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Rayapolu RG, Yadav B, Apte SS, Venuganti VVK. Development of posaconazole nanocrystalline solid dispersion: preparation, characterization and in vivo evaluation. Pharm Dev Technol 2024; 29:530-540. [PMID: 38713634 DOI: 10.1080/10837450.2024.2353314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/09/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Posaconazole (PCZ) is an antifungal drug, which acts by inhibiting the lanosterol-14α-demethylase enzyme. It is a biopharmaceutical classification system class II drug with its bioavailability being limited by poor aqueous solubility. The aim of this study was to improve the oral bioavailability of PCZ by preparing nanocrystalline solid dispersion (NCS). METHODS PCZ-NCS was prepared by a combination of precipitation and high-pressure homogenization followed by freeze-drying. Several different surfactants and polymers were screened to produce NCS with smaller particle size and higher stability. RESULTS The optimized NCS formulation containing 0.2% Eudragit S100 and 0.2% SLS was found to provide the average particle size of 73.31 ± 4.7 nm with a polydispersity index of 0.23 ± 0.03. Scanning electron microscopy revealed the preparation of homogeneous and rounded particles. Differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray diffraction confirmed crystalline nature of NCS. Nanonization increased the saturation solubility of PCZ by about 18-fold in comparison with the neat drug. Intrinsic dissolution study showed 93% dissolution of PCZ within the first 10 min. In vivo pharmacokinetic study in Wistar rats showed that Cmax and AUCtotal of PCZ-NCS increased by 2.58- and 2.64-fold compared to the marketed formulation. CONCLUSION PCZ-NCS formulation presents a viable approach for enhancing the oral bioavailability of PCZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranga Goud Rayapolu
- Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS) Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Shameerpet, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
- Natco Research Center, Natco Pharma Limited, Sanath Nagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Balvant Yadav
- Natco Research Center, Natco Pharma Limited, Sanath Nagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Shashank S Apte
- Natco Research Center, Natco Pharma Limited, Sanath Nagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
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Castillo Henríquez L, Bahloul B, Alhareth K, Oyoun F, Frejková M, Kostka L, Etrych T, Kalshoven L, Guillaume A, Mignet N, Corvis Y. Step-By-Step Standardization of the Bottom-Up Semi-Automated Nanocrystallization of Pharmaceuticals: A Quality By Design and Design of Experiments Joint Approach. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2306054. [PMID: 38299478 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202306054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Nanosized drug crystals have been reported with enhanced apparent solubility, bioavailability, and therapeutic efficacy compared to microcrystal materials, which are not suitable for parenteral administration. However, nanocrystal design and development by bottom-up approaches are challenging, especially considering the non-standardized process parameters in the injection step. This work aims to present a systematic step-by-step approach through Quality-by-Design (QbD) and Design of Experiments (DoE) for synthesizing drug nanocrystals by a semi-automated nanoprecipitation method. Curcumin is used as a drug model due to its well-known poor water solubility (0.6 µg mL-1, 25 °C). Formal and informal risk assessment tools allow identifying the critical factors. A fractional factorial 24-1 screening design evaluates their impact on the average size and polydispersity of nanocrystals. The optimization of significant factors is done by a Central Composite Design. This response surface methodology supports the rational design of the nanocrystals, identifying and exploring the design space. The proposed joint approach leads to a reproducible, robust, and stable nanocrystalline preparation of 316 nm with a PdI of 0.217 in compliance with the quality profile. An orthogonal approach for particle size and polydispersity characterization allows discarding the formation of aggregates. Overall, the synergy between advanced data analysis and semi-automated standardized nanocrystallization of drugs is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Castillo Henríquez
- CNRS, INSERM, Chemical and Biological Technologies for Health Group (UTCBS), Université Paris Cité, Paris, F-75006, France
| | - Badr Bahloul
- Drug Development Laboratory LR12ES09, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Monastir, Monastir, 5060, Tunisia
| | - Khair Alhareth
- CNRS, INSERM, Chemical and Biological Technologies for Health Group (UTCBS), Université Paris Cité, Paris, F-75006, France
| | - Feras Oyoun
- CNRS, INSERM, Chemical and Biological Technologies for Health Group (UTCBS), Université Paris Cité, Paris, F-75006, France
| | - Markéta Frejková
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského náměstí 2, Prague, CZ-162 06, Czech Republic
| | - Libor Kostka
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského náměstí 2, Prague, CZ-162 06, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Etrych
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského náměstí 2, Prague, CZ-162 06, Czech Republic
| | - Luc Kalshoven
- EuroAPI France, Particle Engineering and Sizing Department, Vertolaye, F-63480, France
| | - Alain Guillaume
- EuroAPI France, Particle Engineering and Sizing Department, Vertolaye, F-63480, France
| | - Nathalie Mignet
- CNRS, INSERM, Chemical and Biological Technologies for Health Group (UTCBS), Université Paris Cité, Paris, F-75006, France
| | - Yohann Corvis
- CNRS, INSERM, Chemical and Biological Technologies for Health Group (UTCBS), Université Paris Cité, Paris, F-75006, France
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Memarvar D, Yaqoubi S, Hamishehkar H, Lam M, Nokhodchi A. Impact of grinding balls on the size reduction of Aprepitant in wet ball milling procedure. Pharm Dev Technol 2024; 29:353-358. [PMID: 38528824 DOI: 10.1080/10837450.2024.2334754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
One of the widely used approaches for improving the dissolution of poorly water-soluble drugs is particle size reduction. Ball milling is a mechanical, top-down technique used to reduce particle size. The effect of ball number, ball size, and milling speed on the properties of milled Aprepitant is evaluated. A full factorial design was employed to investigate the influence of affecting factors on particle size reduction. The initial suspension was made by suspending the drug in distilled water using excipients followed by milling in a planetary ball mill. Ball size, ball number, and milling speed modulated particle size distribution of Aprepitant. Increasing the number of balls from minimum to maximum for each ball size led to approximately a 28% reduction in mean particle size, a 37% decrease in D90%, and a 25% decrease in the ratio of volume mean particle diameter to numeric mean particle diameter. On average, using 10 mm balls instead of 30 mm balls reduced mean particle size by 1.689 µm. As a result, ball size, ball number, and milling speed are three effective factors in the process of ball milling. By increasing the ball number and decreasing the ball size, efficient micronization of drug particles takes place and the particle size is more uniform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dourna Memarvar
- Drug Applied Research Center, Research Committee and Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Shadi Yaqoubi
- Biotechnology Research Center, and Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hamed Hamishehkar
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Matthew Lam
- School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
| | - Ali Nokhodchi
- School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
- Lupin Inhalation Research Center, Coral Springs, FL, USA
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Ding Y, Zhao T, Fang J, Song J, Dong H, Liu J, Li S, Zhao M. Recent developments in the use of nanocrystals to improve bioavailability of APIs. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 16:e1958. [PMID: 38629192 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Nanocrystals refer to materials with at least one dimension smaller than 100 nm, composing of atoms arranged in single crystals or polycrystals. Nanocrystals have significant research value as they offer unique advantages over conventional pharmaceutical formulations, such as high bioavailability, enhanced targeting selectivity and controlled release ability and are therefore suitable for the delivery of a wide range of drugs such as insoluble drugs, antitumor drugs and genetic drugs with broad application prospects. In recent years, research on nanocrystals has been progressively refined and new products have been launched or entered the clinical phase of studies. However, issues such as safety and stability still stand that need to be addressed for further development of nanocrystal formulations, and significant gaps do exist in research in various fields in this pharmaceutical arena. This paper presents a systematic overview of the advanced development of nanocrystals, ranging from the preparation approaches of nanocrystals with which the bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drugs is improved, critical properties of nanocrystals and associated characterization techniques, the recent development of nanocrystals with different administration routes, the advantages and associated limitations of nanocrystal formulations, the mechanisms of physical instability, and the enhanced dissolution performance, to the future perspectives, with a final view to shed more light on the future development of nanocrystals as a means of optimizing the bioavailability of drug candidates. This article is categorized under: Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Emerging Technologies Nanotechnology Approaches to Biology > Nanoscale Systems in Biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yidan Ding
- China Medical University-Queen's University Belfast Joint College (CQC), China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Tongyi Zhao
- China Medical University-Queen's University Belfast Joint College (CQC), China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jianing Fang
- China Medical University-Queen's University Belfast Joint College (CQC), China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jiexin Song
- China Medical University-Queen's University Belfast Joint College (CQC), China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Haobo Dong
- China Medical University-Queen's University Belfast Joint College (CQC), China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jiarui Liu
- China Medical University-Queen's University Belfast Joint College (CQC), China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Sijin Li
- China Medical University-Queen's University Belfast Joint College (CQC), China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Min Zhao
- China Medical University-Queen's University Belfast Joint College (CQC), China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
