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Andrea Stefano M, Salerno M, Mondini Trissino da Lodi C, Gonalba GC, Candrian C, Filardo G. The influence of sex is a neglected focus in rotator cuff repair: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2024. [PMID: 38678392 DOI: 10.1002/ksa.12201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/30/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Rotator cuff (RC) disorders are the most common cause of shoulder disability. The aim of this study was to quantify the evidence on the sex-related differences in RC repair. METHODS A systematic review of the literature was performed in January 2023 in PubMed, Wiley Cochrane Library and Web of Science on research articles on humans with RC tears treated surgically. A meta-analysis was performed to compare results in men and women. The Downs and Black score and the modified Coleman methodology score (MCMS) were used to assess the retrieved studies. RESULTS A total of 39,909 patients were enroled in the 401 studies analysed (45% women, 55% men). A trend toward more sex-balanced recruitment was observed over time. Only 4% of the studies on 1.5% of the documented patients presented disaggregated outcome data and were quantitatively analysed. A tendency for lower range of motion values after surgery was found for external shoulder rotation in women, with 39.9° ± 6.9° versus 45.3° ± 4.1° in men (p = 0.066). According to Downs and Black scores, four studies were good and 12 fair, with a main MCMS score of 69/100. CONCLUSION There is a lack of awareness on the importance to document women- and men-specific data. Only 4% of the articles disaggregated data, and it was possible to analyse only 1.5% of the literature population, a sample which cannot be considered representative of all patients. The lack of disaggregated data is alarming and calls for action to better study men and women differences to optimise the management of RC tears. This will be necessary to provide sex-specific information that could be of clinical relevance when managing RC repair. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level IV.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Manuela Salerno
- Applied and Translational Research Center, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | | | | | - Christian Candrian
- Service of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Department of Surgery, EOC, Lugano, Switzerland
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Giuseppe Filardo
- Service of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Department of Surgery, EOC, Lugano, Switzerland
- Applied and Translational Research Center, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
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Wang N, Wang H, Shen L, Liu X, Ma Y, Wang C. Aging-Related Rotator Cuff Tears: Molecular Mechanisms and Implications for Clinical Management. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2024; 8:e2300331. [PMID: 38295015 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202300331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Shoulder pain and disabilities are prevalent issues among the elderly population, with rotator cuff tear (RCT) being one of the leading causes. Although surgical treatment has shown some success, high postoperative retear rates remain a great challenge, particularly in elderly patients. Aging-related degeneration of muscle, tendon, tendon-to-bone enthesis, and bone plays a critical role in the development and prognosis of RCT. Studies have demonstrated that aging worsens muscle atrophy and fatty infiltration, alters tendon structure and biomechanical properties, exacerbates enthesis degeneration, and reduces bone density. Although recent researches have contributed to understanding the pathophysiological mechanisms of aging-related RCT, a comprehensive systematic review of this topic is still lacking. Therefore, this article aims to present a review of the pathophysiological changes and their clinical significance, as well as the molecular mechanisms underlying aging-related RCT, with the goal of shedding light on new therapeutic approaches to reduce the occurrence of aging-related RCT and improve postoperative prognosis in elderly patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ni Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Haoyuan Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Longxiang Shen
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Xudong Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Yanhong Ma
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Chongyang Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China
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Longo UG, Lalli A, Medina G, Maffulli N. Conservative Management of Partial Thickness Rotator Cuff Tears: A Systematic Review. Sports Med Arthrosc Rev 2023; 31:80-87. [PMID: 37976129 DOI: 10.1097/jsa.0000000000000372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Conservative management has emerged as an attractive option for partial thickness rotator cuff tears (PT-RCTs). A single algorithmic treatment strategy for patients with symptomatic PT-RCT has not yet been developed. This systematic review aims to ascertain whether a conservative approach to PT-RCTs yields positive results in terms of clinical outcomes and functional recovery. METHODS This is a systematic review of the literature on patients with PT-RCTs receiving conservative treatment with physiotherapy, platelet-rich plasma (PRP) injections, collagen injections, hyaluronic acid (HA) injections, or corticosteroids injections coupled with polydeoxyribonucleotide (PDRN). Outcomes such as the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) for pain, American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons and Constant-Murley Score evaluations, as well as the Shoulder Pain and Disability Index and Euro Quality of Life-5D questionnaires were reported following a conservative approach. RESULTS Eleven studies were included. Six articles explored the outcomes of patients with PT-RCT treated with PRP injections. Significant improvements in VAS for pain were observed. Two studies examined collagen injections and reported variations in VAS for pain and Constant-Murley Score. Sodium hyaluronate and HA injections were studied in two other articles, showing notable improvements in American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons scores. Corticosteroid and PDRN injections also displayed favorable outcomes. In addition, physical therapy protocols demonstrated improvements in VAS for pain and strength, particularly with eccentric rehabilitation. CONCLUSIONS Conservative management of PT-RCTs, involving physical therapy, PRP injections, collagen injections, corticosteroid injections, HA injections, and PDRN in jections, demonstrates favorable clinical outcomes. In addition, favorable results are observed in terms of decreased tear width and improved strength recovery, at least during a short-term follow-up. Unfortunately, long-term insight into the structural integrity of conservatively treated rotator cuff tendons following a partial injury has not been thoroughly evaluated yet. STUDY DESIGN LEVELS OF EVIDENCE Level IV-systematic review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umile Giuseppe Longo
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus-Biomedico
- Research Unit of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Roma
| | - Alberto Lalli
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus-Biomedico
- Research Unit of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Roma
| | - Giovanna Medina
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery-Sports Medicine Service, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Nicola Maffulli
- Department of Musculoskeletal Disorders, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
- Queen Mary University of London, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Centre for Sports and Exercise Medicine, Mile End Hospital, London, UK
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Maffulli N, Cuozzo F, Migliorini F, Oliva F. The tendon unit: biochemical, biomechanical, hormonal influences. J Orthop Surg Res 2023; 18:311. [PMID: 37085854 PMCID: PMC10120196 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-023-03796-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The current literature has mainly focused on the biology of tendons and on the characterization of the biological properties of tenocytes and tenoblasts. It is still not understood how these cells can work together in homeostatic equilibrium. We put forward the concept of the "tendon unit" as a morpho-functional unit that can be influenced by a variety of external stimuli such as mechanical stimuli, hormonal influence, or pathological states. We describe how this unit can modify itself to respond to such stimuli. We evidence the capability of the tendon unit of healing itself through the production of collagen following different mechanical stimuli and hypothesize that restoration of the homeostatic balance of the tendon unit should be a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Maffulli
- Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Centre for Sports and Exercise Medicine, Mile End Hospital, Queen Mary University of London, 275 Bancroft Road, London, E1 4DG, England
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Keele University Faculty of Medicine, Thornburrow Drive, Stoke On Trent, England
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Via S. Allende, 84081, Baronissi, SA, Italy
| | - Francesco Cuozzo
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Via S. Allende, 84081, Baronissi, SA, Italy
| | - Filippo Migliorini
- Department of Orthopaedic, Trauma, and Reconstructive Surgery, RWTH University Hospital, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
- Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Eifelklinik St. Brigida, 52152, Simmerath, Germany.
| | - Francesco Oliva
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Via S. Allende, 84081, Baronissi, SA, Italy
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Markazi R, Soltani-Zangbar MS, Zamani M, Eghbal-Fard S, Motavalli R, Kamrani A, Dolati S, Ahmadi M, Aghebati-Maleki L, Mehdizadeh A, Eslamian F, Pishgahi A, Yousefi M. Platelet lysate and tendon healing: comparative analysis of autologous frozen-thawed PRP and ketorolac tromethamine in the treatment of patients with rotator cuff tendinopathy. Growth Factors 2022; 40:163-174. [PMID: 36026559 DOI: 10.1080/08977194.2022.2093198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Platelet-rich blood derivatives are being nowadays increasingly used in the treatment of tendon-related pathologies as a rich source of growth factors. We sought to ascertain if local application of platelet lysate (PL) to augment rotator cuff repair ameliorates patient outcomes compared to ketorolac tromethamine treated group. A total of forty patients, with clinical diagnosis of Rotator Cuff Tendinopathy were randomized to receive sub acromial injections of PL every week for a total of 3 injections and two injection of ketorolac tromethamine once every two weeks. Subjective assessments included VAS, SPADI and shoulder range of motion were assessed at baseline and at 1 and 6 months after injection. Taking both control and PL groups, it was vividly seen that the outcomes were identical at the initial state, as well as the short-term one; whereas, when considering the 6-month period, there is a seemingly remarkable superiority in PL group in all parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raha Markazi
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Research Center, Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Sadegh Soltani-Zangbar
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Majid Zamani
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Infectious Diseases Research Center, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran
| | - Shadi Eghbal-Fard
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Roza Motavalli
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Amin Kamrani
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sanam Dolati
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Research Center, Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Majid Ahmadi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Amir Mehdizadeh
- Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Fariba Eslamian
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Research Center, Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Alireza Pishgahi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mehdi Yousefi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Gargano G, Oliva F, Oliviero A, Maffulli N. Small interfering RNAs in the management of human rheumatoid arthritis. Br Med Bull 2022; 142:34-43. [PMID: 35488320 PMCID: PMC9351475 DOI: 10.1093/bmb/ldac012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) has unclear pathogenesis, but the molecules that feed its inflammatory state are known. Small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) are useful to identify molecular targets and evaluate the efficacy of specific drugs, and can themselves be used for therapeutic purposes. SOURCES OF DATA A systematic search of different databases to March 2022 was performed to define the role of siRNAs in RA therapy. Twenty suitable studies were identified. AREAS OF AGREEMENT Small interfering RNAs can be useful in the study of inflammatory processes in RA, and identify possible therapeutic targets and drug therapies. AREAS OF CONTROVERSY Many genes and cytokines participate in the inflammatory process of RA and can be regulated with siRNA. However, it is difficult to determine whether the responses to siRNAs and other drugs studied in human cells in vitro are similar to the responses in vivo. GROWING POINTS Inflammatory processes can be affected by the gene dysregulation of siRNAs on inflammatory cytokines. AREAS TIMELY FOR DEVELOPING RESEARCH To date, it is not possible to determine whether the pharmacological response of siRNAs on cells in vitro would be similar to what takes place in vivo for the diseases studied so far.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Gargano
- Department of Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, AOU San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi D'Aragona, Via San Leonardo 1, Salerno 84131, Italy.,Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Via S. Allende, Baronissi SA 84081, Italy
| | - Francesco Oliva
- Department of Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, AOU San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi D'Aragona, Via San Leonardo 1, Salerno 84131, Italy.,Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Via S. Allende, Baronissi SA 84081, Italy
| | - Antonio Oliviero
- Department of Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, AOU San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi D'Aragona, Via San Leonardo 1, Salerno 84131, Italy.,Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Via S. Allende, Baronissi SA 84081, Italy
| | - Nicola Maffulli
- Department of Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, AOU San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi D'Aragona, Via San Leonardo 1, Salerno 84131, Italy.,Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Via S. Allende, Baronissi SA 84081, Italy.,Queen Mary University of London, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Centre for Sports and Exercise Medicine, Mile End Hospital, 275 Bancroft Road, London E1 4DG, UK.,School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Keele University School of Medicine, Thornburrow Drive, Stoke on Trent, ST4 7QB, UK
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7
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Gundogdu K, Yilmaz Tasci S, Gundogdu G, Terim Kapakin KA, Totik Y, Demirkaya Miloglu F. Evaluation of cytokines in protective effect of docosahexaenoic acid in experimental achilles tendinopathy rat model induced with type-1 collagenase. Connect Tissue Res 2022; 63:393-405. [PMID: 34612118 DOI: 10.1080/03008207.2021.1982915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aimed to investigate the effectiveness of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) as a treatment for Achilles tendinopathy (AT) induced with type-I collagenase in rats and compare it with collagen. METHODS The AT model was induced with type I collagenase, and animals were randomly assigned to groups. Group 1:AT, Group 2: Collagen (7.2 mg/kg/day), Group 3:DHA (300 mg/kg/day), and Group 4:DHA (100 mg/kg/day). Right tendons of Group1 were used as a healthy control (HC). Oral treatments were applied for eight weeks. Serum tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-α), matrix metalloproteinase-13 (MMP-13), and interleukin-1 beta(IL-1β) concentrations were determined by ELISA. Tendon samples were taken for histopathological evaluation and examined immunohistochemically with antibodies specific for Col1A1, TNF-α, MMP-13, IL-1β, and nitric oxide synthase-2(NOS-2). The ultimate tensile force (UTF) yield force(YF) and stiffness were measured by biomechanical assessments. RESULTS UTF,YF and stiffness values were increased in all treatment groups compared to the AT control, a significant increase was found in Group 2 (p < 0.05). There was severe degeneration of tendon cells in the AT control. The tendon cells in samples from Groups 2-3 were less degraded, and this was statistically significant (p < 0.05). TNF-α, MMP-13, IL-1β, and NOS-2 expressions were significantly higher in the AT control compared to the HC. In all treatment groups, their concentrations were lower than in the AT control. Serum TNF-α, MMP-13, and IL-1β levels were lower in all treatment groups (Especially in Group3 (p < 0.001)) compared to Group1. CONCLUSION The efficacy of high-dose DHA as a treatment for AT was investigated from biochemical, histopathological, and biomechanical perspectives. The results showed that DHA could be an alternative treatment compound to collagen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koksal Gundogdu
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Denizli State Hospital, Denizli, Turkey
| | | | - Gulsah Gundogdu
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Kubra Asena Terim Kapakin
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Yasar Totik
- Department of Machine Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Fatma Demirkaya Miloglu
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
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Electrospun, Resorbable, Drug-Eluting, Nanofibrous Membranes Promote Healing of Allograft Tendons. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:membranes12050529. [PMID: 35629855 PMCID: PMC9147671 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12050529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
In spite of advances in medical technology, the repair of Achilles tendon ruptures remains challenging. Reconstruction with an autograft tendon provides the advantage of a higher healing rate; nevertheless, the development of donor-site morbidity cannot be ignored. We developed biodegradable, drug-eluting, nanofibrous membranes employing an electrospinning technique and evaluated their effectiveness on the healing of allograft tendons. Poly-D-L-lactide-glycolide was used as the polymeric material for the nanofibers, while doxycycline was selected as the drug for delivery. The in vitro and in vivo drug-release profiles were investigated. The biomechanical properties of allografted Achilles tendons repaired using the nanofibrous membranes were tested in euthanized rabbits at 2-, 4-, and 6-week time intervals. Histological examination was performed for the evaluation of tissue reaction and tendon healing. The level of postoperative animal activity was also monitored using an animal behavior cage. The experimental results showed that the degradable nanofibers used as a vehicle could provide sustained release of doxycycline for 42 days after surgery with very low systemic drug concentration. Allograft Achilles tendon reconstruction assisted by drug-loaded nanofibers was associated with better biomechanical properties at 6 weeks post-surgery. In addition, the animals exhibited a better level of activity after surgery. The use of drug-eluting, nanofibrous membranes could enhance healing in Achilles tendon allograft reconstruction surgery.
