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Mao L, Ren D, Huang S, Wu X, Ruan M. Fascicle Behavior and Muscle Activity of The Biceps Femoris Long Head during Running at Increasing Speeds. J Sports Sci Med 2024; 23:603-610. [PMID: 39228786 PMCID: PMC11366839 DOI: 10.52082/jssm.2024.603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/13/2024] [Indexed: 09/05/2024]
Abstract
Hamstring strain injuries (HSIs) are prevalent in sports involving high-speed running and most of the HSIs are biceps femoris long head (BFlh) injuries. The primary cause for HSIs during high-speed running remains controversial due to the lack of in vivo measurement of the BFlh muscle behavior during running. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to quantify the muscle-tendon unit (MTU) and fascicle behavior of BFlh during running. Seven college male sprinters (22.14 ± 1.8 years; 177.7 ± 2.5 cm; 70.57 ± 5.1 kg; personal bests in 100m: 11.1 ± 0.2 s) were tested on a motorized treadmill instrumented with two force plate for running at 4, 5, 6m/s. The ground reaction force (GRF), 3D lower limb kinematics, EMG, and ultrasound images of biceps femoris long head (BFlh) in the middle region were recorded simultaneously. BFlh fascicles undergo little length change (about 1 cm) in the late swing phase during running at three submaximal speeds. BFlh fascicle lengthening accounted for about 30% of MTU length change during the late swing phase. BFlh was most active during the late swing and early stance phases, ranging from 83%MVC at a running speed of 4 m/s to 116%MVC at 6 m/s. Muscle fascicles in the middle region of BFlh undergo relatively little lengthening relative to the MTU in the late swing phase during running in comparison to results from simulation studies. These results suggest that there is a decoupling between the fascicle in the middle region and MTU length changes during the late swing phase of running.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizhi Mao
- College of Physical Education and Health, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Dahua Ren
- College of Physical Education and Health, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Shangjun Huang
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xie Wu
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Mianfang Ruan
- College of Physical Education and Health, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
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2
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Hopkins C, Graham B, Donnelly B, Robertson A, Strange J. Adolescent track and field injuries presenting to US emergency departments. PHYSICIAN SPORTSMED 2024; 52:349-354. [PMID: 37738218 DOI: 10.1080/00913847.2023.2263195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Track and field (T&F) is a highly popular sport for adolescents. The diversity of running, jumping, and throwing events within the sport can result in unique injury patterns for adolescent track and field participants. The purpose of this study was to estimate injury risk in adolescent T&F and describe the types of injuries resulting in ED visits, classified by T&F events. METHODS Emergency department (ED) data from the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System were obtained for a 20-year period from 2000 through 2019. Cases involving 14- to 18-year-olds participating in T&F were classified by sex, case severity, involved body region, and the T&F event patients were engaged in at the time of their injury. National estimates and Injury rates were calculated using national high school T&F participation data. Longitudinal trends in ED visits were measured using linear regression. Rate ratios (RRs) were used to compare the risk and severity of ED visits by sex. RESULTS 8,060 track and field related ED encounters were observed, representing an estimated 272,227 encounters nationally over the 20-year study period. The rate of ED encounters increased significantly over the study period (p < 0.001). Adolescent females exhibited a higher rate of ED encounters (RR: 1.23, 95% CI: 1.22-1.24), but a lower rate of hospital admissions (RR: 0.68, 95% CI: 0.64-0.73) compared to males. The lower extremity was the most commonly injured body region for most T&F events, but this differed for sprinting, high jumping, shot put, and javelin events. Most T&F events resulted in unique injury patterns characteristic of their athletic demands. CONCLUSIONS There was an increasing trend of ED visits from adolescent T&F participants throughout the 20-year study period with different injury patterns observed by sex and T&F event discipline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Hopkins
- Furman University, Department of Health Sciences, Greenville, SC, USA
| | - Bethany Graham
- Furman University, Department of Health Sciences, Greenville, SC, USA
| | - Beth Donnelly
- Furman University, Department of Health Sciences, Greenville, SC, USA
| | - Abigail Robertson
- Furman University, Department of Health Sciences, Greenville, SC, USA
| | - Jonna Strange
- Furman University, Department of Health Sciences, Greenville, SC, USA
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Gurchiek RD, Teplin Z, Falisse A, Hicks JL, Delp SL. Hamstrings are stretched more and faster during accelerative running compared to speed-matched constant speed running. