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An Update on the Use of Molecularly Imprinted Polymers in Beta-Blocker Drug Analysis as a Selective Separation Method in Biological and Environmental Analysis. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27092880. [PMID: 35566233 PMCID: PMC9104958 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27092880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Beta-blockers are antihypertensive drugs and can be abused by athletes in some sport competitions; it is therefore necessary to monitor beta-blocker levels in biological samples. In addition, beta-blocker levels in environmental samples need to be monitored to determine whether there are contaminants from the activities of the pharmaceutical industry. Several extraction methods have been developed to separate beta-blocker drugs in a sample, one of which is molecularly imprinted polymer solid-phase extraction (MIP-SPE). MIPs have some advantages, including good selectivity, high affinity, ease of synthesis, and low cost. This review provides an overview of the polymerization methods for synthesizing MIPs of beta-blocker groups. The methods that are still widely used to synthesize MIPs for beta-blockers are the bulk polymerization method and the precipitation polymerization method. MIPs for beta-blockers still need further development, especially since many types of beta-blockers have not been used as templates in the MIP synthesis process and modification of the MIP sorbent is required, to obtain high throughput analysis.
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Chen F, Liao J, Wang J, He X, Ding X, Hu Q, Chen F, Wang S, Dong J, Wen Z, Chen C. Introducing a cell moisturizer: organogel nano-beads with rapid response to electrolytes for Prussian white analogue based non-aqueous potassium ion battery. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:9719-9722. [PMID: 32815959 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc03646c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Prussian white analogue nanoparticles were connected internally by a composite consisting of poly(butyl methacrylate) (PBMA) nano-gel and a conducting polymer layer via a one-step route. The powder falling problems have been mitigated by the intrinsic good binding strength of PBMA organogel; meanwhile, the conducting polymer provides extra transfer paths for electrons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversions, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Scienceand Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, China.
| | - Jiaying Liao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversions, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Scienceand Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, China.
| | - Junru Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversions, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Scienceand Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, China.
| | - Xiaodong He
- CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversions, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Scienceand Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, China.
| | - Xiang Ding
- CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversions, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Scienceand Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, China.
| | - Qiao Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversions, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Scienceand Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, China.
| | - Fei Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversions, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Scienceand Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, China.
| | - Shuo Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversions, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Scienceand Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, China.
| | - Jiemin Dong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversions, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Scienceand Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, China.
| | - Zhaoyin Wen
- Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Chunhua Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversions, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Scienceand Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, China.
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Alzahrani E, Abo‐Dief HM, Algethami F. Poly(butyl methacrylate)‐grafted alginate/
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nanocomposite: Synthesis and its application for removal of dyes. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.202000041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eman Alzahrani
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science Taif University Taif Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Hala M. Abo‐Dief
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science Taif University Taif Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute Nasr City Cairo Egypt
| | - Faouzia Algethami
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science Taif University Taif Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Hasanah AN, Maelaningsih FS, Apriliandi F, Sabarudin A. Synthesis and Characterisation of a Monolithic Imprinted Column Using a Methacrylic Acid Monomer with Porogen Propanol for Atenolol Analysis. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL METHODS IN CHEMISTRY 2020; 2020:3027618. [PMID: 32190401 PMCID: PMC7064834 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3027618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A monolithic imprinted atenolol column was constructed by in situ polymerisation using a methacrylic acid monomer and a 1 : 1 (v/v) porogen of propanol: toluene with two template: monomer: crosslinker combinations, namely, MIP 1 (1 : 4 : 20) and MIP 2 (1 : 5 : 20). Physical characterisation of the monolithic columns consisted of permeability testing, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) testing, surface area analysis (SAA), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The permeability value of four monolithic columns was in the good category: MIP 1 (24.01 mD), NIP 1 (56.43 mD), MIP 2 (23.03 mD), and NIP 2 (14.47 mD). The polymerisation process of these four monolithic imprinted columns was carried out perfectly, as shown by the absence of vinyl groups (1000 cm-1 and 900 cm-1) during FTIR testing. Based on SAA testing, the pores of the four polymers were classified as mesopores. The best monolithic column was MIP 1, as seen from the intercolumn and intracolumn reproducibility values and a % RSD <2.0%. The MIP 1 column was selective towards atenolol, as seen from the selectivity factor, imprinting factor (IF), and resolution (Rs) values. The IF values of MIP 1 were atenolol (204.62), metoprolol (3.36), and propranolol (1.27). The Rs value between atenolol and the analogue compounds was 7.23. The MIP 1 column can be used for the analysis of atenolol in blood serum samples with an average percentage recovery rate of 94.88 ± 4.43%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aliya Nur Hasanah
- Pharmaceutical Analysis and Medicinal Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jalan Raya Bandung Sumedang KM 21, 5, Sumedang, Indonesia
| | - Firdha Senja Maelaningsih
- Pharmaceutical Analysis and Medicinal Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jalan Raya Bandung Sumedang KM 21, 5, Sumedang, Indonesia
| | - Fadli Apriliandi
- Pharmaceutical Analysis and Medicinal Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jalan Raya Bandung Sumedang KM 21, 5, Sumedang, Indonesia
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Obbed MS, Aqel A, Al Othman Z, Badjah-Hadj-Ahmed AY. Preparation, characterization and application of polymethacrylate-based monolithic columns for fast and efficient separation of alkanes, alcohols, alkylbenzenes and isomeric mixtures by gas chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2018; 1555:89-99. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2018.04.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2018] [Revised: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Park S, Lee AS, Do YS, Kim JF, Hwang SS, Lee YM, Lee JH, Lee JS. Side-chain engineering of ladder-structured polysilsesquioxane membranes for gas separations. J Memb Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2016.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Guzman NA, Guzman DE. An emerging micro-scale immuno-analytical diagnostic tool to see the unseen. Holding promise for precision medicine and P4 medicine. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2016; 1021:14-29. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2015.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Revised: 11/15/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Preparation and characterization of alkyl methacrylate-based monolithic columns for capillary gas chromatography applications. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1301:200-8. [PMID: 23806355 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.05.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2013] [Revised: 05/26/2013] [Accepted: 05/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Gas chromatography (GC) is considered the least common application of both polymer and silica-based monolithic columns. This study describes the fabrication of alkyl methacrylate monolithic materials for use as stationary phases in capillary gas chromatography. Following the deactivation of the capillary surface with 3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl methacrylate (TMSM), the monoliths were formed by the co-polymerization of either hexyl methacrylate (HMA) or lauryl methacrylate (LMA) with different percentage of ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EDMA) in presence of an initiator (azobisisobutyronitrile, AIBN) and a mixture of porogens include 1-propanol, 1,4-butanediol and water. The monoliths were prepared in 500mm length capillaries possessing inner diameters of 250μm. The efficiencies of the monolithic columns for low molecular weight compounds significantly improved as the percentage of crosslinker was increased, because of the greater proportion of pores less than 50nm. The columns containing lower percentages of crosslinker were able to rapidly separate a series of 8 alkane members in 0.7min, but the separation was less efficient for the light alkanes. Columns prepared with the lauryl methacrylate monomer yielded a different morphology for the monolith-interconnected channels. The channels were more branched, which increased the separation time, and unlike the other columns, allowed for temperature programming.
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