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Prabhakar A, Kanthalu Subramanian JN, Swathikaa P, Kumareswaran S, Subramanian K. Current concepts on management of cuff tear. J Clin Orthop Trauma 2022; 28:101808. [PMID: 35402155 PMCID: PMC8983388 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcot.2022.101808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Among pathologies of the shoulder, rotator cuff tear is the most common. Diagnosis of cuff tear around mid twenties is unusual, but the prevalence increases significantly after the age of forty. The prevalence after the age of 60 is around 20-30%. A well recognised feature of cuff tear is being asymptomatic but, tear progression in asymptomatic is a known consequence. The spectrum of cuff tear ranges from partial, full thickness cuff tear with or without retraction. The mainstay of treatment for partial thickness cuff tear is systematic rehabilitation and for the full thickness cuff tear an initial rehabilitation is an accepted management. Failed rehabilitation for 3 months, acute traumatic tear, younger age, intractable pain, good quality muscle would be the indications for repair of a full thickness cuff tear. Though there are defined indications for surgical intervention in the full thickness rotator cuff tear, differentiating an asymptomatic tear that would not progress or identifying a tear that would become better with rehabilitation is an undeniable challenge for even the most experienced surgeon. Rehabilitation in cuff tear consists of strengthening the core stabilizers along with rotator cuff and deltoid muscles. In a symptomatic cuff tear that merits surgical intervention the objective is to do an anatomical foot print repair. In scenarios where the cuff is retracted, one has to settle for a medialised repair. As, a repair done in tension is more likely to fail than a tensionless medialised repair. The success rate of all these non anatomical procedures varies from series to series but it approximates around 60-80%. Augmenting cuff repair to enhance biological healing is a recent advance in rotator cuff repair surgery. The augmentation factors can be growth factors like PRP, scaffolds both auto and allografts. The outcome of these procedures from literature has been variable. As there are no major harmful effects, it can be viewed as another future step in bringing better outcomes to patients having rotator cuff tear surgery. Despite being the commonest shoulder pathology, the rotator cuff tear still remains as a condition with varied presenting features and a wide variety of management options. The goal of the treatment is to achieve pain free shoulders with good function. Correcting altered scapular kinematics by systematic rehabilitation of the shoulder would be the first choice in all partial thickness cuff tear and also as an initial management of full thickness cuff tears. Failure of rehabilitation would be the step forward for a surgical intervention. While embarking on a surgical procedure, correct patient selection, sound surgical technique, appropriate counselling about expected outcome are the most essential in patient satisfaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akil Prabhakar
- Department of Orthopaedics, Velammal Medical College and Research Institute, Velammal Village, Madurai-Tuticorin Ring Road, Anuppanadi, Tamil Nadu, 625009, India
| | | | - P. Swathikaa
- Department of Orthopaedics, Velammal Medical College and Research Institute, Velammal Village, Madurai-Tuticorin Ring Road, Anuppanadi, Tamil Nadu, 625009, India
| | | | - K.N. Subramanian
- Department of Orthopaedics, Velammal Medical College and Research Institute, Velammal Village, Madurai-Tuticorin Ring Road, Anuppanadi, Tamil Nadu, 625009, India,Corresponding author. Department of Orthopaedics, Velammal Medical College and Research Institute, Velammal Village, Madurai-Tuticorin Ring Road, Anuppanadi, Tamil Nadu, 625009, India.
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Mirzayan R, Suh BD. Interposition of human amniotic membrane at the bone-tendon interface of a full-thickness rotator cuff repair. JSES REVIEWS, REPORTS, AND TECHNIQUES 2022; 2:75-80. [PMID: 37588290 PMCID: PMC10426662 DOI: 10.1016/j.xrrt.2021.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Raffy Mirzayan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Baldwin Park, CA, USA
| | - Brian D. Suh
- Department of Radiology, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Baldwin Park, CA, USA
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11
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Longo UG, Risi Ambrogioni L, Berton A, Candela V, Migliorini F, Carnevale A, Schena E, Nazarian A, DeAngelis J, Denaro V. Conservative versus accelerated rehabilitation after rotator cuff repair: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2021; 22:637. [PMID: 34303366 PMCID: PMC8310609 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-021-04397-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to compare the conservative and accelerated rehabilitation protocols in patients who underwent arthroscopic rotator cuff repair in terms of clinical outcomes and range of motions at 3, 6, 12, and 24-month follow-up. Methods According to PRISMA guidelines, a systematic review of the literature was performed. For each included article, the following data has been extracted: authors, year, study design, level of evidence, demographic characteristics, follow-up, clinical outcomes, range of motions, and retear events. A meta-analysis was performed to compare accelerated versus conservative rehabilitation protocols after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair. The retear rate, postoperative Constant-Murley score and range of motions at 3, 6, 12, and 24 months of follow-up were the outcomes measured. Results The search strategy yielded 16 level I-II clinical studies. A total of 1424 patients, with 732 patients and 692 in the accelerated and conservative group, were included. The average age (mean ± standard deviation) was 56.1 ± 8.7 and 56.6 ± 9 in the accelerated and conservative group. The mean follow-up was 12.5 months, ranging from 2 to 24 months. The meta-analysis showed no statistically significant differences in terms of retear rate between the groups (P = 0.29). The superiority of the accelerated group was demonstrated in terms of external rotation (P < 0.05) at 3-month follow-up; in terms of forward elevation, external rotation, abduction (P < 0.05), but not in terms of Constant-Murley score at 6-month follow-up; in terms of forward elevation (P < 0.05) at 12-month follow-up. No significant differences between the two group were highlighted at 24-month follow-up. Conclusions No statistically significant differences in the retear rate among the accelerated and conservative group have been demonstrated. On the other hand, statistically and clinically significant differences were found in terms of external rotation at 3 and 6 months of follow-up in favour of the accelerated group. However, no differences between the two groups were detected at 24 months follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umile Giuseppe Longo
- Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Campus Bio-Medico University, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 200, Rome, Trigoria, 00128, Italy.
| | - Laura Risi Ambrogioni
- Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Campus Bio-Medico University, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 200, Rome, Trigoria, 00128, Italy
| | - Alessandra Berton
- Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Campus Bio-Medico University, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 200, Rome, Trigoria, 00128, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Candela
- Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Campus Bio-Medico University, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 200, Rome, Trigoria, 00128, Italy
| | - Filippo Migliorini
- Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Campus Bio-Medico University, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 200, Rome, Trigoria, 00128, Italy
| | - Arianna Carnevale
- Research Unit of Measurements and Biomedical Instrumentation, Campus Bio-Medico University, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 200, Rome, Trigoria, 00128, Italy
| | - Emiliano Schena
- Research Unit of Measurements and Biomedical Instrumentation, Campus Bio-Medico University, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 200, Rome, Trigoria, 00128, Italy
| | - Ara Nazarian
- Center for Advanced Orthopaedic Studies, Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joseph DeAngelis
- Center for Advanced Orthopaedic Studies, Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Vincenzo Denaro
- Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Campus Bio-Medico University, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 200, Rome, Trigoria, 00128, Italy
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12
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Arthroscopic Tenotomy of the Long Head of the Biceps Tendon and Section of the Anterior Joint Capsule Produce Moderate Osteoarthritic Changes in an Experimental Sheep Model. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18147471. [PMID: 34299937 PMCID: PMC8307345 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18147471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) of the glenohumeral (GH) joint is a common cause of shoulder pain, resulting in considerable invalidity. Unfortunately, the study of its pathogenesis is challenging. Models of OA are necessary to identify specific targets for therapy and to be able to interfere with the development and evolution of OA. This study aims to assess the effect of an arthroscopic tenotomy of the long head of the biceps tendon (LHBT) and section of the anterior glenohumeral joint capsule on the ovine glenohumeral joint. In addition, the authors aim to validate and evaluate the reliability of a modified semi-quantitative MRI score to assess joint degeneration in a sheep’s shoulder. Eight skeletally mature sheep received an arthroscopic tenotomy of the LHBT and section of the anterior joint capsule and were euthanized four months after surgery. All animals tolerated the surgery well, and no complication was recorded for six weeks. Moderate degenerative changes to the ovine shoulder joint were found on MRI and histological evaluation. The arthroscopic tenotomy of the LHBT and the anterior glenohumeral joint capsule section caused moderate degenerative changes to the ovine shoulder joint.
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13
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Zhang C, Wu J, Li X, Wang Z, Lu WW, Wong TM. Current Biological Strategies to Enhance Surgical Treatment for Rotator Cuff Repair. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:657584. [PMID: 34178957 PMCID: PMC8226184 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.657584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Rotator cuff tear is one of the most common shoulder problems encountered by orthopedic surgeons. Due to the slow healing process and high retear rate, rotator cuff tear has distressed millions of people all around the world every year, especially for the elderly and active athletes. This disease significantly impairs patients' motor ability and reduces their quality of life. Besides conservative treatment, open and arthroscopic surgery contributes a lot to accelerate the healing process of rotator cuff tear. Currently, there are many emerging novel treatment methods to promote rotator cuff repair. A variety of biological stimulus has been utilized in clinical practice. Among them, platelet-rich plasma, growth factors, stem cells, and exosomes are the most popular biologics in laboratory research and clinical trials. This review will focus on the biologics of bioaugmentation methods for rotator cuff repair and tendon healing, including platelet-rich plasma, growth factors, exosomes and stem cells, etc. Relevant studies are summarized in this review and future research perspectives are introduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Zhang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Innovative Technology in Orthopaedic Trauma, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Orthopaedic Trauma Repair, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jun Wu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Innovative Technology in Orthopaedic Trauma, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Orthopaedic Trauma Repair, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Innovative Technology in Orthopaedic Trauma, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Orthopaedic Trauma Repair, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zejin Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Innovative Technology in Orthopaedic Trauma, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Orthopaedic Trauma Repair, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Weijia William Lu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Innovative Technology in Orthopaedic Trauma, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Orthopaedic Trauma Repair, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Center for Human Tissues and Organs Degeneration, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology (CAS), Shenzhen, China
| | - Tak-Man Wong
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Innovative Technology in Orthopaedic Trauma, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Orthopaedic Trauma Repair, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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14
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Chen B, Liang Y, Zhang J, Bai L, Xu M, Han Q, Han X, Xiu J, Li M, Zhou X, Guo B, Yin Z. Synergistic enhancement of tendon-to-bone healing via anti-inflammatory and pro-differentiation effects caused by sustained release of Mg 2+/curcumin from injectable self-healing hydrogels. Am J Cancer Res 2021; 11:5911-5925. [PMID: 33897889 PMCID: PMC8058719 DOI: 10.7150/thno.56266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Poor healing response after rotator cuff reconstruction is multifactorial, with the inflammatory microenvironment and deficiency of stem cell differentiation factors at the lesion site being most relevant. However, there is a lack of effective tissue engineering strategies that can simultaneously exert anti-inflammatory and pro-differentiation effects to promote rotator cuff healing. Methods: In this study, we synthesized and characterized a novel active drug delivery vector that successfully overcame the challenge of simultaneous high-efficiency loading and controlled release of Mg2+ and curcumin. The anti-inflammatory and pro-differentiation effects of the composite hydrogel were evaluated in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, healing of the rotator cuff tendon-to-bone interface was studied by histology, immunofluorescence, and biomechanical tests. Results: The composite hydrogel exhibited excellent biocompatibility and injectability, good adhesiveness, and rapid self-healing. The released curcumin showed obvious anti-inflammatory and antioxidation effects, which protected stem cells and tendon matrix. Furthermore, released Mg2+ promoted stem cell aggregation and chondrogenesis. Moreover, biomechanical tests and histological results of a rat rotator cuff tear model at 8 weeks after surgery indicated that the composite hydrogel significantly enhanced tendon-to-bone healing. Conclusions: The composite hydrogel mediated sustained in situ release of curcumin and Mg2+ to effectively promote rotator cuff tendon-to-bone healing via anti-inflammatory and pro-differentiation effects. Therefore, this composite hydrogel offers significant promise for rotator cuff repair.
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Longo UG, Carnevale A, Massaroni C, Lo Presti D, Berton A, Candela V, Schena E, Denaro V. Personalized, Predictive, Participatory, Precision, and Preventive (P5) Medicine in Rotator Cuff Tears. J Pers Med 2021; 11:255. [PMID: 33915689 PMCID: PMC8066336 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11040255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Rotator cuff (RC) disease is a common musculoskeletal disorder of the shoulder entailing pain, with reduced functionality and quality of life. The main objective of this study was to present a perspective of the current scientific evidence about personalized, predictive, participatory, precision, and preventive approaches in the management of RC diseases. The personalized, predictive, participatory, precision and preventive (P5) medicine model is an interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary approach that will provide researchers and clinicians with a comprehensive patrimony of knowledge in the management of RC diseases. The ability to define genetic predispositions in conjunction with the evaluation of lifestyle and environmental factors may boost the tailoring of diagnosis and therapy in patients suffering from RC diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umile Giuseppe Longo
- Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Campus Bio-Medico University, Via Álvaro del Portillo, 00128 Rome, Italy; (A.C.); (A.B.); (V.C.); (V.D.)
| | - Arianna Carnevale
- Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Campus Bio-Medico University, Via Álvaro del Portillo, 00128 Rome, Italy; (A.C.); (A.B.); (V.C.); (V.D.)