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.25.586659. [PMID: 38585841 PMCID: PMC10996654 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.25.586659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Background Hamstring strain injuries are associated with significant time away from sport and high reinjury rates. Recent evidence suggests that hamstring injuries often occur during accelerative running, but investigations of hamstring mechanics have primarily examined constant speed running on a treadmill. To help fill this gap in knowledge, this study compares hamstring lengths and lengthening velocities between accelerative running and constant speed overground running. Methods We recorded 2 synchronized videos of 10 participants (5 female, 5 male) during 6 accelerative running trials and 6 constant speed running trials. We used OpenCap (a markerless motion capture system) to estimate body segment kinematics for each trial and a 3-dimensional musculoskeletal model to compute peak length and step-average lengthening velocity of the biceps femoris (long head) muscle-tendon unit. To compare running conditions, we used linear mixed regression models with running speed (normalized by the subject-specific maximum) as the independent variable. Results At running speeds below 75% of top speed accelerative running resulted in greater peak lengths than constant speed running. For example, the peak hamstring muscle-tendon length when a person accelerated from running at only 50% of top speed was equivalent to running at a constant 88% of top speed. Lengthening velocities were greater during accelerative running at all running speeds. Differences in hip flexion kinematics primarily drove the greater peak muscle-tendon lengths and lengthening velocities observed in accelerative running. Conclusion Hamstrings are subjected to longer muscle-tendon lengths and faster lengthening velocities in accelerative running compared to constant speed running. This provides a biomechanical explanation for the observation that hamstring strain injuries often occur during acceleration. Our results suggest coaches who monitor exposure to high-risk circumstances (long lengths, fast lengthening velocities) should consider the accelerative nature of running in addition to running speed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reed D. Gurchiek
- Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Zachary Teplin
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Antoine Falisse
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jennifer L. Hicks
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Scott L. Delp
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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4
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Aiello F. Development of a standardised method for the analysis of mechanisms and circumstances of injury in football (PhD Academy Award). Br J Sports Med 2024; 58:289-290. [PMID: 38050031 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2023-107644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Aiello
- School of Applied Sciences, Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh, UK
- Arsenal Performance and Research Team, Arsenal Football Club, London, UK
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Kalkhoven JT, Lukauskis-Carvajal M, Sides DL, McLean BD, Watsford ML. A Conceptual Exploration of Hamstring Muscle-Tendon Functioning during the Late-Swing Phase of Sprinting: The Importance of Evidence-Based Hamstring Training Frameworks. Sports Med 2023; 53:2321-2346. [PMID: 37668895 PMCID: PMC10687166 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-023-01904-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
An eccentrically lengthening, energy-absorbing, brake-driven model of hamstring function during the late-swing phase of sprinting has been widely touted within the existing literature. In contrast, an isometrically contracting, spring-driven model of hamstring function has recently been proposed. This theory has gained substantial traction within the applied sporting world, influencing understandings of hamstring function while sprinting, as well as the development and adoption of certain types of hamstring-specific exercises. Across the animal kingdom, both spring- and motor-driven muscle-tendon unit (MTU) functioning are frequently observed, with both models of locomotive functioning commonly utilising some degree of active muscle lengthening to draw upon force enhancement mechanisms. However, a method to accurately assess hamstring muscle-tendon functioning when sprinting does not exist. Accordingly, the aims of this review article are three-fold: (1) to comprehensively explore current terminology, theories and models surrounding muscle-tendon functioning during locomotion, (2) to relate these models to potential hamstring function when sprinting by examining a variety of hamstring-specific research and (3) to highlight the importance of developing and utilising evidence-based frameworks to guide hamstring training in athletes required to sprint. Due to the intensity of movement, large musculotendinous stretches and high mechanical loads experienced in the hamstrings when sprinting, it is anticipated that the hamstring MTUs adopt a model of functioning that has some reliance upon active muscle lengthening and muscle actuators during this particular task. However, each individual hamstring MTU is expected to adopt various combinations of spring-, brake- and motor-driven functioning when sprinting, in accordance with their architectural arrangement and activation patterns. Muscle function is intricate and dependent upon complex interactions between musculoskeletal kinematics and kinetics, muscle activation patterns and the neuromechanical regulation of tensions and stiffness, and loads applied by the environment, among other important variables. Accordingly, hamstring function when sprinting is anticipated to be unique to this particular activity. It is therefore proposed that the adoption of hamstring-specific exercises should not be founded on unvalidated claims of replicating hamstring function when sprinting, as has been suggested in the literature. Adaptive benefits may potentially be derived from a range of hamstring-specific exercises that vary in the stimuli they provide. Therefore, a more rigorous approach is to select hamstring-specific exercises based on thoroughly constructed evidence-based frameworks surrounding the specific stimulus provided by the exercise, the accompanying adaptations elicited by the exercise, and the effects of these adaptations on hamstring functioning and injury risk mitigation when sprinting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judd T Kalkhoven
- Sport & Exercise Science Discipline Group, Faculty of Health, Human Performance Research Centre, University of Technology Sydney, Moore Park Precinct, PO Box 123, Broadway, NSW, 2007, Australia.
