1
|
Abstract
LIM domain protein 2, also known as LIM protein FHL2, is a member of the LIM-only family. Due to its LIM domain protein characteristics, FHL2 is capable of interacting with various proteins and plays a crucial role in regulating gene expression, cell growth, and signal transduction in muscle and cardiac tissue. In recent years, mounting evidence has indicated that the FHLs protein family is closely associated with the development and occurrence of human tumors. On the one hand, FHL2 acts as a tumor suppressor by down-regulating in tumor tissue and effectively inhibiting tumor development by limiting cell proliferation. On the other hand, FHL2 serves as an oncoprotein by up-regulating in tumor tissue and binding to multiple transcription factors to suppress cell apoptosis, stimulate cell proliferation and migration, and promote tumor progression. Therefore, FHL2 is considered a double-edged sword in tumors with independent and complex functions. This article reviews the role of FHL2 in tumor occurrence and development, discusses FHL2 interaction with other proteins and transcription factors, and its involvement in multiple cell signaling pathways. Finally, the clinical significance of FHL2 as a potential target in tumor therapy is examined.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Changsheng West Road 28, Hengyang, 421001, China
| | - Qun Zeng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Changsheng West Road 28, Hengyang, 421001, China
| | - Meihua She
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Changsheng West Road 28, Hengyang, 421001, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Algaber A, Madhi R, Hawez A, Rönnow CF, Rahman M. Targeting FHL2-E-cadherin axis by miR-340-5p attenuates colon cancer cell migration and invasion. Oncol Lett 2021; 22:637. [PMID: 34295384 PMCID: PMC8273858 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.12898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Convincing data has suggested that four and a half LIM domain 2 protein (FHL2) serves a key function in cancer cell metastasis and that microRNA (miR)-340-5p can regulate cancer cell migration. The current study hypothesized that targeting FHL2 expression by miR-340-5p in colon cancer may attenuate colon cancer cell migration and invasion. FHL2 expression was therefore assessed in colon cancer microarray datasets using Qlucore omics explorer as well as in HT-29 and AZ-97 colon cancer cell lines via reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). Colon cancer cell migration and invasion were evaluated in the presence of miR-340-5p mimic, mimic control or mimic with a target site blocker. Confocal microscopy and RT-qPCR were subsequently performed to assess FHL2, E-cadherin (E-cad) protein and mRNA expression in colon cancer cells. Microarray dataset analysis revealed that FHL2 expression was lower in primary colon cancer cells compared with normal colonic mucosa. It was revealed that the expression of miR-340-5p and FHL2 were inversely related in serum-grown and low-serum conditions in HT-29 and AZ-97 cells. Short-time serum exposure to low-serum grown cells induced FHL2 expression. Transfection of HT-29 cells with miR-340-5p mimic not only decreased serum-induced expression of FHL2 but also decreased cancer cell migration and invasion. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that FHL2 mRNA had one putative binding site for miR-340-5p at the 3-untranslated region. Blocking of the target site using a specific blocker reverted miR-340-5p mimic-induced inhibition of FHL2 expression and cancer cell migration and invasion. Confocal microscopy confirmed that the reduction of FHL2 expression by miR-340-5p mimic also reversed serum-induced E-cad disruption and that the target site blocker abrogated the effect of miR-340-5p. The current results suggested that miR-340-5p could be used to antagonize colon cancer cell metastasis by targeting the FHL2-E-cad axis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anwar Algaber
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Malmö, Section for Surgery, Lund University, 214 28 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Raed Madhi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Malmö, Section for Surgery, Lund University, 214 28 Malmö, Sweden.,Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Misan, Maysan 62001, Iraq
| | - Avin Hawez
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Malmö, Section for Surgery, Lund University, 214 28 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Carl-Fredrik Rönnow
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Malmö, Section for Surgery, Lund University, 214 28 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Milladur Rahman
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Malmö, Section for Surgery, Lund University, 214 28 Malmö, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Chen CY, Tsai HY, Tsai SH, Chu PH, Huang PH, Chen JW, Lin SJ. Deletion of the FHL2 gene attenuates intima-media thickening in a partially ligated carotid artery ligated mouse model. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 24:160-173. [PMID: 31714683 PMCID: PMC6933399 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The four and a half LIM domain protein 2 (FHL2) is a member of the four and a half LIM domain (FHL) gene family, and it is associated with cholesterol‐enriched diet‐promoted atherosclerosis. However, the effect of FHL2 protein on vascular remodelling in response to hemodynamic alterations remains unclear. Here, we investigated the role of FHL2 in a model of restricted blood flow‐induced atherosclerosis. To promote neointimal hyperplasia in vivo, we subjected FHL2+/+ and FHL2−/− mice to partial ligation of the left carotid artery (LCA). The expression of p‐ERK and p‐AKT was decreased in FHL2−/− mice. FHL2 bound to AKT regulated AKT phosphorylation and led to Rac1‐GTP inactivation. FHL2 silencing in human aortic smooth muscle cells down‐regulated the PDGF‐induced phosphorylation of ERK and AKT. Furthermore, FHL2 silencing reduced cytoskeleton conformational changes and caused cell cycle arrest. We concluded that FHL2 is essential for the regulation of arterial smooth muscle cell function. FHL2 modulates proliferation and migration via mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) and PI3K‐AKT signalling, leading to arterial wall thickening and thus neointimal hyperplasia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Yu Chen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Ya Tsai
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Hung Tsai
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pao-Hsien Chu
- First Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Po-Hsun Huang
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Cardiology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Critical Care Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Cardiovascular Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jaw-Wen Chen
- Division of Cardiology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Cardiovascular Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute and Department of Pharmacology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shing-Jong Lin
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Cardiology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Cardiovascular Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Healthcare and Management Center, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Taipei Heart Institute, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
FHL2 mediates podocyte Rac1 activation and foot process effacement in hypertensive nephropathy. Sci Rep 2019; 9:6693. [PMID: 31040292 PMCID: PMC6491468 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-42328-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
RAAS inhibition has been the standard treatment for CKD for years because it can reduce proteinuria and hence retard renal function decline, but the proteinuria reduction effect is still insufficient in many patients. Podocyte foot process and slit diaphragm are the final barrier to prevent serum proteins leak into urine, and podocyte foot process effacement is the common pathway of all proteinruic diseases. Cell structure are regulated by three evolutionarily conserved Rho GTPases, notably, Rac1 activation is sufficient and necessary for podocyte foot process effacement, however, Rac1 inhibition is not an option for kidney disease treatment because of its systemic side effects. Four-and-a-half LIM domains protein 2 (FHL2) is highly expressed in podocytes and has been implicated in regulating diverse biological functions. Here, we used micro-dissected human kidney samples, in vitro podocyte culture experiments, and a hypertension animal model to determine the possible role of FHL2 in hypertensive nephropathy. FHL2 was abundantly upregulated in hypertensive human glomeruli and animal kidney samples. Genetic deletion of the FHL2 did not alter normal renal structure or function but mitigated hypertension-induced podocyte foot process effacement and albuminuria. Mechanistically, angiotensin II-induced podocyte cytoskeleton reorganization via FAK-Rac1 axis, FHL2 binds with FAK and is an important mediator of Ang II induced Rac1 activation, thus, FHL2 inhibition can selectively block FAK-Rac1 axis in podocyte and prevent proteinuria. These results provide important insights into the mechanisms of podocyte foot process effacement and points out a promising strategy to treat kidney disease.