- Unit of Measurements and Biomedical Instrumentation, Campus Bio-Medico University, Via Álvaro del Portillo, 00128 Rome, Italy; (C.M.); (D.L.P.); (E.S.)
| | - Carlo Massaroni
- Unit of Measurements and Biomedical Instrumentation, Campus Bio-Medico University, Via Álvaro del Portillo, 00128 Rome, Italy; (C.M.); (D.L.P.); (E.S.)
| | - Daniela Lo Presti
- Unit of Measurements and Biomedical Instrumentation, Campus Bio-Medico University, Via Álvaro del Portillo, 00128 Rome, Italy; (C.M.); (D.L.P.); (E.S.)
| | - Alessandra Berton
- Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Campus Bio-Medico University, Via Álvaro del Portillo, 00128 Rome, Italy; (A.C.); (A.B.); (V.C.); (V.D.)
| | - Vincenzo Candela
- Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Campus Bio-Medico University, Via Álvaro del Portillo, 00128 Rome, Italy; (A.C.); (A.B.); (V.C.); (V.D.)
| | - Emiliano Schena
- Unit of Measurements and Biomedical Instrumentation, Campus Bio-Medico University, Via Álvaro del Portillo, 00128 Rome, Italy; (C.M.); (D.L.P.); (E.S.)
| | - Vincenzo Denaro
- Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Campus Bio-Medico University, Via Álvaro del Portillo, 00128 Rome, Italy; (A.C.); (A.B.); (V.C.); (V.D.)
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Gervasi M, Barbieri E, Capparucci I, Annibalini G, Sisti D, Amatori S, Carrabs V, Valli G, Donati Zeppa S, Rocchi MBL, Stocchi V, Sestili P. Treatment of Achilles Tendinopathy in Recreational Runners with Peritendinous Hyaluronic Acid Injections: A Viscoelastometric, Functional, and Biochemical Pilot Study. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10071397. [PMID: 33807327 PMCID: PMC8037202 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10071397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Achilles tendinopathy (AT) affects ca. 10 million recreational runners in Europe; the practice of hyaluronic acid (HA) infiltration is being increasingly adopted. The aim of this pilot study was to monitor the effects of a three-local time-spaced injections regimen of HA in the treatment of AT in middle-aged runners combining for the first time viscoelastometric, biochemical, and functional methodologies with routine clinical examinations. METHODS Eight male runners (Age 49.3 ± 3.9), diagnosed for unilateral AT, were given three ultrasound (US) guided peritendinous HA injections at the baseline (T0) and every fifteenth day with a follow-up on the forty-fifth day (T1, T2, and T3). At all-time points patients were assessed for viscoelastic tone and stiffness, maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC), and pain level (Likert scale 0-5). The peritendinous effusions of the injured tendon were collected at T0 and T2 to quantify the volume variations and the IL-1β and MMP-3 levels. RESULTS At T0 MVIC and pain score were significantly lower and higher, respectively, in injured tendons. The volume, IL-1β and MMP-3 levels decreased in the course of treatment and the clinical endpoints ameliorated over time. Tone, stiffness, and functional performance also varied significantly at T2 and T3, as compared to T0. CONCLUSIONS The sequential peritendinous injections of HA were effective in the amelioration of the clinical symptoms, as well as of the functional and viscoelastic state associated with AT. The determination of the viscoelastometric state may help to precisely evaluate the healing process in AT patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Gervasi
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University Urbino Carlo Bo, via A. Saffi 2, 61029 Urbino, Italy; (E.B.); (I.C.); (G.A.); (D.S.); (S.A.); (V.C.); (G.V.); (S.D.Z.); (M.B.L.R.); (V.S.); (P.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-072-230-3013
| | - Elena Barbieri
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University Urbino Carlo Bo, via A. Saffi 2, 61029 Urbino, Italy; (E.B.); (I.C.); (G.A.); (D.S.); (S.A.); (V.C.); (G.V.); (S.D.Z.); (M.B.L.R.); (V.S.); (P.S.)
- Interuniversity Institute of Myology (IIM), 06121 Perugia, Italy
| | - Italo Capparucci
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University Urbino Carlo Bo, via A. Saffi 2, 61029 Urbino, Italy; (E.B.); (I.C.); (G.A.); (D.S.); (S.A.); (V.C.); (G.V.); (S.D.Z.); (M.B.L.R.); (V.S.); (P.S.)
| | - Giosuè Annibalini
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University Urbino Carlo Bo, via A. Saffi 2, 61029 Urbino, Italy; (E.B.); (I.C.); (G.A.); (D.S.); (S.A.); (V.C.); (G.V.); (S.D.Z.); (M.B.L.R.); (V.S.); (P.S.)
| | - Davide Sisti
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University Urbino Carlo Bo, via A. Saffi 2, 61029 Urbino, Italy; (E.B.); (I.C.); (G.A.); (D.S.); (S.A.); (V.C.); (G.V.); (S.D.Z.); (M.B.L.R.); (V.S.); (P.S.)
| | - Stefano Amatori
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University Urbino Carlo Bo, via A. Saffi 2, 61029 Urbino, Italy; (E.B.); (I.C.); (G.A.); (D.S.); (S.A.); (V.C.); (G.V.); (S.D.Z.); (M.B.L.R.); (V.S.); (P.S.)
| | - Vittoria Carrabs
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University Urbino Carlo Bo, via A. Saffi 2, 61029 Urbino, Italy; (E.B.); (I.C.); (G.A.); (D.S.); (S.A.); (V.C.); (G.V.); (S.D.Z.); (M.B.L.R.); (V.S.); (P.S.)
| | - Giacomo Valli
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University Urbino Carlo Bo, via A. Saffi 2, 61029 Urbino, Italy; (E.B.); (I.C.); (G.A.); (D.S.); (S.A.); (V.C.); (G.V.); (S.D.Z.); (M.B.L.R.); (V.S.); (P.S.)
| | - Sabrina Donati Zeppa
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University Urbino Carlo Bo, via A. Saffi 2, 61029 Urbino, Italy; (E.B.); (I.C.); (G.A.); (D.S.); (S.A.); (V.C.); (G.V.); (S.D.Z.); (M.B.L.R.); (V.S.); (P.S.)
| | - Marco Bruno Luigi Rocchi
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University Urbino Carlo Bo, via A. Saffi 2, 61029 Urbino, Italy; (E.B.); (I.C.); (G.A.); (D.S.); (S.A.); (V.C.); (G.V.); (S.D.Z.); (M.B.L.R.); (V.S.); (P.S.)
| | - Vilberto Stocchi
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University Urbino Carlo Bo, via A. Saffi 2, 61029 Urbino, Italy; (E.B.); (I.C.); (G.A.); (D.S.); (S.A.); (V.C.); (G.V.); (S.D.Z.); (M.B.L.R.); (V.S.); (P.S.)
| | - Piero Sestili
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University Urbino Carlo Bo, via A. Saffi 2, 61029 Urbino, Italy; (E.B.); (I.C.); (G.A.); (D.S.); (S.A.); (V.C.); (G.V.); (S.D.Z.); (M.B.L.R.); (V.S.); (P.S.)
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17
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Chen J, Svensson J, Sundberg CJ, Ahmed AS, Ackermann PW. FGF gene expression in injured tendons as a prognostic biomarker of 1-year patient outcome after Achilles tendon repair. J Exp Orthop 2021; 8:20. [PMID: 33694106 PMCID: PMC7947072 DOI: 10.1186/s40634-021-00335-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Healing outcome after Achilles Tendon Rupture (ATR) is variable and unsatisfactory. Many ATR patients still exhibit pain, functional deficits and limitations in walking one-year post-surgery. The present study was designed to investigate the association between the expression of healing biomarkers and patient outcome after ATR. METHODS Tendon biopsies were collected from 25 ATR patients during surgery. At 1-year post surgery, all patients completed questionnaires; Achilles tendon Total Rupture Score (ATRS) and Foot and Ankle Outcome Score (FAOS), and were tested for functional outcomes by heel-rise test. In biopsies, FGF, COL III, FN, COL I and MMP-9 mRNA levels were assessed by quantitative RT-PCR while protein expression was studied by immunohistochemistry (IHC). RESULTS Our analysis confirmed the presence of FGF, COL III, FN, COL I and MMP-9 at mRNA and protein levels in tendon biopsies. FGF gene expression associated positively with improved total ATRS and better functional outcomes. Additionally, FGF mRNA levels were associated with less pain, less running limitations and less loss in physical activity. In addition, higher COL III mRNA expression was associated with more tendon strength. CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that FGF gene expression is associated with improved patient-reported outcome. FGF expression in surgical biopsies could potentially be used to assist the prognostic evaluation of patient outcome and may be used as a predictor for healing. However, further studies are needed to evaluate the role of FGF in Achilles tendon healing. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyu Chen
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, 171 76, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Joel Svensson
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, 171 76, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Carl-Johan Sundberg
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Learning, Informatics, Management and Ethics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Aisha Siddiqah Ahmed
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, 171 76, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Paul W Ackermann
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, 171 76, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Gleich J, Milz S, Ockert B. [Principles of tendon healing at the shoulder and consequences for their treatment : Importance of platelet-rich plasma and regenerative medicine]. Unfallchirurg 2020; 124:89-95. [PMID: 33346862 DOI: 10.1007/s00113-020-00941-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Tendon pathologies are a frequent cause of shoulder pain and can lead to significant decline in the quality of life. Conservative treatment is suitable for most tendon pathologies. In addition to classical conservative treatment options, such as physiotherapy, oral analgesia and infiltrations, there are a number of additive treatment options to promote structural tendon healing and clinical outcome. Furthermore, there are approaches to improve the results of the surgical treatment of tendon injuries by biological augmentation. The objective of this article is to give an overview of biological and regenerative therapeutic options in the treatment of tendon injuries of the shoulder. Therefore, the anatomical and molecular biological principles of the tendon structure and their importance for tendon healing are explained in order to highlight the various therapeutic options for daily practice. Biological augmentation procedures and regenerative medicine represent a promising therapeutic option for tendon injuries of the shoulder, however, the benefits are so far supported by little or no evidence at all.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Gleich
- Sektion Schulter- und Ellenbogenchirurgie, Klinik für Allgemeine, Unfall- und Wiederherstellungschirurgie, LMU Klinikum, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Nussbaumstr. 20, 80336, München, Deutschland.
| | - S Milz
- Anatomische Anstalt, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, München, Deutschland
| | - B Ockert
- Sektion Schulter- und Ellenbogenchirurgie, Klinik für Allgemeine, Unfall- und Wiederherstellungschirurgie, LMU Klinikum, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Nussbaumstr. 20, 80336, München, Deutschland
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Conjugation with Methylsulfonylmethane Improves Hyaluronic Acid Anti-Inflammatory Activity in a Hydrogen Peroxide-Exposed Tenocyte Culture In Vitro Model. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21217956. [PMID: 33114764 PMCID: PMC7662253 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21217956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Rotator cuff tears (RCTs) and rotator cuff disease (RCD) are important causes of disability in middle-aged individuals affected by nontraumatic shoulder dysfunctions. Our previous studies have demonstrated that four different hyaluronic acid preparations (HAPs), including Artrosulfur® hyaluronic acid (HA) (Alfakjn S.r.l., Garlasco, Italy), may exert a protective effect in human RCT-derived tendon cells undergoing oxidative stress damage. Recently, methylsulfonylmethane (MSM) (Barentz, Paderno Dugnano, Italy) has proven to have anti-inflammatory properties and to cause pain relief in patients affected by tendinopathies. This study aims at evaluating three preparations (Artrosulfur® HA, MSM, and Artrosulfur® MSM + HA) in the recovery from hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress damage in human tenocyte. Cell proliferation, Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) release, and inducible nitric oxide synthases (iNOS) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) modulation were investigated. In parallel, expression of metalloproteinases 2 (MMP2) and 14 (MMP14) and collagen types I and III were also examined. Results demonstrate that Artrosulfur® MSM + HA improves cell escape from oxidative stress by decreasing cytotoxicity and by reducing iNOS and PGE2 secretion. Furthermore, it differentially modulates MMP2 and MMP14 levels and enhances collagen III expression after 24 h, proteins globally related to rapid acceleration of the extracellular matrix (ECM) remodelling and thus tendon healing. By improving the anti-cytotoxic effect of HA, the supplementation of MSM may represent a feasible strategy to ameliorate cuff tendinopathies.