| | - Mathias Lukauskis-Carvajal
- Sport & Exercise Science Discipline Group, Faculty of Health, Human Performance Research Centre, University of Technology Sydney, Moore Park Precinct, PO Box 123, Broadway, NSW, 2007, Australia
- SpeedLab, Cali, Colombia
| | - Deborah L Sides
- UK Sports Institute, Manchester Institute of Health and Performance, Manchester, UK
| | - Blake D McLean
- Sport & Exercise Science Discipline Group, Faculty of Health, Human Performance Research Centre, University of Technology Sydney, Moore Park Precinct, PO Box 123, Broadway, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Mark L Watsford
- Sport & Exercise Science Discipline Group, Faculty of Health, Human Performance Research Centre, University of Technology Sydney, Moore Park Precinct, PO Box 123, Broadway, NSW, 2007, Australia
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Romero V, Lahti J, Castaño Zambudio A, Mendiguchia J, Jiménez Reyes P, Morin JB. Effects of Fatigue Induced by Repeated Sprints on Sprint Biomechanics in Football Players: Should We Look at the Group or the Individual? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:14643. [PMID: 36429363 PMCID: PMC9691012 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192214643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to analyse the influence of fatigue on sprint biomechanics. Fifty-one football players performed twelve maximal 30 m sprints with 20 s recovery between each sprint. Sprint kinetics were computed from running speed data and a high-frequency camera (240 Hz) was used to study kinematic data. A cluster analysis (K-mean clustering) was conducted to classify individual kinematic adaptations. A large decrease in maximal power output and less efficiency in horizontally orienting the ground reaction force were observed in fatigued participants. In addition, individual changes in kinematic components were observed, and, according to the cluster analysis, five clusters were identified. Changes in trunk, knee, and hip angles led to an overall theoretical increase in hamstring strain for some players (Cluster 5, 20/51) but to an overall decrease for some others (Cluster 1, 11/51). This study showed that the repeated sprint ability (RSA) protocol had an impact on both kinetics and kinematics. Moreover, fatigue affected the kinematics in a different way for each player, and these individual changes were associated with either higher or lower hamstring length and thus strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentin Romero
- Centre for Sport Studies, Rey Juan Carlos University, 28942 Madrid, Spain
| | - Johan Lahti
- Laboratory of Human Motricity, Education Sport and Health (LAMHESS), Université Côte d’Azur, F-06200 Nice, France
| | | | - Jurdan Mendiguchia
- Department of Physical Therapy, ZENTRUM Rehab and Performance Center, 31010 Barañain, Spain
| | | | - Jean-Benoît Morin
- Inter-University Laboratory of Human Movement Biology (LIBM EA 7424), University of Lyon, University Jean Monnet, F-42023 Saint Etienne, France
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Šuc A, Šarko P, Pleša J, Kozinc Ž. Resistance Exercise for Improving Running Economy and Running Biomechanics and Decreasing Running-Related Injury Risk: A Narrative Review. Sports (Basel) 2022; 10:sports10070098. [PMID: 35878109 PMCID: PMC9319953 DOI: 10.3390/sports10070098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
It is well-accepted that at least a certain amount of resistance exercise (RE) is recommended for most endurance athletes. In this review, we aim to summarize the evidence regarding the effects of RE on running economy, running biomechanics, and running-related injury risk in endurance runners. The evidence robustly shows that lower limb RE is effective for improving running economy and performance, with a combination of strength and plyometric training being recommended to improve RE. Isometric training is also emerging as a possible alternative to implement during periods of high overall training load. Lower limb RE may change some aspects of joint kinematics during running; however, the evidence regarding the effects on kinetics is limited. Lower limb RE may help reduce running-related injury risk, but further evidence is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Šuc
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Primorska, Polje 42, SI-6310 Izola, Slovenia; (A.Š.); (P.Š.); (J.P.)
| | - Pija Šarko
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Primorska, Polje 42, SI-6310 Izola, Slovenia; (A.Š.); (P.Š.); (J.P.)
| | - Jernej Pleša
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Primorska, Polje 42, SI-6310 Izola, Slovenia; (A.Š.); (P.Š.); (J.P.)
| | - Žiga Kozinc
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Primorska, Polje 42, SI-6310 Izola, Slovenia; (A.Š.); (P.Š.); (J.P.)
- Andrej Marušič Institute, University of Primorska, Muzejski trg 2, SI-6000 Koper, Slovenia
- Correspondence:
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Sganzerla G, Carregaro RL, Martinez PF, Oliveira-Junior SAD. Effectiveness of different weekly frequencies of nordic hamstring exercise on performance and injury-associated factors in intermittent sports athletes: protocol of a randomised clinical trial. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOTHERAPY 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/21679169.2022.2070663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gianfranco Sganzerla
- Graduate Program in Health and Development in the Midwest Region of Brazil (PPGSD/UFMS), Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Campo Grande, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Luiz Carregaro
- Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences (PPG-CR/UnB), University of Brasília (UnB), Brasília, Brazil
| | - Paula Felippe Martinez
- Graduate Program in Health and Development in the Midwest Region of Brazil (PPGSD/UFMS), Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Campo Grande, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Movement Sciences (PPGCMOV/UFMS), Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Campo Grande, Brazil
| | - Silvio Assis de Oliveira-Junior
- Graduate Program in Health and Development in the Midwest Region of Brazil (PPGSD/UFMS), Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Campo Grande, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Movement Sciences (PPGCMOV/UFMS), Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Campo Grande, Brazil
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9