Collapse
|
5
|
Cheng Z, Dai Y, Pang Y, Jiao Y, Zhao H, Zhang Z, Qin T, Hu N, Zhang Y, Ke X, Chen Y, Wu D, Shi J, Fu L. Enhanced expressions of FHL2 and iASPP predict poor prognosis in acute myeloid leukemia. Cancer Gene Ther 2019; 26:17-25. [PMID: 29910468 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-018-0027-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2018] [Revised: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
iASPP is a negative regulator of the apoptotic function of p53, and it can enhance the ability of hematopoietic stem cells to self-renew and resist chemo- and radiation therapy. Recent study showed that iASPP could impact the proliferation and apoptosis of leukemia cells by interacting with FHL2. However, whether they have prognostic significance in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is unknown. Eighty-four AML patients with FHL2 and iASPP expression data from The Cancer Genome Atlas database were enrolled in the study. Patients with high expressions of FHL2 and iASPP had significantly shorter event-free survival (EFS) and overall survival (OS) than patients with low expressions (P = 0.005, P = 0.003, respectively). Univariate analysis indicated that high expressions of FHL2 or iASPP were unfavorable for EFS and OS (all P < 0.05), while multivariate analysis confirmed that high FHL2 expression was an independent risk factor for EFS and OS (all P < 0.05). In patients who underwent allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT), however, EFS and OS were not significantly different between FHL2 or iASPP high- and low-expression groups. Our results suggested that high expressions of FHL2 and iASPP were poor prognostic factors for AML, but the prognostic effect might be overcome by allo-HSCT.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Disease-Free Survival
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
- Humans
- Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/genetics
- LIM-Homeodomain Proteins/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/diagnosis
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/metabolism
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/therapy
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Muscle Proteins/genetics
- Prognosis
- Repressor Proteins/genetics
- Transcription Factors/genetics
- Young Adult
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiheng Cheng
- Translational Medicine Center, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, 475000, China
- Department of Hematology and Lymphoma Research Center, Peking University, Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
- Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, China
| | - Yifeng Dai
- Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, China
- Immunoendocrinology, Division of Medical Biology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Yifan Pang
- Department of Medicine, William Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, MI, 48073, USA
| | - Yang Jiao
- Life Sciences Institute and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Hongmian Zhao
- Department of Hematology, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, 475000, China
| | - Zhihui Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, Peking University, Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Tong Qin
- Department of Hematology, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, 475000, China
| | - Ning Hu
- Department of Hematology, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, 475000, China
| | - Yijie Zhang
- Department of Respiratory, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, 475000, China
| | - Xiaoyan Ke
- Department of Hematology and Lymphoma Research Center, Peking University, Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yang Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Bioinformatics Division and Center for Synthetic & Systems Biology, TNLIST, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Depei Wu
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China.
| | - Jinlong Shi
- Translational Medicine Center, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, 475000, China.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China.
- Department of Medical Big Data, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China.
| | - Lin Fu
- Department of Hematology and Lymphoma Research Center, Peking University, Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China.
- Department of Hematology, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, 475000, China.
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Jin X, Jiao X, Jiao J, Zhang T, Cui B. Increased expression of FHL2 promotes tumorigenesis in cervical cancer and is correlated with poor prognosis. Gene 2018; 669:99-106. [PMID: 29800735 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.05.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2018] [Revised: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Increasing evidence demonstrates that the four and a half LIM domain (FHL) gene and its protein products have different functions in the progression of various malignancies. However, the role of FHL protein 2 (FHL2) in cervical cancer (CC) has not been fully elucidated. In this study, we investigated the prognostic value of FHL2 expression in human CC tissues and the potential molecular mechanisms through which FHL2 modulates CC cell proliferation and apoptosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS We measured FHL2 expression in CC cell lines and tissues by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot assays. The effects of FHL2 knockdown on cell proliferation and apoptosis in two CC cell lines were examined using RNA interference, cell counting kit-8, Western blot and flow cytometry assays. Furthermore, we assessed phosphorylated protein kinase B (p-AKT) and phosphorylated mammalian target of rapamycin (p-mTOR) expression in two CC cell lines to determine whether the AKT/mTOR pathway is involved in the effects of FHL2 silencing on cell proliferation and apoptosis. Nude mice tumorigenicity experiments were also performed to evaluate the effects of FHL2 on HeLa cell growth in vivo. RESULTS We found that FHL2 was significantly upregulated in CC cell lines and tissues. According to survival curves, high FHL2 expression levels in patients were correlated with poor prognosis. Moreover, by decreasing p-AKT and p-mTOR protein levels, silencing FHL2 significantly inhibited cell proliferation and induced apoptosis. FHL2 knockdown also induced apoptosis by increasing the Bax-to-Bcl2 ratio. By contrast, FHL2 overexpression significantly promoted cell proliferation. Finally, decreased tumour growth in an in vivo animal model also demonstrated the tumour-suppressing effects of FHL2 knockdown. CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that FHL2 is an important prognostic factor in CC and that it plays a crucial oncoprotein role by promoting cell proliferation and inhibiting apoptosis in CC, possibly by targeting the AKT/mTOR pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuejing Jin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hangzhou Women's Hospital & Hangzhou Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Xinlin Jiao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Jun Jiao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Teng Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Baoxia Cui
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Lu W, Yu T, Liu S, Li S, Li S, Liu J, Xu Y, Xing H, Tian Z, Tang K, Rao Q, Wang J, Wang M. FHL2 interacts with iASPP and impacts the biological functions of leukemia cells. Oncotarget 2018; 8:40885-40895. [PMID: 28402264 PMCID: PMC5522200 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
