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Schüler-Toprak S, Skrzypczak M, Gründker C, Ortmann O, Treeck O. Role of Estrogen Receptor β, G-Protein Coupled Estrogen Receptor and Estrogen-Related Receptors in Endometrial and Ovarian Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:2845. [PMID: 37345182 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15102845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian and endometrial cancers are affected by estrogens and their receptors. It has been long known that in different types of cancers, estrogens activate tumor cell proliferation via estrogen receptor α (ERα). In contrast, the role of ERs discovered later, including ERβ and G-protein-coupled ER (GPER1), in cancer is less well understood, but the current state of knowledge indicates them to have a considerable impact on both cancer development and progression. Moreover, estrogen related receptors (ERRs) have been reported to affect pathobiology of many tumor types. This article provides a summary and update of the current findings on the role of ERβ, GPER1, and ERRs in ovarian and endometrial cancer. For this purpose, original research articles on the role of ERβ, GPER1, and ERRs in ovarian and endometrial cancers listed in the PubMed database have been reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Schüler-Toprak
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Medical Center Regensburg, Caritas-Hospital St. Josef, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Maciej Skrzypczak
- Second Department of Gynecology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-954 Lublin, Poland
| | - Carsten Gründker
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Olaf Ortmann
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Medical Center Regensburg, Caritas-Hospital St. Josef, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Oliver Treeck
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Medical Center Regensburg, Caritas-Hospital St. Josef, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
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Zhou Y, Lei P, Han J, Wang Z, Ji A, Wu Y, Zheng L, Zhang X, Qu C, Min J, Zhu W, Xu Z, Liu X, Chen H, Cheng Z. Development of a Novel 18F-Labeled Probe for PET Imaging of Estrogen Receptor β. J Med Chem 2023; 66:1210-1220. [PMID: 36602888 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c00761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Estrogen receptor beta (ERβ) is an important ER subtype that plays crucial roles in many physiological and pathological disorders. Herein, we developed the probe [18F]PVBO for in vivo ERβ targeted PET imaging and obtained promising results. The nonradioactive PVBO showed a 12.5-fold stronger binding affinity to ERβ than to ERα in vitro. In vitro assays revealed the specific uptake of [18F]PVBO by DU145 cells. The uptake of [18F]PVBO by DU145 xenografts increased during the 120 min dynamic scanning, with a maximum uptake of 2.80 ± 0.30% ID/g. Based on time activity curves (TACs), the injection of [18F]PVBO with unlabeled PVBO or ERB-041 resulted in a significant signal reduction with the tumor/muscle (T/M) ratio <1 at 30, 60, 75, and 120 min post-injection (p < 0.05). [18F]PVBO demonstrates the feasibility of noninvasively imaging ERβ-positive tumors by small-animal PET and provides a new strategy for visualizing ERβ in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujing Zhou
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 12 Urumchi Middle Road, Jing'an District, Shanghai, 200040, China.,State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Molecular Imaging Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, Pudong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201399, China.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250012, China
| | - Peng Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Molecular Imaging Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Jiaxin Han
- Drug Discovery and Design Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Zhiming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Molecular Imaging Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Aiyan Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Molecular Imaging Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yuyang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Molecular Imaging Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Lingling Zheng
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 12 Urumchi Middle Road, Jing'an District, Shanghai, 200040, China.,State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Molecular Imaging Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, Pudong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201399, China
| | - Xiaoqing Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 12 Urumchi Middle Road, Jing'an District, Shanghai, 200040, China.,State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Molecular Imaging Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, Pudong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201399, China
| | - Chunrong Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Molecular Imaging Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Jian Min
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430062, China.,Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430062, China
| | - Weiliang Zhu
- Drug Discovery and Design Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Zhijian Xu
- Drug Discovery and Design Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Xingdang Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 12 Urumchi Middle Road, Jing'an District, Shanghai, 200040, China.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, Pudong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201399, China
| | - Hao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Molecular Imaging Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Zhen Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Molecular Imaging Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China.,Shandong Laboratory of Yantai Drug Discovery, Bohai Rim Advanced Research Institute for Drug Discovery, Yantai, 264117, China