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Hopkins C, Williams J, Rauh MJ, Zhang L. Epidemiology of NCAA Track and Field Injuries From 2010 to 2014. Orthop J Sports Med 2022; 10:23259671211068079. [PMID: 35111863 PMCID: PMC8801656 DOI: 10.1177/23259671211068079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Track and field (T&F) athletes compete in a variety of events that require different skills and training characteristics. Descriptive epidemiology studies often fail to describe event-specific injury patterns. Purpose: To describe the epidemiology of injuries in National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) T&F by sex, setting (practice vs competition), and time of season (indoor vs outdoor) and to compare injury patterns by events within the sport. Study Design: Descriptive epidemiology study. Methods: Data were obtained from the NCAA Injury Surveillance Program for all indoor and outdoor T&F injuries during the academic years 2009-2010 to 2013-2014. Injury rates, injury rate ratios, and injury proportion ratios (IPRs) were reported and compared by sex, injury setting, season, and event. Analysis included time-loss as well as no-time loss injuries. Results: Over the 5 seasons, the overall injury rate was 3.99 injuries per 1000 athletic-exposures (95% CI, 3.79-4.20). After controlling for injury diagnoses, women’s T&F athletes experienced an 18% higher risk of injury (95% CI, 7% to 31%) and missed 41% more time after an injury (95% CI, 4% to 93%) when compared with men. Among all athletes, the injury risk during competition was 71% higher (95% CI, 50% to 95%) compared with practice and required 59% more time loss (95% CI, 7% to 135%). Distance running accounted for a significantly higher proportion of overuse injuries (IPR, 1.70; 95% CI, 1.40-2.05; P < .05) and required 168% more time loss (95% CI, 78% to 304%) than other events. The hip and thigh were the body regions most commonly injured; injury type, however, varied by T&F event. Sprinting accounted for the greatest proportion of hip and thigh injuries, distance running had the greatest proportion of lower leg injuries, and throwing reported the greatest proportion of spine and upper extremity injuries. Conclusion: Injury risk in NCAA T&F varied by sex, season, and setting. Higher injury rates were found in women versus men, indoor versus outdoor seasons, and competitions versus practices. The hip and thigh were the body regions most commonly injured; however, injury types varied by event. These findings may provide insight to programs aiming to reduce the risk of injury and associated time loss in collegiate T&F.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Hopkins
- Department of Health Sciences, Furman University, Greenville, South Carolina, USA
| | - Joel Williams
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, USA
| | - Mitchell J. Rauh
- Doctor of Physical Therapy Program, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Lu Zhang
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, USA
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10
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Kerin F, Farrell G, Tierney P, McCarthy Persson U, De Vito G, Delahunt E. Its not all about sprinting: mechanisms of acute hamstring strain injuries in professional male rugby union—a systematic visual video analysis. Br J Sports Med 2022; 56:608-615. [DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2021-104171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
ObjectivesThe mechanisms of hamstring strain injuries (HSIs) in professional Rugby Union are not well understood. The aim of this study was to describe the mechanisms of HSIs in male professional Rugby Union players using video analysis.MethodsAll time-loss acute HSIs identified via retrospective analysis of the Leinster Rugby injury surveillance database across the 2015/2016 to 2017/2018 seasons were considered as potentially eligible for inclusion. Three chartered physiotherapists (analysts) independently assessed all videos with a consensus meeting convened to describe the injury mechanisms. The determination of the injury mechanisms was based on an inductive process informed by a critical review of HSI mechanism literature (including kinematics, kinetics and muscle activity). One of the analysts also developed a qualitative description of each injury mechanism.ResultsSeventeen acute HSIs were included in this study. Twelve per cent of the injuries were sustained during training with the remainder sustained during match-play. One HSI occurred due to direct contact to the injured muscle. The remainder were classified as indirect contact (ie, contact to another body region) or non-contact. These HSIs were sustained during five distinct actions—‘running’ (47%), ‘decelerating’ (18%), ‘kicking’ (6%), during a ‘tackle’ (6%) and ‘rucking’ (18%). The most common biomechanical presentation of the injured limb was characterised by trunk flexion with concomitant active knee extension (76%). Fifty per cent of cases also involved ipsilateral trunk rotation.ConclusionHSIs in this study of Rugby Union were sustained during a number of playing situations and not just during sprinting. We identified a number of injury mechanisms including: ‘running’, ‘decelerating’, ‘kicking’, ‘tackle’, ‘rucking’ and ‘direct trauma’. Hamstring muscle lengthening, characterised by trunk flexion and relative knee extension, appears to be a fundamental characteristic of the mechanisms of acute HSIs in Rugby Union.
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11
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Pérez-Gómez J, Adsuar JC, Alcaraz PE, Carlos-Vivas J. Physical exercises for preventing injuries among adult male football players: A systematic review. JOURNAL OF SPORT AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2022; 11:115-122. [PMID: 33188962 PMCID: PMC8847925 DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2020.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Football is the most practised sport in the world and is associated with the risk of injuries in the players. Some studies have been published that identify injury prevention programs, but there is no review of the full body of evidence on injury prevention programs for use by football coaches. The aim of this article was to carry out a systematic review of published studies on injury prevention programs for adult male footballers, identify points of common understanding and establish recommendations that should be considered in the design of injury prevention strategies. METHODS PubMed and EMBASE databases were used to identify relevant published articles using the following keywords: "soccer" AND "injury" AND "prevention". RESULTS A total of 2512 studies were identified initially, but only 11 studies met the inclusion criteria, and their outcomes are presented. Results revealed that injury prevention programs in football have focused on strength training, proprioceptive training, multicomponent programs (balance, core stability, and functional strength and mobility), and warm-up programs. CONCLUSION Based on results from the studies analyzed, football players can lower the incidence of match and training injuries by participating in dynamic warm-up programs that include preventive exercises before games or during training sessions, and by adding strength, balance, and mobility training to the training sessions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Pérez-Gómez
- Health, Economy, Motricity and Education (HEME) Research Group, Faculty of Sports Sciences, University of Extremadura, Caceres 10003, Spain
| | - José Carmelo Adsuar
- Health, Economy, Motricity and Education (HEME) Research Group, Faculty of Sports Sciences, University of Extremadura, Caceres 10003, Spain
| | - Pedro E Alcaraz
- UCAM Research Center for High Performance Sport, Catholic University of Murcia, Murcia 30107, Spain; Faculty of Sport Sciences, Catholic University of Murcia, Murcia 30107, Spain
| | - Jorge Carlos-Vivas
- Health, Economy, Motricity and Education (HEME) Research Group, Faculty of Sports Sciences, University of Extremadura, Caceres 10003, Spain.