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20
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Viganò M, Lugano G, Perucca Orfei C, Menon A, Ragni E, Colombini A, De Luca P, Randelli P, de Girolamo L. Autologous microfragmented adipose tissue reduces inflammatory and catabolic markers in supraspinatus tendon cells derived from patients affected by rotator cuff tears. INTERNATIONAL ORTHOPAEDICS 2020; 45:419-426. [PMID: 32642826 DOI: 10.1007/s00264-020-04693-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Rotator cuff tears are common musculoskeletal disorders, and surgical repair is characterized by a high rate of re-tear. Regenerative medicine strategies, in particular mesenchymal stem cell-based therapies, have been proposed to enhance tendon healing and reduce the re-tear rate. Autologous microfragmented adipose tissue (μFAT) allows for the clinical application of cell therapies and showed the ability to improve tenocyte proliferation and viability in previous in vitro assessments. The hypothesis of this study is that μFAT paracrine action would reduce the catabolic and inflammatory marker expression in tendon cells (TCs) derived from injured supraspinatus tendon (SST). METHODS TCs derived from injured SST were co-cultured with autologous μFAT in transwell for 48 h. Metabolic activity, DNA content, the content of soluble mediators in the media, and the gene expression of tendon-specific, inflammatory, and catabolic markers were analyzed. RESULTS μFAT-treated TCs showed a reduced expression of PTGS2 and MMP-3 with respect to untreated controls. Increased IL-1Ra, VEGF, and IL-6 content were observed in the media of μFAT-treated samples, in comparison with untreated TCs. CONCLUSION μFAT exerted an anti-inflammatory action on supraspinatus tendon cells in vitro through paracrine action, resulting in the reduction of catabolic and inflammatory marker expression. These observations potentially support the use of μFAT as adjuvant therapy in the treatment of rotator cuff disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Viganò
- Orthopedics Biotechnology Lab, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, via Riccardo Galeazzi 4, 20161, Milan, Italy
| | - Gaia Lugano
- Orthopedics Biotechnology Lab, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, via Riccardo Galeazzi 4, 20161, Milan, Italy
| | - Carlotta Perucca Orfei
- Orthopedics Biotechnology Lab, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, via Riccardo Galeazzi 4, 20161, Milan, Italy.
| | - Alessandra Menon
- Laboratory of Applied Biomechanics, Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 31, 20133, Milan, Italy.,1° Clinica Ortopedica, ASST Centro Specialistico Ortopedico Traumatologico Gaetano Pini-CTO, Piazza Cardinal Ferrari 1, 20122, Milan, Italy
| | - Enrico Ragni
- Orthopedics Biotechnology Lab, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, via Riccardo Galeazzi 4, 20161, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandra Colombini
- Orthopedics Biotechnology Lab, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, via Riccardo Galeazzi 4, 20161, Milan, Italy
| | - Paola De Luca
- Orthopedics Biotechnology Lab, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, via Riccardo Galeazzi 4, 20161, Milan, Italy
| | - Pietro Randelli
- Laboratory of Applied Biomechanics, Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 31, 20133, Milan, Italy.,1° Clinica Ortopedica, ASST Centro Specialistico Ortopedico Traumatologico Gaetano Pini-CTO, Piazza Cardinal Ferrari 1, 20122, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura de Girolamo
- Orthopedics Biotechnology Lab, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, via Riccardo Galeazzi 4, 20161, Milan, Italy
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Popowski E, Kohl B, Schneider T, Jankowski J, Schulze-Tanzil G. Uremic Toxins and Ciprofloxacin Affect Human Tenocytes In Vitro. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21124241. [PMID: 32545914 PMCID: PMC7353042 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21124241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Tendinopathy is a rare but serious complication of quinolone therapy. Risk factors associated with quinolone-induced tendon disorders include chronic kidney disease accompanied by the accumulation of uremic toxins. Hence, the present study explored the effects of the representative uremic toxins phenylacetic acid (PAA) and quinolinic acid (QA), both alone and in combination with ciprofloxacin (CPX), on human tenocytes in vitro. Tenocytes incubated with uremic toxins +/- CPX were investigated for metabolic activity, vitality, expression of the dominant extracellular tendon matrix (ECM) protein type I collagen, cell-matrix receptor β1-integrin, proinflammatory interleukin (IL)-1β, and the ECM-degrading enzyme matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1. CPX, when administered at high concentrations (100 mM), suppressed tenocyte metabolism after 8 h exposure and at therapeutic concentrations after 72 h exposure. PAA reduced tenocyte metabolism only after 72 h exposure to very high doses and when combined with CPX. QA, when administered alone, led to scarcely any cytotoxic effect. Combinations of CPX with PAA or QA did not cause greater cytotoxicity than incubation with CPX alone. Gene expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1β was reduced by CPX but up-regulated by PAA and QA. Protein levels of type I collagen decreased in response to high CPX doses, whereas PAA and QA did not affect its synthesis significantly. MMP-1 mRNA levels were increased by CPX. This effect became more pronounced in the form of a synergism following exposure to a combination of CPX and PAA. CPX was more tenotoxic than the uremic toxins PAA and QA, which showed only distinct suppressive effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erman Popowski
- Department of Traumatology and Reconstructive Surgery, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203 Berlin, Germany; (E.P.); (B.K.); (T.S.)
| | - Benjamin Kohl
- Department of Traumatology and Reconstructive Surgery, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203 Berlin, Germany; (E.P.); (B.K.); (T.S.)
| | - Tobias Schneider
- Department of Traumatology and Reconstructive Surgery, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203 Berlin, Germany; (E.P.); (B.K.); (T.S.)
- Institute of Anatomy, Paracelsus Private Medical University, Nuremberg and Salzburg, Nuremberg, Prof. Ernst Nathan Str. 1, 90419 Nuremberg, Germany
| | - Joachim Jankowski
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR), RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany;
- Experimental Vascular Pathology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Gundula Schulze-Tanzil
- Experimental Vascular Pathology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-(0)911-398-6772
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22
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Cost-Effectiveness of Supervised versus Unsupervised Rehabilitation for Rotator-Cuff Repair: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17082852. [PMID: 32326198 PMCID: PMC7216111 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17082852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: The objective of the present study was to compare the efficacy between supervised and unsupervised rehabilitation after rotator-cuff (RC) repair in terms of clinical outcomes, visual-analog-scale (VAS) score, range of motion (ROM), and risk of retear. Material: a comprehensive search of Pubmed, CINAHL, Cochrane, EMBASE, Ovid, and Google Scholar databases through a combination of the following keywords with logical Boolean operators: “informed”, “uninformed”, “unsupervised”, “supervised”, “rehabilitation”, “physical therapy”, “physical therapies”, “postoperative period”, “physical-therapy techniques”, “physical-therapy technique”, “exercise”, “exercise therapy”, “rotator cuff”, “rotator-cuff tear”, and “rotator-cuff repair”. For each article included in the study, the following data were extracted: authors, year, study design, sample size and demographic features, RC tear characteristics, clinical outcomes, ROM, VAS score, retear rate, and time of follow-up. Meta-analysis was performed in terms of VAS score. Results: Four randomized control trials with 132 patients were included. One study demonstrated significant improvement in VAS, active ROM, and the activity of the muscle’s motor units at stop and during maximal effort in supervised patients. Another one showed lower retear rates in the supervised group. The remaining two randomized controlled trials did not reveal any significant differences between supervised and unsupervised rehabilitation in terms of clinical outcomes. Moreover, higher costs were described for supervised rehabilitation. The VAS was not significantly different in the two groups (9.9 compared with 8.25, p = 0.23). Conclusions: although several publications address the problem of RC lacerations, there is a paucity of evidence in the literature regarding the effectiveness of supervised and unsupervised rehabilitation protocols. This systematic review and meta-analysis showed no significant differences between the two types of rehabilitation in terms of VAS scores, while outlining the pros and cons of each protocol.
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23
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Petrillo S, Longo UG, Margiotti K, Candela V, Fusilli C, Rizzello G, De Luca A, Denaro V. Genetic factors in rotator cuff pathology: potential influence of col 5A1 polymorphism in outcomes of rotator cuff repair. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2020; 21:82. [PMID: 32303186 PMCID: PMC7165385 DOI: 10.1186/s12881-020-01022-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Background Investigations in genetics have provided valuable information about the correlation between gene variants and tendinopathy. Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms of COL5A1 gene are reported to be involved in Achilles tendinopathy, chronic degenerative tendon changes at the elbow, and other tendinopathies. The influence of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms of COL5A1 was previously analyzed in rotator cuff disease with confounding results. Moreover, the rs12722 polymorphism in COL5A1 gene has been implicated in the aetiology of musculoskeletal soft tissue injuries in several association studies. This study aims to analyse the possible influence of rs12722 polymorphism in COL5A1 in the outcomes of rotator cuff repair. Methods Seventy-nine patients were included in the study. DNA was extracted from 1.2 ml of venous blood and genotyped for COL5A1 SNPs rs12722. Rotator cuff muscle strength and range of motion (ROM) in anterior elevation, external and internal rotation of the shoulder were evaluated. Results Patients presenting COL5A1 SNP rs12722 CC showed a ROM of passive external rotation statistically significantly higher compared to patients with CT genotype and TT genotype. Conclusions COL5A1 SNP rs12722 may influence the functional outcomes of RCRs, even though further studies are required to confirm these preliminary results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Petrillo
- Prosthetic Surgery Centre, IRCCS Orthopedic Institute Galeazzi, via Riccardo Galeazzi 4, 20161, Milan, Italy
| | - Umile Giuseppe Longo
- Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
| | - Katia Margiotti
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotechnology, Campus-Bio Medico University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Molecular Genetics Unit, Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza Hospital, IRCCS, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy.,Istituto Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza - Mendel, Viale Regina Margherita 261, 00198, Roma, Italy.,ALTAMEDICA, Laboratorio Genetica Medica, Roma, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Candela
- Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Caterina Fusilli
- Bioinformatics Unit, Casa Sollievo Della Sofferenza Hospital, IRCCS, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Giacomo Rizzello
- Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro De Luca
- UOS Diagnosi Genetica Molecolare Istituto CSS-Mendel, Viale Regina Margherita 261, 00198, Roma, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Denaro
- Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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24
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Schmalzl J, Plumhoff P, Gilbert F, Gohlke F, Konrads C, Brunner U, Jakob F, Ebert R, Steinert AF. The inflamed biceps tendon as a pain generator in the shoulder: A histological and biomolecular analysis. J Orthop Surg (Hong Kong) 2020; 27:2309499018820349. [PMID: 30739571 DOI: 10.1177/2309499018820349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The long head of the biceps (LHB) is often resected in shoulder surgery. However, its contribution to inflammatory processes in the shoulder remains unclear. In the present study, inflamed and noninflamed human LHBs were comparatively characterized for features of inflammation. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-two resected LHB tendons were classified into inflamed ( n = 11) and noninflamed ( n = 11) samples. For histological examination, samples were stained with hematoxylin eosin, Azan, van Gieson, and Masson Goldner trichrome. Neuronal tissue was immunohistochemically visualized. In addition, specific inflammatory marker gene expression of primary LHB-derived cell cultures were analyzed. RESULTS Features of tendinopathy, such as collagen disorganization, infiltration by inflammatory cells, neovascularization, and extensive neuronal innervation were found in the tendinitis group. Compared to noninflamed samples, inflamed LHBs showed a significantly increased inflammatory marker gene expression. CONCLUSION Structural and biomolecular differences of both groups suggest that the LHB tendon acts as an important pain generator in the shoulder joint. These findings can, on the one hand, contribute to the understanding of the biomolecular genesis of LHB tendinitis and, on the other hand, provide possibilities for new therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Schmalzl
- 1 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Julius Maximilians University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany.,2 Department of Traumatology and Hand Surgery, St. Vincentius Clinic, Suedendstraße Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - P Plumhoff
- 1 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Julius Maximilians University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - F Gilbert
- 1 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Julius Maximilians University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany.,3 Department of Trauma, Hand, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - F Gohlke
- 1 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Julius Maximilians University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany.,4 Clinic for Shoulder Surgery, Rhoen Klinikum AG, Bad Neustadt/Saale, Germany
| | - C Konrads
- 1 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Julius Maximilians University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - U Brunner
- 5 Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Norbert-Kerkel-Platz, Krankenhaus Agatharied GmbH, Hausham, Germany
| | - F Jakob
- 1 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Julius Maximilians University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - R Ebert
- 1 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Julius Maximilians University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - A F Steinert
- 1 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Julius Maximilians University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany.,5 Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Norbert-Kerkel-Platz, Krankenhaus Agatharied GmbH, Hausham, Germany
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25
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Longo UG, Risi Ambrogioni L, Berton A, Candela V, Carnevale A, Schena E, Gugliemelli E, Denaro V. Physical therapy and precision rehabilitation in shoulder rotator cuff disease. INTERNATIONAL ORTHOPAEDICS 2020; 44:893-903. [PMID: 32157371 DOI: 10.1007/s00264-020-04511-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To describe the main features of the rehabilitation protocols for RC disease based on the phases of tendon healing and to investigate about the use of wearable devices as monitoring systems. METHODS We performed a comprehensive search of PubMed, Medline, Cochrane, CINAHL, and EMBASE databases using various combination of the keywords "rotator cuff," "rotator cuff tear," "rehabilitation protocol," "accelerated," "conservative," "stiffness," "exercises," and "wearable devices." All articles concerning precision orthopaedic rehabilitation therapy in rotator cuff disease were retrieved. RESULTS To date, rehabilitation protocols are not comparable due to wide heterogeneity of RC diseases. Wearable technologies are becoming a revolutionary tool for movement and posture monitoring. CONCLUSION Rehabilitation protocols for RC disease should be tailored on the basis of the different phases of tendon healing. Wearable devices hold the promise to offer a new outlook for long-term follow-up during the postoperative period providing information to the clinician about patient's status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umile Giuseppe Longo
- Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Campus Bio-Medico University, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 200, Trigoria, 00128, Rome, Italy.
| | - Laura Risi Ambrogioni
- Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Campus Bio-Medico University, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 200, Trigoria, 00128, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Berton
- Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Campus Bio-Medico University, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 200, Trigoria, 00128, Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Candela
- Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Campus Bio-Medico University, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 200, Trigoria, 00128, Rome, Italy
| | - Arianna Carnevale
- Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Campus Bio-Medico University, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 200, Trigoria, 00128, Rome, Italy.,Laboratory of Measurement and Biomedical Instrumentation, Campus Bio-Medico University, Rome, Italy
| | - Emiliano Schena
- Laboratory of Measurement and Biomedical Instrumentation, Campus Bio-Medico University, Rome, Italy
| | - Eugenio Gugliemelli
- Laboratory of Biomedical Robotics, Campus Bio-Medico University, Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Denaro
- Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Campus Bio-Medico University, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 200, Trigoria, 00128, Rome, Italy
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26
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In Vivo and In Vitro Mechanical Loading of Mouse Achilles Tendons and Tenocytes-A Pilot Study. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21041313. [PMID: 32075290 PMCID: PMC7072865 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21041313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanical force is a key factor for the maintenance, adaptation, and function of tendons. Investigating the impact of mechanical loading in tenocytes and tendons might provide important information on in vivo tendon mechanobiology. Therefore, the study aimed at understanding if an in vitro loading set up of tenocytes leads to similar regulations of cell shape and gene expression, as loading of the Achilles tendon in an in vivo mouse model. In vivo: The left tibiae of mice (n = 12) were subject to axial cyclic compressive loading for 3 weeks, and the Achilles tendons were harvested. The right tibiae served as the internal non-loaded control. In vitro: tenocytes were isolated from mice Achilles tendons and were loaded for 4 h or 5 days (n = 6 per group) based on the in vivo protocol. Histology showed significant differences in the cell shape between in vivo and in vitro loading. On the molecular level, quantitative real-time PCR revealed significant differences in the gene expression of collagen type I and III and of the matrix metalloproteinases (MMP). Tendon-associated markers showed a similar expression profile. This study showed that the gene expression of tendon markers was similar, whereas significant changes in the expression of extracellular matrix (ECM) related genes were detected between in vivo and in vitro loading. This first pilot study is important for understanding to which extent in vitro stimulation set-ups of tenocytes can mimic in vivo characteristics.
