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Huang G, Cierpicki T, Grembecka J. 2-Aminobenzothiazoles in anticancer drug design and discovery. Bioorg Chem 2023; 135:106477. [PMID: 36989736 PMCID: PMC10718064 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is one of the major causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Substantial research efforts have been made to develop new chemical entities with improved anticancer efficacy. 2-Aminobenzothiazole is an important class of heterocycles containing one sulfur and two nitrogen atoms, which is associated with a broad spectrum of medical and pharmacological activities, including antitumor, antibacterial, antimalarial, anti-inflammatory, and antiviral activities. In recent years, an extraordinary collection of potent and low-toxicity 2-aminobenzothiazole compounds have been discovered as new anticancer agents. Herein, we provide a comprehensive review of this class of compounds based on their activities against tumor-related proteins, including tyrosine kinases (CSF1R, EGFR, VEGFR-2, FAK, and MET), serine/threonine kinases (Aurora, CDK, CK, RAF, and DYRK2), PI3K kinase, BCL-XL, HSP90, mutant p53 protein, DNA topoisomerase, HDAC, NSD1, LSD1, FTO, mPGES-1, SCD, hCA IX/XII, and CXCR. In addition, the anticancer potentials of 2-aminobenzothiazole-derived chelators and metal complexes are also described here. Moreover, the design strategies, mechanism of actions, structure-activity relationships (SAR) and more advanced stages of pre-clinical development of 2-aminobenzothiazoles as new anticancer agents are extensively reviewed in this article. Finally, the examples that 2-aminobenzothiazoles showcase an advantage over other heterocyclic systems are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang Huang
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
| | - Tomasz Cierpicki
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Jolanta Grembecka
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
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2
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Al-Adilee KJ, Kyhoiesh HAK, Taher AM. Synthesis, characterization, biological studies, molecular docking and theoretical calculation of some transition metal complexes with new azo dye 2-[2′-(6-methoxybenzothiazolyl)azo]-3-methyl-4-nitrophenol. RESULTS IN CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rechem.2022.100500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022] Open
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3
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Molecular Docking Studies and Biological Evaluation of Berberine-Benzothiazole Derivatives as an Anti-Influenza Agent via Blocking of Neuraminidase. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22052368. [PMID: 33673431 PMCID: PMC7956587 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we have introduced newly synthesized substituted benzothiazole based berberine derivatives that have been analyzed for their in vitro and in silico biological properties. The activity towards various kinds of influenza virus strains by employing the cytopathic effect (CPE) and sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay. Several berberine–benzothiazole derivatives (BBDs), such as BBD1, BBD3, BBD4, BBD5, BBD7, and BBD11, demonstrated interesting anti-influenza virus activity on influenza A viruses (A/PR/8/34, A/Vic/3/75) and influenza B viral (B/Lee/40, and B/Maryland/1/59) strain, respectively. Furthermore, by testing neuraminidase activity (NA) with the neuraminidase assay kit, it was identified that BBD7 has potent neuraminidase activity. The molecular docking analysis further suggests that the BBD1–BBD14 compounds’ antiviral activity may be because of interaction with residues of NA, and the same as in oseltamivir.