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12
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Deng L, Zhang X, Xiao S, Wang B, Fu W. Gender Difference in Architectural and Mechanical Properties of Medial Gastrocnemius-Achilles Tendon Unit In Vivo. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11060569. [PMID: 34204461 PMCID: PMC8234309 DOI: 10.3390/life11060569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aims to explore whether gender differences exist in the architectural and mechanical properties of the medial gastrocnemius–Achilles tendon unit (gMTU) in vivo. Thirty-six healthy male and female adults without training experience and regular exercise habits were recruited. The architectural and mechanical properties of the gMTU were measured via an ultrasonography system and MyotonPRO, respectively. Independent t-tests were utilized to quantify the gender difference in the architectural and mechanical properties of the gMTU. In terms of architectural properties, the medial gastrocnemius (MG)’s pennation angle and thickness were greater in males than in females, whereas no substantial gender difference was observed in the MG’s fascicle length; the males possessed Achilles tendons (ATs) with a longer length and a greater cross-sectional area than females. In terms of mechanical properties, the MG’s vertical stiffness was lower and the MG’s logarithmic decrement was greater in females than in males. Both genders had no remarkable difference in the AT’s vertical stiffness and logarithmic decrement. Gender differences of individuals without training experience and regular exercise habits exist in the architectural and mechanical properties of the gMTU in vivo. The MG’s force-producing capacities, ankle torque, mechanical efficiency and peak power were higher in males than in females. The load-resisting capacities of AT were greater and the MG strain was lesser in males than in females. These findings suggest that males have better physical fitness, speed and performance in power-based sports events than females from the perspective of morphology and biomechanics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqin Deng
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China; (L.D.); (X.Z.); (S.X.); (B.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Xini Zhang
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China; (L.D.); (X.Z.); (S.X.); (B.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Songlin Xiao
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China; (L.D.); (X.Z.); (S.X.); (B.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Baofeng Wang
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China; (L.D.); (X.Z.); (S.X.); (B.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Weijie Fu
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China; (L.D.); (X.Z.); (S.X.); (B.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-21-6550-7368
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Monajati A, Larumbe-Zabala E, Goss-Sampson M, Naclerio F. Injury Prevention Programs Based on Flywheel vs. Body Weight Resistance in Recreational Athletes. J Strength Cond Res 2021; 35:S188-S196. [PMID: 30273287 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000002878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Monajati, A, Larumbe-Zabala, E, Sampson, MG, and Naclerio, F. Injury prevention programs based on flywheel vs. body weight resistance in recreational athletes. J Strength Cond Res 35(2S): S188-S196, 2021-This study compares the effect of an isoinertial flywheel technology vs. a traditional gravity-dependent exercise protocol on modifiable factors associated with the incidence of hamstring strain (HAM) and anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries. Furthermore, the effect on repeated sprint ability was also considered. Eighteen recreationally trained volleyball players completed one of the following 6-week protocols: (a) flywheel (FY) included 3 exercises using a YoYo isoinertial-squat machine and 3 exercises with a Versa-Pulley isoinertial device, and (b) gravity-dependent (GT) involved 6 similar exercises with no external resistance (participants' body weight). Both programs consisted in 2 sessions·wk-1 performing 2 sets of 8 repetitions with 2 minutes of rest. Outcomes included a 10-second tuck jump assessment (TJA), landing knee valgus score, hamstring and quadriceps concentric and eccentric isokinetic 60°·s-1 peak torque, optimal peak torque localization, conventional and functional hamstring-to-quadriceps ratio, and 30-m repeated shuttle sprint ability (RSSA) test. FY improved TJA (-2, interquartile range [IQR] = -3 to -1) and valgus (-1, IQR = -1 to 0) scores, hamstring eccentric (20.37, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 9.27-31.47 N·m) and concentric (17.87, 95% CI = 0.40-35.34 N·m) peak torque, as well as the RSSA (-0.28, 95% CI = -0.45 to -0.10 seconds), whereas GT only improved hamstring eccentric peak torque (21.41, 95% CI = 9.00-33.82 N·m). A 6-week protocol using flywheel technology seems to elicit better positive adaptations to protect athletes from HAM and ACL injuries and to enhance RSSA performance compared to exercising with no external resistance other than athletes' body weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Monajati
- Department of Life and Sports Science, University of Greenwich, London, United Kingdom; and
| | | | - Mark Goss-Sampson
- Department of Life and Sports Science, University of Greenwich, London, United Kingdom; and
| | - Fernando Naclerio
- Department of Life and Sports Science, University of Greenwich, London, United Kingdom; and