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27
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Longo UG, Petrillo S, Candela V, Rizzello G, Loppini M, Maffulli N, Denaro V. Arthroscopic rotator cuff repair with and without subacromial decompression is safe and effective: a clinical study. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2020; 21:24. [PMID: 31926559 PMCID: PMC6955088 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-019-3032-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Subacromial decompression, that consists of the release of the coracoid-acromial ligament, subacromial bursectomy and anterior-inferior acromioplasty, has traditionally been performed in the management of this pathology. However, the purpose of subacromial decompression procedure is not clearly explained. Our reaserch aimed to analyse the differences among the outcomes of arthroscopic rotator cuff repair (RCR) made with suture anchors, with or without the subacromial decompression procedure. METHODS 116 shoulders of 107 patients affected by rotator cuff (RC) tear were treated with Arthroscopic RCR. In 54 subjectes, the arthroscopic RCR and the subacromial decompression procedure (group A) were executed, whereas 53 took only arthroscopic RCR (group B). Clinical outcomes were evaluated through the use of the modified UCLA shoulder rating system, Wolfgang criteria shoulder score and Oxford shoulder score (OSS). Functional outcomes were assessed utilizing active and passive range of motion (ROM) of the shoulder, and muscle strength. The duration of the follow up and the configuration of the acromion were used to realize the comparison between the two groups. RESULTS In patients with 2 to 5 year follow up, UCLA score resulted greater in group A patients. In subjectes with longer than five years of follow up, group B patients showed considerably greater UCLA score and OSS if related with group A patients. In subjectes that had the type II acromion, group B patients presented a significant greater strength in external rotation. CONCLUSION The long term clinical outcomes resulted significantly higher in patients treated only with RCR respect the ones in patients underwent to RCR with subacromial decompression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umile Giuseppe Longo
- Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Campus Bio-Medico University, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 200, 00128, Rome, Italy. .,Centro Integrato di Ricerca (CIR) Campus Bio-Medico University, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 21, 00128, Rome, Italy.
| | - Stefano Petrillo
- Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Campus Bio-Medico University, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 200, 00128, Rome, Italy.,Centro Integrato di Ricerca (CIR) Campus Bio-Medico University, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 21, 00128, Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Candela
- Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Campus Bio-Medico University, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 200, 00128, Rome, Italy.,Centro Integrato di Ricerca (CIR) Campus Bio-Medico University, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 21, 00128, Rome, Italy
| | - Giacomo Rizzello
- Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Campus Bio-Medico University, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 200, 00128, Rome, Italy.,Centro Integrato di Ricerca (CIR) Campus Bio-Medico University, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 21, 00128, Rome, Italy
| | - Mattia Loppini
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, 20090, Milan, Italy.,Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Via Alessandro Manzoni 56, 20089, Milan, Italy
| | - Nicola Maffulli
- Department of Musculoskeletal Disorders, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy.,Centre for Sports and Exercise Medicine, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Mile End Hospital, 275 Bancroft Road, London, E1 4DG, England.,Keele University Faculty of Medicine, School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Guy Hilton Research Centre, Thornburrow Drive, Hartshill, Stoke-on-Trent, ST4 7QB, England
| | - Vincenzo Denaro
- Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Campus Bio-Medico University, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 200, 00128, Rome, Italy.,Centro Integrato di Ricerca (CIR) Campus Bio-Medico University, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 21, 00128, Rome, Italy
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28
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Weng CJ, Lee D, Ho J, Liu SJ. Doxycycline-Embedded Nanofibrous Membranes Help Promote Healing of Tendon Rupture. Int J Nanomedicine 2020; 15:125-136. [PMID: 32021169 PMCID: PMC6966150 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s217697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Despite recent advancements in surgical techniques, the repair of tendon rupture remains a challenge for surgeons. The purpose of this study was to develop novel doxycycline-loaded biodegradable nanofibrous membranes and evaluate their efficacy for the repair of Achilles tendon rupture in a rat model. Materials and Methods The drug-loaded nanofibers were prepared using the electrospinning process and drug release from the prepared membranes was investigated both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, the safety and efficacy of the drug-loaded nanofibrous membranes were evaluated in rats that underwent tendon surgeries. An animal behavior cage was employed to monitor the post-surgery activity of the animals. Results The experimental results demonstrated that poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) nanofibers released effective concentrations of doxycycline for more than 40 days post-surgery, and the systemic plasma drug concentration was low. Rats receiving implantation of doxycycline-loaded nanofibers also showed greater activities and stronger tendons post-operation. Conclusion Nanofibers loaded with doxycycline may have great potential in the repair of Achilles tendon rupture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Jui Weng
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Musculoskeletal Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Demei Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Jui Ho
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Jung Liu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Musculoskeletal Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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29
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Figueiredo EA, Loyola LC, Belangero PS, Campos Ribeiro-Dos-Santos ÂK, Emanuel Batista Santos S, Cohen C, Wajnsztejn A, Martins de Oliveira A, Smith MC, Pochini ADC, Andreoli CV, Ejnisman B, Cohen M, Leal MF. Rotator Cuff Tear Susceptibility Is Associated With Variants in Genes Involved in Tendon Extracellular Matrix Homeostasis. J Orthop Res 2020; 38:192-201. [PMID: 31444797 DOI: 10.1002/jor.24455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Rotator cuff tears (RCT) is a multifactorial disease with genetic factors contributing for the disease etiology. We hypothesized that genetic variants in genes involved in extracellular matrix (ECM) homeostasis may alter susceptibility to RCT. We evaluated 20 polymorphisms of genes involved in ECM homeostasis in 211 cases of full-thickness tears of the supraspinatus (Nfemales = 130; Nmales = 81) and 567 age-matched controls (Nfemales = 317; Nmales = 250). Multivariate logistic regressions were carried out with age, gender, genetic ancestry (based on the analysis of 61 biallelic short insertion/deletion polymorphisms), and common co-morbidities (diabetes, dyslipidemia, and smoking habits) as covariates. We observed that carriers of the rare allele of both studied variants of TGFB1, as well as their G/A (rs1800470/rs1800469) haplotype, were less susceptible to RCT (p < 0.05). In contrast, carriers of the G allele of MMP9 rs17576 (p = 0.014) or G/G haplotype (rs17576/rs17577; p < 0.001) had an increased risk for tendon tears. The presence of the T allele of MMP2 rs2285053 (p = 0.033), the T allele of MMP3 rs679620 (p = 0.024), and the TT-genotype of TIMP2 rs2277698 (p = 0.01) was associated with susceptibility to tears, especially in females. In males, the A allele of COL5A1 rs3196378 (p = 0.032) and the G allele of TGFBR1 rs1590 (p = 0.039) were independent risk factors for RCT. The C/T COL5A1 (rs3196378/rs11103544) haplotype was associated with a reduced risk of tears in males (p = 0.03). In conclusion, we identified the genetic variants associated with RCT susceptibility, thereby reinforcing the role of genes involved in the structure and homeostasis of the ECM of tendons in disease development. © 2019 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 38:192-201, 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo A Figueiredo
- Departamento de Ortopedia e Traumatologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, 04038-032, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leonor Casilla Loyola
- Departamento de Ortopedia e Traumatologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, 04038-032, São Paulo, Brazil.,Disciplina de Genética, Departamento de Morfologia e Genética, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, 04023-001, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paulo S Belangero
- Departamento de Ortopedia e Traumatologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, 04038-032, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Sidney Emanuel Batista Santos
- Laboratório de Genética Humana e Médica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Carina Cohen
- Departamento de Ortopedia e Traumatologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, 04038-032, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Andre Wajnsztejn
- Departamento de Ortopedia e Traumatologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, 04038-032, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adrielle Martins de Oliveira
- Departamento de Ortopedia e Traumatologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, 04038-032, São Paulo, Brazil.,Disciplina de Genética, Departamento de Morfologia e Genética, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, 04023-001, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marília C Smith
- Disciplina de Genética, Departamento de Morfologia e Genética, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, 04023-001, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alberto de Castro Pochini
- Departamento de Ortopedia e Traumatologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, 04038-032, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carlos V Andreoli
- Departamento de Ortopedia e Traumatologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, 04038-032, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Benno Ejnisman
- Departamento de Ortopedia e Traumatologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, 04038-032, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Moises Cohen
- Departamento de Ortopedia e Traumatologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, 04038-032, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mariana F Leal
- Departamento de Ortopedia e Traumatologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, 04038-032, São Paulo, Brazil.,Disciplina de Genética, Departamento de Morfologia e Genética, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, 04023-001, São Paulo, Brazil
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Plachel F, Moroder P, Gehwolf R, Tempfer H, Wagner A, Auffarth A, Matis N, Pauly S, Tauber M, Traweger A. Risk Factors for Rotator Cuff Disease: An Experimental Study on Intact Human Subscapularis Tendons. J Orthop Res 2020; 38:182-191. [PMID: 31161610 PMCID: PMC6973132 DOI: 10.1002/jor.24385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Although several studies revealed a multifactorial pathogenesis of degenerative rotator cuff disorders, the impact and interaction of extrinsic variables is still poorly understood. Thus, this study aimed at uncovering the effect of patient- and pathology-specific risk factors that may contribute to degeneration of the rotator cuff tendons. Between 2015 and 2018, 54 patients who underwent arthroscopic shoulder surgery at three specialized shoulder clinics were prospectively included. Using tendon samples harvested from the macroscopically intact subscapularis (SSC) tendon, targeted messenger RNA expression profile analysis was performed in the first cohort (n = 38). Furthermore, histological analyses were conducted on tendon tissue samples obtained from a second cohort (n = 16). Overall, both study cohorts were comparable concerning patient demographics. Results were then analyzed with respect to specific extrinsic factors, such as patient age, body mass index, current as well as previous professions and sport activities, smoking habit, and systemic metabolic diseases. While patient age, sports-activity level, and preexisting rotator cuff lesions were considered to contribute most strongly to tendinopathogenesis, no further coherences were found. With regards to gene expression analysis, change in expression correlated most strongly with patient age and severity of the rotator cuff pathology. Further, chronic disorders increased overall gene expression variation. Taken together, our study provides further evidence that tendon degeneration is the consequence of a multifactorial process and pathological changes of the supraspinatus tendon affect the quality of SSC tendon and most likely vice versa. Therefore, the rotator cuff tendons need to be considered as a unit when managing rotator cuff pathologies. © 2019 The Authors. Journal of Orthopaedic Research® published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of Orthopaedic Research Society J Orthop Res 38:182-191, 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Plachel
- Institute of Tendon and Bone Regeneration, Spinal Cord Injury & Tissue Regeneration Center SalzburgParacelsus Medical UniversitySalzburgAustria,Department of Orthopedics and TraumatologyParacelsus Medical UniversitySalzburgAustria,Center for Musculoskeletal SurgeryCharité UniversitaetsmedizinAugustenburger Platz 1Berlin13353Germany
| | - Philipp Moroder
- Center for Musculoskeletal SurgeryCharité UniversitaetsmedizinAugustenburger Platz 1Berlin13353Germany
| | - Renate Gehwolf
- Institute of Tendon and Bone Regeneration, Spinal Cord Injury & Tissue Regeneration Center SalzburgParacelsus Medical UniversitySalzburgAustria,Austrian Cluster for Tissue RegenerationViennaAustria
| | - Herbert Tempfer
- Institute of Tendon and Bone Regeneration, Spinal Cord Injury & Tissue Regeneration Center SalzburgParacelsus Medical UniversitySalzburgAustria,Austrian Cluster for Tissue RegenerationViennaAustria
| | - Andrea Wagner
- Institute of Tendon and Bone Regeneration, Spinal Cord Injury & Tissue Regeneration Center SalzburgParacelsus Medical UniversitySalzburgAustria,Austrian Cluster for Tissue RegenerationViennaAustria
| | - Alexander Auffarth
- Department of Orthopedics and TraumatologyParacelsus Medical UniversitySalzburgAustria
| | - Nicholas Matis
- Department of Orthopedics and TraumatologyParacelsus Medical UniversitySalzburgAustria
| | - Stephan Pauly
- Center for Musculoskeletal SurgeryCharité UniversitaetsmedizinAugustenburger Platz 1Berlin13353Germany
| | - Mark Tauber
- Department of Orthopedics and TraumatologyParacelsus Medical UniversitySalzburgAustria,German Shoulder CentreATOS Clinic MunichMunichGermany
| | - Andreas Traweger
- Institute of Tendon and Bone Regeneration, Spinal Cord Injury & Tissue Regeneration Center SalzburgParacelsus Medical UniversitySalzburgAustria,Austrian Cluster for Tissue RegenerationViennaAustria
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Autologous Microfragmented Adipose Tissue Reduces the Catabolic and Fibrosis Response in an In Vitro Model of Tendon Cell Inflammation. Stem Cells Int 2019; 2019:5620286. [PMID: 31885616 PMCID: PMC6915130 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5620286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) emerged as a promising therapy for tendon pathologies. Microfragmented adipose tissue (μFAT) represents a convenient autologous product for the application of MSC-based therapies in the clinical setting. In the present study, the ability of μFAT to counteract inflammatory processes induced by IL-1β on human tendon cells (TCs) was evaluated. Methods Cell viability and proliferation were evaluated after 48 hours of transwell coculture of TCs and autologous μFAT in the presence or absence of IL-1β. Gene expression of scleraxis, collagen type I and type III, metalloproteinases-1 and -3, and cyclooxygenase-2 was evaluated by real-time RT-PCR. The content of VEGF, IL-1Ra, TNFα, and IL-6 was evaluated by ELISA. Results IL-1β-treated TCs showed augmented collagen type III, metalloproteases, and cyclooxygenase-2 expression. μFAT was able to reduce the expression of collagen type III and metalloproteases-1 in a significant manner, and at the same time, it enhanced the production of VEGF, IL-1Ra, and IL-6. Conclusions In this in vitro model of tendon cell inflammation, the paracrine action of μFAT, exerted by anti-inflammatory molecules and growth factors, was able to inhibit the expression of fibrosis and catabolic markers. Then, these results suggest that the application of μFAT may represent an effective conservative or adjuvant therapy for the treatment of tendon disorders.