iASPP is an inhibitory member of apoptosis-stimulating proteins of p53 (ASPP) family, which inhibits p53-dependent apoptosis. iASPP was highly expressed in acute leukemia, inhibited leukemia cells apoptosis and promoted leukemogenesis. In order to clarify its mechanism, a yeast two-hybrid screen was performed and FHL2 was identified for the first time as one of the binding proteins of iASPP. FHL2 was highly expressed in K562 and Kasumi-1 cells. FHL2 and iASPP interacted with each other and co-localized in both nucleus and cytoplasm. Either FHL2 or iASPP silenced could reduce cell proliferation, induce cell cycle arrest at G0/G1 phase, and increase cell apoptosis. Western blot analysis showed that the level of p21 and p27 increased, CDK4, E2F1, Cyclin E and anti-apoptotic proteins Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL reduced. Interestingly, when FHL2 was knocked down, the protein expression level of iASPP also decreased. Similarly, the expression of FHL2 would reduce when iASPP was silenced. These results indicated that FHL2 might be a novel potential target for acute myelocytic leukemia treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenting Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Tengteng Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Shuang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Saisai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Shouyun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Jia Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Yingxi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Haiyan Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Zheng Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Kejing Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Qing Rao
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Jianxiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Min Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Das CK, Linder B, Bonn F, Rothweiler F, Dikic I, Michaelis M, Cinatl J, Mandal M, Kögel D. BAG3 Overexpression and Cytoprotective Autophagy Mediate Apoptosis Resistance in Chemoresistant Breast Cancer Cells. Neoplasia 2018; 20:263-279. [PMID: 29462756 PMCID: PMC5852393 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2018.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Revised: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Target-specific treatment modalities are currently not available for triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), and acquired chemotherapy resistance is a primary obstacle for the treatment of these tumors. Here we employed derivatives of BT-549 and MDA-MB-468 TNBC cell lines that were adapted to grow in the presence of either 5-Fluorouracil, Doxorubicin or Docetaxel in an aim to identify molecular pathways involved in the adaptation to drug-induced cell killing. All six drug-adapted BT-549 and MDA-MB-468 cell lines displayed cross resistance to chemotherapy and decreased apoptosis sensitivity. Expression of the anti-apoptotic co-chaperone BAG3 was notably enhanced in two thirds (4/6) of the six resistant lines simultaneously with higher expression of HSP70 in comparison to parental controls. Doxorubicin-resistant BT-549 (BT-549rDOX20) and 5-Fluorouracil-resistant MDA-MB-468 (MDA-MB-468r5-FU2000) cells were chosen for further analysis with the autophagy inhibitor Bafilomycin A1 and lentiviral depletion of ATG5, indicating that enhanced cytoprotective autophagy partially contributes to increased drug resistance and cell survival. Stable lentiviral BAG3 depletion was associated with a robust down-regulation of Mcl-1, Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL, restoration of drug-induced apoptosis and reduced cell adhesion in these cells, and these death-sensitizing effects could be mimicked with the BAG3/Hsp70 interaction inhibitor YM-1 and by KRIBB11, a selective transcriptional inhibitor of HSF-1. Furthermore, BAG3 depletion was able to revert the EMT-like transcriptional changes observed in BT-549rDOX20 and MDA-MB-468r5-FU2000 cells. In summary, genetic and pharmacological interference with BAG3 is capable to resensitize TNBC cells to treatment, underscoring its relevance for cell death resistance and as a target to overcome therapy resistance of breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chandan Kanta Das
- Experimental Neurosurgery, Neuroscience Center, Goethe University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal, India
| | - Benedikt Linder
- Experimental Neurosurgery, Neuroscience Center, Goethe University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Florian Bonn
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Goethe University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Florian Rothweiler
- Institute for Medical Virology, Goethe University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Ivan Dikic
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Goethe University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Martin Michaelis
- Institute for Medical Virology, Goethe University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; School of Biosciences, The University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent, UK
| | - Jindrich Cinatl
- Institute for Medical Virology, Goethe University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Mahitosh Mandal
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal, India
| | - Donat Kögel
- Experimental Neurosurgery, Neuroscience Center, Goethe University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Sun L, Yu S, Xu H, Zheng Y, Lin J, Wu M, Wang J, Wang A, Lan Q, Furnari F, Cavenee W, Purow B, Li M. FHL2 interacts with EGFR to promote glioblastoma growth. Oncogene 2018; 37:1386-1398. [PMID: 29321665 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-017-0068-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Revised: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Four-and-a-half LIM protein2 (FHL2) is a member of the LIM-only protein family, which plays a critical role in tumorigenesis. We previously reported that FHL2 is upregulated and plays an oncogenic role in glioblastoma (GBM), the most common and aggressive brain tumor. GBM is also marked by amplification of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene and its mutations, of which EGFRvIII is the most common and functionally significant. Here we report that FHL2 physically interacts with the wild-type EGFR and its mutated EGFRvIII form in GBM cells. Expression of FHL2 caused increased EGFR and EGFRvIII protein levels and this was due to an increase in protein stability rather than an increase in EGFR mRNA expression. In contrast, FHL2 knockdown using RNA interference reduced EGFR and EGFRvIII protein expression and the phosphorylation levels of EGFR and AKT. Consistent with these features, EGFR expression was significantly lower in mouse FHL2-null astrocytes, where reintroduction of FHL2 was able to restore EGFR levels. Using established GBM cell lines and patient-derived neurosphere lines, FHL2 silencing markedly induced cell apoptosis in EGFRvIII-positive cells. Targeting FHL2 significantly prevented EGFRvIII-positive GBM tumor growth in vivo. FHL2 expression also positively correlated with EGFR expression in GBM samples from patients. Taken together, our results demonstrate that FHL2 interacts with EGFR and EGFRvIII to increase their levels and this promotes glioma growth, representing a novel mechanism that may be therapeutically targetable.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lili Sun
- The Experimental Center, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Shuye Yu
- The Experimental Center, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Hui Xu
- The Experimental Center, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yanwen Zheng
- The Experimental Center, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Juntang Lin
- Stem Cells and Biotherapy Engineering Research Center of Henan, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Meiyan Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jide Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Aidong Wang
- The Experimental Center, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Qing Lan
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Frank Furnari
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Webster Cavenee
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Benjamin Purow
- Department of Neurology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Ming Li
