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Pan J, Wu J, Zhang S, Wang K, Ji G, Zhou W, Dang Y. Targeted metabolomics revealed the mechanisms underlying the role of Liansu capsule in ameliorating functional dyspepsia. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 321:117568. [PMID: 38092317 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Liansu capsule could alleviate dyspeptic symptoms; however, the mechanisms underlying its role in treating functional dyspepsia (FD) remain unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY To elucidate the mechanism underlying the efficacy of Liansu capsule in alleviating FD symptoms. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty-six male mice were randomly divided into the following six groups: control, model, low-strength Liansu, moderate-strength Liansu, high-strength Liansu, and domperidone groups. Small intestine propulsion rate, gastric residual rate and histopathological analysis were performed to evaluate efficacy of Liansu capsule. Levels of interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor α, phosphorylation of p65, ghrelin and gastrin were verified by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and immunofluorescence assays. Targeted metabolomic analyses, western blotting and immunofluorescence assays were used to explore the mechanism of Liansu capsule in ameliorating FD. RESULTS The Liansu capsule significantly ameliorated the symptoms of FD, and markedly increased the levels of ghrelin and gastrin. Moreover, Liansu capsule significantly downregulated the levels of the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor α, and inhibited the phosphorylation of p65. Targeted metabolomic analyses showed that Liansu capsule significantly reduced the levels of deoxycholic acid and hyodeoxycholic acid, which were significantly elevated in the model group. Furthermore, these results showed that deoxycholic acid and hyodeoxycholic acid markedly promoted the levels of Takeda G-protein-coupled receptor 5 (TGR5), phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), and Kruppel-like factor 5 (KLF5) in vitro. whereas, Liansu capsule significantly reduced the levels of TGR5, phosphorylated STAT3, and KLF5. CONCLUSION Our findings indicated that Liansu capsule improved FD by regulating the deoxycholic acid/hyodeoxycholic acid-TGR5-STAT3-KLF5 axis. The findings reveal a novel mechanism underlying the role of Liansu capsule, which may be a promising therapeutic strategy for FD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiashu Pan
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, China-Canada Center of Research for Digestive Diseases (ccCRDD), Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Jiaxuan Wu
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, China-Canada Center of Research for Digestive Diseases (ccCRDD), Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Shengan Zhang
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, China-Canada Center of Research for Digestive Diseases (ccCRDD), Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Kai Wang
- Experiment Center for Science and Technology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Guang Ji
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, China-Canada Center of Research for Digestive Diseases (ccCRDD), Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Wenjun Zhou
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, China-Canada Center of Research for Digestive Diseases (ccCRDD), Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Yanqi Dang
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, China-Canada Center of Research for Digestive Diseases (ccCRDD), Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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Oleszycka E, O’Brien EC, Freeley M, Lavelle EC, Long A. Bile acids induce IL-1α and drive NLRP3 inflammasome-independent production of IL-1β in murine dendritic cells. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1285357. [PMID: 38090554 PMCID: PMC10711081 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1285357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Bile acids are amphipathic molecules that are synthesized from cholesterol in the liver and facilitate intestinal absorption of lipids and nutrients. They are released into the small intestine upon ingestion of a meal where intestinal bacteria can modify primary into secondary bile acids. Bile acids are cytotoxic at high concentrations and have been associated with inflammatory diseases such as liver inflammation and Barrett's Oesophagus. Although bile acids induce pro-inflammatory signalling, their role in inducing innate immune cytokines and inflammation has not been fully explored to date. Here we demonstrate that the bile acids, deoxycholic acid (DCA) and chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) induce IL-1α and IL-1β secretion in vitro in primed bone marrow derived dendritic cells (BMDCs). The secretion of IL-1β was found not to require expression of NLRP3, ASC or caspase-1 activity; we can't rule out all inflammasomes. Furthermore, DCA and CDCA were shown to induce the recruitment of neutrophils and monocytes to the site of injection an intraperitoneal model of inflammation. This study further underlines a mechanistic role for bile acids in the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases through stimulating the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and recruitment of innate immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Oleszycka
- Adjuvant Research Group, School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Eoin C. O’Brien
- Adjuvant Research Group, School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Michael Freeley
- School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ed C. Lavelle
- Adjuvant Research Group, School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Aideen Long
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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Ueda H, Jeong HJ. Generation of a Recombinant scFv against Deoxycholic Acid and Its Conversion to a Quenchbody for One-Step Immunoassay. Methods Protoc 2023; 6:90. [PMID: 37888022 PMCID: PMC10608803 DOI: 10.3390/mps6050090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Development of a rapid detection method for deoxycholic acid (DCA) is crucial for its diagnosis in the early stages of inflammation and cancer. In this study, we expressed a soluble recombinant anti-DCA single-chain variable fragment (scFv) in Escherichia coli. To convert scFv into a Quenchbody (Q-body), we labeled scFv using commercially available maleimide-linked fluorophores. The TAMRA-C5-maleimide-conjugated Q-body showed the highest response within a few minutes of DCA addition, indicating its applicability as a wash-free immunoassay probe for onsite DCA detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Ueda
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan;
| | - Hee-Jin Jeong
- Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Hongik University, Sejong 30016, Republic of Korea
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Targeting Strategies for Aberrant Lipid Metabolism Reprogramming and the Immune Microenvironment in Esophageal Cancer: A Review. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2022; 2022:4257359. [PMID: 36106333 PMCID: PMC9467784 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4257359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Esophageal cancer is of high importance to occurrence, development, and treatment resistance. As evidenced by recent studies, pathways (e.g., Wnt/β-catenin, AMPK, and Hippo) are critical to the proliferation, differentiation, and self-renewal of esophageal cancer. In addition, the above pathways play a certain role in regulating esophageal cancer and act as potential therapeutic targets. Over the past few years, the function of lipid metabolism in controlling tumor cells and immune cells has aroused extensive attention. It has been reported that there are intricate interactions between lipid metabolism reprogramming between immune and esophageal cancer cells, whereas molecular mechanisms should be studied in depth. Immune cells have been commonly recognized as a vital player in the esophageal cancer microenvironment, having complex crosstalk with cancer cells. It is increasingly evidenced that the function of immune cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME) is significantly correlated with abnormal lipid metabolism. In this review, the latest findings in lipid metabolism reprogramming in TME are summarized, and the above findings are linked to esophageal cancer progression. Aberrant lipid metabolism and associated signaling pathways are likely to serve as a novel strategy to treat esophageal cancer through lipid metabolism reprogramming.