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Madalena IR, Marañón-Vásquez GA, Omori MA, de Sousa ET, da Silveira HA, León JE, Baratto-Filho F, Alves SYF, Stuani MBS, Nelson-Filho P, Kirschneck C, Küchler EC. Evaluation of tooth eruption rate of incisor teeth in rats with estrogen deficiency. Clin Oral Investig 2023; 27:345-352. [PMID: 36260168 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-022-04738-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the influence of estrogen deficiency on tooth eruption rate (TER) and gene expression of estrogen receptor alpha and beta (ERα and ERβ) in the odontogenic region of teeth with continuous formation in a rat model. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ovariectomies (OVX; n = 25) and sham surgeries (SHAM; n = 25) were performed in female Wistar rats when animals were 25 days old. The TER of the lower incisors, both in impeded (hyperfunction condition) and unimpeded (trimmed incisal edge-hypofunction condition) conditions, was evaluated using standardized digital photographs acquired every 48-72 h for 3 weeks (35th-53rd day of life), using a camera coupled to a stereomicroscope. Quantitative real-time PCR was performed to evaluate the relative gene expression of ERα and ERβ in the odontogenic region. RESULTS The OVX group showed a significant reduction in TER when compared to the SHAM group, only in the impeded condition (p = 0.03). There was no statistically significant difference between the groups in ERα gene expression (p = 0.33). ERβ showed a significantly higher gene expression in the OVX group (p ≤ 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Estrogen deficiency decreases TER in teeth under impeded condition. Estrogen deficiency also increases ERβ gene expression in the odontogenic region of teeth with continuous formation. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Hormonal disturbances affecting estrogen levels can cause alterations in dental formation and teeth eruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabela Ribeiro Madalena
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Avenida Do Café S/N, Campus da USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-904, Brazil
| | - Guido Artemio Marañón-Vásquez
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Universitária, Rua Prof. Rodolpho Paulo Rocco 325, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-617, Brazil
| | - Marjorie Ayumi Omori
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Avenida Do Café S/N, Campus da USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-904, Brazil
| | - Emerson Tavares de Sousa
- Department of Health Sciences and Pediatric Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Avenida Limeira 901, Areião, Piracicaba, SP, 13414-903, Brazil
| | - Heitor Albergoni da Silveira
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, Araraquara Dental School, São Paulo State University, Rua Humaitá, Araraquara, CentroSP, 168014801-903, Brazil
| | - Jorge Esquiche León
- Department of Stomatology, Public Health and Forensic Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Avenida Do Café S/N, Campus da USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-904, Brazil
| | - Flares Baratto-Filho
- School of Dentistry, University of the Joinville Region, Rua Paulo Malschitzki, s/n, Joinville, SC, 89219-710, Brazil
| | - Sandra Yasuyo Fukada Alves
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Avenida Do Café S/N, Campus da USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-904, Brazil
| | - Maria Bernadete Sasso Stuani
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Avenida Do Café S/N, Campus da USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-904, Brazil
| | - Paulo Nelson-Filho
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Avenida Do Café S/N, Campus da USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-904, Brazil
| | - Christian Kirschneck
- Department of Orthodontics, University Medical Centre of Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Erika Calvano Küchler
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Avenida Do Café S/N, Campus da USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-904, Brazil. .,Department of Orthodontics, University Medical Centre of Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany.
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Fehsel K, Christl J. Comorbidity of osteoporosis and Alzheimer's disease: Is `AKT `-ing on cellular glucose uptake the missing link? Ageing Res Rev 2022; 76:101592. [PMID: 35192961 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Osteoporosis and Alzheimer's disease (AD) are both degenerative diseases. Osteoporosis often proceeds cognitive deficits, and multiple studies have revealed common triggers that lead to energy deficits in brain and bone. Risk factors for osteoporosis and AD, such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, aging, chemotherapy, vitamin deficiency, alcohol abuse, and apolipoprotein Eε4 and/or Il-6 gene variants, reduce cellular glucose uptake, and protective factors, such as estrogen, insulin, exercise, mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors, hydrogen sulfide, and most phytochemicals, increase uptake. Glucose uptake is a fine-tuned process that depends on an abundance of glucose transporters (Gluts) on the cell surface. Gluts are stored in vesicles under the plasma membrane, and protective factors cause these vesicles to fuse with the membrane, resulting in presentation of Gluts on the cell surface. This translocation depends mainly on AKT kinase signaling and can be affected by a range of factors. Reduced AKT kinase signaling results in intracellular glucose deprivation, which causes endoplasmic reticulum stress and iron depletion, leading to activation of HIF-1α, the transcription factor necessary for higher Glut expression. The link between diseases and aging is a topic of growing interest. Here, we show that diseases that affect the same biochemical pathways tend to co-occur, which may explain why osteoporosis and/or diabetes are often associated with AD.