- The Experimental Center, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China. .,Department of Neurosurgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China. .,Department of Neurology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Yi X, Zai H, Long X, Wang X, Li W, Li Y. Krüppel-like factor 8 induces epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and promotes invasion of pancreatic cancer cells through transcriptional activation of four and a half LIM-only protein 2. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:4883-4889. [PMID: 28943967 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.6734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is one of the most aggressive types of cancer with an extremely poor prognosis. Invasive growth and early metastasis is one of the greatest challenges to overcome for the treatment of PC. Numerous previous studies have indicated that the transcription factor Krüppel-like factor 8 (KLF8) and nuclear cofactor four and a half LIM-only protein 2 (FHL2) serve important roles in tumorigenesis and tumor progression; however, their roles in PC remain elusive. The present study revealed that KLF8 and FHL2 expression is aberrantly co-overexpressed in PC tissue samples and associated with tumor metastasis. Furthermore, a positive correlation between the expression levels of KLF8 and FHL2 was observed. Subsequently, the present study identified KLF8 as a critical inducer of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and invasion. Of note, the present study demonstrated that KLF8 overexpression induced a strong increase in FHL2 expression, and subsequent promoter reporter assays determined that KLF8 directly bound and activated the FHL2 gene promoter. Furthermore, FHL2 knockdown in KLF8-overexpressing cells partially reversed the EMT and invasive phenotypes. The present study identified KLF8-induced FHL2 activation as a novel and critical signaling mechanism underlying human PC invasion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoping Yi
- Department of Radiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China.,Postdoctoral Research Workstation of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Hongyan Zai
- Department of General Surgery, Basic Medical Sciences, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Xueying Long
- Department of Radiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyi Wang
- Department of Radiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Wenzheng Li
- Department of Radiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Yixiong Li
- Department of General Surgery, Basic Medical Sciences, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Hua G, He C, Lv X, Fan L, Wang C, Remmenga SW, Rodabaugh KJ, Yang L, Lele SM, Yang P, Karpf AR, Davis JS, Wang C. The four and a half LIM domains 2 (FHL2) regulates ovarian granulosa cell tumor progression via controlling AKT1 transcription. Cell Death Dis 2016; 7:e2297. [PMID: 27415427 PMCID: PMC4973349 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2016.207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Revised: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The four and a half LIM domains 2 (FHL2) has been shown to play important roles in the regulation of cell proliferation, survival, adhesion, motility and signal transduction in a cell type and tissue-dependent manner. However, the function of FHL2 in ovarian physiology and pathology is unclear. The aim of this study was to determine the role and functional mechanism of FHL2 in the progression of ovarian granulosa cell tumors (GCTs). Immunohistochemical analysis indicated that FHL2 was overexpressed in GCT tissues. Cellular localization of FHL2 in GCT cells was cell cycle dependent. Knockdown of FHL2 suppressed GCT cell growth, reduced cell viability and inhibited cell migration. Consistently, ectopic expression of FHL2 in GCT cells with very low endogenous FHL2 promoted cell growth, improved cell viability and enhance cell migration. Importantly, overexpression of FHL2 promoted GCT progression in vivo. Mechanistic studies indicated that FHL2 regulates AKT1 gene expression in vitro and in vivo. Knockdown of FHL2 or AKT1 in GCT cell lines induced very similar phenotypes. Ectopic expression of constitutively active AKT1 rescued FHL2 knockdown-induced arrest of GCT cell growth and reduction of GCT cell viability, suggesting that FHL2 regulates GCT cell growth and viability through controlling AKT1 expression. Finally, co-immunoprecipitation and chromatin immunoprecipitation analyses indicated that FHL2 functions as a co-activator of NFκB and AP-1 to regulate AKT1 gene transcription. In conclusion, results from the present study indicate that FHL2 exerts its oncogenic action in GCT cells via controlling AKT1 gene expression. FHL2 is a promising target for the development of novel drugs against ovarian granulosa cell tumor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Hua
- Olson Center for Women's Health, Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.,Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei province 430070, China
| | - C He
- Olson Center for Women's Health, Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.,Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei province 430070, China
| | - X Lv
- Olson Center for Women's Health, Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - L Fan
- Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei province 430070, China
| | - C Wang
- Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei province 430070, China
| | - S W Remmenga
- Olson Center for Women's Health, Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - K J Rodabaugh
- Olson Center for Women's Health, Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - L Yang
- Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei province 430070, China
| | - S M Lele
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - P Yang
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - A R Karpf
- Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - J S Davis
- Olson Center for Women's Health, Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.,Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.,Omaha Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68105, USA
| | - C Wang
- Olson Center for Women's Health, Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.,Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Xue YL, Meng XQ, Ma LJ, Yuan Z. Plumbagin exhibits an anti-proliferative effect in human osteosarcoma cells by downregulating FHL2 and interfering with Wnt/β-catenin signalling. Oncol Lett 2016; 12:1095-1100. [PMID: 27446400 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.4725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Plumbagin, a naphthoquinone constituent of Plumbago zeylanica L. (Plumbaginaceae) is widely used in traditional Chinese medicine as an antifungal, antibacterial and anti-inflammatory agent. Plumbagin is known to exhibit proapoptotic, antiangiogenic and antimetastatic effects in cancer cells. The transcriptional co-factor four and a half LIM domains 2 (FHL2) is a multifunctional adaptor protein that is involved in the regulation of gene expression, signal transduction and cell proliferation and differentiation, and also acts as a tumor suppressor or oncoprotein depending on the tissue microenvironment. The present study investigated the effect of plumbagin on FHL2 expression, Wnt/β-catenin signalling and its anti-proliferative activity in various human osteosarcoma cell lines, including SaOS2, MG63, HOS and U2OS. The cells were exposed to plumbagin and the expression of FHL2 was evaluated using western blot analysis. Furthermore, the anti-proliferative effect of plumbagin was evaluated using a 3-(4,5 dimethyl-thiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. In addition, since FHL2 is involved in Wnt/β-catenin signaling, the effect of plumbagin on β-catenin and its primary target genes, including v-myc avian myelocytomatosis viral oncogene homolog (c-Myc) and WNT1 inducible signaling pathway protein-1 (WISP-1), was evaluated using western blot analysis. It was observed that plumbagin suppressed the expression of FHL2 and exhibited significant anti-proliferative activity in osteosarcoma cells. It also attenuated Wnt/β-catenin signalling by downregulating β-catenin and its target genes, including c-Myc and WISP-1. In conclusion, plumbagin demonstrated anti-proliferative activity in osteosarcoma cells by downregulating FHL2 and interfering with Wnt/β-catenin signalling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Liang Xue
