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Akıcı ŞY, Bankoğlu Yola B, Karslıoğlu B, Polat İ, Atar N, Yola ML. Fenpicoxamid-Imprinted Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) Sensor Based on Sulfur-Doped Graphitic Carbon Nitride and Its Application to Rice Samples. Micromachines (Basel) 2023; 15:6. [PMID: 38276834 PMCID: PMC10820838 DOI: 10.3390/mi15010006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
This research attempt involved the development and utilization of a newly designed surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor which incorporated sulfur-doped graphitic carbon nitride (S-g-C3N4) as the molecular imprinting material. The primary objective was to employ this sensor for the quantitative analysis of Fenpicoxamid (FEN) in rice samples. The synthesis of S-g-C3N4 with excellent purity was achieved using the thermal poly-condensation approach, which adheres to the principles of green chemistry. Afterwards, UV polymerization was utilized to fabricate a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) chip imprinted with FEN, employing S-g-C3N4 as the substrate material. This process involved the inclusion of N,N'-azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) as the initiator, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) as the cross-linker, methacryloylamidoglutamic acid (MAGA) as the monomer, and FEN as the analyte. After successful structural analysis investigations on a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) chip utilizing S-g-C3N4, which was imprinted with FEN, a comprehensive investigation was conducted using spectroscopic, microscopic, and electrochemical techniques. Subsequently, the kinetic analysis applications, namely the determination of the limit of quantification (LOQ) and the limit of detection (LOD), were carried out. For analytical results, the linearity of the FEN-imprinted SPR chip based on S-g-C3N4 was determined as 1.0-10.0 ng L-1 FEN, and LOQ and LOD values were obtained as 1.0 ng L-1 and 0.30 ng L-1, respectively. Finally, the prepared SPR sensor's high selectivity, repeatability, reproducibility, and stability will ensure safe food consumption worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Şule Yıldırım Akıcı
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hasan Kalyoncu University, Gaziantep 27000, Turkey; (Ş.Y.A.); (İ.P.)
| | - Bahar Bankoğlu Yola
- Department of Engineering Basic Sciences, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Gaziantep Islam Science and Technology University, Gaziantep 27000, Turkey;
| | - Betül Karslıoğlu
- Department of Gastronomy and Culinary Arts, Faculty of Tourism, Hasan Kalyoncu University, Gaziantep 27000, Turkey;
| | - İlknur Polat
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hasan Kalyoncu University, Gaziantep 27000, Turkey; (Ş.Y.A.); (İ.P.)
| | - Necip Atar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Pamukkale University, Denizli 20160, Turkey;
| | - Mehmet Lütfi Yola
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hasan Kalyoncu University, Gaziantep 27000, Turkey; (Ş.Y.A.); (İ.P.)
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Mavioğlu Kaya M, Deveci HA, Kaya İ, Atar N, Yola ML. The Electrochemical Detection of Ochratoxin A in Apple Juice via MnCO 3 Nanostructures Incorporated into Carbon Fibers Containing a Molecularly Imprinting Polymer. Biosensors (Basel) 2023; 13:760. [PMID: 37622846 PMCID: PMC10452824 DOI: 10.3390/bios13080760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
A novel electrochemical sensor based on MnCO3 nanostructures incorporated into carbon fibers (MnCO3NS/CF), including a molecularly imprinting polymer (MIP), was developed for the determination of Ochratoxin A (OTA). In this study, a sensitive and selective sensor design for OTA detection was successfully performed by utilizing the selectivity and catalysis properties of MIP and the synthesized MnCO3NS/CF material at the same time. MnCO3 nanostructures incorporated into carbon fibers were first characterized by using various analytical techniques. The sensor revealed a linearity towards OTA in the range of 1.0 × 10-11-1.0 × 10-9 mol L-1 with a detection limit (LOD) of 2.0 × 10-12 mol L-1. The improved electrochemical signal strategy was achieved by high electrical conductivity on the electrode surface, providing fast electron transportation. In particular, the analysis process could be finished in less than 5.0 min without complex and expensive equipment. Lastly, the molecular imprinted electrochemical sensor also revealed superior stability, repeatability and reproducibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Müge Mavioğlu Kaya