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Wu PT, Su WR, Li CL, Hsieh JL, Ma CH, Wu CL, Kuo LC, Jou IM, Chen SY. Inhibition of CD44 induces apoptosis, inflammation, and matrix metalloproteinase expression in tendinopathy. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:20177-20184. [PMID: 31732563 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.009675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis has emerged as a primary cause of tendinopathy. CD44 signaling pathways exert anti-apoptotic and -inflammatory effects on tumor cells, chondrocytes, and fibroblast-like synoviocytes. The aim of this study was to examine the association among CD44, apoptosis, and inflammation in tendinopathy. Expression of CD44 and apoptotic cell numbers in tendon tissue from patients with long head of biceps (LHB) tendinopathy were determined according to the histological grades of tendinopathy. Primary tenocytes from Achilles tendon of Sprague-Dawley rats 1 week after collagenase injection were cultured with an antagonizing antibody against CD44. Treatment responses were determined by evaluating cell viability and expression of tendon-related proliferation markers, inflammatory mediators, and apoptosis. The expression of CD44 and apoptosis were positively correlated with the severity of tendinopathy in the human LHB tendinopathy. Furthermore, CD44 expression and apoptotic cells were co-stained in tendinopathic tendon. Blocking the CD44 signaling pathways in rat primary tenocytes by OX-50 induced cell apoptosis and the elevated levels of cleaved caspase-3. Furthermore, they had decreased cell viability and expression of collagen type I, type III, tenomodulin, and phosphorylated AKT. In contrast, there were elevated levels of inflammatory mediators, including interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, cyclooxygenase-2, and phosphorylated NF-κB, as well as matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) family members including MMP-1, -3, -9, and -13 in tenocytes upon OX-50 treatment. This study is the first to demonstrate the association of CD44 and apoptosis in tendinopathy. Our data imply that CD44 may play a role in tendinopathy via regulating apoptosis, inflammation, and extracellular matrix homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Ting Wu
- Department of Orthopaedics, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Orthopaedics, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Orthopaedics, National Cheng Kung University Hospital Dou-Liou Branch, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Yunlin, Taiwan.,Medical Device Innovation Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Ren Su
- Department of Orthopaedics, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Orthopaedics, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Lung Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Orthopaedics, National Cheng Kung University Hospital Dou-Liou Branch, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Yunlin, Taiwan
| | - Jeng-Long Hsieh
- Department of Nursing, College of Nursing, Chung Hwa University of Medical Technology, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Hou Ma
- Department of Orthopedics, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Liang Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Li-Chieh Kuo
- Medical Device Innovation Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Occupational Therapy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - I-Ming Jou
- Department of Orthopedics, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan .,School of Medicine, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Yao Chen
- Department of Nursing, College of Nursing, Chung Hwa University of Medical Technology, Tainan, Taiwan .,Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
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Longo UG, Petrillo S, Loppini M, Candela V, Rizzello G, Maffulli N, Denaro V. Metallic versus biodegradable suture anchors for rotator cuff repair: a case control study. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2019; 20:477. [PMID: 31653247 PMCID: PMC6815043 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-019-2834-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS Repair of full-thickness rotator cuff (RC) tears is routinely performed using suture anchors, which produce secure and effective soft tissue fixation to bone. The aim of this prospective study is to compare the long-term outcomes of single row arthroscopic rotator cuff repair (RCR) performed using metal or biodegradable suture anchors. The null hypothesis is that there is no difference in shoulder function using metal or biodegradable suture anchors as evaluated by UCLA shoulder score, Wolfgang criteria, and Oxford shoulder score. METHODS Arthroscopic RCR was performed in 110 patients included in this case control study. They were divided into 2 groups of 51 and 59 patients respectively. Metal suture anchors were used in group 1, and biodegradable suture anchors in group 2. Results were obtained at a mean follow up of 4.05 + 2 years. Clinical outcomes and functional outcomes were evaluated. RESULTS The mean modified UCLA shoulder score was 26.9 + 7.1 in group 1, and 27.7 + 6.5 in group 2 (P = 0.5); the mean Wolfgang score was 13.3 + 3.3 in group 1, and 14 + 2.6 in group 2 (P = 0.3); the mean OSS was 23.7 + 11.4 in group 1, and 20.7 + 9.2 points in group 2 (P = 0.1). The mean active anterior elevation was 163.5° + 28.2° in group 1 and 163.6° + 26.9 in group 2 (P = 0.9); the mean active external rotation was 46° + 19.7° in group 1 and 44.6° + 16.3° in group 2 (P = 0.7). The mean strength in anterior elevation was 4.8.02 + 23.52 N in group 1, and 43.12 + 17.64 N in group 2 (P = 0.2); the mean strength in external rotation was 48.02 + 22.54 N in group 1 and 46.06 + 17.64 N in group 2 (P = 0.6); the mean strength in internal rotation was 67.62 + 29.4 N in group 1, and 68.6 + 25.48 N in group 2 (P = 0.9). CONCLUSIONS There are no statistically significant differences at a mean follow-up of 4.05 + 2 years in clinical and functional outcomes of single row arthroscopic RCR using metallic or biodegradable suture anchors for RC < 5 cm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umile Giuseppe Longo
- Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Campus Bio-Medico University, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 200, 00128 Trigoria, Rome, Italy. .,Centro Integrato di Ricerca (CIR) Campus Bio-Medico University, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 21, 00128, Rome, Italy.
| | - Stefano Petrillo
- Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Campus Bio-Medico University, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 200, 00128 Trigoria, Rome, Italy.,Centro Integrato di Ricerca (CIR) Campus Bio-Medico University, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 21, 00128, Rome, Italy
| | - Mattia Loppini
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, 20090 Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy.,Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Via Alessandro Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Candela
- Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Campus Bio-Medico University, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 200, 00128 Trigoria, Rome, Italy.,Centro Integrato di Ricerca (CIR) Campus Bio-Medico University, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 21, 00128, Rome, Italy
| | - Giacomo Rizzello
- Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Campus Bio-Medico University, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 200, 00128 Trigoria, Rome, Italy.,Centro Integrato di Ricerca (CIR) Campus Bio-Medico University, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 21, 00128, Rome, Italy
| | - Nicola Maffulli
- Department of Musculoskeletal Disorders, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy.,Centre for Sports and Exercise Medicine, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Mile End Hospital, 275 Bancroft Road, London, E1 4DG, England
| | - Vincenzo Denaro
- Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Campus Bio-Medico University, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 200, 00128 Trigoria, Rome, Italy.,Centro Integrato di Ricerca (CIR) Campus Bio-Medico University, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 21, 00128, Rome, Italy
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Longo UG, Candela V, Berton A, Salvatore G, Guarnieri A, DeAngelis J, Nazarian A, Denaro V. Genetic basis of rotator cuff injury: a systematic review. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2019; 20:149. [PMID: 31477042 PMCID: PMC6720871 DOI: 10.1186/s12881-019-0883-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Background Rotator cuff disease is a widespread musculoskeletal pathology and a major cause of shoulder pain. Studies on familial predisposition suggest that genetic plays a role in the pathogenesis of rotator cuff disease. Several genes are responsible for rotator cuff disease. The aim of this study was to perform a systematic review on genetic association between rotator cuff disease and genes variations. Methods A systematic review of the literature was performed, in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines. PubMed, Medline, CINAHL, Cochrane, Embase and Google Scholar databases were searched comprehensively using the keywords: “Rotator cuff”, “Gene”, “Genetic”, “Predisposition”, “Single-nucleotide polymorphism” and “Genome-wide association”. Results 8 studies investigating genes variations associated with rotator cuff tears were included in this review. 6 studies were case-control studies on candidate genes and 2 studies were GWASs. A significant association between SNPs and rotator cuff disease was found for DEFB1, FGFR1, FGFR3, ESRRB, FGF10, MMP-1, TNC, FCRL3, SASH1, SAP30BP, rs71404070 located next to cadherin8. Contradictory results were reported for MMP-3. Conclusion Further investigations are warranted to identify complete genetic profiles of rotator cuff disease and to clarify the complex interaction between genes, encoded proteins and environment. This may lead to individualized strategies for prevention and treatment of rotator cuff disease. Level of evidence Level IV, Systematic Review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umile Giuseppe Longo
- Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Campus Bio-Medico University, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 200, Trigoria, 00128, Rome, Italy.
| | - Vincenzo Candela
- Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Campus Bio-Medico University, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 200, Trigoria, 00128, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Berton
- Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Campus Bio-Medico University, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 200, Trigoria, 00128, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Salvatore
- Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Campus Bio-Medico University, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 200, Trigoria, 00128, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Guarnieri
- Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Campus Bio-Medico University, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 200, Trigoria, 00128, Rome, Italy
| | - Joseph DeAngelis
- Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Center for Advanced Orthopaedic Studies, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ara Nazarian
- Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Center for Advanced Orthopaedic Studies, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Vincenzo Denaro
- Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Campus Bio-Medico University, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 200, Trigoria, 00128, Rome, Italy
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Hudek R, von Schacky C, Passow A, Abdelkawi AF, Werner B, Gohlke F. Degenerative rotator cuff tears are associated with a low Omega-3 Index. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2019; 148:35-40. [PMID: 31492432 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2019.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2019] [Revised: 06/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The etiology of degenerative rotator cuff tears is multifactorial but chronic inflammation plays an important role in the pathogenesis. Some polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) can modulate inflammation and marine n-3 (Omega-3) PUFA have anti-inflammatory effects. We hypothesized that the Omega-3 Index is lower in patients with degenerative rotator cuff tears when compared to controls without rotator cuff tendinopathy. METHODS From 684 consecutive patients with full thickness rotator cuff tears 655 were excluded because of possible bias. In the remaining 29 patients (22 m, 7 f; 53,9 y) with degenerative full thickness rotator-cuff tears, erythrocyte fatty acids were analyzed using the HS-Omega-3 Index® methodology. 15 healthy volunteers (10 m, 5 f; 52.5y) served as a control. RESULTS The Omega-3 Index (% EPA + DHA) was 5.01% (95% CI: 3.81-4.66) in patients and 6.01% (95% CI: 4.48-5.72) in controls (p = 0.028) CONCLUSIONS: Patients with full thickness degenerative rotator cuff tears had a significantly lower Omega-3 Index than controls without rotator cuff tendinopathy. Whether a lower Omega-3 Index represents an independent risk factor for degenerative rotator cuff tears should be further investigated, e.g. in a longitudinal study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Hudek
- RHÖN Klinikum AG, Klinik für Schulterchirurgie, Salzburger Leite 1, 97616 Bad Neustadt, Germany.
| | | | - Adrian Passow
- Omegametrix GmbH, Am Klopferspitz 19, 82152 Martinsried, Germany.
| | - Ayman F Abdelkawi
- RHÖN Klinikum AG, Klinik für Schulterchirurgie, Salzburger Leite 1, 97616 Bad Neustadt, Germany
| | - Birgit Werner
- RHÖN Klinikum AG, Klinik für Schulterchirurgie, Salzburger Leite 1, 97616 Bad Neustadt, Germany
| | - Frank Gohlke
- RHÖN Klinikum AG, Klinik für Schulterchirurgie, Salzburger Leite 1, 97616 Bad Neustadt, Germany.