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Johnson CD, Davis IS. A comparison of ground reaction force waveforms and step length between recreational endurance runners with hamstring injuries and healthy controls. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon) 2021; 84:105334. [PMID: 33774324 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2021.105334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute hamstring injuries during sprinting have been attributed, in part, to the ground reaction forces experienced during early stance. However, no studies have investigated the factors associated with overuse hamstring injuries in endurance runners. Our purpose was to compare early stance ground reaction forces and step length between runners with overuse hamstring injuries and healthy controls. METHODS 23 runners (5 men/ 18 women) who presented to a running clinic with an overuse hamstring injury were matched with healthy controls for sex, running speed and age. All participants ran on an instrumented treadmill, embedded with force plates. A 3-min warm-up was given, at a self-selected training pace, followed by 16-s of ground reaction force data collection (≈20 strides). Statistical parametric mapping was used to compared ground reaction force waveforms. Additionally, discrete force variables were calculated, including vertical average/instantaneous. Mean comparisons for discrete ground reaction force variables and step length were performed. FINDINGS Differences in ground reaction force waveforms did not reach statistical significance (p > 0.05). However, mean vertical loading rates were found to be higher in the Hamstring Injury group compared to Controls (p = 0.03-0.04) with small to moderate effect sizes (d = 0.47-0.52). No differences were found in mean step length. INTERPRETATION These results provide evidence that vertical loading rates may be associated with overuse hamstring injuries. However, further research is needed to identify the contribution of joint kinematics/kinetics and muscle activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caleb D Johnson
- Spaulding National Running Center, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Irene S Davis
- Spaulding National Running Center, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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15
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Ruan M, Li L, Zhu W, Huang T, Wu X. The Relationship Between the Contact Force at the Ankle Hook and the Hamstring Muscle Force During the Nordic Hamstring Exercise. Front Physiol 2021; 12:623126. [PMID: 33767632 PMCID: PMC7985830 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.623126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel device has been developed to assess eccentric hamstring strength during the Nordic hamstring exercise (NHE) by measuring the contact force at the ankle hook (brace). The purpose of this study was to determine the correlation between the force measured at the ankle hook and the hamstring force estimated by a low extremity model. Thirteen male college sprinters were recruited to perform NHE on an instrumented device Nordbord (Vald Performance, Australia). Contact forces were measured at a sampling rate of 50 Hz at the hooks using the uniaxial load cells. 3D kinematics were measured simultaneously at a sampling rate of 200 Hz using a 16-camera motion analysis system (Vicon Motion Analysis, Oxford, United Kingdom) during the NHE. The data were processed with Visual 3D (C-Motion, Germantown, MD, United States) and OpenSim (NCSRR, Stanford, CA, United States) to calculate the knee joint center’s coordinates and hamstring moment arms during NHE. A static low extremity model was built to estimate the hamstring force during NHE. We have observed a significant but not very high correlation (r2 = 0.58) between peak hamstring force and the peak contact force at the ankle hook. The peak contact force measured at the ankle hook can only explain a little more than half of the variations in peak hamstring muscle forces during NHE. Caution must be exercised when assessing the eccentric hamstring strength using the ankle contact force during NHE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mianfang Ruan
- Sports Biomechanics Laboratory, College of Physical Education and Health, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Health Sciences and Kinesiology, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA, United States
| | - Weiping Zhu
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Tianchen Huang
- Sports Biomechanics Laboratory, College of Physical Education and Health, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xie Wu
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
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Wan X, Li S, Best TM, Liu H, Li H, Yu B. Effects of flexibility and strength training on peak hamstring musculotendinous strains during sprinting. JOURNAL OF SPORT AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2021; 10:222-229. [PMID: 32795623 PMCID: PMC7987790 DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2020.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hamstring injury is one of the most common injuries in sports involving sprinting. Hamstring flexibility and strength are often considered to be modifiable risk factors in hamstring injury. Understanding the effects of hamstring flexibility or strength training on the biomechanics of the hamstring muscles during sprinting could assist in improving prevention strategies and rehabilitation related to these injuries. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of altering hamstring flexibility or strength on peak hamstring musculotendinous strain during sprinting. METHODS A total of 20 male college students (aged 18-24 years) participated and were randomly assigned to either a flexibility intervention group or a strength intervention group. Each participant executed exercise training 3 times a week for 8 weeks. Flexibility, sprinting, and isokinetic strength testing were performed before and after the 2 interventions. Paired t tests were performed to determine hamstring flexibility or strength intervention effects on optimal hamstring musculotendinous lengths and peak hamstring musculotendinous strains during sprinting. RESULTS Participants in the flexibility intervention group significantly increased the optimal musculotendinous lengths of the semimembranosus and biceps long head (p ≤ 0.026) and decreased peak musculotendinous strains in all 3 bi-articulate hamstring muscles (p ≤ 0.004). Participants in the strength-intervention group significantly increased the optimal musculotendinous lengths of all 3 hamstring muscles (p ≤ 0.041) and significantly decreased their peak musculotendinous strain during sprinting (p ≤ 0.017). CONCLUSION Increasing hamstring flexibility or strength through exercise training may assist in reducing the risk of hamstring injury during sprinting for recreational male athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianglin Wan
- Biomechanics Laboratory, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Shangxiao Li
- Biomechanics Laboratory, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Thomas M Best
- UHealth Sports Medicine Institute, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Hui Liu
- Biomechanics Laboratory, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Hanjun Li
- Biomechanics Laboratory, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Bing Yu
- Center for Human Movement Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7135, USA.
