M.-T.); (A.N.-C.); (M.I.C.); (R.S.-O.)
| | - Karla Daniela Rodríguez-Hernández
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (M.A.O.-M.); (W.M.-M.); (K.D.R.-H.); (L.L.P.-G.); (R.T.-H.); (M.T.R.-A.); (B.M.-T.); (A.N.-C.); (M.I.C.); (R.S.-O.)
| | - M. Mirian Estévez-Carmona
- Departamento de Farmacia, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, M. Wilfrido Massieu SN, U. A. Zacatenco, Mexico City 07738, Mexico;
| | - Leidys L. Pérez-González
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (M.A.O.-M.); (W.M.-M.); (K.D.R.-H.); (L.L.P.-G.); (R.T.-H.); (M.T.R.-A.); (B.M.-T.); (A.N.-C.); (M.I.C.); (R.S.-O.)
| | - Rosario Tavera-Hernández
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (M.A.O.-M.); (W.M.-M.); (K.D.R.-H.); (L.L.P.-G.); (R.T.-H.); (M.T.R.-A.); (B.M.-T.); (A.N.-C.); (M.I.C.); (R.S.-O.)
| | - María Teresa Ramírez-Apan
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (M.A.O.-M.); (W.M.-M.); (K.D.R.-H.); (L.L.P.-G.); (R.T.-H.); (M.T.R.-A.); (B.M.-T.); (A.N.-C.); (M.I.C.); (R.S.-O.)
| | - David Barrera-Hernández
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción “Dr. Carlos Gual Castro”, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (D.B.-H.); (M.G.-O.)
| | - Mitzi García-Olivares
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción “Dr. Carlos Gual Castro”, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (D.B.-H.); (M.G.-O.)
| | - Brian Monroy-Torres
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (M.A.O.-M.); (W.M.-M.); (K.D.R.-H.); (L.L.P.-G.); (R.T.-H.); (M.T.R.-A.); (B.M.-T.); (A.N.-C.); (M.I.C.); (R.S.-O.)
| | - Antonio Nieto-Camacho
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (M.A.O.-M.); (W.M.-M.); (K.D.R.-H.); (L.L.P.-G.); (R.T.-H.); (M.T.R.-A.); (B.M.-T.); (A.N.-C.); (M.I.C.); (R.S.-O.)
| | - María Isabel Chávez
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (M.A.O.-M.); (W.M.-M.); (K.D.R.-H.); (L.L.P.-G.); (R.T.-H.); (M.T.R.-A.); (B.M.-T.); (A.N.-C.); (M.I.C.); (R.S.-O.)
| | - Rubén Sánchez-Obregón
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (M.A.O.-M.); (W.M.-M.); (K.D.R.-H.); (L.L.P.-G.); (R.T.-H.); (M.T.R.-A.); (B.M.-T.); (A.N.-C.); (M.I.C.); (R.S.-O.)
| | - Raúl G. Enríquez
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (M.A.O.-M.); (W.M.-M.); (K.D.R.-H.); (L.L.P.-G.); (R.T.-H.); (M.T.R.-A.); (B.M.-T.); (A.N.-C.); (M.I.C.); (R.S.-O.)