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Shen Y, Gwak H, Han B. Advanced manufacturing of nanoparticle formulations of drugs and biologics using microfluidics. Analyst 2024; 149:614-637. [PMID: 38083968 PMCID: PMC10842755 DOI: 10.1039/d3an01739g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2024]
Abstract
Numerous innovative nanoparticle formulations of drugs and biologics, named nano-formulations, have been developed in the last two decades. However, methods for their scaled-up production are still lagging, as the amount needed for large animal tests and clinical trials is typically orders of magnitude larger. This manufacturing challenge poses a critical barrier to successfully translating various nano-formulations. This review focuses on how microfluidics technology has become a powerful tool to overcome this challenge by synthesizing various nano-formulations with improved particle properties and product purity in large quantities. This microfluidic-based manufacturing is enabled by microfluidic mixing, which is capable of the precise and continuous control of the synthesis of nano-formulations. We further discuss the specific applications of hydrodynamic flow focusing, a staggered herringbone micromixer, a T-junction mixer, a micro-droplet generator, and a glass capillary on various types of nano-formulations of polymeric, lipid, inorganic, and nanocrystals. Various separation and purification microfluidic methods to enhance the product purity are reviewed, including acoustofluidics, hydrodynamics, and dielectrophoresis. We further discuss the challenges of microfluidics being used by broader research and industrial communities. We also provide future outlooks of its enormous potential as a decentralized approach for manufacturing nano-formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingnan Shen
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
| | - Hogyeong Gwak
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
| | - Bumsoo Han
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
- Purdue University Institute for Cancer Research, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
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Marques SM, Kumar L. Factors affecting the preparation of nanocrystals: characterization, surface modifications and toxicity aspects. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2023; 20:871-894. [PMID: 37222381 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2023.2218084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The fabrication of well-defined nanocrystals in size and form is the focus of much investigation. In this work, we have critically reviewed several recent instances from the literature that shows how the production procedure affects the physicochemical properties of the nanocrystals. AREAS COVERED Scopus, MedLine, PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar were searched for peer-review articles published in the past few years using different key words. Authors chose relevant publications from their files for this review. This review focuses on the range of techniques available for producing nanocrystals. We draw attention to several recent instances demonstrating the impact of various process and formulation variables that affect the nanocrystals' physicochemical properties. Moreover, various developments in the characterization techniques explored for nanocrystals concerning their size, morphology, etc. have been discussed. Last but not least, recent applications, the effect of surface modifications, and the toxicological traits of nanocrystals have also been reviewed. EXPERT OPINION The selection of an appropriate production method for the formation of nanocrystals, together with a deep understanding of the relationship between the drug's physicochemical properties, unique features of the various formulation alternatives, and anticipated in-vivo performance, would significantly reduce the risk of failure during human clinical trials that are inadequate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirleen Miriam Marques
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Lalit Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hajipur, Bihar, India
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Corpstein CD, Li T. A Perspective on Model-Informed IVIVC for Development of Subcutaneous Injectables. Pharm Res 2023; 40:1633-1639. [PMID: 37523013 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-023-03572-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Subcutaneously administered drugs are growing in popularity for both large and small molecule drugs. However, development of these systems - particularly generics - is slowed due to a lack of formal guidance regarding preclinical testing and in vitro - in vivo correlations (IVIVC). Many of these methods, while appropriate for oral drugs, may not be optimized for the complex injection site physiologies, and release rate and absorption mechanisms of subcutaneous drugs. Current limitations for formulation design and IVIVC can be supported by implementing mechanistic, computational methods. These methods can help to inform drug development by identifying key drug and formulation attributes, and their effects on drug release rates. This perspective, therefore, addresses current guidelines in place for oral IVIVC development, how they may differ for subcutaneously administered compounds, and how modeling and simulation can be implemented to inform design of these products. As such, integration of modeling and simulation with current IVIVC systems can help in driving the development of subcutaneous injectables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clairissa D Corpstein
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Tonglei Li
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA.
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Alali AS, Kalam MA, Ahmed MM, Aboudzadeh MA, Alhudaithi SS, Anwer MK, Fatima F, Iqbal M. Nanocrystallization Improves the Solubilization and Cytotoxic Effect of a Poly (ADP-Ribose)-Polymerase-I Inhibitor. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14224827. [PMID: 36432955 PMCID: PMC9696361 DOI: 10.3390/polym14224827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Olaparib (OLA) is an anticancer agent that acts by inhibiting the poly (ADP-ribose)-polymerase-I (PARP-I). Due to its low solubility and low permeability, it has been placed as a BCS Class-IV drug and hence its clinical use is limited. In this study, we develop the nanocrystals of OLA as a way to improve its solubility and other performances. The OLA-NCs were prepared by antisolvent precipitation method through homogenization and probe sonication technique using a novel amphiphilic polymeric stabilizer (Soluplus®). Particle characterization resulted approximately 103.13 nm, polydispersity-index was 0.104 with positive zeta-potential of +8.67 mV. The crystal morphology by SEM of OLA-NCs (with and without mannitol) exhibited nano-crystalline prism-like structures as compared to the elongated OLA-pure. The DSC, XRD and FTIR were performed to check the interaction of Soluplus, mannitol and OLA did not exhibit any physical interaction among the OLA, Soluplus® and mannitol that is indicated by the presence of parent wave number peak. Two-fold increased solubility of OLA was found in PBS with Soluplus® from the NCs (69.3 ± 6.2 µgmL−1) as compared to pure drug (35.6 ± 7.2 µgmL−1). In vitro release of drug from OLA-NCs was higher (78.2%) at 12 h at pH 6.8 and relatively lower (53.1%) at pH 1.2. In vitro cellular cytotoxicity and anticancer effects were examined on MCF-7 cells. OLA-NCs were found effectively potent to MCF-7 cells compared with OLA-pure with approximately less than half IC50 value during MTT assay. Estimation of p53, Caspase-3 and Caspase-9 in MCF-7 cells indicated that OLA-NCs have significantly (p < 0.05) increased their expressions. After single oral dose in rats, 12 h plasma drug concentration-time profile indicated approximately 2.06-, 2.29-, 2−25- and 2.62-folds increased Cmax, AUC0-12 h, AUC0-∞ and AUMC0-∞, respectively, from the NCs as compared to OLA-pure. Storage stability indicated that the OLA-NCs was physically and chemically stable at 4 °C, 25 °C and 40 °C up to 6-months. Overall, OLA-NCs were deliberated; its potential feasibility to overwhelm the formulation challenges related to poorly soluble drugs and its future clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amer S. Alali
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohd Abul Kalam
- Nanobiotechnogy Unit, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Muqtader Ahmed
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence:
| | - M. Ali Aboudzadeh
- CNRS, Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physico-Chimie Pour l’Environnement et les Matériaux, University Pau & Pays Adour, E2S UPPA, IPREM, UMR5254, 64000 Pau, France
| | - Sulaiman S. Alhudaithi
- Nanobiotechnogy Unit, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Md. Khalid Anwer
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Farhat Fatima
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muzaffar Iqbal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Central Laboratory, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Fabrication and Characterization of Tedizolid Phosphate Nanocrystals for Topical Ocular Application: Improved Solubilization and In Vitro Drug Release. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14071328. [PMID: 35890223 PMCID: PMC9320520 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14071328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Positively charged NCs of TZP (0.1%, w/v) for ocular use were prepared by the antisolvent precipitation method. TZP is a novel 5-Hydroxymethyl-Oxazolidinone class of antibiotic and is effective against many drug-resistant bacterial infections. Even the phosphate salt of this drug is poorly soluble, therefore the NCs were prepared for its better solubility and ocular availability. P188 was found better stabilizer than PVA for TZP-NCs. Characterization of the NCs including the particle-size, PDI, and ZP by Zeta-sizer, while morphology by SEM indicated that the preparation technique was successful to get the optimal sized (151.6 nm) TZP-NCs with good crystalline morphology. Mannitol (1%, w/v) prevented the crystal growth and provided good stabilization to NC1 during freeze-drying. FTIR spectroscopy confirmed the nano-crystallization did not alter the basic molecular structure of TZP. DSC and XRD studies indicated the reduced crystallinity of TZP-NC1, which potentiated its solubility. An increased solubility of TZP-NC1 (25.9 µgmL−1) as compared to pure TZP (18.4 µgmL−1) in STF with SLS. Addition of stearylamine (0.2%, w/v) and BKC (0.01%, w/v) have provided cationic (+29.4 mV) TZP-NCs. Redispersion of freeze-dried NCs in dextrose (5%, w/v) resulted in a clear transparent aqueous suspension of NC1 with osmolarity (298 mOsm·L−1) and viscosity (21.1 cps at 35 °C). Mannitol (cryoprotectant) during freeze-drying could also provide isotonicity to the nano-suspension at redispersion in dextrose solution. In vitro release in STF with SLS has shown relatively higher (78.8%) release of TZP from NC1 as compared to the conventional TZP-AqS (43.4%) at 12 h. TZP-NC1 was physically and chemically stable at three temperatures for 180 days. The above findings suggested that TZP-NC1 would be a promising alternative for ocular delivery of TZP with relatively improved performance.
