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Mann MD, Wang M, Ferreon JC, Suess MP, Jain A, Malovannaya A, Pascal BD, Kumar R, Edwards DP, Griffin PR. Structural proteomics defines a sequential priming mechanism for the progesterone receptor. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.09.06.611729. [PMID: 39282295 PMCID: PMC11398526 DOI: 10.1101/2024.09.06.611729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/19/2024]
Abstract
The progesterone receptor (PR) is a steroid-responsive nuclear receptor, expressed as two isoforms: PR-A and PR-B. The isoforms display distinct expression patterns and biological actions in reproductive target tissues and disruption of PR-A:PR-B signaling is associated with breast cancer development potentially by altering interactions with oncogenic co-regulatory protein (CoRs). However, the molecular details of isoform-specific PR-CoR interactions that influence progesterone signaling remain poorly understood. We employed structural mass spectrometry in this study to investigate the sequential binding mechanism of purified full-length PR and full-length CoRs, steroid receptor coactivator 3 (SRC3) and p300, as complexes with target DNA. Our findings reveal selective CoR NR-box binding by PR and novel interaction surfaces between PR, SRC3, and p300, which change during complex assembly. This provides a structural model for a sequential priming mechanism that activates PR. Comparisons of PR bound to progesterone agonist versus antagonist challenges the classical model of nuclear receptor activation and repression. Collectively, we offer a peptide-level perspective on the organization of the PR transcriptional complex and elucidate the mechanisms behind the interactions of these proteins, both in active and inactive conformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew D Mann
- Skaggs Graduate School of Chemical and Biological Sciences, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation & Technology, Jupiter, FL, 33458
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030 USA
| | - Josephine C Ferreon
- Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030
| | - Michael P Suess
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030 USA
| | - Antrix Jain
- Mass Spectrometry Proteomics Core Facility. Advanced Technology Cores, Baylor College of Medicine, Houstonm TX, 77030
| | - Anna Malovannaya
- Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030
| | - Bruce D Pascal
- Omics Informatics LLC. 1050 Bishop Street #517, Honolulu, HI 96813
| | - Raj Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Touro College of Pharmacy, Touro University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dean P Edwards
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030 USA
| | - Patrick R Griffin
- Skaggs Graduate School of Chemical and Biological Sciences, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation & Technology, Jupiter, FL, 33458
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Louw-du Toit R, Simons M, Africander D. Progestins and breast cancer hallmarks: The role of the ERK1/2 and JNK pathways in estrogen receptor positive breast cancer cells. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2024; 237:106440. [PMID: 38048919 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2023.106440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
Progestins used in hormonal contraceptives and menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) have been linked to increased breast cancer risk. Whether the association holds for all progestins is unclear and the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. We directly compared the effects of four progestins (medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA), norethisterone acetate (NET-A), levonorgestrel (LNG) and drospirenone (DRSP)) to each other and the natural progestogen progesterone (P4) on selected cancer hallmarks. To provide mechanistic insight into these effects, we assessed the role of the progesterone receptor (PR), and the extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK1/2) and c-Jun N terminal (JNK) signaling pathways. We showed that the increased proliferation of the luminal T47D breast cancer cell line by P4 and all progestins, albeit to different extents, was inhibited by PR knockdown and inhibition of both the ERK1/2 and JNK pathways. While knockdown of the PR also blocked the upregulation of MKI67 and CCND1 mRNA expression by selected progestogens, only a role for the ERK1/2 pathway could be established in these effects. Similarly, only a role for the ERK1/2 pathway could be confirmed for progestogen-induced colony formation, whereas both the ERK1/2 and JNK pathways were required for cell migration in response to the three older progestins implicated in the etiology of breast cancer, MPA, NET-A and LNG. Together our results show that all the progestins elicit their effects on cell proliferation via a mechanism requiring the PR, ERK1/2 and JNK pathways. While the ERK1/2 and JNK pathways are also required for increased cell migration by the older progestins, only a role for the ERK1/2 pathway could be established in their effects on colony formation. Notably, the cytoplasmic PR was not needed for activation of the ERK1/2 pathway by the progestogens. Given that DRSP showed significantly lower proliferation than MPA and NET-A, and that it had no effect on breast cancer cell migration and colony formation, hormonal formulations containing the newer generation progestin DRSP may provide a better benefit/risk profile towards breast cancer than those containing the older generation progestins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renate Louw-du Toit
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa.
| | - Mishkah Simons
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa.
| | - Donita Africander
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa.
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