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2
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Venjakob PL, Bauerfeind L, Staufenbiel R, Heuwieser W, Borchardt S, Stangl GI, Hirche F, Kononov SU, Wilkens MR. Effect of 2 dosages of prepartum cholecalciferol injection on blood minerals, vitamin D metabolites, and milk production in multiparous dairy cows: A randomized clinical trial. J Dairy Sci 2024; 107:2346-2356. [PMID: 37944806 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-23389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of 2 dosages of prepartum cholecalciferol injection on blood minerals, vitamin D metabolites, and milk production. Cows entering their second or greater lactation (n = 158) were randomly assigned to a control group (CON) or one of 2 treatment groups receiving either 6 × 106 IU (6VitD) or 12 × 106 IU (12VitD) cholecalciferol intramuscularly on d 275 ± 1.2 (SD) of gestation. Concentrations of serum total Ca (tCa), phosphate, and Mg were determined on 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, and 10 d in milk (DIM). For a subsample of 30 cows entering the third lactation (n = 10/group), these samples were analyzed for cholecalciferol, 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25-OHD3), and 24,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol (24,25-[OH]2D3). In these cows, we also determined 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol (1,25-[OH]2D3), the biologically most active metabolite, on 1, 2, 3, and 5 DIM. Repeated measures ANOVA was performed to evaluate the effect of different dosages of cholecalciferol on blood minerals, vitamin D metabolites, and milk yield over the first 5 test days after calving. Binary outcomes such as retained placenta and metritis were analyzed using a chi-squared test. Although the 12VitD treatment increased tCa concentrations on 1, 2, and 3 DIM compared with CON, administration of 6VitD increased tCa concentrations only on 1 DIM. Compared with CON cows and 6VitD cows, 12VitD cows had greater serum phosphate concentration during the first 10 DIM. Furthermore, 6VitD cows had greater serum phosphate concentrations compared with CON cows. On the contrary, 12VitD cows had lower serum Mg concentrations during the first 10 DIM compared with CON and 6VitD cows. Cholecalciferol was increased by the treatment and decreased quickly until 10 DIM. In respect to 25-OHD3, the 6VitD treatment resulted in a 4.1-fold increase in comparison to the CON group, while a 6.5-fold increase was observed in 12VitD animals. The vitamin D metabolite 24,25-(OH)2D3 increased linearly with 25-OHD3 serum levels, resulting in the highest concentrations in the 12VitD group. An increase of 1,25-(OH)2D3 until 3 DIM was observed in all cows. However, this rise was most pronounced in the CON group. The incidence of retained placenta was 1.9%, 11.5%, and 29.6%, and that of metritis was 11.5%, 15.4%, and 31.5% for CON, 6VitD, and 12VitD cows, respectively. Although none of the treated cows exerted clinical signs of hypocalcemia, one cow in CON incurred clinical hypocalcemia. Cows of the 12VitD group had a lower milk yield over the first 5 monthly test days compared with the control and 6VitD group (42.2 ± 0.5, 42.0, ± 0.5 and 40.7 ± 0.5 kg for control cows, 6VitD cows and 12VitD cows, respectively). Although no negative side effects were observed in 6VitD cows, we do not recommend the general application of 6 × 106 IU cholecalciferol before calving as positive effects on calcium homeostasis were marginal and restricted to the first DIM. The present findings confirm that the application of 12 × 106 IU cholecalciferol negatively affected milk production on this farm.
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Affiliation(s)
- P L Venjakob
- Clinic for Animal Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany; Clinic for Ruminants, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany.
| | - L Bauerfeind
- Ruminant Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany
| | - R Staufenbiel
- Ruminant Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany
| | - W Heuwieser
- Clinic for Animal Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany
| | - S Borchardt
- Clinic for Animal Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany
| | - G I Stangl
- Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - F Hirche
- Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - S U Kononov
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Nutrition Diseases and Dietetics, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - M R Wilkens
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Nutrition Diseases and Dietetics, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
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Noyola-Martínez N, Chirinos M, Ramírez-Camacho I, Escamilla-Bucio JE, García-Olivares M, Aragón-Hernández JP, Segovia-Mendoza M, Halhali A, Barrera D. Effects of calcitriol upon TGF-βs and their receptors in trophoblast cells. J Reprod Immunol 2024; 161:104181. [PMID: 38141515 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2023.104181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