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The Effect of Low Doses of Zearalenone (ZEN) on the Bone Marrow Microenvironment and Haematological Parameters of Blood Plasma in Pre-Pubertal Gilts. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14020105. [PMID: 35202133 PMCID: PMC8880195 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14020105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine whether low doses of zearalenone (ZEN) influence the carry-over of ZEN and its metabolites to the bone marrow microenvironment and, consequently, haematological parameters. Pre-pubertal gilts (with a body weight of up to 14.5 kg) were exposed to daily ZEN doses of 5 μg/kg BW (group ZEN5, n = 15), 10 μg/kg BW (group ZEN10, n = 15), 15 μg/kg BW (group ZEN15, n = 15), or were administered a placebo (group C, n = 15) throughout the entire experiment. Bone marrow was sampled on three dates (exposure dates 7, 21, and 42—after slaughter) and blood for haematological analyses was sampled on 10 dates. Significant differences in the analysed haematological parameters (WBC White Blood Cells, MONO—Monocytes, NEUT—Neutrophils, LYMPH—Lymphocytes, LUC—Large Unstained Cells, RBC—Red Blood Cells, HGB—Haemoglobin, HCT—Haematocrit, MCH—Mean Corpuscular Volume, MCHC—Mean Corpuscular Haemoglobin Concentrations, PLT—Platelet Count and MPV—Mean Platelet Volume) were observed between groups. The results of the experiment suggest that exposure to low ZEN doses triggered compensatory and adaptive mechanisms, stimulated the local immune system, promoted eryptosis, intensified mycotoxin biotransformation processes in the liver, and produced negative correlations between mycotoxin concentrations and selected haematological parameters.
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Kowalczyk W, Waliszczak G, Jach R, Dulińska-Litewka J. Steroid Receptors in Breast Cancer: Understanding of Molecular Function as a Basis for Effective Therapy Development. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:4779. [PMID: 34638264 PMCID: PMC8507808 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13194779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Revised: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer remains one of the most important health problems worldwide. The family of steroid receptors (SRs), which comprise estrogen (ER), progesterone (PR), androgen (AR), glucocorticoid (GR) and mineralocorticoid (MR) receptors, along with a receptor for a secosteroid-vitamin D, play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of the disease. They function predominantly as nuclear receptors to regulate gene expression, however, their full spectrum of action reaches far beyond this basic mechanism. SRs are involved in a vast variety of interactions with other proteins, including extensive crosstalk with each other. How they affect the biology of a breast cell depends on such factors as post-translational modifications, expression of coregulators, or which SR isoform is predominantly synthesized in a given cellular context. Although ER has been successfully utilized as a breast cancer therapy target for years, research on therapeutic application of other SRs is still ongoing. Designing effective hormone therapies requires thorough understanding of the molecular function of the SRs. Over the past decades, huge amount of data was obtained in multiple studies exploring this field, therefore in this review we attempt to summarize the current knowledge in a comprehensive way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Kowalczyk
- Chair of Medical Biochemistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 7 Kopernika St., 31-034 Kraków, Poland; (W.K.); (G.W.)
| | - Grzegorz Waliszczak
- Chair of Medical Biochemistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 7 Kopernika St., 31-034 Kraków, Poland; (W.K.); (G.W.)
| | - Robert Jach
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 23 Kopernika St., 31-501 Kraków, Poland;
| | - Joanna Dulińska-Litewka
- Chair of Medical Biochemistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 7 Kopernika St., 31-034 Kraków, Poland; (W.K.); (G.W.)
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Liu H, Yi X, Tu S, Cheng C, Luo J. Kaempferol promotes BMSC osteogenic differentiation and improves osteoporosis by downregulating miR-10a-3p and upregulating CXCL12. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2021; 520:111074. [PMID: 33157164 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2020.111074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Kaempferol has improved the functions of various human diseases. Here, we aimed to probe into the potential molecular mechanism of Kaempferol to ameliorate osteoporosis. METHODS Micro-computed tomography scanning was applied to assess the bone density of osteoporosis rats induced by ovariectomized. Quantitative real-time PCR was applied to detect the expressions of RUNX2, Osterix, CXCL12, and miR-10a-3p. Western blot, Alizarin red staining, Alkaline Phosphatase Diethanolamine Activity Kit were applied to confirm the in vitro functions of Kaempferol. RNA Immunoprecipitation and dual-luciferase reporter gene experiments were applied to study the potential mechanism. RESULTS The treatment of Kaempferol raised bone density in osteoporosis rats induced by ovariectomized, and boosted the osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs), and raised the expressions of RUNX2, Osterix, and CXCL12, and lessened miR-10a-3p. From the potential mechanism analysis, we corroborated that miR-10a-3p and CXCL12 bound to each other, and Kaempferol boosted BMSC osteogenic differentiation and ameliorated osteoporosis by lessening miR-10a-3p and raising CXCL12. CONCLUSION Our data expounded that Kaempferol boosted BMSC osteogenic differentiation and ameliorated osteoporosis by lessening miR-10a-3p and raising CXCL12.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Liu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Xin Yi
- Medical College of Yichun Vocational and Technical College, Yichun, China
| | - ShuTing Tu
- College of Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Chong Cheng
- College of Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jun Luo
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China.