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetic, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Kafkas University, Kars 36000, Turkey;
| | - Haci Ahmet Deveci
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep 27000, Turkey;
| | - İnan Kaya
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Kafkas University, Kars 36000, Turkey;
| | - Necip Atar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Pamukkale University, Denizli 20000, Turkey;
| | - Mehmet Lütfi Yola
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hasan Kalyoncu University, Gaziantep 27000, Turkey
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Deveci HA, Mavioğlu Kaya M, Kaya İ, Bankoğlu Yola B, Atar N, Yola ML. Bisphenol A Imprinted Electrochemical Sensor Based on Graphene Quantum Dots with Boron Functionalized g-C 3N 4 in Food Samples. Biosensors (Basel) 2023; 13:725. [PMID: 37504124 PMCID: PMC10377542 DOI: 10.3390/bios13070725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
A molecular imprinted electrochemical sensor based on boron-functionalized graphitic carbon nitride (B-g-C3N4) and graphene quantum dots (GQDs) was presented for selective determination of bisphenol A (BPA). In particular, by combining the selectivity and high stability properties, which are the most important advantages of molecular imprinted polymers, and the highly sensitive properties of GQDs/B-g-C3N4 nanocomposite, a highly selective and sensitive analytical method was developed for BPA analysis. Firstly, GQDs/B-g-C3N4 nanocomposite was characterized by using microscopic, spectroscopic, and electrochemical techniques. This novel molecular imprinted electrochemical sensor for BPA detection demonstrated a linearity of 1.0 × 10-11-1.0 × 10-9 M and a low detection limit (LOD, 3.0 × 10-12 M). BPA-imprinted polymer on GQDs/B-g-C3N4 nanocomposite also showed good stability, repeatability and selectivity in food samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haci Ahmet Deveci
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep 27000, Turkey
| | - Müge Mavioğlu Kaya
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetic, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Kafkas University, Kars 36000, Turkey
| | - İnan Kaya
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Kafkas University, Kars 36000, Turkey
| | - Bahar Bankoğlu Yola
- Department of Engineering Basic Sciences, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Gaziantep Islam Science and Technology University, Gaziantep 27000, Turkey
| | - Necip Atar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Pamukkale University, Denizli 20000, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Lütfi Yola
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hasan Kalyoncu University, Gaziantep 27000, Turkey
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Hasanah AN, Susanti I, Mutakin M. An Update on the Use of Molecularly Imprinted Polymers in Beta-Blocker Drug Analysis as a Selective Separation Method in Biological and Environmental Analysis. Molecules 2022; 27:2880. [PMID: 35566233 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27092880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Beta-blockers are antihypertensive drugs and can be abused by athletes in some sport competitions; it is therefore necessary to monitor beta-blocker levels in biological samples. In addition, beta-blocker levels in environmental samples need to be monitored to determine whether there are contaminants from the activities of the pharmaceutical industry. Several extraction methods have been developed to separate beta-blocker drugs in a sample, one of which is molecularly imprinted polymer solid-phase extraction (MIP-SPE). MIPs have some advantages, including good selectivity, high affinity, ease of synthesis, and low cost. This review provides an overview of the polymerization methods for synthesizing MIPs of beta-blocker groups. The methods that are still widely used to synthesize MIPs for beta-blockers are the bulk polymerization method and the precipitation polymerization method. MIPs for beta-blockers still need further development, especially since many types of beta-blockers have not been used as templates in the MIP synthesis process and modification of the MIP sorbent is required, to obtain high throughput analysis.