Calcitriol levels increase during pregnancy, contributing to the hormonal and immunological balance, but its deficiency has been associated with problems during this period. Meanwhile, transforming growth factors-β (TGF-βs) play an important role in the maintenance of fetal-maternal immune tolerance; however, exacerbated concentrations of this growth factor are associated with complicated pregnancies. Therefore, we studied the effects of calcitriol on TGF-βs and their receptors in trophoblast cells. Term placentas from uncomplicated pregnancies after cesarean sections were used for cell cultures. Basal gene expression and the effect of calcitriol upon TGF-β1, TGF-β2, TGF-β3, and their receptors TGF-βR1 and TGF-βR2 were assessed using real-time PCR from trophoblast cells. The presence of TGF-β1, 2, 3, and TGF-βR1 were evaluated by immunofluorescence, and the protein abundance and secretion of TGF-β1 were assessed by Western blot and ELISA, respectively. Basal gene expression of TGF-β1 in trophoblast from term placentas was higher than TGF-β2 and TGF-β3, while TGF-βR2 was higher than TGF-βR1. The presence and cellular localization of TGF-β1, 2, 3, and TGF-βR1 were detected in the cytoplasm of syncytiotrophoblast, with TGF-β1 showing the highest intensity. Calcitriol significantly inhibited gene expression of TGF-β1, TGF-β2, and TGF-βR1. Likewise, calcitriol decreased the secretion and abundance of TGF-β1. In conclusion, results indicate that calcitriol is a regulator of TGF-βs in cultured trophoblast cells from term placentas and therefore may be an important player in the development of healthy pregnancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Noyola-Martínez
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción "Dr. Carlos Gual Castro", Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Av. Vasco de Quiroga No. 15, Col. Belisario Domínguez, Sección XVI, Ciudad de México 14080, Mexico
| | - Mayel Chirinos
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción "Dr. Carlos Gual Castro", Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Av. Vasco de Quiroga No. 15, Col. Belisario Domínguez, Sección XVI, Ciudad de México 14080, Mexico
| | - Ixchel Ramírez-Camacho
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción "Dr. Carlos Gual Castro", Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Av. Vasco de Quiroga No. 15, Col. Belisario Domínguez, Sección XVI, Ciudad de México 14080, Mexico
| | - Joselin Estefania Escamilla-Bucio
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción "Dr. Carlos Gual Castro", Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Av. Vasco de Quiroga No. 15, Col. Belisario Domínguez, Sección XVI, Ciudad de México 14080, Mexico
| | - Mitzi García-Olivares
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción "Dr. Carlos Gual Castro", Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Av. Vasco de Quiroga No. 15, Col. Belisario Domínguez, Sección XVI, Ciudad de México 14080, Mexico
| | - Juan Pablo Aragón-Hernández
- Departamento de la Unidad Tocoquirúrgica, Hospital General "Dr. Manuel Gea González", Ciudad de México 14080, Mexico
| | - Mariana Segovia-Mendoza
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Ali Halhali
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción "Dr. Carlos Gual Castro", Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Av. Vasco de Quiroga No. 15, Col. Belisario Domínguez, Sección XVI, Ciudad de México 14080, Mexico
| | - David Barrera
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción "Dr. Carlos Gual Castro", Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Av. Vasco de Quiroga No. 15, Col. Belisario Domínguez, Sección XVI, Ciudad de México 14080, Mexico.
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Romero-Córdoba S, Chirinos M, Noyola-Martínez N, Torres-Ramírez N, García-Olivares M, Aragón-Hernández JP, Ramírez-Camacho I, Zúñiga R, Larrea F, Halhali A, Barrera D. Transcriptional landscape of human trophoblast cells treated with calcitriol and TGF-β1. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2024; 579:112088. [PMID: 37832930 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2023.112088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Calcitriol and transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) are unrelated molecules that regulate biological processes according to the genetic target, cell type, and context. Several studies have shown independent effects of calcitriol and TGF-βs on the placenta, but there is no information regarding the impact of their combination on these cells. Therefore, this study analyzed the effects of calcitriol, TGF-β1, and their combination in primary cultures of human trophoblast cells using a whole genome expression microarray. Data analysis revealed a set of differentially expressed genes induced by each treatment. Enrichment pathway analysis identified modulatory effects of calcitriol on genes related to metabolic processes such as vitamin D, steroid, and fat-soluble vitamins as well as antimicrobial and immune responses. In relation to TGF-β1, the analysis showed a few differentially expressed genes that were mainly associated with the neutrophil immune response. Lastly, the analysis revealed that the combination of calcitriol and TGF-β1 up-regulated genes involving both immunologic processes and the biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids, eicosanoids, and lipoxins, among others. In contrast, pathways down-regulated by the combination were mostly associated with the catabolic process of acylglycerols and peptides, PPAR signaling pathway, cellular response to low-density lipoprotein stimulus, renin angiotensin system and digestion, mobilization and transport of lipids. Consistent with these results, the combined treatment on human trophoblast cells induced the accumulation of intracellular neutral lipid droplets and stimulated both gene and protein expression of 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase. In conclusion, the results revealed that differentially expressed genes induced by the combination modified the transcriptional landscape compared to each treatment alone, mainly altering the storage, activity and metabolism of lipids, which might have an impact on placental development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Romero-Córdoba