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Martín-San Agustín R, Sánchez-Barbadora M, García-Vidal JA. Validity of an inertial system for measuring velocity, force, and power during hamstring exercises performed on a flywheel resistance training device. PeerJ 2020; 8:e10169. [PMID: 33083155 PMCID: PMC7549468 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Inertial hamstring exercises promote functional changes leading to lower rates of hamstring injuries. However, variable training measurement systems have not been specifically validated for hamstring exercises. Accordingly, this study aimed to evaluate the validity of the Inertial Measurement System (IMS) to measure the velocity, force, and power during the performance of different hamstring exercises on a flywheel resistance training device. Methods Fifteen males (average age: 22.4 ± 2.5 years; body mass: 77.3 ± 9.8 kg; height: 179.5 ± 7.4 cm; weekly physical activity: 434.0 ± 169.2 min; years of strength training: 4.3 ± 2.2 years) performed the bilateral stiff-leg deadlift (SDL), 45° hip extension (HE), and unilateral straight knee bridge (SKB) in two sessions (familiarization and evaluation) with a 1-week interval between them. The velocity, force, and power (average and peak values) in the concentric and eccentric phases for each of the exercises were recorded simultaneously with IMS and MuscleLab. Results Consistency between IMS and MuscleLab was good to excellent for all variables, with r ranges from 0.824 to 0.966 in SDL, from 0.822 to 0.971 in HE, and from 0.806 to 0.969 in SKB. Acceptable levels of agreement between devices were observed in general for all exercises, the “bias” ranging from 1.1% to 13.2%. Although MuscleLab showed higher values than IMS for peak velocity, force and power values, the effect size was only relevant for 5 of the 36 parameters. IMS is a new and valid system to monitor inertial hamstring exercises on a new flywheel device. In this way, IMS could have potential practical applications for any professional or athlete who wants to monitor inertial hamstring exercises.
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Mechanisms of Hamstring Strain Injury: Interactions between Fatigue, Muscle Activation and Function. Sports (Basel) 2020; 8:sports8050065. [PMID: 32443515 PMCID: PMC7281534 DOI: 10.3390/sports8050065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Isolated injury to the long head of biceps femoris is the most common type of acute hamstring strain injury (HSI). However, the precise hamstring injury mechanism (i.e., sprint-type) is still not well understood, and research is inconclusive as to which phase in the running cycle HSI risk is the greatest. Since detailed information relating to hamstring muscle function during sprint running cannot be obtained in vivo in humans, the findings of studies investigating HSI mechanisms are based on modeling that requires assumptions to be made based on extrapolations from anatomical and biomechanical investigations. As it is extremely difficult to account for all aspects of muscle-tendon tissues that influence function during high-intensity running actions, much of this complexity is not included in these models. Furthermore, the majority of analyses do not consider the influence of prior activity or muscular fatigue on kinematics, kinetics and muscle activation during sprinting. Yet, it has been shown that fatigue can lead to alterations in neuromuscular coordination patterns that could potentially increase injury risk. The present critical review will evaluate the current evidence on hamstring injury mechanism(s) during high-intensity running and discuss the interactions between fatigue and hamstring muscle activation and function.
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Sugimoto D, Kelly BD, Mandel DL, d'Hemecourt DA, Carpenito SC, d'Hemecourt CA, d'Hemecourt PA. Running Propensities of Athletes with Hamstring Injuries. Sports (Basel) 2019; 7:sports7090210. [PMID: 31547307 PMCID: PMC6784223 DOI: 10.3390/sports7090210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The current study aims to compare the mechanical propensities between healthy runners and runners with hamstring injuries. Retrospective case-control video analysis was used. A total of 35 (12 male and 23 female) videos of runners with hamstring injuries were compared with videos of sex-, age-, mass-, and height-matched healthy control runners. The main outcome variables were trunk posture angles, overstride angles, and foot strike patterns. An independent t-test and chi-squared tests were employed to analyze the main outcome variables between the runners with hamstring injuries and the healthy control runners. The statistical significance of less than 0.05 (p < 0.05) was used. The runners with hamstring injuries had a 1.6° less forward-trunk posture angles compared with the healthy control runners (p = 0.043). Also, the runners with hamstring injuries demonstrated a 4.9° greater overstride angles compared with the healthy control runners (p = 0.001). Finally, the runners with hamstring injuries had a tendency of rearfoot strike, while the healthy control runners showed a forefoot strike pattern (p = 0.004). In conclusion, the runners with hamstring injuries demonstrated different running mechanical propensities compared with the healthy runners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dai Sugimoto
- Division of Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopedics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
- The Micheli Center for Sports Injury Prevention, Waltham, MA 02453, USA.