- Department of Orthopedics of Clinical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250014, P.R. China
| | - Xiang-Qi Meng
- Department of Orthopedics, Suzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215000, P.R. China
| | - Long-Jun Ma
- Department of Orthopedics, People's Hospital of Yangxin, Binzhou, Shandong 251800, P.R. China
| | - Zhen Yuan
- Department of Orthopedics, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, Shandong 250014, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Boateng LR, Bennin D, De Oliveira S, Huttenlocher A. Mammalian Actin-binding Protein-1/Hip-55 Interacts with FHL2 and Negatively Regulates Cell Invasion. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:13987-13998. [PMID: 27129278 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.725739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian actin-binding protein-1 (mAbp1) is an adaptor protein that binds actin and modulates scission during endocytosis. Recent studies suggest that mAbp1 impairs cell invasion; however, the mechanism for the inhibitory effects of mAbp1 remain unclear. We performed a yeast two-hybrid screen and identified the adaptor protein, FHL2, as a novel binding partner that interacts with the N-terminal actin depolymerizing factor homology domain (ADFH) domain of mAbp1. Here we report that depletion of mAbp1 or ectopic expression of the ADFH domain of mAbp1 increased Rho GTPase signaling and breast cancer cell invasion. Moreover, cell invasion induced by the ADFH domain of mAbp1 required the expression of FHL2. Taken together, our findings show that mAbp1 and FHL2 are novel binding partners that differentially regulate Rho GTPase signaling and MTLn3 breast cancer cell invasion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lindsy R Boateng
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - David Bennin
- Departments of Medical Microbiology and Immunology and Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Sofia De Oliveira
- Departments of Medical Microbiology and Immunology and Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Anna Huttenlocher
- Departments of Medical Microbiology and Immunology and Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Abstract
The Four-and-a-half LIM (FHL)-only protein is a subfamily of protein members under the LIM-only protein family. These proteins are identified by their characteristic four and a half cysteinerich LIM homeodomain. Five members have been categorized into the FHL subfamily, which are FHL1, FHL2, FHL3, FHL4 and activator of CREM in testis (ACT) in human. FHL2 is amongst the most examined members within the family. Fhl2, the gene that code for the protein, is transcriptionally regulated by diverse types of transcription factors, for example, p53, serum response factor (SRF), and specificity protein 1 (Sp1). The expression of FHL2 is found in different tissues and organs and has been reported as a critical participant influencing the wide types of cancer such as breast cancer, gastrointestinal (GI) cancers, liver cancer and prostate cancer. The expression profile of FHL2 appeared to have a significant functional role in the carcinogenesis of these cancers which are mediated by different types of transcription factor including both tumor suppressors and inducers. In this review, we will first describe the molecular network governing FHL2 expression, which focus on the transcription factors conveying FHL2-initiated responses. In the second part, FHL2-linked cancers and the underlying molecular machinery will be discussed. Factors other than transcriptional regulation which may involve the cancer progression such as mutations of fhl2 and posttranslational modifications of the protein will also be mentioned.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cyanne Ye Cao
- School of Biomedical Sciences, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Simon Wing-Fai Mok
- School of Biomedical Sciences, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Zienert E, Eke I, Aust D, Cordes N. LIM-only protein FHL2 critically determines survival and radioresistance of pancreatic cancer cells. Cancer Lett 2015; 364:17-24. [PMID: 25917075 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2015.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Revised: 04/17/2015] [Accepted: 04/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Numerous factors determine the current poor prognosis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). One of the greatest challenges to overcome is treatment resistance. Among a large repertoire of intrinsic resistance mechanisms, integrin-mediated cell adhesion to extracellular matrix (ECM) has been identified to be fundamental. Coalesced in focal adhesion complexes, integrins, receptor tyrosine kinases, protein kinases and adapter proteins mediate prosurvival signaling. Four and a half LIM domains protein 2 (FHL2) is one of these adapter proteins, which operates through protein-protein interactions and shows tumor-specific expression. Based on this, we investigated FHL2 expression in PDAC specimens and three-dimensionally grown cell lines and how FHL2 mechanistically contributes to cell survival, cell cycling and radiation resistance. PDAC exhibited a significantly increased and heterogeneous FHL2 expression. Upon FHL2 depletion, pancreatic cancer cell lines showed significantly decreased cell survival, proliferation and radioresistance as well as enhanced apoptosis and MEK/ERK signaling and cyclin D1, E, A and B1 expression were strongly induced. Targeting of FHL2 and MEK1 was similarly effective than FHL2 depletion alone, suggesting MEK1 as a downstream signaling mediator of FHL2. Taken together, our results provide evidence for the importance of the focal adhesion protein FHL2 in pancreatic cancer cell survival, proliferation and radiosensitivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Zienert
- OncoRay - National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Iris Eke
- OncoRay - National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Daniela Aust
- Institute for Pathology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Nils Cordes
- OncoRay - National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Institute of Radiooncology, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany; Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), 01307 Dresden, Germany; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Al-Nomani L, Friedrichs J, Schüle R, Büttner R, Friedrichs N. Tumoral expression of nuclear cofactor FHL2 is associated with lymphatic metastasis in sporadic but not in HNPCC-associated colorectal cancer. Pathol Res Pract 2015; 211:171-4. [PMID: 25554651 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2014.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Accepted: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Four and a half LIM domain protein-2 (FHL2) is part of the focal adhesion structures modulating cell motility. FHL2 may translocate into the nucleus serving as a transcriptional cofactor binding several transcription factors. Overexpression of FHL2 has been linked to cancer progression in various neoplasias. The aim of the present study was to determine, whether FHL2's function as nuclear cofactor plays a prognostic role in invading tumor cells of sporadic and HNPCC-associated colorectal cancer (CRC). DESIGN Immunohistochemical staining intensity of nuclear FHL2 was quantified by Remmele score analysing 47 sporadic and 42 HNPCC-associated colorectal cancers. Analysis was restricted to carcinoma cells of the tumoral invasion front. RESULTS Confocal microscopy detected nuclear expression of FHL2 in colon cancer cells and absence of nuclear FHL2 signal in normal colon enterocytes. In colon cancer, nuclear FHL2 expression was predominantly observed in low-differentiated, often mucinous tumor areas. 42.55% of sporadic and 54.76% of HNPCC-associated CRC showed enhanced (Remmele score 6-12) nuclear FHL2 expression in the carcinoma cells of the tumoral advancing edge. Enhanced nuclear FHL2 expression was significantly linked to lymphatic metastasis in sporadic CRC (p=0.0197) and almost reached significance in HNPCC-associated CRC (p=0.0545). In contrast, nuclear FHL2 expression was neither associated with hematogenic metastasis in sporadic (p=0.7087) nor in HNPCC-associated colorectal cancer (p=0.3007). CONCLUSIONS We recently demonstrated that enhanced nuclear FHL2 expression in tumor stroma of sporadic colon cancer is associated with lymphatic metastasis. The results of the present study indicate a synergistic effect of nuclear cofactor FHL2 in tumor cells as well as in peritumoral stroma cells promoting lymphatic metastasis in sporadic CRC. As HNPCC-associated tumors did not show a significant association between tumoral nuclear FHL2 expression and lymphatic metastasis we speculate, that the intensive lymphocytic immune response in HNPCC precludes a direct contact of tumor cells and stromal cells resulting in reduced lymphatic spread.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lukman Al-Nomani