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McGuckin MB, Wang J, Ghanma R, Qin N, Palma SD, Donnelly RF, Paredes AJ. Nanocrystals as a master key to deliver hydrophobic drugs via multiple administration routes. J Control Release 2022; 345:334-353. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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De Grandi D, Meghdadi A, LuTheryn G, Carugo D. Facile production of quercetin nanoparticles using 3D printed centrifugal flow reactors. RSC Adv 2022; 12:20696-20713. [PMID: 35919149 PMCID: PMC9295137 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra02745c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A 3D printed reactor-in-a-centrifuge (RIAC) was developed to produce drug nanocrystals. Quercetin nanocrystals were manufactured at varying operational and formulation conditions, and had a small size (190–302 nm) and low size dispersity (PDI < 0.1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide De Grandi
- Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pavia, Pavia 27100, Italy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University College London, London WC1N 1AX, UK
| | - Alireza Meghdadi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University College London, London WC1N 1AX, UK
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Gareth LuTheryn
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University College London, London WC1N 1AX, UK
| | - Dario Carugo
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University College London, London WC1N 1AX, UK
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Permana AD, Paredes AJ, Zanutto FV, Amir MN, Ismail I, Bahar MA, Palma SD, Donnelly RF. Albendazole Nanocrystal-Based Dissolving Microneedles with Improved Pharmacokinetic Performance for Enhanced Treatment of Cystic Echinococcosis. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:38745-38760. [PMID: 34353029 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c11179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a zoonosis caused by Echinococcus spp., affecting both humans and animals' lives. Current treatment of CE by oral administration of albendazole (ABZ) is hampered by several limitations. The poor aqueous solubility and the rapid metabolism of ABZ in the liver are the main issues, leading to lack of efficacy of the treatment. In the present study, we developed a nanocrystalline (NC) formulation of ABZ to be delivered intradermally using dissolving microneedles (DMNs). The NC formulation was developed using milling in an ultrasmall-scale device. Following several screenings, Pluronic F127 was selected as a suitable stabilizer, producing NCs with around 400 nm in size with narrow particle distribution. The crystallinity of ABZ was maintained as observed by DSC and XRD analysis. The NC approach was able to improve the dissolution percentage of ABZ by approximately three-fold. Furthermore, the incorporation of NCs into DMNs using the combination of poly(vinylpyrrolidone) and poly(vinyl alcohol) formed sharp needles with sufficient mechanical strength and insertion properties. Dermatokinetic studies revealed that >25% of ABZ was localized in the dermis of excised neonatal porcine skin up to 48 h after DMN administration. In in vivo pharmacokinetic studies, the AUC and relative bioavailability values of ABZ delivered by NC-loaded DMNs were found to be significantly higher than those obtained after oral administration of coarse suspension of ABZ or ABZ-NCs, as well as DMNs delivering coarse ABZ as indicated by the relative bioavailability values of >100%. Therefore, the combination approach developed in this study could maintain the systemic circulation of ABZ, which could be possibly caused by avoiding the first-pass metabolism in the liver. This could be beneficial to improve the efficacy of ABZ in CE treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andi Dian Permana
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Makassar 90245, Indonesia
| | - Alejandro J Paredes
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Medical Biology Centre, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, United Kingdom
| | - Fabiana Volpe Zanutto
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Medical Biology Centre, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, United Kingdom
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Campinas, R. Cândido Portinari, 200 - Cidade Universitária, Campinas, SP 13083-871, Brazil
| | - Muh Nur Amir
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar 90245, Indonesia
| | - Ismail Ismail
- Department of Phytochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar 90245, Indonesia
| | - Muh Akbar Bahar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar 90245, Indonesia
| | - Santiago Daniel Palma
- Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo en Tecnología Farmacéutica (UNITEFA), CONICET and Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Haya de la Torre y Medina Allende, X5000XHUA, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Ryan F Donnelly
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Medical Biology Centre, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, United Kingdom
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Shabatina TI, Morosov YN, Soloviev AV, Shabatin AV, Vernaya OI, Melnikov MY. Cryochemical Production of Drug Nanoforms: Particle Size and Crystal Phase Control of the Antibacterial Medication 2,3-Quinoxalinedimethanol-1,4-dioxide (Dioxidine). NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11061588. [PMID: 34204303 PMCID: PMC8235636 DOI: 10.3390/nano11061588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Increasing the effectiveness of known, well-tested drugs is a promising low-cost alternative to the search for new drug molecular forms. Powerful approaches to solve this problem are (a) an active drug particle size reduction down to the nanoscale and (b) thermodynamically metastable but kinetically stable crystal modifications of drug acquisition. The combined cryochemical method has been used for size and structural modifications of the antibacterial drug 2,3-quinoxalinedimethanol-1,4-dioxide (dioxidine). The main stage of the proposed technique includes the formation of a molecular vapor of the drug substance, combined with a carrier gas (CO2) flow, followed by a fast condensation of the drug substance and CO2 molecules on a cooled-by-liquid nitrogen surface of preparative cryostate. It was established that the molecular chemical structure of the drug substance remained unchanged during cryochemical modification; however, it led to a significant decrease of the drug particles’ size down to nanosizes and changes in the crystal structures of the solid drug nanoforms obtained. Varying carrier gas (CO2) flow led to changes in their solid phase composition. A higher dissolution rate and changes in antibacterial activity were demonstrated for cryomodified dioxidine samples in comparison to the properties of the initial pharmacopeia dioxidine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatyana I. Shabatina
- Department of Chemistry, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gori Build 1/3, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (Y.N.M.); (A.V.S.); (O.I.V.); (M.Y.M.)
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Fundamental Sciences, Bauman Moscow State Technical University, 2nd Bauman Str. 5, 105905 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence: or ; Tel./Fax: +7-495-939-5442
| | - Yurii N. Morosov
- Department of Chemistry, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gori Build 1/3, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (Y.N.M.); (A.V.S.); (O.I.V.); (M.Y.M.)
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Fundamental Sciences, Bauman Moscow State Technical University, 2nd Bauman Str. 5, 105905 Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey V. Soloviev
- Department of Chemistry, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gori Build 1/3, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (Y.N.M.); (A.V.S.); (O.I.V.); (M.Y.M.)
| | - Andrey V. Shabatin
- A.N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry RAS, Lenin Prospect, 31 Build 4, 119071 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Olga I. Vernaya
- Department of Chemistry, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gori Build 1/3, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (Y.N.M.); (A.V.S.); (O.I.V.); (M.Y.M.)
| | - Michail Y. Melnikov
- Department of Chemistry, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gori Build 1/3, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (Y.N.M.); (A.V.S.); (O.I.V.); (M.Y.M.)