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4
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Evans L, Shen Y, Bender A, Burnett LE, Li M, Habibian JS, Zhou T, Ferguson BS. Divergent and Overlapping Roles for Selected Phytochemicals in the Regulation of Pathological Cardiac Hypertrophy. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26051210. [PMID: 33668293 PMCID: PMC7956446 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26051210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant-based foods, like fruits, vegetables, whole grains, legumes, nuts, seeds and other foodstuffs, have been deemed as heart healthy. The chemicals within these plant-based foods, i.e., phytochemicals, are credited with protecting the heart. However, the mechanistic actions of phytochemicals, which prevent clinical endpoints, such as pathological cardiac hypertrophy, are still being elucidated. We sought to characterize the overlapping and divergent mechanisms by which 18 selected phytochemicals prevent phenylephrine- and phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate-mediated cardiomyocyte enlargement. Of the tested 18 compounds, six attenuated PE- and PMA-mediated enlargement of neonatal rat ventricular myocytes. Cell viability assays showed that apigenin, baicalein, berberine hydrochloride, emodin, luteolin and quercetin dihydrate did not reduce cell size through cytotoxicity. Four of the six phytochemicals, apigenin, baicalein, berberine hydrochloride and emodin, robustly inhibited stress-induced hypertrophy and were analyzed further against intracellular signaling and genome-wide changes in mRNA expression. The four phytochemicals differentially regulated mitogen-activated protein kinases and protein kinase D. RNA-sequencing further showed divergence in gene regulation, while pathway analysis demonstrated overlap in the regulation of inflammatory pathways. Combined, this study provided a comprehensive analysis of cardioprotective phytochemicals. These data highlight two defining observations: (1) that these compounds predominantly target divergent gene pathways within cardiac myocytes and (2) that regulation of overlapping signaling and gene pathways may be of particular importance for the anti-hypertrophic actions of these phytochemicals. Despite these new findings, future works investigating rodent models of heart failure are still needed to understand the roles for these compounds in the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Levi Evans
- Department of Nutrition, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA; (L.E.); (Y.S.); (A.B.); (L.E.B.)
- Environmental Sciences Program, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - Yiqui Shen
- Department of Nutrition, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA; (L.E.); (Y.S.); (A.B.); (L.E.B.)
| | - Abigail Bender
- Department of Nutrition, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA; (L.E.); (Y.S.); (A.B.); (L.E.B.)
| | - Leah E. Burnett
- Department of Nutrition, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA; (L.E.); (Y.S.); (A.B.); (L.E.B.)
| | - Musheng Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA; (M.L.); (T.Z.)
| | | | - Tong Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA; (M.L.); (T.Z.)
| | - Bradley S. Ferguson
- Department of Nutrition, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA; (L.E.); (Y.S.); (A.B.); (L.E.B.)
- Environmental Sciences Program, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA
- Center of Biomedical Research Excellence for Molecular and Cellular Signal Transduction in the Cardiovascular System, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA
- Correspondence:
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5
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Yildiz U. Antioxidant and
DNA
damage protecting activities of newly synthesized thiol bridged
bis‐benzimidazole
derivative and its dicationic analogue. J Heterocycl Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.4110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ufuk Yildiz
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences Zonguldak Bulent Ecevit University Zonguldak Turkey
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6
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Leyva-Peralta MA, Robles-Zepeda RE, Razo-Hernández RS, Berber LPÁ, Lara KO, Ruiz-Bustos E, Gálvez-Ruíz JC. Berberine as Source of Antiproliferative Hybrid Compounds: In Vitro Antiproliferative Activity and Quantitative Structure-activity Relationship. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2020; 19:1820-1834. [PMID: 31960788 DOI: 10.2174/1871520619666190503121820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite advances for cancer treatment, it still remains a major worldwide public health problem. Compounds derived from natural sources are important alternatives to combat this mortal disease. Berberine is an isoquinoline alkaloid with a wide variety of pharmacological properties, including antiproliferative activity. Previously, we have found that fatty acids also show antiproliferative activity against cancer cell lines.. OBJECTIVE To combine berberine and fatty acids, or carboxylic acids, in order to improve their antiproliferative properties. METHODS We synthetized six new hybrid derivatives through a simple methylenedioxy group-cleavage method followed by the reaction with fatty acids, or carboxylic acids. The structure of the compounds was elucidated by IR, NMR and HRMS. The in vitro antiproliferative activity against four human cancer cell lines (HeLa, A-549, PC-3 and LS-180) and one normal cell line (ARPE-19), was evaluated by the MTT method. Chemical structures were drawn using SPARTAN '08 software and the conformational analysis was carried out with a molecular mechanic level of theory and the SYBIL force field. All molecular structures were subjected to geometrical optimization at the semi-empirical method PM3. Molecular descriptors were calculated using DRAGON 5.4 and SPARTAN ´08 programs. RESULTS The geranic acid and berberine hybrid compound (6) improved the antiproliferative activity shown by natural berberine, even more than the 16- to 18-carbon atoms fatty