- Institute of Pathology, University of Cologne Medical School, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Jacqueline Friedrichs
- Institute of Pathology, University of Cologne Medical School, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Roland Schüle
- Center for Clinical Research, University of Freiburg Medical School, Breisacherstr. 66, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Reinhard Büttner
- Institute of Pathology, University of Cologne Medical School, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Nicolaus Friedrichs
- Institute of Pathology, University of Cologne Medical School, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Verset L, Tommelein J, Moles Lopez X, Decaestecker C, Mareel M, Bracke M, Salmon I, De Wever O, Demetter P. Epithelial expression of FHL2 is negatively associated with metastasis-free and overall survival in colorectal cancer. Br J Cancer 2013; 109:114-20. [PMID: 23756870 PMCID: PMC3708555 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2013.290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2013] [Revised: 04/24/2013] [Accepted: 05/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Four-and-a-half LIM domains protein 2 (FHL2) is a component of the focal adhesion structures and has been suggested to have a role in cancer progression. It has been shown to be overexpressed in the colorectal cancer (CRC). Methods: Here, we examined a possible prognostic value of FHL2 in CRC. Immunohistochemistry for FHL2 was performed on 296 CRCs without distant metastases at the time of surgery. Staining in the epithelial compartment was quantitatively evaluated using image analysis, and results were related to clinical variables. Antibody specificity was tested using small-interfering RNA transfection in hTERT-immortalised myofibroblasts. Results: Varying degrees of cytoplasmic FHL2 expression by neoplastic epithelial cells were detectable in all cases. Higher FHL2 expression in the epithelial compartment was an independent adverse prognostic factor. Multivariate Cox analysis shows that expression in the tumour invasion front (P<0.001) as well as in the centre of the tumour (P<0.001) was associated with metachronous metastases independently of the clinicopathological variables; expression in the tumour invasion front was also associated with overall survival independently of the clinicopathological variables (P<0.01). Conclusion: Higher FHL2 expression is involved in CRC progression and correlates with the development of metachronous metastases and overall survival, suggesting that FHL2 is an independent adverse prognostic indicator for CRC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Verset
- Department of Pathology, Erasme University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Route de Lennik 808, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
EpCAM regulates cell cycle progression via control of cyclin D1 expression. Oncogene 2012; 32:641-50. [PMID: 22391566 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2012.75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) is an integral transmembrane protein that is frequently overexpressed in embryonic stem cells, tissue progenitors, carcinomas and cancer-initiating cells. In cancer cells, expression of EpCAM is associated with enhanced proliferation and upregulation of target genes including c-myc. However, the exact molecular mechanisms underlying the observed EpCAM-dependent cell proliferation remained unexplored. Here, we show that EpCAM directly affects cell cycle progression via its capacity to regulate the expression of cyclin D1 at the transcriptional level and depending on the direct interaction partner FHL2 (four-and-a-half LIM domains protein 2). As a result, downstream events such as phosphorylation of the retinoblastoma protein (Rb) and expression of cyclins E and A are similarly affected. In vivo, EpCAM expression strength and pattern are both positively correlated with the proliferation marker Ki67, high expression and nuclear localisation of cyclin D1, and Rb phosphorylation. Thus, EpCAM enhances cell cycle progression via the classical cyclin-regulated pathway.
Collapse
|
19
|
Rafael MS, Laizé V, Bensimon-Brito A, Leite RB, Schüle R, Cancela ML. Four-and-a-half LIM domains protein 2 (FHL2) is associated with the development of craniofacial musculature in the teleost fish Sparus aurata. Cell Mol Life Sci 2012; 69:423-34. [PMID: 21739231 PMCID: PMC11115147 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-011-0754-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2010] [Revised: 06/08/2011] [Accepted: 06/14/2011] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Four-and-a-half LIM domains protein 2 (FHL2) is involved in major cellular mechanisms such as regulation of gene transcription and cytoskeleton modulation, participating in physiological control of cardiogenesis and osteogenesis. Knowledge on underlying mechanisms is, however, limited. We present here new data on FHL2 protein and its role during vertebrate development using a marine teleost fish, the gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata L.). In silico comparison of vertebrate protein sequences and prediction of LIM domain three-dimensional structure revealed a high degree of conservation, suggesting a conserved function throughout evolution. Determination of sites and levels of FHL2 gene expression in seabream indicated a central role for FHL2 in the development of heart and craniofacial musculature, and a potential role in tissue calcification. Our data confirmed the key role of FHL2 protein during vertebrate development and gave new insights into its particular involvement in craniofacial muscle development and specificity for slow fibers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marta S. Rafael
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Vincent Laizé
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Anabela Bensimon-Brito
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Ricardo B. Leite
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Roland Schüle
- Department of Urology/Women’s Hospital and Center for Clinical Research, University of Freiburg Medical Center, Breisacherstrasse 66, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - M. Leonor Cancela
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Medicine (DCBM), University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Overexpression of four and a half LIM domains protein 2 promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition-like phenotype in fish pre-osteoblasts. Biochimie 2012; 94:1128-34. [PMID: 22285966 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2012.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2011] [Accepted: 01/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
FHL2 is a multifunctional protein involved in gene transcription regulation and cytoarchitecture modulation that has been recently associated with epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in colon cancer. Overexpression of FHL2 in a fish pre-osteoblastic cell line promoted cell dedifferentiation and impaired its extracellular matrix mineralization capacity. Cell cultures also acquired a novel three-dimensional structure organization, their proliferation rate was enhanced and gene expression profile was altered in agreement with an EMT-like phenotype upon overexpression of FHL2. Altogether, our results provide additional support to the relevance of FHL2 for cell differentiation and its association with hallmarks of cancer phenotype.