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8
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Shen Y, Li C, Zhou L, Huang JA. G protein-coupled oestrogen receptor promotes cell growth of non-small cell lung cancer cells via YAP1/QKI/circNOTCH1/m6A methylated NOTCH1 signalling. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 25:284-296. [PMID: 33237585 PMCID: PMC7810948 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Results from various studies reveal that the role of G protein‐coupled oestrogen receptor (GPER) is cancer‐context dependent, and the function of GPER in non–small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is still unclear. The present study demonstrated that neoplasm lung tissues expressed higher level of GPER compared with the normal lung tissues. The clinical data also showed that GPER expression level was positively correlated with the tumour stage of NSCLC. Our experimental data confirmed that GPER played an oncogenic role to promote cell growth of NSCLC cells. Mechanistic dissection revealed that GPER could modulate the NOTCH1 pathway to regulate cell growth in NSCLC cells. Further exploration of the mechanism demonstrated that GPER could up‐regulate circNOTCH1, which could compete with NOTCH1 mRNA for METTL14 binding. Because of the lack of m6A modification by METTL14 on the NOTCH1 mRNA, NOTCH1 mRNA was more stable and much easier to undergo protein translation. Subsequently, we found that GPER could prevent YAP1 phosphorylation and promote YAP1‐TEAD's transcriptional regulation on QKI, a transacting RNA‐binding factor involved in circRNA biogenesis, to facilitate circNOTCH1 generation. Supportively, data from preclinical mice model with implantation of H1299 cells also demonstrated that knock‐down of circNOTCH1 could block GPER‐induced NOTCH1 to suppress NSCLC tumour growth. Together, our data showed that GPER could promote NSCLC cell growth via regulating the YAP1/QKI/circNOTCH1/m6A methylated NOTCH1 pathway, and targeting our identified molecules may be a potentially therapeutic approach to suppress NSCLC development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Shen
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
| | - Chong Li
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
| | - Lin Zhou
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
| | - Jian-An Huang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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Abstract
Breast cancer, a malignant tumor originating from mammary epithelial tissue, is the most common cancer among women worldwide. Challenges facing the diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer necessitate the search for new mechanisms and drugs to improve outcomes. Estrogen receptor (ER) is considered to be important for determining the diagnosis and treatment strategy. The discovery of the second estrogen receptor, ERβ, provides an opportunity to understand estrogen action. The emergence of ERβ can be traced back to 1996. Over the past 20 years, an increasing body of evidence has implicated the vital effect of ERβ in breast cancer. Although there is controversy among scholars, ERβ is generally thought to have antiproliferative effects in disease progression. This review summarizes available evidence regarding the involvement of ERβ in the clinical treatment and prognosis of breast cancer and describes signaling pathways associated with ERβ. We hope to highlight the potential of ERβ as a therapeutic target.
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Gu C, Ren P, Zhang F, Zhao G, Shen J, Zhao B. Detection of Six β-Agonists by Three Multiresidue Immunosensors Based on an Anti-bovine Serum Albumin-Ractopamine-Clenbuterol-Salbutamol Antibody. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:5548-5555. [PMID: 32201848 PMCID: PMC7081638 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c00249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
According to an indirect competitive immunoassay, six β-agonists (clenbuterol (CL), salbutamol (SAL), ractopamine (RAC), terbutaline (TER), mabuterol (MAB), and tulobuterol (TUL)) were detected by three novel multiresidue immunosensors on the basis of the successful preparation of bovine serum albumin (BSA)-RAC-CL-SAL multideterminant antigen and anti-BSA-RAC-CL-SAL antibody. A new strategy was reported to detect six β-agonists by combining nanotechnology, electrochemical detection, and specific immune technology. At the same concentration, the amperometric response for detection of six β-agonists was in a sequence of GCE/GNP/SAL > GCE/GNP/RAC > GCE/GNP/CL. Detection limits of six β-agonists show that the multiresidue detection performance of the GCE/GNP/RAC immunosensor is better than those of GCE/GNP/SAL and GCE/GNP/CL immunosensors. Three immunosensors manifest superior properties with a wide linear range, low detection limit, excellent reproducibility, and stability. The proposed GCE/GNP/RAC immunosensor displays high accuracy and can be effectively used for real sample detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxi Gu
- National
and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Functional
Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Pengfei Ren
- National
and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Functional
Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- National
and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Functional
Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Guozheng Zhao
- Key
Laboratory of Magnetic Molecules & Magnetic Information Materials
Ministry of Education, The School of Chemistry and Material Science, Shanxi Normal University, Linfen 041004, China
| | - Jian Shen
- National
and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Functional
Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Bo Zhao
- National
and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Functional
Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
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