acids. Compound 6 showed IC50 values of 2.40 ± 0.60, 1.5 ± 0.24, 5.85 ± 1.07 and 5.44 ± 0.24 μM, against HeLa, A-549, PC-3 and LS-180 human cancer cell lines, respectively. Using this information, we performed a quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) of the hybrid molecules and found that the molecular descriptors associated with the antiproliferative activity are: hydrophobic constant associated with substituents (π(A) = 6.5), molecular volume descriptor (CPKvolume≈ 700 Å3), EHOMO, number of rotatable bonds (RBN) and number of 6-membered rings (nR06). CONCLUSION The methylendioxy and methoxyl groups in berberine are important for the antiproliferative activity shown by its derivatives. Better results in antiproliferative activity were obtained in compound 6 with the prenyl moiety. The QSAR indicates that the molecular descriptors which associated positively with the antiproliferative activity are: hydrophobic constant associated with substituents (π(A) = 6.5), molecular volume descriptor (CPKvolume≈ 700 Å3) and EHOMO. This research gave the basis for the design and preparation of new, easily afforded molecules derived from berberine and carboxylic acids, with improved antiproliferative activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario A Leyva-Peralta
- Departamento de Investigación en Polímeros y Materiales, Universidad de Sonora, Rosales y Encinas s/n, Col. Centro CP 83000. Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico
| | - Ramón E Robles-Zepeda
- Departamento de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Universidad de Sonora, Boulevard Luis Encinas y Rosales s/n, Hermosillo, Sonora 83000, Mexico
| | - Rodrigo S Razo-Hernández
- Centro de Investigación en Dinámica Celular, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Av. Universidad No. 1001, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62209, Mexico
| | - Laura P Á Berber
- Centro de Investigaciones Químicas-IICBA, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Av. Universidad No. 1001, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62209, Mexico
| | - Karen O Lara
- Departamento de Investigación en Polímeros y Materiales, Universidad de Sonora, Rosales y Encinas s/n, Col. Centro CP 83000. Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico
| | - Eduardo Ruiz-Bustos
- Departamento de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Universidad de Sonora, Boulevard Luis Encinas y Rosales s/n, Hermosillo, Sonora 83000, Mexico
| | - Juan C Gálvez-Ruíz
- Departamento de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Universidad de Sonora, Boulevard Luis Encinas y Rosales s/n, Hermosillo, Sonora 83000, Mexico
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7
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Zhang C, Sheng J, Li G, Zhao L, Wang Y, Yang W, Yao X, Sun L, Zhang Z, Cui R. Effects of Berberine and Its Derivatives on Cancer: A Systems Pharmacology Review. Front Pharmacol 2020; 10:1461. [PMID: 32009943 PMCID: PMC6974675 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies have shown that berberine and its derivatives demonstrate important anti-tumor effects. However, the specific underlying mechanism remains unclear. Therefore, based on systems pharmacology, this review summarizes the information available on the anti-tumor effects and mechanism of berberine and its derivatives. The action and potential mechanism of action of berberine and its derivatives when used in the treatment of complex cancers are systematically examined at the molecular, cellular, and organismic levels. It is concluded that, with further in-depth investigations on their toxicity and efficacy, berberine and its derivatives have the potential for use as drugs in cancer therapy, offering improved clinical efficacy and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaohe Zhang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetic, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jiyao Sheng
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetic, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Guangquan Li
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetic, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Lihong Zhao
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetic, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yicun Wang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetic, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Wei Yang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetic, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Yao
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetic, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Lihuan Sun
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetic, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhuo Zhang
- China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ranji Cui
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetic, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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8
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Mortazavi H, Nikfar B, Esmaeili SA, Rafieenia F, Saburi E, Chaichian S, Heidari Gorji MA, Momtazi-Borojeni AA. Potential cytotoxic and anti-metastatic effects of berberine on gynaecological cancers with drug-associated resistance. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 187:111951. [PMID: 31821990 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.111951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Gynaecological disorders, such as cervical, ovarian, and endometrial cancers are the second most prevalent cancer types in women worldwide. Therapeutic approaches for gynaecological cancers involve chemotherapy, radiation, and surgery. However, lifespan is not improved, and novel medications are required. Among various phytochemicals, berberine, a well-known natural product, has been shown to be a promising cancer chemopreventive agent. Pharmacokinetics, safety, and efficacy of berberine have been investigated in the several experiments against numerous diseases. Here, we aimed to provide a literature review from available published investigations showing the anticancer effects of berberine and its various synthetic analogues against gynaecological disorders, including cervical, ovarian, and endometrial cancers. In conclusion, berberine has been found to efficiently inhibit viability, proliferation, and migration of cancer cells, mainly, via induction of apoptosis by both mitochondrial dependent and -independent pathways. Additionally, structural modification of berberine showed that berberine analogues can improve its antitumor effects against gynaecological cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Mortazavi