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Longo UG, Facchinetti G, Marchetti A, Candela V, Risi Ambrogioni L, Faldetta A, De Marinis MG, Denaro V. Sleep Disturbance and Rotator Cuff Tears: A Systematic Review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 55:medicina55080453. [PMID: 31398952 PMCID: PMC6723368 DOI: 10.3390/medicina55080453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Sleep disorders are one of the most common complaints of patients with rotator cuff (RC) tears. However, potential correlations between the treatment of RC tears and the causal factors of sleep disorders are still under discussion. The aim of this review is to evaluate quality of sleep in patients before and after surgery for RC tears and to identify which factors affected patients’ sleep. Materials and Methods: A systematic review was conducted. To provide high quality of the review, the included studies were evaluated with the standardized tool “Quality Assessment Tool for Quantitative Studies” developed by the Effective Public Health Practice Project. Results: The search strategy yielded 78 articles. After duplicate removal and titles, abstracts and full-texts review, four studies were included in the systematic review. Concerning shoulder function, the most frequently reported scale was the Simple Shoulder Test (SST). Regarding sleep quality, the most frequently reported score was the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Conclusion: We found that the majority of patients with RC tears had a sleep disturbance, especially before surgery with a general improvement in sleep quality post-operatively. Moreover, sleep quality was correlated with pain and it also seems that factors as comorbidities, obligatory position during night time, preoperative and prolonged postoperative use of narcotics and psychiatric issues may play an important role in sleep quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umile Giuseppe Longo
- Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Campus Bio-Medico University, 00128 Rome, Italy.
| | | | - Anna Marchetti
- Research Unit of Nursing Science, Campus Bio-Medico University, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Candela
- Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Campus Bio-Medico University, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Risi Ambrogioni
- Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Campus Bio-Medico University, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Aurora Faldetta
- Research Unit of Nursing Science, Campus Bio-Medico University, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Vincenzo Denaro
- Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Campus Bio-Medico University, 00128 Rome, Italy
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Conservative Rehabilitation Provides Superior Clinical Results Compared to Early Aggressive Rehabilitation for Rotator Cuff Repair: A Retrospective Comparative Study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 55:medicina55080402. [PMID: 31344884 PMCID: PMC6723961 DOI: 10.3390/medicina55080402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Background and objectives: To compare the long term clinical outcomes, range of motion (ROM) and strength of two different postoperative rehabilitation protocols after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair (RCR) for full-thickness rotator cuff (RC) tears. Materials and Methods: Patients undergoing RCR were divided into two groups. In 51 patients (56 shoulders), rehabilitation was performed without passive external rotation, anterior elevation ROM, and active pendulum exercises in the first 2 weeks after surgery (Group A). In 49 patients (50 shoulders) aggressive rehabilitation was implemented, with early free passive external rotation, anterior elevation ROM, and active pendulum exercises were allowed from the day after surgery (Group A). Results: No statistically significant differences were found in clinical scores, muscle strength, passive forward flexion, passive and active internal/external rotation between the two groups. However, the mean active forward flexion was 167.3° ± 26° (range 90–180°) in group A and 156.5° ± 30.5° (range 90–180°) in group B (p = 0.04). Conclusions: A statistically significant difference between the 2 groups was found in active forward flexion ROM, which was better in patients of group A.
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Steplewski A, Fertala J, Tomlinson R, Hoxha K, Han L, Thakar O, Klein J, Abboud J, Fertala A. The impact of cholesterol deposits on the fibrillar architecture of the Achilles tendon in a rabbit model of hypercholesterolemia. J Orthop Surg Res 2019; 14:172. [PMID: 31182124 PMCID: PMC6558834 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-019-1217-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Increased tendon pain and tendon damage is a significant complication related to hyperlipidemia. Unlike the well-established pathogenesis associated with increased serum concentrations of total cholesterol, triglycerides, and low-density lipoprotein in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, the role of hyperlipidemia in promoting tendon damage remains controversial and requires mechanistic clarity. Methods In this study, we analyzed the consequences of hypercholesterolemia on the integrity of the collagen-based architecture of the Achilles tendon. The Achilles tendons from rabbits fed with normal-cholesterol (nCH) and high-cholesterol (hCH) diets were analyzed. We studied the morphology of tendons, distribution of lipids within their collagen-rich milieu, the relative amounts of fibrillar collagen I and collagen III, and selected biomechanical parameters of the tendons at the macroscale and the nanoscale. Results Histological assays of hCH tendons and tenosynovium demonstrated hypercellular areas with increased numbers of macrophages infiltrating the tendon structure as compared to the nCH tendons. While Oil Red staining revealed lipid-rich deposits in the hCH tendons, hybridization of tendon tissue with the collagen hybridizing peptide (CHP) demonstrated damage to the collagen fibers. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectra showed the presence of distinct peaks consistent with the presence of cholesterol ester. Additionally, the hCH tendons displayed regions of poor collagen content that overlapped with lipid-rich regions. The hCH tendons had a substantial fourfold increase in the collage III to collagen I ratio as compared to the nCH tendons. Tendons from the hCH rabbits showed poor biomechanical characteristics in comparison with control. The biomechanical changes were evident at the macrolevel and the nanolevel of tendon structure. Conclusions Our findings support the hypothesis that hypercholesterolemia coincides with the weakening of the tendons. It is likely that the intimate contact between collagen fibrils and cholesterol deposits contributes to the weakening of the fibrillar structure of the tendons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej Steplewski
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Curtis Building, Room 501, 1015 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Jolanta Fertala
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Curtis Building, Room 501, 1015 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Ryan Tomlinson
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Curtis Building, Room 501, 1015 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Kevth'er Hoxha
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science & Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Lin Han
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science & Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ocean Thakar
- Rothman Institute of Orthopaedics, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jason Klein
- Rothman Institute of Orthopaedics, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Joseph Abboud
- Rothman Institute of Orthopaedics, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Andrzej Fertala
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Curtis Building, Room 501, 1015 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA.
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Correlation Between IL-20 and De Quervain's Disease Severity. Ann Plast Surg 2018; 82:S6-S12. [PMID: 30540601 DOI: 10.1097/sap.0000000000001701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
De Quervain's disease is a stenosing tenosynovitis of the first dorsal compartment of the wrist. Histopathological studies have reported that the thickening of the first dorsal retinaculum is characterized by degeneration rather than inflammation. However, significant infiltration of mast cells and macrophages was noted in a torn tendon study, which suggested that innate immune pathways are part of the mechanism that mediates early tendinopathy. Recently, Interleukin-20 (IL-20) has been reported to provoke potent inflammation and regulate angiogenesis and chemotaxis, which are important for the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases. The main purpose of our study was to investigate the correlation between IL-20 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) and clarify the potential predictor of tendinopathy progression. Hematoxylin and eosin (H & E) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining were used to score and analyze the clinical outcome. TNF-α, IL-20 and related inflammation cytokines were examined. Moreover, the tenocytes were cultured with a stimulator and were used to examine inflammatory cytokine secretions. A real-time polymerase chain reaction (Real-time PCR) was used to detect the gene expression profile. The IHC data showed that TNF-α is up-regulated in grade III de Quervain's. The analysis data showed that IL-20 is positively correlated with TNF-α and disease severity. The real-time PCR showed that the inflammation stimulator enhanced the expression of IL-20 mRNA expression. Inflammation cytokines such as TNF-alpha, transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and IL-1 have been used as predictors of de Quervain's; IL-20 is a new predictor based on this study. In the future, IL-20 expression's involvement in the molecular mechanism of the severity of de Quervain's should be further investigated.
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Jones IA, Togashi R, Hatch GFR, Weber AE, Vangsness CT. Anabolic steroids and tendons: A review of their mechanical, structural, and biologic effects. J Orthop Res 2018; 36:2830-2841. [PMID: 30047601 DOI: 10.1002/jor.24116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
One of the suspected deleterious effects of androgenic-anabolic steroids (AAS) is the increased risk for tendon rupture. However, investigations to date have produced inconsistent results and it is still unclear how AAS influence tendons. A systematic review of the literature was conducted to identify studies that have investigated the mechanical, structural, or biologic effects that AAS have on tendons. In total, 18 highly heterogeneous studies were identified. Small animal studies made up the vast majority of published research, and contradictory results were reported frequently. All of the included studies focused on the potential deleterious effects that AAS have on tendon, which is striking given the recent use of AAS in patients following tendon injury. Rather than providing strong evidence for or against the use of AAS, this review highlights the need for additional research. Future studies investigating the use of AAS as a possible treatment for tendon injury/pathology are supported by reports suggesting that AAS may counteract the irreparable structural/functional changes that occur in the musculotendinous unit following rotator cuff tears, as well as studies suggesting that the purported deleterious effects on tendon may be transient. Other possible areas for future research are discussed in the context of key findings that may have implications for the therapeutic application of AAS. © 2018 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 36:2830-2841, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian A Jones
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of USC, HCT 1520 San Pablo Street, Suite 2000, Los Angeles 90033, California
| | - Ryan Togashi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of USC, HCT 1520 San Pablo Street, Suite 2000, Los Angeles 90033, California
| | - George F Rick Hatch
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of USC, HCT 1520 San Pablo Street, Suite 2000, Los Angeles 90033, California
| | - Alexander E Weber
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of USC, HCT 1520 San Pablo Street, Suite 2000, Los Angeles 90033, California
| | - C Thomas Vangsness
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of USC, HCT 1520 San Pablo Street, Suite 2000, Los Angeles 90033, California
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Longo UG, Ciuffreda M, Locher J, Buchmann S, Maffulli N, Denaro V. The effectiveness of conservative and surgical treatment for shoulder stiffness: a systematic review of current literature. Br Med Bull 2018; 127:111-143. [PMID: 30137234 DOI: 10.1093/bmb/ldy025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Currently, no therapeutic intervention is universally accepted, and the most effective management for restoring motion and diminishing pain in patients with shoulder stiffness has yet to be defined. This systematic review analyses outcomes of conservative and surgical interventions to treat shoulder stiffness. SOURCE OF DATA A systematic review of literature according to the PRISMA guidelines was performed. A comprehensive search of PubMed, Medline, CINAHL, Cochrane, Embase, Ovid and Google Scholar databases using various combinations of the keywords 'shoulder', 'shoulder stiffness', 'stiff shoulder', 'conservative', since inception of databases to June 2018 was performed. AREAS OF AGREEMENT Shoulder stiffness could be treated with conservative means including nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medications, corticosteroid injections, or transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation, manipulation under anaesthesia, and arthroscopic capsular release. AREAS OF CONTROVERSY No therapeutic intervention is universally accepted, and the most effective management to restore motion and diminish pain in patients with shoulder stiffness has yet to be defined. GROWING POINTS The rate of failure after treatment for stiff shoulder is higher in the surgical group than in the conservative group. AREAS TIMELY FOR DEVELOPING RESEARCH There is insufficient evidence to establish whether surgical or conservative management is the best choice to manage shoulder stiffness. Prospective, randomized studies are needed to establish whether surgical or conservative management produce a clinically relevant difference in functional outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umile Giuseppe Longo
- Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Campus Bio-Medico University, Via Alvaro del Portillo, Trigoria, Rome, Italy
| | - Mauro Ciuffreda
- Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Campus Bio-Medico University, Via Alvaro del Portillo, Trigoria, Rome, Italy
| | - Joel Locher
- Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Campus Bio-Medico University, Via Alvaro del Portillo, Trigoria, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefan Buchmann
- Department of Orthopaedic Sports Medicine, Klinikumrechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Ismaningerstr. 22, Munich, Germany
| | - Nicola Maffulli
- Department of Musculoskeletal Disorders, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy Centre for Sports and Exercise Medicine, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Mile End Hospital, London
| | - Vincenzo Denaro
- Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Campus Bio-Medico University, Via Alvaro del Portillo, Trigoria, Rome, Italy
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Longo UG, Corbett S, Ahrens PM. Missed fractures of the greater tuberosity. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2018; 19:313. [PMID: 30170571 PMCID: PMC6119252 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-018-2225-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Fractures of the greater tuberosity may result from a variety of mechanisms. Missed injury remains a persistent problem, both from a clinical and medico-legal point-of-view. Few studies on this topic are available in the literature. We present the clinical and radiological findings of a consecutive series of 17 patients who were diagnosed and managed with undisplaced greater tuberosity fractures. Methods A retrospective study of a consecutive series of 17 patients who sustained an occult greater tuberosity fracture were performed. Patients sustained a traumatic occult greater tuberosity fracture, underwent shoulder radiographs after trauma in 5 days and they were diagnosed as negative by a consultant radiologist. All patients received a standard assessment using MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) scans Each patient was evaluated for arm dominance, trauma history, duration and type of symptoms and post-treatment Oxford Shoulder Score. Results At the final follow up the mean OSS (Oxford Shoulder Score) was 38.3 (range 17–46; SD 9.11). Three patients required a glenohumeral joint injection for post-traumatic pain and stiffness and three patients required subacromial decompression for post-traumatic impingement. Conclusions Though undisplaced greater tuberosity fracture can be managed non-operatively with good results, patients with persistent post-traumatic shoulder pain, tenderness and limitation of shoulder function warrant investigation with MRI to identify occult fractures. Prompt identification of these fractures can facilitate patient treatment and counselling, avoiding a source of patient dissatisfaction and litigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umile Giuseppe Longo
- Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Campus Bio-Medico University, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 200, 00128, Rome, Italy. .,Shoulder Unit, Hospital of St John and St Elizabeth, 60 Grove End Road, London, UK.