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Li J, Zhou Y, Aisha M, Wu J, Wang H, Huang F, Sun M. Preparation of loratadine nanocrystal tablets to improve the solubility and dissolution for enhanced oral bioavailability. J Pharm Pharmacol 2021; 73:937-946. [PMID: 33963858 DOI: 10.1093/jpp/rgab043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Loratadine is a selective H1 receptor inhibitor that has been widely used in the clinical treatment of allergic diseases. Here we aimed to develop a novel solid loratadine nanocrystal to increase the low and pH-dependent water solubility for bioavailability enhancement. METHODS Loratadine solid nanocrystal was developed through high-speed shear-high pressure homogenization followed by freeze-drying, which was further prepared into tablets through direct compression. The formulation and process parameter were screened. Furthermore, the characterization and oral bioavailability of loratadine nanocrystal were studied. KEY FINDINGS The loratadine nanocrystal had the satisfactory particle size of 425.9 nm and great redispersibility, which was mainly attributed to the addition of Pluronic F127 and polyvinylpyrrolidone K17 as the stabilizer. The saturation solubility of the loratadine nanocrystal was increased to 3.81, 3.22 and 2.57-fold that of the crude drug in water, pH 6.8 and pH 4.5 buffer respectively. Furthermore, the pharmacokinetic studies in rats revealed that the AUC (0-∞) of the nanocrystal tablets was 2.38-fold that of raw tablets and 1.94-fold that of commercial tablets, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The nanocrystal tablets could significantly improve the oral bioavailability of loratadine, which would also be a promising approach to enhance the solubility of insoluble drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yingping Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.,Sinopharm Zhijun (Shenzhen) Pharmaceutical Company, Shenzhen, China
| | - Mayinuer Aisha
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jingyan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongyun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fang Huang
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Minjie Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
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Zhang J, Corpstein CD, Li T. Intracellular uptake of nanocrystals: Probing with aggregation-induced emission of fluorescence and kinetic modeling. Acta Pharm Sin B 2021; 11:1021-1029. [PMID: 33996414 PMCID: PMC8105771 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2020.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanocrystal formulations have been explored to deliver poorly water-soluble drug molecules. Despite various studies of nanocrystal formulation and delivery, much more understanding needs to be gained into absorption mechanisms and kinetics of drug nanocrystals at various levels, ranging from cells to tissues and to the whole body. In this study, nanocrystals of tetrakis (4-hydroxyphenyl) ethylene (THPE) with an aggregation-induced emission (AIE) property was used as a model to explore intracellular absorption mechanism and dissolution kinetics of nanocrystals. Cellular uptake studies were conducted with KB cells and characterized by confocal microscopy, flow cytometry, and quantitative analyses. The results suggested that THPE nanocrystals could be taken up by KB cells directly, as well as in the form of dissolved molecules. The cellular uptake was found to be concentration- and time-dependent. In addition, the intracellular THPE also could be exocytosed from cells in forms of dissolved molecules and nanocrystals. Kinetic modeling was conducted to further understand the cellular mechanism of THPE nanocrystals based on first-order ordinary differential equations (ODEs). By fitting the kinetic model against experimental measurements, it was found that the initial nanocrystal concentration had a great influence on the dynamic process of dissolution, cellular uptake, and exocytosis of THPE nanocrystals. As the nanocrystal concentration increased in the culture media, dissolution of endocytosed nanocrystals became enhanced, subsequently driving the efflux of THPE molecules from cells. Nanocrystals of Tetrakis(4-hydroxyphenyl) ethylene (THPE), an aggregation-induced emission (AIE) probe was used as a model. THPE nanocrystals could be taken up in forms of dissolved molecules and nanocrystals. The dynamic process of dissolution, cellular uptake, and exocytosis of THPE nanocrystals was concentration-dependent. Exocytosis of intracellular THPE-NCs bore different kinetics and/or mechanisms compared with endocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jifen Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Clairissa D. Corpstein
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Tonglei Li
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Corresponding author.
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Application of Fundamental Techniques for Physicochemical Characterizations to Understand Post-Formulation Performance of Pharmaceutical Nanocrystalline Materials. CRYSTALS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst11030310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Nanocrystalline materials (NCM, i.e., crystalline nanoparticles) have become an important class of materials with great potential for applications ranging from drug delivery and electronics to optics. Drug nanocrystals (NC) and nano co-crystals (NCC) are examples of NCM with fascinating physicochemical properties and have attracted significant attention in drug delivery. NCM are categorized by advantageous properties, such as high drug-loading efficiency, good long-term physical stability, steady and predictable drug release, and long systemic circulation time. These properties make them excellent formulations for the efficient delivery of a variety of active pharmaceutical ingredients (API). In this review, we summarize the recent advances in drug NCM-based therapy options. Currently, there are three main methods to synthesize drug NCM, including top-down, bottom-up, and combination methods. The fundamental characterization methods of drug NCM are elaborated. Furthermore, the applications of these characterizations and their implications on the post-formulation performance of NCM are introduced.
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Abstract
Lamivudine (3TC) and zidovudine (AZT) are antiretroviral agents used to manage HIV/AIDS infection. A wet media milling top-down approach was used to develop and produce nano co-crystals of 3TC and AZT. Micro co-crystals were prepared by solvent evaporation and subsequently milled in the presence of two surfactants, viz., sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) and α-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol succinate 1000 (TPGS 1000). Optimisation was undertaken using design of experiments (DoE) and response surface methodology (RSM) to establish and identify parameters that may affect the manufacturing of nano co-crystals. The impact of SLS and TPGS 1000 concentration, milling time, and number of units of milling medium on the manufacturing of nano co-crystals, was investigated. The critical quality attributes (CQA) monitored were particle size (PS), Zeta potential (ZP), and polydispersity index (PDI). Powder X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, transmission electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy scanning electron microscopy, and cytotoxicity assays were used for additional characterization of the optimised nano co-crystal. The mean PS, PDI, and ZP of the optimised top-down nanocrystal were 271.0 ± 92.0 nm, 0.467 ± 0.073, and −41.9 ± 3.94 mV, respectively. In conclusion, a simple, inexpensive, rapid, and precise method of nano co-crystal manufacturing was developed, validated, and optimised using DoE and RSM, and the final product exhibited the target CQA.
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Zhai Z, Xu P, Yao J, Li R, Gong L, Yin Y, Lin Z. Erythrocyte-mimicking paclitaxel nanoparticles for improving biodistributions of hydrophobic drugs to enhance antitumor efficacy. Drug Deliv 2020; 27:387-399. [PMID: 32098525 PMCID: PMC7054973 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2020.1731862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent decades have witnessed several nanocrystal-based hydrophobic drug formulations because of their excellent performance in improving drug loading and controlling drug release as mediate drug forms in tablets or capsules. However, the intravenous administration of drug nanocrystals was usually hampered by their hydrophobic surface properties, causing short half-life time in circulation and low drug distribution in tumor. Here, we proposed to enclose nanocrystals (NC) of hydrophobic drug, such as paclitaxel (PTX) into erythrocyte membrane (EM). By a series of formulation optimizations, spherical PTX nanoparticles (PN) with the particle size of around 280 nm were successfully cloaked in erythrocyte membrane, resulting in a PTX-NP-EM (PNM) system. The PNM could achieve high drug loading of PTX (>60%) and stabilize the particle size significantly compared to PN alone. Besides, the fluorescence-labeling PNM presented better tumor cell uptake, stronger cytotoxicity, and higher drug accumulation in tumor compared to PN. Finally, the PNM was found to be the most effective against tumor growth among all PTX formulations in tumor-bearing mice models, with much lower system toxicity than control formulation. In general, the PNM system with high drug-loading as well as superior bio-distributions in vivo could be served as a promising formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Zhai
- Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Pengcheng Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Jun Yao
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics, Cancer Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Ridong Li
- Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Lidong Gong
- Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yuxin Yin
- Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiqiang Lin
- Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
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Bilgili E, Guner G. Mechanistic Modeling of Wet Stirred Media Milling for Production of Drug Nanosuspensions. AAPS PharmSciTech 2020; 22:2. [PMID: 33222036 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-020-01876-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug nanocrystals have been used for a wide range of drug delivery platforms in the pharmaceutical industry, especially for bioavailability enhancement of poorly water-soluble drugs. Wet stirred media milling (WSMM) is the most widely used process for producing dense, stable suspensions of drug nanoparticles, also referred to as nanosuspensions. Despite a plethora of review papers on the production and applications of drug nanosuspensions, modeling of WSMM has not been thoroughly covered in any review paper before. The aim of this review paper is to briefly expose the pharmaceutical scientists and engineers to various modeling approaches, mostly mechanistic, including computational fluid dynamics (CFD), discrete element method (DEM), population balance modeling (PBM), coupled methods, the stress intensity-number model (SI-SN model), and the microhydrodynamic (MHD) model with a main focus on the MHD model for studying the WSMM process. A total of 71 studies, 30 on drugs and 41 on other materials, were reviewed. Analysis of the pharmaceutics literature reveals that WSMM modeling is largely based on empirical, statistically based modeling approaches, and mechanistic modeling could help pharmaceutical engineers develop a fundamental process understanding. After a review of the salient features and various pros-cons of each modeling approach, recent advances in microhydrodynamic modeling and process insights gained therefrom were highlighted. The SI-SN and MHD models were analyzed and critiqued objectively. Finally, the review points out potential research directions such as more mechanistic and accurate CFD-DEM-PBM simulations and the coupling of the MHD-PBM models with the CFD.
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20
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Nanocrystals: Characterization Overview, Applications in Drug Delivery, and Their Toxicity Concerns. J Pharm Innov 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s12247-020-09499-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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21
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Wang X, Zhang L, Ma D, Tang X, Zhang Y, Yin T, Gou J, Wang Y, He H. Characterizing and Exploring the Differences in Dissolution and Stability Between Crystalline Solid Dispersion and Amorphous Solid Dispersion. AAPS PharmSciTech 2020; 21:262. [PMID: 32975680 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-020-01802-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Solid dispersion is one of the most effective ways to improve the dissolution of insoluble drugs. When the carrier can highly disperse the drug, it will increase the wettability of the drug and reduce the surface tension, thus improving the solubility, dissolution, and bioavailability. However, amorphous solid dispersions usually have low drug loading and poor stability. Therefore, the goal of this work is to study the increased dissolution and high stability of high drug-loading crystalline solid dispersion (CSD), and the difference in dissolution and stability of high-loading and low-loading amorphous solid dispersion (ASD). A CSD of nimodipine with a drug loading of 90% was prepared by wet milling, with hydroxypropyl cellulose (model: HPC-SL) and sodium dodecyl sulfate as stabilizers and spray drying. At the same time, the gradient drug-loaded ASD was prepared by hot melt extrusion with HPC-SL as the carrier. Each preparation was characterized by DSC, PXRD, FT-IR, SEM, and in vitro dissolution testing. The results indicated that the drug in CSD existed in a crystalline state. The amorphous drug molecules in the low drug-loading ASD were uniformly dispersed in the carrier, while the drug state in the high drug-loading ASD was aggregates of the amorphous drug. At the end of the dissolution assay, the 90% drug-loading CSD increased cumulative dissolution to 60%, and the 10% drug-loading ASD achieved a cumulative dissolution rate of 90%.