Collapse
|
21
|
Gullotti L, Czerwitzki J, Kirfel J, Propping P, Rahner N, Steinke V, Kahl P, Engel C, Schüle R, Buettner R, Friedrichs N. FHL2 expression in peritumoural fibroblasts correlates with lymphatic metastasis in sporadic but not in HNPCC-associated colon cancer. J Transl Med 2011; 91:1695-705. [PMID: 21826055 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2011.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Four and a half LIM domain protein-2 (FHL2) is a component of the focal adhesion structures and has been suggested to have an important role in cancer progression. This study analyses the role of FHL2 in peritumoural fibroblasts of sporadic and hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC). Tissue specimens of 48 sporadic and 49 hereditary colon cancers, respectively, were stained immunohistochemically for FHL2, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 ligand and α-SMA. Myofibroblasts at the tumour invasion front co-expressed α-SMA and FHL2. Sporadic colon cancer but not HNPCC cases showed a correlation between TGF-β1 expression of the invading tumour cells and FHL2 staining of peritumoural myofibroblasts. Overexpression of FHL2 in peritumoural myofibroblasts correlated to lymphatic metastasis in sporadic colon cancer but not in HNPCC. In cultured mouse fibroblasts, TGF-β1 treatment induced myofibroblast differentiation, stimulated FHL2 protein expression and elevated number of migratory cells in transwell motility assays, suggesting that FHL2 is regulated downstream of TGF-β. Physical contact of colon cancer cells and myofibroblasts via FHL2-positive focal adhesions was detected in human colon carcinoma tissue and in co-culture assays using sporadic as well as HNPCC-derived tumour cell lines. Our data provide strong evidence for an important role of FHL2 in the progression of colon cancers. Tumour-secreted TGF-β1 stimulates FHL2 protein expression in peritumoural fibroblasts, probably facilitating the invasion of tumour glands into the surrounding tissue by enhanced myofibroblast migration and tight connection of fibroblasts to tumour cells via focal adhesions. These findings are absent in HNPCC-associated colon cancers in vivo and may contribute to a less invasive and more protruding tumour margin of microsatellite instable carcinomas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Gullotti
- Institute of Pathology, University of Bonn Medical School, Bonn, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
FHL2 interacts with CALM and is highly expressed in acute erythroid leukemia. Blood Cancer J 2011; 1:e42. [PMID: 22829078 PMCID: PMC3256755 DOI: 10.1038/bcj.2011.40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2011] [Accepted: 08/12/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The t(10;11)(p13;q14) translocation results in the fusion of the CALM (clathrin assembly lymphoid myeloid leukemia protein) and AF10 genes. This translocation is observed in acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML M6), acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and malignant lymphoma. Using a yeast two-hybrid screen, the four and a half LIM domain protein 2 (FHL2) was identified as a CALM interacting protein. Recently, high expression of FHL2 in breast, gastric, colon, lung as well as in prostate cancer was shown to be associated with an adverse prognosis. The interaction between CALM and FHL2 was confirmed by glutathione S-transferase-pulldown assay and co-immunoprecipitation experiments. The FHL2 interaction domain of CALM was mapped to amino acids 294–335 of CALM. The transcriptional activation capacity of FHL2 was reduced by CALM, but not by CALM/AF10, which suggests that regulation of FHL2 by CALM might be disturbed in CALM/AF10-positive leukemia. Extremely high expression of FHL2 was seen in acute erythroid leukemia (AML M6). FHL2 was also highly expressed in chronic myeloid leukemia and in AML with complex aberrant karyotype. These results suggest that FHL2 may play an important role in leukemogenesis, especially in the case of AML M6.
Collapse
|
23
|
Four and a half LIM protein 2 (FHL2) negatively regulates the transcription of E-cadherin through interaction with Snail1. Eur J Cancer 2011; 47:121-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2010.07.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2010] [Revised: 07/28/2010] [Accepted: 07/29/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
24
|
Zhang W, Yang Y, Jiang B, Peng J, Tu S, Sardet C, Zhang Y, Pang R, Hung IF, Tan VPY, Lam CSC, Wang J, Wong BC. XIAP-associated factor 1 interacts with and attenuates the trans-activity of four and a Half LIM protein 2. Mol Carcinog 2010; 50:199-207. [DOI: 10.1002/mc.20705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2010] [Revised: 09/14/2010] [Accepted: 10/18/2010] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
25
|
Han WD, Wu ZQ, Zhao YL, Si YL, Guo MZ, Fu XB. FHL2 antagonizes Id1-promoted proliferation and invasive capacity of human MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Chin J Cancer Res 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s11670-010-0194-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
|
26
|
Zhang W, Jiang B, Guo Z, Sardet C, Zou B, Lam CSC, Li J, He M, Lan HY, Pang R, Hung IFN, Tan VPY, Wang J, Wong BCY. Four-and-a-half LIM protein 2 promotes invasive potential and epithelial-mesenchymal transition in colon cancer. Carcinogenesis 2010; 31:1220-9. [DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgq094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
|
27
|
Labalette C, Nouët Y, Levillayer F, Colnot S, Chen J, Claude V, Huerre M, Perret C, Buendia MA, Wei Y. Deficiency of the LIM-only protein FHL2 reduces intestinal tumorigenesis in Apc mutant mice. PLoS One 2010; 5:e10371. [PMID: 20442768 PMCID: PMC2860980 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0010371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2009] [Accepted: 03/17/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The four and a half LIM-only protein 2 (FHL2) is capable of shuttling between focal adhesion and nucleus where it signals through direct interaction with a number of proteins including β-catenin. Although FHL2 activation has been found in various human cancers, evidence of its functional contribution to carcinogenesis has been lacking. Methodology/Principal Findings Here we have investigated the role of FHL2 in intestinal tumorigenesis in which activation of the Wnt pathway by mutations in the adenomatous polyposis coli gene (Apc) or in β-catenin constitutes the primary transforming event. In this murine model, introduction of a biallelic deletion of FHL2 into mutant ApcΔ14/+ mice substantially reduces the number of intestinal adenomas but not tumor growth, suggesting a role of FHL2 in the initial steps of tumorigenesis. In the lesions, Wnt signalling is not affected by FHL2 deficiency, remaining constitutively active. Nevertheless, loss of FHL2 activity is associated with increased epithelial cell migration in intestinal epithelium, which might allow to eliminate more efficiently deleterious cells and reduce the risk of tumorigenesis. This finding may provide a mechanistic basis for tumor suppression by FHL2 deficiency. In human colorectal carcinoma but not in low-grade dysplasia, we detected up-regulation and enhanced nuclear localization of FHL2, indicating the activation of FHL2 during the development of malignancy. Conclusions/Significance Our data demonstrate that FHL2 represents a critical factor in intestinal tumorigenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Labalette
- Département de Virologie, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- Inserm U579, Paris, France
| | - Yann Nouët
- Département de Virologie, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- Inserm U579, Paris, France
| | - Florence Levillayer
- Département de Virologie, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- Inserm U579, Paris, France
| | - Sabine Colnot
- Département d'Endocrinologie Métabolisme et Cancer, Institut Cochin, Paris, France
- Inserm U567, Paris, France
| | - Ju Chen
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Valere Claude
- Département d'Anapathologie, Hôpital Bégin, Saint Mandé, France
| | - Michel Huerre
- Département d'Infection et Epidémiologie, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Christine Perret
- Département d'Endocrinologie Métabolisme et Cancer, Institut Cochin, Paris, France
- Inserm U567, Paris, France
| | - Marie-Annick Buendia
- Département de Virologie, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- Inserm U579, Paris, France