| | - Steven Corbett
- Shoulder Unit, Hospital of St John and St Elizabeth, 60 Grove End Road, London, UK
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Liu Q, Hatta T, Qi J, Liu H, Thoreson AR, Amadio PC, Moran SL, Steinmann SP, Gingery A, Zhao C. Novel engineered tendon-fibrocartilage-bone composite with cyclic tension for rotator cuff repair. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2018; 12:1690-1701. [DOI: 10.1002/term.2696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Liu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery; Mayo Clinic; Rochester MN USA
- The Second Xiangya Hospital; Central South University; Changsha P.R. China
| | - Taku Hatta
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery; Mayo Clinic; Rochester MN USA
| | - Jun Qi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery; Mayo Clinic; Rochester MN USA
| | - Haoyu Liu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery; Mayo Clinic; Rochester MN USA
| | | | - Peter C. Amadio
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery; Mayo Clinic; Rochester MN USA
| | - Steven L. Moran
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery; Mayo Clinic; Rochester MN USA
| | | | - Anne Gingery
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery; Mayo Clinic; Rochester MN USA
| | - Chunfeng Zhao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery; Mayo Clinic; Rochester MN USA
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Shih CA, Wu KC, Shao CJ, Chern TC, Su WR, Wu PT, Jou IM. Synovial fluid biomarkers: association with chronic rotator cuff tear severity and pain. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 2018; 27:545-552. [PMID: 29169956 DOI: 10.1016/j.jse.2017.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Revised: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We tested the hypothesis that biomarkers in the synovial fluid of the glenohumeral (shoulder) joint are correlated with visual analog scale (VAS) scores, functional scores, and ultrasound findings of chronic rotator cuff tear (RCT) severity. METHODS We measured biomarkers in shoulder joint synovial fluid of 42 patients with partial-thickness (21), nonmassive full-thickness (10), and massive full-thickness (11) RCTs. Pain duration, tear severity, and VAS and functional scores were compared with interleukin (IL) 1β, IL-6, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) 1, and MMP-13 levels. RESULTS Both MMP-1 and MMP-13 levels were significantly highest in the massive full-thickness group. MMP-13 levels were significantly different between groups, but proinflammatory cytokine IL-1β and IL-6 levels were not. However, IL-1β levels were significantly positively correlated with VAS (r = 0.66; P <.01) and functional scores (r = 0.61; P <.01), but IL-6, MMP-1, and MMP-13 levels were not. CONCLUSIONS IL-1β levels in shoulder synovial fluid correlated positively with shoulder pain and functional scores in patients with chronic RCTs. Both MMP-1 and MMP-13 levels were altered and increased with cuff tear severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-An Shih
- Department of Orthopedics, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Chen Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, Kuo's General Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
| | | | | | - Wei-Ren Su
- Department of Orthopedics, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Orthopedics, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Medical Device Innovation Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Medical Device R & D Core Laboratory, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Po-Ting Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Orthopedics, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Medical Device Innovation Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Medical Device R & D Core Laboratory, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
| | - I-Ming Jou
- Medical Device Innovation Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Orthopedics, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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High-Accuracy Positioning in Urban Environments Using Single-Frequency Multi-GNSS RTK/MEMS-IMU Integration. REMOTE SENSING 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/rs10020205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Different Achilles Tendon Pathologies Show Distinct Histological and Molecular Characteristics. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19020404. [PMID: 29385715 PMCID: PMC5855626 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19020404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Reasons for the development of chronic tendon pathologies are still under debate and more basic knowledge is needed about the different diseases. The aim of the present study was therefore to characterize different acute and chronic Achilles tendon disorders. Achilles tendon samples from patients with chronic tendinopathy (n = 7), chronic ruptures (n = 6), acute ruptures (n = 13), and intact tendons (n = 4) were analyzed. The histological score investigating pathological changes was significantly increased in tendinopathy and chronic ruptures compared to acute ruptures. Inflammatory infiltration was detected by immunohistochemistry in all tendon pathology groups, but was significantly lower in tendinopathy compared to chronic ruptures. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis revealed significantly altered expression of genes related to collagens and matrix modeling/remodeling (matrix metalloproteinases, tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases) in tendinopathy and chronic ruptures compared to intact tendons and/or acute ruptures. In all three tendon pathology groups markers of inflammation (interleukin (IL) 1β, tumor necrosis factor α, IL6, IL10, IL33, soluble ST2, transforming growth factor β1, cyclooxygenase 2), inflammatory cells (cluster of differentaition (CD) 3, CD68, CD80, CD206), fat metabolism (fatty acid binding protein 4, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ, CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein α, adiponectin), and innervation (protein gene product 9.5, growth associated protein 43, macrophage migration inhibitory factor) were detectable, but only in acute ruptures significantly regulated compared to intact tendons. The study gives an insight into structural and molecular changes of pathological processes in tendons and might be used to identify targets for future therapy of tendon pathologies.
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Snedeker JG, Foolen J. Tendon injury and repair - A perspective on the basic mechanisms of tendon disease and future clinical therapy. Acta Biomater 2017; 63:18-36. [PMID: 28867648 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2017.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Revised: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Tendon is an intricately organized connective tissue that efficiently transfers muscle force to the bony skeleton. Its structure, function, and physiology reflect the extreme, repetitive mechanical stresses that tendon tissues bear. These mechanical demands also lie beneath high clinical rates of tendon disorders, and present daunting challenges for clinical treatment of these ailments. This article aims to provide perspective on the most urgent frontiers of tendon research and therapeutic development. We start by broadly introducing essential elements of current understanding about tendon structure, function, physiology, damage, and repair. We then introduce and describe a novel paradigm explaining tendon disease progression from initial accumulation of damage in the tendon core to eventual vascular recruitment from the surrounding synovial tissues. We conclude with a perspective on the important role that biomaterials will play in translating research discoveries to the patient. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Tendon and ligament problems represent the most frequent musculoskeletal complaints for which patients seek medical attention. Current therapeutic options for addressing tendon disorders are often ineffective, and the need for improved understanding of tendon physiology is urgent. This perspective article summarizes essential elements of our current knowledge on tendon structure, function, physiology, damage, and repair. It also describes a novel framework to understand tendon physiology and pathophysiology that may be useful in pushing the field forward.
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Minkwitz S, Schmock A, Kurtoglu A, Tsitsilonis S, Manegold S, Wildemann B, Klatte-Schulz F. Time-Dependent Alterations of MMPs, TIMPs and Tendon Structure in Human Achilles Tendons after Acute Rupture. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18102199. [PMID: 29053586 PMCID: PMC5666880 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18102199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Revised: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
A balance between matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their inhibitors (TIMPs) is required to maintain tendon homeostasis. Variation in this balance over time might impact on the success of tendon healing. This study aimed to analyze structural changes and the expression profile of MMPs and TIMPs in human Achilles tendons at different time-points after rupture. Biopsies from 37 patients with acute Achilles tendon rupture were taken at surgery and grouped according to time after rupture: early (2–4 days), middle (5–6 days), and late (≥7 days), and intact Achilles tendons served as control. The histological score increased from the early to the late time-point after rupture, indicating the progression towards a more degenerative status. In comparison to intact tendons, qRT-PCR analysis revealed a significantly increased expression of MMP-1, -2, -13, TIMP-1, COL1A1, and COL3A1 in ruptured tendons, whereas TIMP-3 decreased. Comparing the changes over time post rupture, the expression of MMP-9, -13, and COL1A1 significantly increased, whereas MMP-3 and -10 expression decreased. TIMP expression was not significantly altered over time. MMP staining by immunohistochemistry was positive in the ruptured tendons exemplarily analyzed from early and late time-points. The study demonstrates a pivotal contribution of all investigated MMPs and TIMP-1, but a minor role of TIMP-2, -3, and -4, in the early human tendon healing process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susann Minkwitz
- Julius Wolff Institute, Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 13353 Berlin, Germany.
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 13353 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Aysha Schmock
- Julius Wolff Institute, Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 13353 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Alper Kurtoglu
- Julius Wolff Institute, Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 13353 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Serafeim Tsitsilonis
- Julius Wolff Institute, Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 13353 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Sebastian Manegold
- Julius Wolff Institute, Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 13353 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Britt Wildemann
- Julius Wolff Institute, Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 13353 Berlin, Germany.
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 13353 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Franka Klatte-Schulz
- Julius Wolff Institute, Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 13353 Berlin, Germany.
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 13353 Berlin, Germany.
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Nguyen QT, Norelli JB, Graver A, Ekstein C, Schwartz J, Chowdhury F, Drakos MC, Grande DA, Chahine NO. Therapeutic Effects of Doxycycline on the Quality of Repaired and Unrepaired Achilles Tendons. Am J Sports Med 2017; 45:2872-2881. [PMID: 28759732 DOI: 10.1177/0363546517716637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Achilles tendon tears are devastating injuries, especially to athletes. Elevated matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity after a tendon injury has been associated with deterioration of the collagen network and can be inhibited with doxycycline (Doxy). HYPOTHESIS Daily oral administration of Doxy will enhance the histological, molecular, and biomechanical quality of transected Achilles tendons. Additionally, suture repair will further enhance the quality of repaired tendons. STUDY DESIGN Controlled laboratory study. METHODS Randomized unilateral Achilles tendon transection was performed in 288 adult male Sprague-Dawley rats. The injured tendons were either unrepaired (groups 1 and 2) or surgically repaired (groups 3 and 4). Animals from groups 2 and 4 received Doxy daily through oral gavage, and animals from groups 1 and 3 served as controls (no Doxy). Tendons were harvested at 1.5, 3, 6, and 9 weeks after the injury (n = 18 per group and time point). The quality of tendon repair was evaluated based on the histological grading score, collagen fiber orientation, gene expression, and biomechanical properties. RESULTS In surgically repaired samples, Doxy enhanced the quality of tendon repair compared with no Doxy ( P = .0014). Doxy had a significant effect on collagen fiber dispersion, but not principal fiber angle. There was a significant effect of time on the gene expression of MMP-3, MMP-9 and TIMP1, and Doxy significantly decreased MMP-3 expression at 9 weeks. Doxy treatment with surgical repair increased the dynamic modulus at 6 weeks but not at 9 weeks after the injury ( P < .001). Doxy also increased the equilibrium modulus and decreased creep strain irrespective of the repair group. Doxy did not have a significant effect on the histology or biomechanics of unrepaired tendons. CONCLUSION The findings indicate that daily oral administration of Doxy accelerated matrix remodeling and the dynamic and equilibrium biomechanics of surgically repaired Achilles tendons, although such enhancements were most evident at the 3- to 6-week time points. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The inhibition of MMPs at the optimal stage of the repair process may accelerate Achilles tendon repair and improve biomechanical properties, especially when paired with surgical management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quynhhoa T Nguyen
- Bioengineering-Biomechanics Laboratory, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, New York, USA
| | - Jolanta B Norelli
- Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, New York, USA.,Hofstra Northwell School of Medicine, Hofstra University, Hempstead, New York, USA
| | - Adam Graver
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Long Island Jewish Medical Center, New Hyde Park, New York, USA
| | - Charles Ekstein
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Long Island Jewish Medical Center, New Hyde Park, New York, USA
| | - Johnathan Schwartz
- Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, New York, USA
| | - Farzana Chowdhury
- Bioengineering-Biomechanics Laboratory, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, New York, USA
| | - Mark C Drakos
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Long Island Jewish Medical Center, New Hyde Park, New York, USA.,Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA
| | - Daniel A Grande
- Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, New York, USA.,Hofstra Northwell School of Medicine, Hofstra University, Hempstead, New York, USA.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Long Island Jewish Medical Center, New Hyde Park, New York, USA
| | - Nadeen O Chahine
- Bioengineering-Biomechanics Laboratory, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, New York, USA.,Hofstra Northwell School of Medicine, Hofstra University, Hempstead, New York, USA
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Assunção JH, Godoy-Santos AL, dos Santos MCLG, Malavolta EA, Gracitelli MEC, Ferreira Neto AA. Matrix Metalloproteases 1 and 3 Promoter Gene Polymorphism Is Associated With Rotator Cuff Tear. Clin Orthop Relat Res 2017; 475:1904-1910. [PMID: 28160256 PMCID: PMC5449328 DOI: 10.1007/s11999-017-5271-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies suggest that the collagen degeneration and disordered arrangement of collagen fibers in rotator cuff tears are associated with an increase in activity of matrix metalloproteases 1 and 3 (MMP-1 and MMP-3), and that MMP activity may be in part genetically mediated. The degree to which this might be clinically relevant in patients with rotator cuff tears has not been well characterized. QUESTIONS/PURPOSES (1) Is genetic polymorphism of MMP-1 and MMP-3 associated with rotator cuff tears? (2) Are there haplotypes of MMP-1 and MMP-3 correlated with rotator cuff tears? (3) Compared with control subjects, do patients with rotator cuff tears have a higher proportion of relatives with the same disease? METHODS We evaluated 64 patients with full-thickness rotator cuff tears and 64 asymptomatic control subjects. Patients younger 65 years, with nontraumatic tears, were included. The tear or integrity of the rotator cuff tear was evaluated by MRI or ultrasonography in all individuals. The patients and control subjects were paired by age. MMP-1 and MMP-3 genotypes were determined using the PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism assays. RESULTS Genetic polymorphisms in MMP-1 and MMP-3 are associated with rotator cuff tear, in which individuals with rotator cuff tears have associated genotypes 1G/2G (patients, 32 of 64 [50%], control subjects, 16 of 64 [25%]; odds ratio [OR], 4.8; 95% CI, 2.1-11.0; p < 0.001) and 2G/2G were at great risk (patients, 15 of 64 [23%], control subjects, seven of 64 [11%]; OR, 5.2; 95% CI,1.8-14.9; p < 0.001), and patients with rotator cuff tears were associated with a higher proportion of 2G allele distribution (62 of 128 [48%] versus 30 of 128 [23%]; p < 0.001). Patients with the 5A/5A genotype are at greater risk of rotator cuff tear (patients, 15 of 64 [23%]; control subjects, four of 64 [6%]; OR, 5.5; 95% CI, 1.4-20.9; p = 0.021), and there was higher 5A allele distribution in patients with rotator cuff tears (patients, 68 of 128 [53%]; control subjects, 52 of 128 [41%]; p = 0.045). Individuals with the haplotype 2G/5A were more likely to have rotator cuff tears develop (patients, 42 of 64 [66%]; control subjects, 17 of 64 [27%]; OR, 5.3; 95% CI, 2.5-11.3; p < 0.001). Patients with rotator cuff tears reported, in higher number, the existence of relatives who previously had treatment for rotator cuff tears (19 of 64 [30%] versus four of 64 [6%]; OR, 6.3; 95% CI, 2.0-19.9; p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The genetic polymorphism of MMP-1 and MMP-3 is associated with rotator cuff tear. Individuals with haplotype 2G/5A were more susceptible to rotator cuff tears in the population studied. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Knowledge of the genetic markers related to rotator cuff tears can enable identification of susceptible individuals and increase understanding of the pathogenesis of tendon degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge H. Assunção
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Rua Dr. Ovídio Pires de Campos 333, 3rd Floor, Cerqueira Cesar, São Paulo, SP 05403-010 Brazil
| | - Alexandre L. Godoy-Santos
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Rua Dr. Ovídio Pires de Campos 333, 3rd Floor, Cerqueira Cesar, São Paulo, SP 05403-010 Brazil
| | | | - Eduardo A. Malavolta
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Rua Dr. Ovídio Pires de Campos 333, 3rd Floor, Cerqueira Cesar, São Paulo, SP 05403-010 Brazil
| | - Mauro E. C. Gracitelli
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Rua Dr. Ovídio Pires de Campos 333, 3rd Floor, Cerqueira Cesar, São Paulo, SP 05403-010 Brazil
| | - Arnaldo A. Ferreira Neto
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Rua Dr. Ovídio Pires de Campos 333, 3rd Floor, Cerqueira Cesar, São Paulo, SP 05403-010 Brazil
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