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ARAZ A. Bovine serum albumin detection by using molecularly imprinted surface plasmon resonance sensors. Turk J Chem 2021; 46:487-498. [PMID: 38143464 PMCID: PMC10734745 DOI: 10.3906/kim-2109-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Molecular imprinted polymers (MIP) have key-lock pattern binding properties specific to the size and shape of target molecules. In this study, we have prepared detection platforms based on a molecularly imprinted surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor that can detect bovine serum albumin (BSA) sensitively, selectively, quickly, and in real time. The polymeric film prepared on the SPR sensor surface by molecular imprinting method was obtained by selecting the N-methacryloyl-(L)-glutamic acid molecule as a suitable functional monomer using ultraviolet polymerization. Three different imprinting methods, such as epitope, bulk, and surface imprinting methods, were used to examine the imprinting efficiency. Real-time measurements were performed with BSA imprinted SPR sensor provide linearity in the concentration range from 0.10 to 7.50 nM and indicate a detection limit value of 0.015 nM. Furthermore, we performed the selectivity experiments, where transferrin and hemoglobin were chosen as competitor agents. Overall, the SPR sensor prepared by the epitope imprinting approach has been found to be highly selective and sensitive for bovine serum albumin. To statistically assess the reusability of the sensor, intraday experiments were tested three times with five replicates. The RSD% value less than <1.3 indicates high reproducibility for both sensor production and reproducibility of the method. Validation studies were carried out via enzyme-linked immunosorbent analysis technique (ELISA) in order to demonstrate the applicability of the BSA imprinted SPR sensor. Due to their features such as reusability, fast response time, and ease of use, these SPR sensors, which could be used as an alternative to albumin monitoring approaches, can also be adapted to detect and monitor other proteins in real time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali ARAZ
- Hacettepe University, Department of Chemistry, Ankara,
Turkey
- Dokuz Eylül University, Department of Chemistry, İzmir,
Turkey
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Çikrik Ş, Çimen D, Bereli N, Denizli A. Preparation of surface plasmon resonance-based nanosensor for curcumin detection. Turk J Chem 2021; 46:14-26. [PMID: 38143893 PMCID: PMC10734724 DOI: 10.3906/kim-2106-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, the curcumin imprinted and the non-imprinted poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate-N-methacryloyl-L-tryptophan) (poly(HEMA-MATrp)) nanoparticle based surface plasmon resonance (SPR) nanosensors were prepared for the detection of curcumin and characterized by zeta-size analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. After, the curcumin imprinted and the non-imprinted nanoparticles are attached on the surface of SPR chips. The curcumin imprinted and the non-imprinted SPR nanosensors are characterized by using atomic force microscope, ellipsometer, and contact angle measurements. Kinetic studies were carried out with curcumin aqueous solution at a concentration range of 0.01-150 mg/L using the curcumin imprinted and the non-imprinted SPR nanosensors. In all kinetic analysis, the response time is 14 min for equilibration, adsorption, and desorption cycles. The limit of detection and limit of quantification for the curcumin imprinted SPR nanosensors was 0.0012 mg/L and 0.0040 mg/L, respectively. The validity of the curcumin imprinted SPR nanosensors in real samples was carried out using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Şebnem Çikrik
- Department of Bioengineering Division, Institute of Science, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Duygu Çimen
- Department of Chemistry, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nilay Bereli
- Department of Chemistry, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Adil Denizli
- Department of Chemistry, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
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Abstract
In this paper, molecularly imprinted photonic crystal hydrogels (MIPHs) were prepared by combining photonic crystals with molecular imprinting technology. The MIPHs were used as optical sensors for the rapid reorganization and detection of melamine in water samples. In this experiment, melamine was used as a template molecule, and the MIPHs were prepared by successive self-assembly, polymerization, and template removal. Morphological characterization by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that the MIPHs possessed a highly ordered three-dimensional (3D) macroporous structure containing nanocavities. As optical sensors, the MIPHs were able to transform molecular recognition events into fluorescence signals for rapid and highly selective and sensitive recognition of the target molecule. Based on color changes of the MIPHs, the target analyte could be quickly identified by analysis with image software or even by observation with the naked eye. Under optimal conditions, the Bragg diffraction peak of the MIPHs shifted from 563 to 608 nm when exposed to melamine in mass concentrations of 10-11 to 10-6mol/L, whereas there were no obvious peak shifts when it was exposed to structural analogues of melamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhehan Liu
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Axin Liang
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Liquan Sun
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Aiqin Luo
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
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Del Valle LJ, Díaz A, Puiggalí J. Hydrogels for Biomedical Applications: Cellulose, Chitosan, and Protein/Peptide Derivatives. Gels 2017; 3:E27. [PMID: 30920524 PMCID: PMC6318613 DOI: 10.3390/gels3030027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Revised: 07/09/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogels based on polysaccharide and protein natural polymers are of great interest in biomedical applications and more specifically for tissue regeneration and drug delivery. Cellulose, chitosan (a chitin derivative), and collagen are probably the most important components since they are the most abundant natural polymers on earth (cellulose and chitin) and in the human body (collagen). Peptides also merit attention because their self-assembling properties mimic the proteins that are present in the extracellular matrix. The present review is mainly focused on explaining the recent advances on hydrogels derived from the indicated polymers or their combinations. Attention has also been paid to the development of hydrogels for innovative biomedical uses. Therefore, smart materials displaying stimuli responsiveness and having shape memory properties are considered. The use of micro- and nanogels for drug delivery applications is also discussed, as well as the high potential of protein-based hydrogels in the production of bioactive matrices with recognition ability (molecular imprinting). Finally, mention is also given to the development of 3D bioprinting technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luís J Del Valle
- Barcelona Research Center for Multiscale Science and Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Escola d'Enginyeria de Barcelona Est-EEBE, c/Eduard Maristany 10-14, Barcelona 08019, Spain.
| | - Angélica Díaz
- Barcelona Research Center for Multiscale Science and Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Escola d'Enginyeria de Barcelona Est-EEBE, c/Eduard Maristany 10-14, Barcelona 08019, Spain.
| | - Jordi Puiggalí
- Barcelona Research Center for Multiscale Science and Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Escola d'Enginyeria de Barcelona Est-EEBE, c/Eduard Maristany 10-14, Barcelona 08019, Spain.