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, 04510, Mexico; Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Ciudad de México, 14080, Mexico
| | - Mayel Chirinos
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción "Dr. Carlos Gual Castro", Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, México, Ciudad de México, 14080, Mexico
| | - Nancy Noyola-Martínez
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción "Dr. Carlos Gual Castro", Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, México, Ciudad de México, 14080, Mexico
| | - Nayeli Torres-Ramírez
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida Universidad 3000, México, 04510, Mexico
| | - Mitzi García-Olivares
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción "Dr. Carlos Gual Castro", Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, México, Ciudad de México, 14080, Mexico
| | - Juan Pablo Aragón-Hernández
- Departamento de la Unidad Tocoquirúrgica, Hospital General "Dr. Manuel Gea González", Ciudad de México, 14080, Mexico
| | - Ixchel Ramírez-Camacho
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción "Dr. Carlos Gual Castro", Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, México, Ciudad de México, 14080, Mexico
| | - Rosa Zúñiga
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción "Dr. Carlos Gual Castro", Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, México, Ciudad de México, 14080, Mexico
| | - Fernando Larrea
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción "Dr. Carlos Gual Castro", Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, México, Ciudad de México, 14080, Mexico
| | - Ali Halhali
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción "Dr. Carlos Gual Castro", Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, México, Ciudad de México, 14080, Mexico
| | - David Barrera
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción "Dr. Carlos Gual Castro", Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, México, Ciudad de México, 14080, Mexico.
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Rosato E, Sciarra F, Anastasiadou E, Lenzi A, Venneri MA. Revisiting the physiological role of androgens in women. Expert Rev Endocrinol Metab 2022; 17:547-561. [PMID: 36352537 DOI: 10.1080/17446651.2022.2144834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Extensive research underlines the critical functions of androgens in females. Nevertheless, the precise mechanisms of their action are poorly understood. Here, we review the existing literature regarding the physiological role of androgens in women throughout life. AREAS COVERED Several studies show that androgen receptors (ARs) are broadly expressed in numerous female tissues. They are essential for many physiological processes, including reproductive, sexual, cardiovascular, bone, muscle, and brain health. They are also involved in adipose tissue and liver function. Androgen levels change with the menstrual cycle and decrease in the first decades of life, independently of menopause. EXPERT OPINION To date, studies are limited by including small numbers of women, the difficulty of dosing androgens, and their cyclical variations. In particular, whether androgens play any significant role in regulating the establishment of pregnancy is poorly understood. The neural functions of ARs have also been investigated less thoroughly, although it is expressed at high levels in brain structures. Moreover, the mechanism underlying the decline of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) with age is unclear. Other factors, including estrogen's effect on adrenal androgen production, reciprocal regulation of ARs, and non-classical effects of androgens, remain to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Rosato
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Sciarra
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Eleni Anastasiadou
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Lenzi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Mary Anna Venneri
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy
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Liu Y, Ding H, Yang Y, Liu Y, Cao X, Feng T. Progesterone Induces Apoptosis and Steroidogenesis in Porcine Placental Trophoblasts. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12192704. [PMID: 36230445 PMCID: PMC9558511 DOI: 10.3390/ani12192704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Placentation and placental steroidogenesis are important for pregnancy and maternal−fetal health. As pregnancy progresses, the main site of progesterone (P4) synthesis changes from the corpus luteum to the placenta, in which placental trophoblasts are the main cell type for P4 synthesis. Therefore, this study investigated the effects of P4 on apoptosis and steroidogenesis in porcine placental trophoblasts and the underlying molecular mechanisms. Porcine placental trophoblasts were treated with different concentrations of P4 for 48 h in a serum-free medium in vitro. Cell number, steroidogenesis, and relevant gene and protein expression levels were detected. A high dose of P4 (10.0 μM) significantly increased P4 (p < 0.01), androstenedione (p < 0.05), testosterone (p < 0.05), and estradiol (p < 0.05) production in porcine placental trophoblasts compared with that in control cells, while a low dose of P4 (1 × 10−3 μΜ) had no marked impact on steroid production. The mRNA expression of apoptosis-related genes (CASP3, CASP8, and Bax) (p < 0.05) and steroidogenesis-related genes (CYP11A1, CYP19A1, and StAR) (p < 0.01) was upregulated, and the expression of HSD3B and HSD17B4 was inhibited (p < 0.05) in the porcine placental trophoblasts treated with high doses of P4. Low doses of P4 had a lighter effect on gene expression than high doses. The expression of apoptosis-related proteins CASP3 (p < 0.05), and Bax (p < 0.01) and steroidogenesis-related proteins CYP19A1 (p < 0.05) and StAR (p < 0.01) was raised, but the proliferation-related protein CCND2 (p < 0.01) was downregulated in the pTr cells treated with high dose of P4. In comparison, a low dose of P4 inhibited the expression of Bax, CYP11A1 (all p < 0.01), and CCND2 (p < 0.05), but the expression of CASP3 (p < 0.05) and StAR (p < 0.01) was upregulated. In summary, excessive P4 can induce the apoptosis of porcine placental trophoblasts and lead to abnormal steroidogenesis in the placenta and hormone imbalance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueshuai Liu
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou 730030, China
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine (IAHVM), Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences (BAAFS), Beijing 100097, China
- Joint Laboratory of Animal Science between IAHVM of BAAFS and Division of Agricultural Science and Natural Resource of Oklahoma State University, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Hongxiang Ding
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine (IAHVM), Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences (BAAFS), Beijing 100097, China
- Joint Laboratory of Animal Science between IAHVM of BAAFS and Division of Agricultural Science and Natural Resource of Oklahoma State University, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Yuze Yang
- Beijing General Station of Animal Husbandry, Beijing 100107, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine (IAHVM), Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences (BAAFS), Beijing 100097, China
- Joint Laboratory of Animal Science between IAHVM of BAAFS and Division of Agricultural Science and Natural Resource of Oklahoma State University, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Xin Cao
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou 730030, China
- Correspondence: (X.C.); (T.F.)
| | - Tao Feng
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine (IAHVM), Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences (BAAFS), Beijing 100097, China
- Joint Laboratory of Animal Science between IAHVM of BAAFS and Division of Agricultural Science and Natural Resource of Oklahoma State University, Beijing 100097, China
- Correspondence: (X.C.); (T.F.)
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Expression of Key Steroidogenic Enzymes in Human Placenta and Associated Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes. MATERNAL-FETAL MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.1097/fm9.0000000000000167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Influence of N-acetylcysteine on steroidogenesis and gene expression in porcine placental trophoblast cells. Theriogenology 2020; 161:49-56. [PMID: 33302164 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2020.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
N-acetylcysteine (NAC) is a widely used anti-inflammatory agent and antioxidant in vivo and in vitro. As a nutritional supplement, NAC can improve production and reproductive performances in animals through enhancing placental function and regulating hormone production. Trophoblast proliferation and steroid hormone production are two major functions in the placenta. We hypothesized that the effects of NAC on placental function is due to its direct and indirect effects on gene expression in placental trophoblast cells (pTr). To evaluate this hypothesis, we investigated the effects of NAC on steroidogenesis, gene expression, and cell proliferation in porcine pTr in vitro. pTr were treated with NAC in serum-free medium for 24 h with different concentrations (0, 0.1 μM, 1.0 μM, 10.0 μM, 0.1 mM, 1.0 mM, and 10.0 mM). Low-dose NAC (1 μM) stimulated pTr proliferation and decreased progesterone production, while increasing estradiol production (P < 0.05). High-dose NAC (10 mM) suppressed cell proliferation (P < 0.05), but had no effect on steroidogenesis. Low-dose NAC increased CCDN1 and decreased CASP3 and CASP8 mRNA levels (P < 0.05), whereas high-dose NAC decreased CDK4 and CCDN1 and increased CASP3 mRNA levels (P < 0.05). NAC had no effect on the mRNA abundance of StAR and HSD3B. Low-dose NAC upregulated CYP19A1 mRNA expression, and high-dose NAC downregulated CYP11A1 mRNA abundance (P < 0.05). Only low-dose NAC increased NOS3 mRNA abundance and tetrahydrobiopterin reduction (BH4/BH2 ratio). We conclude that NAC may act directly and indirectly on pTr with a dose-dependent manner and may regulate placental function by affecting pTr differentiation via regulating pTr steroid synthesis, cell proliferation, and apoptosis in sows.