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Silindir-Gunay M, Karpuz M, Ozer AY. Targeted Alpha Therapy and Nanocarrier Approach. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2020; 35:446-458. [DOI: 10.1089/cbr.2019.3213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mine Silindir-Gunay
- Department of Radiopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Merve Karpuz
- Department of Radiopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Izmir Katip Celebi University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - A. Yekta Ozer
- Department of Radiopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
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Kumar M, Jha A, Dr M, Mishra B. Targeted drug nanocrystals for pulmonary delivery: a potential strategy for lung cancer therapy. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2020; 17:1459-1472. [PMID: 32684002 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2020.1798401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Lung cancer and metastases are major concerns worldwide. Although systemic chemotherapy is the recommended treatment, it is associated with various disadvantages, including nonselective drug distribution and systemic toxicity. In contrast, the pulmonary route ensures the localized delivery of drugs to the lung. Still, the pulmonary route is prone to clearance, limited drug dissolution, and local toxicity to healthy lung cells. Drug nanocrystals provide a potential strategy to enhance the therapeutic efficacy and mitigate the limitations of pulmonary delivery. AREAS COVERED The development and potential application of nanocrystals in pulmonary delivery, their role in overcoming associated barriers, and strategies for site-specific and stimuli-responsive pulmonary delivery are outlined. This review also traces different in-vitro pulmonary models for assessments of the performance of drug nanocrystals and nanocrystals loaded carriers in pulmonary delivery. EXPERT OPINION Enhanced stability, high aerosolization performance, better particle size distribution, improved penetration, sustained release of the drug, and minimal excipients usage makes drug nanocrystal an ideal candidate for pulmonary delivery. Besides, drug nanocrystals may provide selective cellular internalization with minimum clearance and maximum deposition. Furthermore, surface modified nanocrystals and nanocrystals in nanocarriers can exhibit a more prolonged, and site-specific release of the drug to cancer cells in the lungs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU) , Varanasi, India
| | - Abhishek Jha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU) , Varanasi, India
| | - Madhu Dr
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU) , Varanasi, India
| | - Brahmeshwar Mishra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU) , Varanasi, India
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Melo KJC, Henostroza MAB, Löbenberg R, Bou-Chacra NA. Rifampicin nanocrystals: Towards an innovative approach to treat tuberculosis. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2020; 112:110895. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.110895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Gujar K, Wairkar S. Nanocrystal technology for improving therapeutic efficacy of flavonoids. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 71:153240. [PMID: 32450461 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2020.153240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bioflavonoids, secondary metabolites of plants, are beneficial in regulating human physiological mechanisms. Bioflavonoids majorly exist in the dietary intake of fruits, vegetables, legumes, pulses, etc. In addition to their cardio-protective and neuroprotective activities, they also possess prominent pharmacological effects including anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-proliferative and anti-thrombogenic actions. However, therapeutic efficacy of the bioflavonoids is hampered by their lipophilic nature, low solubility and variable bioavailability which catch the eyes of formulation scientists. PURPOSE Nanocrystal formulations were studied for many bioflavonoids, although enough attention has not been given to their commercial exploitation, unlike drug nanocrystals. Nanocrystals of bioflavonoid can be prepared by top-down technique, bottom-up technique or combination of both. This review primarily focuses on nanocrystal technology for bioflavonoids, methods of production, critical process parameters, in vitro and in vivo studies conducted to evaluate the efficiency. METHOD The detailed literature survey was systematically carried out using different electronic databases. It includes Scopus, Web of Science, Medline via PubMed, EMBASE, and Google Scholar. Also up-to-date patent search was conducted to understand the prior art and available intellectual properties. RESULT AND CONCLUSION It was observed that several formulation and process parameters have an impact on flavonoids nanocrystals and their therapeutic efficacy. Also, clinical studies of flavonoid nanocrystals are barely done so far and thus, substantial safety and efficacy data is necessary for its commercial applications. Nevertheless, nanocrystals can be explored as a promising technology platform for improving overall therapeutic performance of flavonoids in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ketaki Gujar
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKMs NMIMS, V.L. Mehta Road, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai-400056, India
| | - Sarika Wairkar
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKMs NMIMS, V.L. Mehta Road, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai-400056, India.
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Karakucuk A, Celebi N. Investigation of Formulation and Process Parameters of Wet Media Milling to Develop Etodolac Nanosuspensions. Pharm Res 2020; 37:111. [PMID: 32476048 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-020-02815-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Etodolac (ETD) is one of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs which has low aqueous solubility issues. The objective of this study was to develop ETD nanosuspensions to improve its poor aqueous solubility properties while investigating formulation and process parameters of wet media milling method via design of experiment (DoE) approach. METHODS The critical formulation parameters (CFP) were selected as ETD amount, stabilizer type and ratio as well as critical process parameters (CPP) which were bead size, milling time and milling speed. The two-factorial-23 and The Box-Benkhen Designs were generated to evaluate CFP and CPP, respectively. Particle size (PS), polydispersity index (PDI) and zeta potential (ZP) were analyzed as dependent variables. Characterization, physical stability and solubility studies were performed. RESULTS Optimum nanosuspensions stabilized by PVP K30 and Poloxamer 188 showed 188.5 ± 1.6 and 279.3 ± 6.1 nm of PS, 0.161 ± 0.049 and 0.345 ± 0.007 PDI, 14.8 ± 0.3 and 16.5 ± 0.4 mV of ZP values, respectively. The thermal properties of ETD did not change after milling and lyophilization process regarding to DSC analysis. Also, the crystalline state of ETD was preserved. The morphology of particle was smooth and spherical on SEM. The dry-nanosuspensions stayed physically stable for six months at room temperature. The solubility of nanosuspensions increased up to 13.0-fold in comparison with micronized ETD. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, it is found that the poor solubility issue of ETD can be solved by nanosuspension. DoE approach provided benefits such as reducing number of experiments, saving time and improving final product quality by using wet media milling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alptug Karakucuk
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Gazi University, Etiler-Yenimahalle, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Nevin Celebi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Gazi University, Etiler-Yenimahalle, Ankara, Turkey
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Rahman HS, Othman HH, Hammadi NI, Yeap SK, Amin KM, Abdul Samad N, Alitheen NB. Novel Drug Delivery Systems for Loading of Natural Plant Extracts and Their Biomedical Applications. Int J Nanomedicine 2020; 15:2439-2483. [PMID: 32346289 PMCID: PMC7169473 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s227805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Many types of research have distinctly addressed the efficacy of natural plant metabolites used for human consumption both in cell culture and preclinical animal model systems. However, these in vitro and in vivo effects have not been able to be translated for clinical use because of several factors such as inefficient systemic delivery and bioavailability of promising agents that significantly contribute to this disconnection. Over the past decades, extraordinary advances have been made successfully on the development of novel drug delivery systems for encapsulation of plant active metabolites including organic, inorganic and hybrid nanoparticles. The advanced formulas are confirmed to have extraordinary benefits over conventional and previously used systems in the manner of solubility, bioavailability, toxicity, pharmacological activity, stability, distribution, sustained delivery, and both physical and chemical degradation. The current review highlights the development of novel nanocarrier for plant active compounds, their method of preparation, type of active ingredients, and their biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heshu Sulaiman Rahman
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Sulaimani, Sulaymaniyah46001, Republic of Iraq
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Komar University of Science and Technology, Sulaymaniyah, Republic of Iraq
| | - Hemn Hassan Othman
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Sulaimani, Sulaymaniyah46001, Republic of Iraq
| | - Nahidah Ibrahim Hammadi
- Department of Histology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Al-Anbar, Ramadi, Republic of Iraq
| | - Swee Keong Yeap
- China-ASEAN College of Marine Sciences, Xiamen University Malaysia, Sepang, Malaysia
| | - Kawa Mohammad Amin
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Sulaimani, Sulaymaniyah46001, Republic of Iraq
| | - Nozlena Abdul Samad
- Integrative Medicine Cluster, Institut Perubatan dan Pergigian Termaju (IPPT), Sains@BERTAM, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kepala Batas13200, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Noorjahan Banu Alitheen
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Bio-Molecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
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Uemoto Y, Kondo K, Niwa T. Cryo-milling with spherical crystalline cellulose beads: A contamination-free and safety conscious technology. Eur J Pharm Sci 2020; 143:105175. [PMID: 31809908 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2019.105175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 11/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Crystalline cellulose is a common inactive pharmaceutical additive. If this material can also be used to construct beads for the wet milling of pharmaceutical compounds, it could possibly address issues related to wear and contamination associated with zirconia and polyethylene beads. In this study, the model drug phenytoin was milled with spherical crystalline cellulose (SCC) in liquid nitrogen. The particle size of the milled product was found to be comparable to that obtained using zirconia beads, verifying the feasibility of using SCC beads for this purpose. Using a design of experiment approach, the bead amount, agitation speed, and milling time were all determined to have a significant effect on the milled particle size, giving a D50 value as low as 0.3 μm. No breakage of the SCC beads was observed during the milling process in durability tests under conditions that will degrade spherical D-mannitol beads, showing that this material exhibits sufficient durability. In addition, the variation in elastic modulus between beads was minimal. Because SCC is commercially available and easy to handle, the present wet milling technique is considered to have potential applications to the manufacture of pharmaceuticals on an industrial scale, as it shows sufficient milling capability and durability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshifumi Uemoto
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University,150 Yagotoyama, Tempaku-ku, Nagoya, 468-8503, Japan.