| | - Yu Wei
- Département de Virologie, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- Inserm U579, Paris, France
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Fischer DC, Jacoby U, Pape L, Ward CJ, Kuwertz-Broeking E, Renken C, Nizze H, Querfeld U, Rudolph B, Mueller-Wiefel DE, Bergmann C, Haffner D. Activation of the AKT/mTOR pathway in autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease (ARPKD). Nephrol Dial Transplant 2009; 24:1819-27. [DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfn744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
|
29
|
Li M, Wang J, Ng SSM, Chan CY, Chen AC, Xia HP, Yew DT, Wong BCY, Chen Z, Kung HF, Lin MCM. The four-and-a-half-LIM protein 2 (FHL2) is overexpressed in gliomas and associated with oncogenic activities. Glia 2008; 56:1328-38. [PMID: 18615633 DOI: 10.1002/glia.20701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Four-and-a-half-LIM protein 2 (FHL2) is a member of FHL protein family, which plays a crucial role in regulating gene expression, cell survival, and migration. Although its function in oncogenesis appears to be tumor type-specific, its roles in glioma formation and development are yet to be elucidated. In the present study, we demonstrated that the mRNA level of FHL2 was elevated in both low- and high-grade glioma samples. Overexpression of FHL2 stimulated the proliferation, anchorage-independent growth, and migration of human glioblastoma cells. Conversely, FHL2 knockdown by short hairpin RNA (shRNA-FHL2) inhibited glioblastoma cell proliferation and migration. Overexpression of FHL2 increased the tumorigenicity of glioblastoma cells in nude mice and decreased the mRNA levels of p53 and its downstream proapoptotic genes, including p21, Bcl2-associated protein X (Bax), and p53-upregulated modulator of apoptosis. It also enhanced the promoter activities of activator protein-1 (AP-1), human telomerase reverse transcriptase, and survivin genes. Together, these results provide the first evidence that FHL2 contributes to glioma carcinogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ming Li
- Department of Chemistry, Open laboratory of Chemical Biology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Lauffart B, Sondarva GV, Gangisetty O, Cincotta M, Still IH. Interaction of TACC proteins with the FHL family: implications for ERK signaling. J Cell Commun Signal 2007; 1:5-15. [PMID: 18481206 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-007-0001-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2007] [Accepted: 02/23/2007] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The Transforming acidic coiled coil (TACC) proteins play a conserved role in normal development and tumorigenesis through interactions with multiple complexes involved in transcription, translation, and centrosomal dynamics. However, despite significant work on the function of TACC3 in the control of centrosomal mechanics, relatively little functional data is known about the family's founding member, TACC1. From a continued analysis of clones isolated by an unbiased yeast two-hybrid assay, we now show direct physical interactions between the TACC1 and the FHL (Four and a Half LIM-only) family of proteins. The authenticity of these interactions was validated both in vitro and in cellular systems. The FHLs exhibit diverse biological roles such as the regulation of the actin cytoskeleton and are promiscuous coregulators for several transcription factors. The interaction of the endogenous TACC-FHL proteins is primarily localized to the nucleus. However, similar to FHL2, overexpression of TACC1A in HEK293 is able to sequester serum activated ERK to the cytoplasm. This has the effect of reducing the serum induced transcriptional response of the c-fos and c-jun genes. The observation that TACCs can interact with the FHLs and alter their serum induced activities raises the possibility that the TACCs participate in crosstalk between cell signaling pathways important for cancer development and tumor progression. The transforming acidic coiled coil genes are known to be important prognostic indicators for breast, ovarian and lung cancer. In this manuscript, we identify a novel interaction between the TACCs and the FHL protein family. This interaction has an affect on ERK and may in part explain the variable associations and changes in subcellular locations of each family with specific subtypes of malignancy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brenda Lauffart
- Department of Physical Sciences, Arkansas Tech University, 1701 N Boulder Ave, Russellville, AR, 72802, USA,
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Wang J, Yang Y, Xia HHX, Gu Q, Lin MCM, Jiang B, Peng Y, Li G, An X, Zhang Y, Zhuang Z, Zhang Z, Kung HF, Wong BCY. Suppression of FHL2 expression induces cell differentiation and inhibits gastric and colon carcinogenesis. Gastroenterology 2007; 132:1066-76. [PMID: 17383428 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2006.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2006] [Accepted: 11/16/2006] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS FHL2 (4-1/2 LIM protein 2) is an adapter and modifier in protein interactions that is expressed mainly in the heart and ovary. It functions in a cell type- or promoter-specific manner. The aims of this study were to examine its expression in gastrointestinal cancers and to determine its role in cell differentiation and tumorigenesis. METHODS FHL2 expression in cancerous and normal gastrointestinal cells was detected by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction, immunoblotting, and immunohistochemistry. The effect of FHL2 suppression by both antisense and siRNA methods on cell differentiation and growth were evaluated in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS FHL2 expression was up-regulated in gastrointestinal cancer, compared with matched normal tissues. Stable transfection of gastric cancer cell line, AGS, and colon cancer cell line, Lovo, with antisense FHL2 induced lengthened or shuttle-shape morphologic changes with long or dendritic-like cytoplasmic processes and decreased the nuclear:cytoplasmic ratio. FHL2 antisense induced expressions of carcinoembryonic antigen and E-cadherin and the maturation of F-actin. Furthermore, FHL2 antisense inhibited the transcriptions of some oncogenes including cox-2, survivin, c-jun, and hTERT, and suppressed the promoter activity of activator protein-1 and hTERT. Suppression of FHL2 inhibited serum-dependent, anchorage-dependent and -independent cell growth, and suppressed de novo tumor formation in nude mice xenograft. CONCLUSIONS Suppression of FHL2 induces cell differentiation and inhibits tumorigenesis. Antisense or siRNA methods targeting FHL2 is a promising strategy for treatment of gastrointestinal cancers.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Actins/metabolism
- Animals
- Cadherins/metabolism
- Carcinoembryonic Antigen/metabolism
- Cell Differentiation
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Proliferation
- Cell Shape
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/genetics
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/metabolism
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/pathology
- Colonic Neoplasms/genetics
- Colonic Neoplasms/metabolism
- Colonic Neoplasms/pathology
- Cyclooxygenase 2/genetics
- Cyclooxygenase 2/metabolism
- Homeodomain Proteins/genetics
- Homeodomain Proteins/metabolism
- Humans
- Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins
- LIM-Homeodomain Proteins
- Membrane Proteins/genetics
- Membrane Proteins/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Nude
- Microtubule-Associated Proteins/genetics
- Microtubule-Associated Proteins/metabolism
- Muscle Proteins/genetics
- Muscle Proteins/metabolism
- Neoplasm Proteins/genetics
- Neoplasm Proteins/metabolism
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-jun/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-jun/metabolism
- RNA Interference
- RNA, Antisense/metabolism
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- RNA, Small Interfering/metabolism
- Stomach Neoplasms/genetics
- Stomach Neoplasms/metabolism
- Stomach Neoplasms/pathology
- Survivin
- Telomerase/genetics
- Telomerase/metabolism
- Time Factors
- Transcription Factor AP-1/metabolism
- Transcription Factors/genetics
- Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Transcription, Genetic
- Transfection
- Transplantation, Heterologous
- Up-Regulation
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jide Wang
- Institute for Digestive Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|