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Abstract
Pregnancy is associated with physiological adjustments in order to allow adequate growth and fetal development. In particular, steroids are necessary to maintain in balance numerous functions during gestation. Steroidogenesis in the maternal, placental and fetal compartments and the biological effects of progestins and estrogens that play a pivotal role before and during pregnancy are described. Although it is well-known that androgens are considered as substrate for estrogens biosynthesis, their biosynthesis and functionality in placental and other tissues have been questioned. As compared with healthy pregnancy, steroid hormones levels have been found altered in complicated pregnancies and hormonal treatments have been used is some pathologies. Therefore, the aim of this work was to review the biosynthesis, function and regulation of progestins, androgens and estrogens during gestation. Furthermore, steroid hormones concentrations during healthy and complicated pregnancy as well hormonal therapies for the prevention of miscarriages and preterm deliveries are discussed in the present review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Noyola-Martínez
- a Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción , Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán , D.F. México , México
| | - Ali Halhali
- a Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción , Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán , D.F. México , México
| | - David Barrera
- a Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción , Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán , D.F. México , México
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Chatuphonprasert W, Jarukamjorn K, Ellinger I. Physiology and Pathophysiology of Steroid Biosynthesis, Transport and Metabolism in the Human Placenta. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:1027. [PMID: 30258364 PMCID: PMC6144938 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The steroid hormones progestagens, estrogens, androgens, and glucocorticoids as well as their precursor cholesterol are required for successful establishment and maintenance of pregnancy and proper development of the fetus. The human placenta forms at the interface of maternal and fetal circulation. It participates in biosynthesis and metabolism of steroids as well as their regulated exchange between maternal and fetal compartment. This review outlines the mechanisms of human placental handling of steroid compounds. Cholesterol is transported from mother to offspring involving lipoprotein receptors such as low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) and scavenger receptor class B type I (SRB1) as well as ATP-binding cassette (ABC)-transporters, ABCA1 and ABCG1. Additionally, cholesterol is also a precursor for placental progesterone and estrogen synthesis. Hormone synthesis is predominantly performed by members of the cytochrome P-450 (CYP) enzyme family including CYP11A1 or CYP19A1 and hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases (HSDs) such as 3β-HSD and 17β-HSD. Placental estrogen synthesis requires delivery of sulfate-conjugated precursor molecules from fetal and maternal serum. Placental uptake of these precursors is mediated by members of the solute carrier (SLC) family including sodium-dependent organic anion transporter (SOAT), organic anion transporter 4 (OAT4), and organic anion transporting polypeptide 2B1 (OATP2B1). Maternal-fetal glucocorticoid transport has to be tightly regulated in order to ensure healthy fetal growth and development. For that purpose, the placenta expresses the enzymes 11β-HSD 1 and 2 as well as the transporter ABCB1. This article also summarizes the impact of diverse compounds and diseases on the expression level and activity of the involved transporters, receptors, and metabolizing enzymes and concludes that the regulatory mechanisms changing the physiological to a pathophysiological state are barely explored. The structure and the cellular composition of the human placental barrier are introduced. While steroid production, metabolism and transport in the placental syncytiotrophoblast have been explored for decades, few information is available for the role of placental-fetal endothelial cells in these processes. With regard to placental structure and function, significant differences exist between species. To further decipher physiologic pathways and their pathologic alterations in placental steroid handling, proper model systems are mandatory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waranya Chatuphonprasert
- Pathophysiology of the Placenta, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Faculty of Medicine, Mahasarakham University, Maha Sarakham, Thailand
| | - Kanokwan Jarukamjorn
- Research Group for Pharmaceutical Activities of Natural Products Using Pharmaceutical Biotechnology (PANPB), Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Isabella Ellinger
- Pathophysiology of the Placenta, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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