| | - Keita Kondo
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University,150 Yagotoyama, Tempaku-ku, Nagoya, 468-8503, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Niwa
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University,150 Yagotoyama, Tempaku-ku, Nagoya, 468-8503, Japan
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Rilpivirine-associated aggregation-induced emission enables cell-based nanoparticle tracking. Biomaterials 2019; 231:119669. [PMID: 31865227 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2019.119669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Revised: 11/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Antiretroviral therapy (ART) has improved the quality and duration of life for people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. However, limitations in drug efficacy, emergence of viral mutations and the paucity of cell-tissue targeting remain. We posit that to maximize ART potency and therapeutic outcomes newer drug formulations that reach HIV cellular reservoirs need be created. In a step towards achieving this goal we harnessed the aggregation-induced emission (AIE) property of the non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor rilpivirine (RPV) and used it as a platform for drug cell and subcellular tracking. RPV nanocrystals were created with endogenous AIE properties enabling the visualization of intracellular particles in cell and tissue-based assays. The intact drug crystals were easily detected in CD4+ T cells and macrophages, the natural viral target cells, by flow cytometry and ultraperformance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. We conclude that AIE can be harnessed to monitor cell biodistribution of selective antiretroviral drug nanocrystals.
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Wang K, Zhang H, Zhang J, Jia E, Zhu G. Prediction of immune factors and signaling pathways in lung injury induced by LPS based on network analysis. Saudi J Biol Sci 2019; 26:2068-2073. [PMID: 31889796 PMCID: PMC6923448 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2019.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To construct a regulatory network involved in acute lung injury, so as to provide a new theoretical basis and research ideas for studying the relationship between inflammatory factors and immune proteins to collectively regulate the occurrence of acute lung injury. Method By using Meta-analysis, GO, KEGG and other methods notarized and constructed the regulatory network pathways of cytokine cascade and lung injury induced by LPS. Results The result of Meta-analysis showed that the correlation between CD14, TNF-α, IL-6 gene and acute lung injury was statistically significant. GO analysis and KEGG analysis showed that acute lung injury contained CD14, TNF-α, IL-6 and other involved factors in the induced process of LPS, these inflammatory factors and immune proteins jointly regulate the process of disease development. Conclusion CD14 receptor is an important receptor involved in mediating LPS-activated cells, and is a high-affinity LPS receptor. LPS stimulates inflammatory effector cells to bind to LPS receptor- CD14 to activate intracellular signal cascade. Direct or indirect involvement of pathogenic factors enable cytokine caused by induction form a particularly complex network of cytokine regulatory pathways, of which the inflammatory factors TNF-α and IL-6 are simultaneously involved in LPS-mediated and CD14-mediated cytokine cascades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiwei Wang
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Henan Provincial International Coalition Laboratory of Basic Research on Anaesthetics and Pain, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Henan University, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - Haoran Zhang
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Henan Provincial International Coalition Laboratory of Basic Research on Anaesthetics and Pain, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Henan University, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - Jiaqiang Zhang
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Henan Provincial International Coalition Laboratory of Basic Research on Anaesthetics and Pain, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Henan University, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - Erju Jia
- Department of Anesthesia, Henan Provincial Yexian People's Hospital, Yexian 467200, China
| | - Guosong Zhu
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Henan Provincial International Coalition Laboratory of Basic Research on Anaesthetics and Pain, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Henan University, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450003, China
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Uemoto Y, Kondo K, Niwa T. Cryo-milling using a spherical sugar: Contamination-free media milling technology. Eur J Pharm Sci 2019; 136:104934. [PMID: 31125681 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2019.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/18/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Milling beads experience wear upon repeated use. And milling beads made of material that is safe when ingested have not yet been developed. The present report describes the development and characteristics of spherical d-mannitol (SDM) beads, which would be safe when ingested. The model drug phenytoin was dispersed in liquid nitrogen along with SDM and the materials were agitated at high speed. The effects of the amount of beads, agitation speed, and milling time on phenytoin particle size, yield, and bead fractures were investigated using a central composite experimental design. The diameter of milled phenytoin particles decreased significantly as the amount of SDM beads and agitation speed increased. In contrast, no difference was found in the diameter with milling time. Although the fractured SDM ratio increased slightly at higher agitation speeds, the SDM was not broken and was durable enough for milling. This milling technique was applicable not only to phenytoin but also to other drug substances. Bead durability and applicability indicated that SDM can be used as wet milling beads that are considered safe for use if ingested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshifumi Uemoto
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, 150 Yagotoyama, Tempaku-ku, Nagoya 468-8503, Japan.
| | - Keita Kondo
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, 150 Yagotoyama, Tempaku-ku, Nagoya 468-8503, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Niwa
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, 150 Yagotoyama, Tempaku-ku, Nagoya 468-8503, Japan
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Hagedorn M, Liebich L, Bögershausen A, Massing U, Hoffmann S, Mende S, Rischer M. Rapid development of API nano-formulations from screening to production combining dual centrifugation and wet agitator bead milling. Int J Pharm 2019; 565:187-198. [PMID: 31063837 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.04.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Various wet ball nanomilling-screening tools for poorly soluble APIs are available which differ in their milling principle, batch size and number of samples. Here, the transferability of results from screening (small to medium-scale) to pharmaceutical production (largescale) was investigated. Wet ball milling in a dual centrifuge (DC) (10-100 mg API, 40 samples in parallel) was used to identify stable nanoformulations. In addition different sized agitator bead mills were used for scale-up to industrial scales. DC-and small-scale agitator milling (AM) resulted in small and virtually identical API-particles. Additionally, similar API-particles were obtained using two different sized agitator bead mills (batch size 1.5 and 30 kg) and applying comparable specific grinding energies (SGE). The SGE used in the trials represents the grinding limit for this API-suspension. Using lower SGEs, AM results in larger API-particles. All used milling tools had no influence on the APIs crystal structure and wear of grinding media (Zr/Y) is low. The study confirmed the importance to choose the right formulation and process parameters, which positively affect grinding efficacy, particle size distribution and wear contamination. The excellent comparability of results obtained from DC-milling and AM significantly reduces the duration for successful and predictable formulation development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Hagedorn
- Losan Pharma GmbH, Otto-Hahn-Straße 13, 79395 Neuenburg am Rhein, Germany; Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Lehrstuhl für Pharmazeutische Technologie und Biopharmazie, Hermann-Herder-Straße 9, 79104 Freiburg i. Br., Germany.
| | - Lena Liebich
- Losan Pharma GmbH, Otto-Hahn-Straße 13, 79395 Neuenburg am Rhein, Germany.
| | | | - Ulrich Massing
- Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Lehrstuhl für Pharmazeutische Technologie und Biopharmazie, Hermann-Herder-Straße 9, 79104 Freiburg i. Br., Germany; Andreas Hettich GmbH & Co KG, Engesserstr. 4a, 79108 Freiburg Germany.
| | - Sven Hoffmann
- NETZSCH Vakumix GmbH, Zeppelinstrasse 1, 28844 Weyhe-Dreye, Germany.
| | - Stefan Mende
- NETZSCH-Feinmahltechnik GmbH, Sedanstraße 70, 95100 Selb, Germany.
| | - Matthias Rischer
- Losan Pharma GmbH, Otto-Hahn-Straße 13, 79395 Neuenburg am Rhein, Germany.