- Geriatric Care Research Center, Department of Geriatric Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Banafsheh Nikfar
- Pars Advanced and Minimally Invasive Medical Manners Research Center, Pars Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed-Alireza Esmaeili
- Immunology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Rafieenia
- Medical Genetics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ehsan Saburi
- Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine Department, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Shahla Chaichian
- Endometriosis Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Heidari Gorji
- Diabetes Research Center, Department of Medical-Surgical Nursing, Nasibeh Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
| | - Amir Abbas Momtazi-Borojeni
- Halal Research Center of IRI, FDA, Tehran, Iran; Nanotechnology Research Center, Bu-Ali Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Medical Biotechnology, Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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9
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Tariq S, Kamboj P, Amir M. Therapeutic advancement of benzothiazole derivatives in the last decennial period. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2018; 352:e1800170. [PMID: 30488989 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.201800170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Benzothiazole, a fused heterocyclic moiety, has attracted synthetic and medicinal chemists for good reasons. It is a valuable scaffold that possesses diverse biological activities, such as anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antiviral, antimalarial, and anticonvulsant effects. This review mainly focusses on the recent research work on the different biological activities of benzothiazole-based compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sana Tariq
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Payal Kamboj
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Mohammad Amir
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
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10
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Enkhtaivan G, Kim DH, Park GS, Pandurangan M, Nicholas DA, Moon SH, Kadam AA, Patel RV, Shin HS, Mistry BM. Berberine-piperazine conjugates as potent influenza neuraminidase blocker. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 119:1204-1210. [PMID: 30099043 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.08.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 08/04/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In these studies, we analyzed substituted piperazine based berberine analogs conjugated through a pentyloxy side chain for their in vitro and in silico biological effects. All the final analogs were screened for their in vitro antiviral action against a collection of different influenza virus strains using the CPE assay and SRB assay. Moreover, their cytotoxicity towards non-cancer cell lines was examined employing Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cell lines. The anti-influenza activities of berberine-piperazine derivatives (BPD) were evaluated in the range from 35.16 μg/mL to 90.25 μg/mL of the IC50s along with cytotoxicity level which was observed in the range 44.8 μg/mL to 3890.6 μg/mL of CC50s towards MDCK cells. In an effort to know the mechanism of action of BPD1-BPD23, results of Neuraminidase inhibition assay and Molecular docking studies carried out against neuraminidase as the target enzyme revealed that titled compounds are potential neuraminidase inhibitors that merge to the active site of neuraminidase, with moderate to high binding energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganuskh Enkhtaivan
- Department of Bio-resources and Food Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Doo Hwan Kim
- Department of Bio-resources and Food Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyun Seok Park
- Department of Bio-resources and Food Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Muthuraman Pandurangan
- Department of Bio-resources and Food Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Daniel A Nicholas
- Department of Biochemistry, Government Arts and Science College (Autonomous), Kumbakonam 612001, India
| | - So Hyun Moon
- Department of Cell Biology, State University of New York (SUNY), Downstate Medical Center, College of Medicine, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA
| | - Avinash A Kadam
- Research Institute of Biotechnology & Medical Converged Science, Dongguk University-Seoul, Biomedical Campus, 32 Dongguk-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Gyenggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Rahul V Patel
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University-Seoul, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do 410-820, Republic of Korea
| | - Han-Seung Shin
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University-Seoul, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do 410-820, Republic of Korea
| | - Bhupendra M Mistry
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University-Seoul, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do 410-820, Republic of Korea.
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11
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Synthesis of berberine-piperazine conjugates as potential antioxidant and cytotoxic agents. Med Chem Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-016-1662-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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