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Maternal vitamin D deficiency increases the risk of obesity in male offspring mice by affecting the immune response. Nutrition 2021; 87-88:111191. [PMID: 33744641 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2021.111191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Recently, many epidemiologic and animal studies have indicated that obesity has its origin in early stages of life, including the inappropriate balance of some nutrients. So the objectives of this study were to determine the risk of obesity in male offspring mice as a consequence of maternal vitamin D (VD) deficiency mediating the disordered immune response. METHODS C57BL/6J female mice 4 wk old were fed VD-deficient or normal reproductive diets during pregnancy and lactation. Their male offspring were given control and high-fat diets for 16 wk after weaning and then weighed and euthanized. The serum was collected for biochemical analyses. Epididymal (eWAT) and inguinal white adipose tissue (iWAT) were excised for histologic examination, immunohistochemistry, gene expression of inflammatory factors, and determination by flow cytometry of the proportions of immune cells. RESULTS Insufficient maternal VD intake exacerbated the development of obesity in male offspring mice that were both obese and non-obese, as evidenced by larger adipose cells and abnormal glucose and lipid metabolisms. Also, the expressions of proinflammatory cytokines were increased and that of anti-inflammatory cytokines was decreased in eWAT and/or iWAT in the maternal VD-deficient group, accompanied by higher levels of tumor necrosis factor-α and/or interferon-γ and lower levels of interleukin-4 and interleukin-10. Insufficient maternal VD intake was also observed to induce a shift in the profiles of immune cells in the eWAT and/or iWAT of male offspring that were both obese and non-obese, resulting in increased percentages of M1 macrophages, adipose tissue dendritic cells, and CD4+ and CD8+ T cells but a significant decrease in the percentages of M2 macrophages. All these changes in the immune cell profile were more obvious in the eWAT than those in the iWAT. CONCLUSIONS Maternal VD deficiency might promote the development of obesity in male offspring mice partly by modulating the immune cell populations and causing a polarization in the adipose depots.
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Ito Y, Tsuda H, Imai K, Miki R, Miura M, Tachi A, Tano S, Hirako-Takamura S, Moriyama Y, Ushida T, Kobayashi T, Sumigama S, Kajiyama H, Kikkawa F, Kotani T. Vitamin D improves pulmonary function in a rat model for congenital diaphragmatic hernia. Arch Biochem Biophys 2021; 700:108769. [PMID: 33484710 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2021.108769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is an anomaly caused by defects in the diaphragm; the resulting limited thorax cavity in turn restricts lung growth (pulmonary hypoplasia). This condition is related to pulmonary hypertension. Despite advances in neonatal CDH therapy, the mortality for severe pulmonary hypoplasia remains high. Therefore, it is essential to establish prenatal therapeutic interventions. Vitamin D was reported to have beneficial effects on adult pulmonary hypertension. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of prenatal vitamin D administration for CDH. First, serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels in umbilical cord blood were evaluated among CDH newborns. Second, Sprague Dawley rat CDH models were exposed to nitrofen on embryo day 9 (E9). Randomly selected rats in the nitrofen-treated group were infused with calcitriol from E9 to E21. Samples from CDH pups diagnosed after birth were used for lung weight measurements, blood gas analysis, and immunohistochemical analysis. Third, microarray analysis was performed to examine the effect of vitamin D on gene expression profiles in CDH pulmonary arterial tissues. Serum 25(OH)D levels in the umbilical cord blood of newborns who did not survive were significantly lower than those who were successfully discharged. Prenatal vitamin D showed no significant effect on CDH incidence or lung weight but attenuated alveolarization and pulmonary artery remodeling accompanied the improved blood gas parameters. Vitamin D inhibited several gene expression pathways in the pulmonary arteries of CDH rats. Our results suggest that prenatal vitamin D administration attenuates pulmonary vascular remodeling by influencing several gene pathways in CDH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumiko Ito
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Japanese Red Cross Nagoya Daiichi Hospital, Nagoya, Aichi, 453-8511, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Tsuda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Japanese Red Cross Nagoya Daiichi Hospital, Nagoya, Aichi, 453-8511, Japan
| | - Kenji Imai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Rika Miki
- Laboratory of Bell Research Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Collaborative Research, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Mayo Miura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Asuka Tachi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Sho Tano
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Shima Hirako-Takamura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kasugai Municipal Hospital, Kasugai, Aichi, 486-8510, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Moriyama
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fujita Health University Graduate School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, 470-1192, Japan
| | - Takafumi Ushida
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Tomoko Kobayashi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Seiji Sumigama
- Office of International Affairs, International Medical Education, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kajiyama
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Fumitaka Kikkawa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Tomomi Kotani
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan; Centre for Maternal-Neonatal Care, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8560, Japan.
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Jeong H, Vacanti NM. Systemic vitamin intake impacting tissue proteomes. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2020; 17:73. [PMID: 32863845 PMCID: PMC7449053 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-020-00491-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The kinetics and localization of the reactions of metabolism are coordinated by the enzymes that catalyze them. These enzymes are controlled via a myriad of mechanisms including inhibition/activation by metabolites, compartmentalization, thermodynamics, and nutrient sensing-based transcriptional or post-translational regulation; all of which are influenced as a network by the activities of metabolic enzymes and have downstream potential to exert direct or indirect control over protein abundances. Considering many of these enzymes are active only when one or more vitamin cofactors are present; the availability of vitamin cofactors likely yields a systems-influence over tissue proteomes. Furthermore, vitamins may influence protein abundances as nuclear receptor agonists, antioxidants, substrates for post-translational modifications, molecular signal transducers, and regulators of electrolyte homeostasis. Herein, studies of vitamin intake are explored for their contribution to unraveling vitamin influence over protein expression. As a body of work, these studies establish vitamin intake as a regulator of protein abundance; with the most powerful demonstrations reporting regulation of proteins directly related to the vitamin of interest. However, as a whole, the field has not kept pace with advances in proteomic platforms and analytical methodologies, and has not moved to validate mechanisms of regulation or potential for clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heesoo Jeong
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY USA
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Shi J, Fan J, Su Q, Yang Z. Cytokines and Abnormal Glucose and Lipid Metabolism. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:703. [PMID: 31736870 PMCID: PMC6833922 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Clear evidence indicates that cytokines, for instance, adipokines, hepatokines, inflammatory cytokines, myokines, and osteokines, contribute substantially to the development of abnormal glucose and lipid metabolism. Some cytokines play a positive role in metabolism action, while others have a negative metabolic role linking to the induction of metabolic dysfunction. The mechanisms involved are not fully understood, but are associated with lipid accumulation in organs and tissues, especially in the adipose and liver tissue, changes in energy metabolism, and inflammatory signals derived from various cell types, including immune cells. In this review, we describe the roles of certain cytokines in the regulation of metabolism and inter-organ signaling in regard to the pathophysiological aspects. Given the disease-related changes in circulating levels of relevant cytokines, these factors may serve as biomarkers for the early detection of metabolic disorders. Moreover, based on preclinical studies, certain cytokines that can induce improvements in glucose and lipid metabolism and immune response may emerge as novel targets of broader and more efficacious treatments and prevention of metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Shi
- Department of Endocrinology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiangao Fan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Digestion and Nutrition, Department of Gastroenterology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing Su
- Department of Endocrinology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhen Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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