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Brian D Kelly
- Orthopedic Surgery & Sports Medicine, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, AZ 85016, USA.
| | - David L Mandel
- Division of Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopedics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Duncan A d'Hemecourt
- Division of Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopedics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Sara C Carpenito
- Division of Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopedics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
- The Micheli Center for Sports Injury Prevention, Waltham, MA 02453, USA.
| | - Charles A d'Hemecourt
- Division of Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopedics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Pierre A d'Hemecourt
- Division of Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopedics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
- The Micheli Center for Sports Injury Prevention, Waltham, MA 02453, USA.
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Kenneally-Dabrowski C, Brown NA, Warmenhoven J, Serpell BG, Perriman D, Lai AK, Spratford W. Late swing running mechanics influence hamstring injury susceptibility in elite rugby athletes: A prospective exploratory analysis. J Biomech 2019; 92:112-119. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2019.05.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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21
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Kenneally‐Dabrowski CJB, Brown NAT, Lai AKM, Perriman D, Spratford W, Serpell BG. Late swing or early stance? A narrative review of hamstring injury mechanisms during high‐speed running. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2019; 29:1083-1091. [DOI: 10.1111/sms.13437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Claire J. B. Kenneally‐Dabrowski
- ANU Medical School Australian National University Canberra Australian Capital Territory Australia
- Australian Institute of Sport Canberra Australian Capital Territory Australia
| | - Nicholas A. T. Brown
- Australian Institute of Sport Canberra Australian Capital Territory Australia
- Faculty of Health, University of Canberra Research Institute for Sport and Exercise University of Canberra Canberra Australian Capital Territory Australia
| | - Adrian K. M. Lai
- Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology Simon Fraser University Burnaby British Columbia Canada
| | - Diana Perriman
- ANU Medical School Australian National University Canberra Australian Capital Territory Australia
- Trauma and Orthopaedic Research Unit Canberra Hospital Canberra Australian Capital Territory Australia
- Discipline of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health University of Canberra Canberra Australian Capital Territory Australia
| | - Wayne Spratford
- Faculty of Health, University of Canberra Research Institute for Sport and Exercise University of Canberra Canberra Australian Capital Territory Australia
- Discipline of Sport and Exercise Science, Faculty of Health University of Canberra Canberra Australian Capital Territory Australia
| | - Benjamin G. Serpell
- Faculty of Health, University of Canberra Research Institute for Sport and Exercise University of Canberra Canberra Australian Capital Territory Australia
- Brumbies Rugby Canberra Australian Capital Territory Australia
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Li L, Ruan M. Nordic Exercise Should Not Be Used for Predictive Modeling of Hamstring Injuries. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2019; 50:2614. [PMID: 30431545 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000001727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- Department of Health Sciences and Kinesiology Georgia Southern University Statesboro, GA College of Physical Education Ningbo University Ningbo, Zhejiang, PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
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Ruan M. "Excessive muscle strain as the direct cause of injury" should not be generalized to hamstring muscle strain injury in sprinting. JOURNAL OF SPORT AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2018; 7:123-124. [PMID: 30356468 PMCID: PMC6180555 DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2017.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Revised: 05/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
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Yu B. Research in prevention and rehabilitation of hamstring muscle strain injury. JOURNAL OF SPORT AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2017; 6:253-254. [PMID: 30356629 PMCID: PMC6189236 DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2017.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/03/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
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Perrin C, Nosaka K, Steele J. Could titin have a role in strain-induced injuries? JOURNAL OF SPORT AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2017; 6:143-144. [PMID: 30356541 PMCID: PMC6188987 DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2017.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Craig Perrin
- School of Sport, Health and Social Sciences, Southampton Solent University Ringgold Standard Institution, Southampton, SO14 0YN, UK
- Corresponding author.
| | - Kazunori Nosaka
- School of Exercise and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia
| | - James Steele
- School of Sport, Health and Social Sciences, Southampton Solent University Ringgold Standard Institution, Southampton, SO14 0YN, UK
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Herzog W. Eccentric vs. concentric muscle contraction: That is the question. JOURNAL OF SPORT AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2017; 6:128-129. [PMID: 30356609 PMCID: PMC6188990 DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2017.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
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Liu Y, Sun Y, Zhu W, Yu J. Comments to "Mechanism of hamstring muscle strain injury in sprinting" by Yu et al. JOURNAL OF SPORT AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2017; 6:139-140. [PMID: 30356588 PMCID: PMC6188998 DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2017.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Revised: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of the Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Yuliang Sun
- School of Physical Education, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Wenfei Zhu
- School of Physical Education, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Jiabin Yu
- Research Academy of Grand Health, Faculty of Sport Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
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Li L, Wang D. Parallel and cross-sectional hamstring injuries in sprint running. JOURNAL OF SPORT AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2017; 6:141-142. [PMID: 30356580 PMCID: PMC6188996 DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2017.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- School of Health and Kinesiology, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA 30460, USA
| | - Donghai Wang
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
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