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Ali HSM, Hanafy AF, Alqurshi A. Engineering of solidified glyburide nanocrystals for tablet formulation via loading of carriers: downstream processing, characterization, and bioavailability. Int J Nanomedicine 2019; 14:1893-1906. [PMID: 30936692 PMCID: PMC6422418 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s194734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Presenting poorly water-soluble drugs as nanoparticles has shown to be an effective technique in enhancing drug dissolution rate, intrinsic solubility, and thus oral bioavailability. Nevertheless, working with nanoparticles introduces many challenges, one of which is their physical instability. Formulating nanoparticles into a solid dosage form may overcome such challenges and thus unlock the potential benefits of nanosizing. METHODS The current work investigates the possibility of developing a novel solid dosage form, with enhanced dissolution rate, whereby nanocrystals (~400 nm) of the class II Biopharmaceutical Classification System drug, glyburide (GBD) were fabricated through combined precipitation and homogenization procedures. Using a novel, but scalable, spraying technique, GBD nanocrystals were loaded onto commonly used tablet fillers, water-soluble lactose monohydrate (LAC), and water insoluble microcrystalline cellulose (MCC). Conventional tableting processes were then used to convert the powders generated into a tablet dosage form. RESULTS Studies of redispersibility showed considerable preservation of size characteristics of GBD nanocrystals during downstream processing with redispersibility indices of 105 and 118 for GBD-LAC and GBD-MCC, respectively. Characterization by differential scanning calorimetry, powder X-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy showed that the powders generated powders contained nanosized crystals of GBD which adhered to carrier surfaces. Powder flowability was characterized using Hausner ratio (HR) and Carr's index (CI). GBD-LAC-loaded particles exhibited poor flowability with CI and HR of 37.5% and 1.60, respectively, whilst GBD-MCC particles showed a slightly improved flowability with CI and HR of 26.47% and 1.36, respectively. The novel tablet dosage form met US Pharmacopeia specifications, including drug content, hardness, and friability. CONCLUSION Higher dissolution rates were observed from the nanocrystal-based tablets compared to the microsized and commercial drug formulations. Moreover, the novel nanocrystal tablet dosage forms showed enhanced in vivo performance with area under the plasma concentration- time curve in the first 24 hours values 1.97 and 2.24 times greater than that of marketed tablets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hany S M Ali
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, College of Pharmacy, Taibah University, Al-Madinah Al-Munawwarah, Saudi Arabia,
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt,
| | - Ahmed F Hanafy
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, College of Pharmacy, Taibah University, Al-Madinah Al-Munawwarah, Saudi Arabia,
- Research and Development Department, Al Andalous Pharmaceutical Industries, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Abdulmalik Alqurshi
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, College of Pharmacy, Taibah University, Al-Madinah Al-Munawwarah, Saudi Arabia,
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Mohammad IS, Hu H, Yin L, He W. Drug nanocrystals: Fabrication methods and promising therapeutic applications. Int J Pharm 2019; 562:187-202. [PMID: 30851386 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.02.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The drug nanocrystals (NCs) with unique physicochemical properties are now considered as a promising drug delivery system for poorly water-soluble drugs. So far >20 formulations of NCs have been approved in the market. In this review, we summarized recent advances of NCs with emphasis on their therapeutic applications based on administration route and disease states. At the end, we present a brief description of the future perspectives of NCs and their potential role as a promising drug delivery system. As a strategy for solubilization and bioavailability enhancement, the NCs have gained significant success. Besides this, the function of NCs is still far from developed. The emerging NC-based drug delivery approach would widen the applications of NCs in drug delivery and bio-medical field. Their in vitro and in vivo fate is extremely unclear; and the development of hybrid NCs with environment-sensitive fluorophores may assist to extend the scope of bio-imaging and provide better insight to their intracellular uptake kinetics, in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imran Shair Mohammad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, PR China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Haiyan Hu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Lifang Yin
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, PR China.
| | - Wei He
- Shanghai Dermatology Hospital, Shanghai 200443, PR China; Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, PR China.
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Abstract
AIM Albendazole (ABZ) is a broad-spectrum antiparasitic agent with poor aqueous solubility, which leads to poor/erratic bioavailability and therapeutic failures. Here, we aimed to produce a novel formulation of ABZ nanocrystals (ABZNC) and assess its pharmacokinetic performance in mice. Results/methodology: ABZNC were prepared by high-pressure homogenization and spray-drying processes. Redispersion capacity and solid yield were measured in order to obtain an optimized product. The final particle size was 415.69±7.40 nm and the solid yield was 72.32%. The pharmacokinetic parameters obtained in a mice model for ABZNC were enhanced (p < 0.05) with respect to the control formulation. CONCLUSION ABZNC with improved pharmacokinetic behavior were produced by a simple, inexpensive and potentially scalable methodology.
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Xie J, Luo Y, Liu Y, Ma Y, Yue P, Yang M. Novel redispersible nanosuspensions stabilized by co-processed nanocrystalline cellulose-sodium carboxymethyl starch for enhancing dissolution and oral bioavailability of baicalin. Int J Nanomedicine 2019; 14:353-369. [PMID: 30655668 PMCID: PMC6322498 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s184374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To improve the dissolution and bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs, novel nanosuspensions using co-processed nanocrystalline cellulose-sodium carboxymethyl starch (NCCS) as a synergetic stabilizer were first designed. METHODS Co-processed NCCS was prepared by means of homogenization. Poorly soluble baicalin (BCA) was used as a model drug. BCA nanosuspension (BCA-NS/NCCS) using co-processed NCCS as a dispersant was prepared via homogenization and further converted into the dried BCA nanosuspension particle (BCA-NP/NCCS) via spray drying. The influence of NCCS on the dispersion efficiency of BCA-NS/NCCS was investigated. Morphology and crystal characteristic of NCCS and BCA-NP were analyzed. The dissolution and bioavailability evaluation were performed to investigate the feasibility of NCCS as a stabilizer for BCA-NS/NCCS and BCA-NP. RESULTS The optimum 50% concentration of NCCS (nanocrystalline cellulose [NCC]:sodium carboxymethyl starch [SCS]=60:40) could be mostly beneficial for formation and stability of BCA-NS/NCCS. NCCS could completely prevent aggregation of BCA-NP during spray drying and enhance the redispersibility as well as dissolution of spray-dried BCA-NP, which might be attributed to "brick-concrete"-based barrier effect of NCCS and the swelling capacity of superdisintegrant SCS. The crystal state of NCC and BCA presented in BCA-NP/NCCS remained unchanged during the homogenization. The BCA-NP/NCCS exhibited a fast dissolution rate and significantly enhanced bioavailability of BCA. The AUC(0-∞) of the BCA-NP/NCCS (8,773.38±718.18 µg/L·h) was 2.01 times (P<0.05) as high as that of the crude BCA (4,354.61±451.28 µg/L·h). CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that novel surfactant-free nanosuspensions could be prepared using co-processed NCCS as a synergetic stabilizer and also provided a feasible strategy to improve the dissolution and oral bioavailability of poorly soluble drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Xie
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of TCM, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China,
| | - Yijing Luo
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of TCM, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China,
| | - Yang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of TCM, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China,
| | - Yueqin Ma
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of TCM, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China,
- Department of Pharmaceutics, 94th Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Nanchang, China
| | - Pengfei Yue
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of TCM, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China,
| | - Ming Yang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of TCM, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China,
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Joshi K, Chandra A, Jain K, Talegaonkar S. Nanocrystalization: An Emerging Technology to Enhance the Bioavailability of Poorly Soluble Drugs. Pharm Nanotechnol 2019; 7:259-278. [PMID: 30961518 PMCID: PMC6967137 DOI: 10.2174/2211738507666190405182524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Most of the active pharmaceutical ingredient used in the management of disease have poor water solubility and offer grueling problems in drug formulation development since low solubility is generally associated with poor dissolution characteristics which leads to poor oral bioavailability. The great challenge for the development of a pharmaceutical product is to create its new formulation and drug delivery system to limit solubility problems of existing drug candidate. Limited drug-loading capacity requires a large amount of carrier material to get appropriate encapsulation of the drug, which is another major challenge in the development of pharmaceutical product which could be resolved by developing nanocrystals (NCs). A significant research in the past few years has been done to develop NCs which helps in the delivery of poorly water soluble drugs via different routes. The technology could continue to thrive as a useful tool in pharmaceutical sciences for the improvement of drug solubility, absorption and bioavailability. Many crystalline compounds have pulled in incredible consideration much of the time, due to their ability to show good physical and chemical properties when contrasted with their amorphous counterparts. Nanocrystals have been proven to show atypical properties compared to the bulk. This review article explores the principles of the important nanocrystallization techniques including NCs characterization and its application.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Sushama Talegaonkar
- Address correspondence to this author at the Department of Pharmaceutics, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, Pushp Vihar Sec III, New Delhi-110017, India and Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi-62, India; Tel: 9818453518; E-mail:
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Jarvis M, Krishnan V, Mitragotri S. Nanocrystals: A perspective on translational research and clinical studies. Bioeng Transl Med 2019; 4:5-16. [PMID: 30680314 PMCID: PMC6336669 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Poorly soluble small molecules typically pose translational hurdles owing to their low solubility, low bioavailability, and formulation challenges. Nanocrystallization is a versatile method for salvaging poorly soluble drugs with the added benefit of a carrier-free delivery system. In this review, we provide a comprehensive analysis of nanocrystals with emphasis on their clinical translation. Additionally, the review sheds light on clinically approved nanocrystal drug products as well as those in development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Jarvis
- Dept. of BioengineeringRice UniversityHoustonTX 77030
| | - Vinu Krishnan
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied SciencesWyss Institute, Harvard UniversityCambridgeMA 02138
| | - Samir Mitragotri
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied SciencesWyss Institute, Harvard UniversityCambridgeMA 02138
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Peltonen L. Design Space and QbD Approach for Production of Drug Nanocrystals by Wet Media Milling Techniques. Pharmaceutics 2018; 10:E104. [PMID: 30044395 PMCID: PMC6161287 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics10030104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Revised: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug nanocrystals are nanosized solid drug particles, the most important application of which is the improvement of solubility properties of poorly soluble drug materials. Drug nanocrystals can be produced by many different techniques, but the mostly used are different kinds of media milling techniques; in milling, particle size of bulk sized drug material is decreased, with the aid of milling beads, to nanometer scale. Utilization of Quality by Design, QbD, approach in nanomilling improves the process-understanding of the system, and recently, the number of studies using the QbD approach in nanomilling has increased. In the QbD approach, the quality is built into the products and processes throughout the whole production chain. Definition of Critical Quality Attributes, CQAs, determines the targeted final product properties. CQAs are confirmed by setting Critical Process Parameters, CPPs, which include both process parameters but also input variables, like stabilizer amount or the solid state form of the drug. Finally, Design Space determines the limits in which CPPs should be in order to reach CQAs. This review discusses the milling process and process variables, CPPs, their impact on product properties, CQAs and challenges of the QbD approach in nanomilling studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leena Peltonen
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Drug Research Program, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, 00014 Helsinki, Finland.