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Li S, Yang K, Deng N, Min Y, Liu L, Zhang L, Zhang Y. Thermoresponsive Epitope Surface-Imprinted Nanoparticles for Specific Capture and Release of Target Protein from Human Plasma. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2016; 8:5747-5751. [PMID: 26906290 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b11415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Among various artificial antibodies, epitope imprinted polymer has been paid increasingly attention. To modulate the "adsorption and release" behavior by environment stimuli, N-isopropylacrylamide, was adopted to fabricate the thermoresponsive epitope imprinted sites. The prepared imprinted materials could adsorb 46.6 mg/g of target protein with the imprinting factor of 4.0. The template utilization efficiency could reach as high as 8.21%. More importantly, in the real sample, the materials could controllably capture the target protein from the human plasma at 45 °C and release it at 4 °C, which demonstrated the "on-demand" application potentials of such materials in the biomolecule recognition field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senwu Li
- National Chromatographic R. & A. Center, Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Dalian 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, China
| | - Kaiguang Yang
- National Chromatographic R. & A. Center, Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Dalian 116023, China
| | - Nan Deng
- National Chromatographic R. & A. Center, Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Dalian 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yi Min
- National Chromatographic R. & A. Center, Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Dalian 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lukuan Liu
- National Chromatographic R. & A. Center, Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Dalian 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, China
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology , Dalian 116024, China
| | - Lihua Zhang
- National Chromatographic R. & A. Center, Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Dalian 116023, China
| | - Yukui Zhang
- National Chromatographic R. & A. Center, Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Dalian 116023, China
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Li Q, Yang K, Liang Y, Jiang B, Liu J, Zhang L, Liang Z, Zhang Y. Surface protein imprinted core-shell particles for high selective lysozyme recognition prepared by reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer strategy. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2014; 6:21954-21960. [PMID: 25434676 DOI: 10.1021/am5072783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A novel kind of lysozyme (Lys) surface imprinted core-shell particles was synthesized by reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) strategy. With controllable polymer shell chain length, such particles showed obviously improved selectivity for protein recognition. After the RAFT initial agent and template protein was absorbed on silica particles, the prepolymerization solution, with methacrylic acid and 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate as the monomers, and N,N'-methylenebis(acrylamide) as the cross-linker, was mixed with the silica particles, and the polymerization was performed at 40 °C in aqueous phase through the oxidation-reduction initiation. Ater polymerization, with the template protein removal and destroying dithioester groups with hexylamine, the surface Lyz imprinted particles were obtained with controllable polymer chain length. The binding capacity of the Lys imprinted particles could reach 5.6 mg protein/g material, with the imprinting factor (IF) as 3.7, whereas the IF of the control material prepared without RAFT strategy was only 1.6. The absorption equilibrium could be achieved within 60 min. Moreover, Lys could be selectively recognized by the imprinted particles from both a four-proteins mixture and egg white sample. All these results demonstrated that these particles prepared by RAFT strategy are promising to achieve the protein recognition with high selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinran Li
- National Chromatographic R. &. A Center, Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Dalian 116023, China
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Awino JK, Zhao Y. Water-Soluble Molecularly Imprinted Nanoparticles (MINPs) with Tailored, Functionalized, Modifiable Binding Pockets. Chemistry 2014; 21:3831-3831. [PMID: 25376391 DOI: 10.1002/chem.404919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Construction of receptors with binding sites of specific size, shape, and functional groups is important to both chemistry and biology. Covalent imprinting of a photocleavable template within surface-core doubly cross-linked micelles yielded carboxylic acid-containing hydrophobic pockets within the water-soluble molecularly imprinted nanoparticles. The functionalized binding pockets were characterized by their binding of amine- and acid-functionalized guests under different pH values. The nanoparticles, on average, contained one binding site per particle and displayed highly selective binding among structural analogues. The binding sites could be modified further by covalent chemistry to modulate their binding properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph K Awino
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011-3111 (USA), Fax: (+1) 515-294-0105
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