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Yang R, Qian L. Research on Gut Microbiota-Derived Secondary Bile Acids in Cancer Progression. Integr Cancer Ther 2022; 21:15347354221114100. [PMID: 35880833 PMCID: PMC9421216 DOI: 10.1177/15347354221114100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The interaction between gut microbiota-derived metabolites and the body plays a
significant role in the occurrence and development of cancer. Secondary bile
acids (BAs) are the important products produced from gut microbial fermentation
of primary BAs, mainly deoxycholic acid (DCA) and lithocholic acid (LCA). In the
gut, they can influence the structure of the microbial communities. Several
studies have demonstrated that secondary BAs, as signaling molecules, can
activate a variety of signaling pathways. They can inhibit the apoptosis of
cancer cells, induce the progression of cancer cell cycles, enhance the ability
of metastasis and invasion of cancer cells, and promote the transformation of
cells into cancer stem cells (CSCs). Moreover, secondary BAs promote cancer by
regulating the function of immune cells. Therefore, targeted manipulation of gut
microbial and secondary BAs has the potential to be developed as for treatment
and prevention of various cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Yang
- Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Li Qian
- Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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Li Y, Xu G, Zhou B, Tang Y, Liu X, Wu Y, Wang Y, Kong J, Xu T, He C, Zhu S, Wang X, Zhang J. Effects of acids, pepsin, bile acids, and trypsin on laryngopharyngeal reflux diseases: physiopathology and therapeutic targets. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2021; 279:2743-2752. [PMID: 34860271 PMCID: PMC9072476 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-021-07201-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Laryngopharyngeal reflux disease (LPRD) is a general term for the reflux of gastroduodenal contents into the laryngopharynx, oropharynx and even the nasopharynx, causing a series of symptoms and signs. Currently, little is known regarding the physiopathology of LPRD, and proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are the drugs of choice for treatment. Although acid reflux plays a critical role in LPRD, PPIs fail to relieve symptoms in up to 40% of patients with LPRD. The influence of other reflux substances on LPRD, including pepsin, bile acid, and trypsin, has received increasing attention. Clarification of the substances involved in LPRD is the basis for LPRD treatment. METHODS A review of the effects of acids, pepsin, bile acids, and trypsin on laryngopharyngeal reflux diseases was conducted in PubMed. RESULTS Different reflux substances have different effects on LPRD, which will cause various symptoms, inflammatory diseases and neoplastic diseases of the laryngopharynx. For LPRD caused by different reflux substances, 24-h multichannel intraluminal impedance combined with pH-metry (MII-pH), salivary pepsin, bile acid and other tests should be established so that different drugs and treatment courses can be used to provide patients with more personalized treatment plans. CONCLUSION This article summarizes the research progress of different reflux substances on the pathogenesis, detection index and treatment of LPRD and lays a theoretical foundation to develop target drugs and clinical diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yading Li
- Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 110 Ganhe Road, Hongkou District, Shanghai, 200437 China
| | - Gaofan Xu
- Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 110 Ganhe Road, Hongkou District, Shanghai, 200437 China
| | - Bingduo Zhou
- Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 110 Ganhe Road, Hongkou District, Shanghai, 200437 China
| | - Yishuang Tang
- Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 110 Ganhe Road, Hongkou District, Shanghai, 200437 China
| | - Xiaowen Liu
- Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 110 Ganhe Road, Hongkou District, Shanghai, 200437 China
| | - Yue Wu
- Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 110 Ganhe Road, Hongkou District, Shanghai, 200437 China
| | - Yi Wang
- Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 110 Ganhe Road, Hongkou District, Shanghai, 200437 China
| | - Jing Kong
- Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 110 Ganhe Road, Hongkou District, Shanghai, 200437 China
| | - Tingting Xu
- Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 110 Ganhe Road, Hongkou District, Shanghai, 200437 China
| | - Cong He
- Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 110 Ganhe Road, Hongkou District, Shanghai, 200437 China
| | - Shengliang Zhu
- Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 110 Ganhe Road, Hongkou District, Shanghai, 200437 China
| | - Xiaosu Wang
- Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 110 Ganhe Road, Hongkou District, Shanghai, 200437 China
| | - Jianning Zhang
- Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 110 Ganhe Road, Hongkou District, Shanghai, 200437 China
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