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Bioavailability Enhancement of Poorly Water-Soluble Drugs via Nanocomposites: Formulation⁻Processing Aspects and Challenges. Pharmaceutics 2018; 10:pharmaceutics10030086. [PMID: 29986543 PMCID: PMC6160929 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics10030086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 07/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug nanoparticles embedded in a dispersant matrix as a secondary phase, i.e., drug-laden nanocomposites, offer a versatile delivery platform for enhancing the dissolution rate and bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drugs. Drug nanoparticles are prepared by top-down, bottom-up, or combinative approaches in the form of nanosuspensions, which are subsequently dried to prepare drug-laden nanocomposites. In this comprehensive review paper, the term “nanocomposites” is used in a broad context to cover drug nanoparticle-laden intermediate products in the form of powders, cakes, and extrudates, which can be incorporated into final oral solid dosages via standard pharmaceutical unit operations, as well as drug nanoparticle-laden strip films. The objective of this paper is to review studies from 2012⁻2017 in the field of drug-laden nanocomposites. After a brief overview of the various approaches used for preparing drug nanoparticles, the review covers drying processes and dispersant formulations used for the production of drug-laden nanocomposites, as well as various characterization methods including quiescent and agitated redispersion tests. Traditional dispersants such as soluble polymers, surfactants, other water-soluble dispersants, and water-insoluble dispersants, as well as novel dispersants such as wet-milled superdisintegrants, are covered. They exhibit various functionalities such as drug nanoparticle stabilization, mitigation of aggregation, formation of nanocomposite matrix⁻film, wettability enhancement, and matrix erosion/disintegration. Major challenges such as nanoparticle aggregation and poor redispersibility that cause inferior dissolution performance of the drug-laden nanocomposites are highlighted. Literature data are analyzed in terms of usage frequency of various drying processes and dispersant classes. We provide some engineering considerations in comparing drying processes, which could account for some of the diverging trends in academia vs. industrial practice. Overall, this review provides rationale and guidance for drying process selection and robust nanocomposite formulation development, with insights into the roles of various classes of dispersants.
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Design and synthesis of a novel multifunctional stabilizer for highly stable dl-tetrahydropalmatine nanosuspensions and in vitro study. APPLIED NANOSCIENCE 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s13204-018-0811-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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Abstract
The complexity of the structure and nature of the eye emanates a challenge for drug delivery to formulation scientists. Lower bioavailability concern of conventional ocular formulation provokes the interest of researchers in the development of novel drug delivery system. Nanotechnology-based formulations have been extensively investigated and found propitious in improving bioavailability of drugs by overcoming ocular barriers prevailing in the eye. The advent of nanocrystals helped in combating the problem of poorly soluble drugs specifically for oral and parenteral drug delivery and led to development of various marketed products. Nanocrystal-based formulations explored for ocular drug delivery have been found successful in achieving increase in retention time, bioavailability, and permeability of drugs across the corneal and conjunctival epithelium. In this review, we have highlighted the ocular physiology and barriers in drug delivery. A comparative analysis of various nanotechnology-based ocular formulations is done with their pros and cons. Consideration is also given to various methods of preparation of nanocrystals with their patented technology. This article highlights the success achieved in conquering various challenges of ocular delivery by the use of nanocrystals while emphasizing on its advantages and application for ocular formulation. The perspectives of nanocrystals as an emerging flipside to explore the frontiers of ocular drug delivery are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Om Prakash Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, S. G. Highway, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 382 481, India
| | - Viral Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, S. G. Highway, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 382 481, India
| | - Tejal Mehta
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, S. G. Highway, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 382 481, India.
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Narayan R, Pednekar A, Bhuyan D, Gowda C, Koteshwara KB, Nayak UY. A top-down technique to improve the solubility and bioavailability of aceclofenac: in vitro and in vivo studies. Int J Nanomedicine 2017; 12:4921-4935. [PMID: 28744125 PMCID: PMC5513828 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s141504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present work was to tackle the solubility issue of a biopharmaceutics classification system (BCS)-II drug, aceclofenac. Although a number of attempts to increase the aqueous solubility have been made, none of the methods were taken up for scale-up. Hence size reduction technique by a top-down approach using wet milling process was utilized to improve the solubility and, consequently, the dissolution velocity of aceclofenac. The quality of the final product was ensured by Quality by Design approach wherein the effects of critical material attributes and critical process parameters were assessed on the critical quality attributes (CQAs) of nanocrystals. Box–Behnken design was applied to evaluate these effects on critical quality attributes. The optimized nanocrystals had a particle size of 484.7±54.12 nm with a polydispersity index (PDI) of 0.108±0.009. The solid state characterization of the formulation revealed that the crystalline nature of the drug was slightly reduced after the milling process. With the reduced particle size, the solubility of the nanocrystals was found to increase in both water and 0.1 N HCl when compared with that of unmilled pure aceclofenac. These results were further supported by in vitro release studies of nanocrystals where an appreciable dissolution velocity with 100.07%±2.38% release was observed for aceclofenac nanocrystals compared with 47.66%±4.53% release for pure unmilled aceclofenac at the end of 2 h. The in vivo pharmacokinetic data generated showed a statistically significant increase in the Cmax for aceclofenac nanocrystals of 3.75±0.28 µg/mL (for pure unmilled aceclofenac Cmax was 1.96±0.17 µg/mL). The results obtained indicated that the developed nanocrystals of aceclofenac were successful in improving the solubility, thus the absorption and bioavailability of the drug. Hence, it may be a viable and cost-effective alternative to the current therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reema Narayan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal, India
| | - Abhyuday Pednekar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal, India
| | - Dipshikha Bhuyan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal, India.,Lupin Ltd. (Research Park), Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Chaitra Gowda
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal, India.,Micro Labs Ltd., Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - K B Koteshwara
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal, India
| | - Usha Yogendra Nayak
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal, India
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Paredes AJ, Llabot JM, Sánchez Bruni S, Allemandi D, Palma SD. Self-dispersible nanocrystals of albendazole produced by high pressure homogenization and spray-drying. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2016; 42:1564-70. [DOI: 10.3109/03639045.2016.1151036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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45
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Tuomela A, Laaksonen T, Laru J, Antikainen O, Kiesvaara J, Ilkka J, Oksala O, Rönkkö S, Järvinen K, Hirvonen J, Peltonen L. Solid formulations by a nanocrystal approach: critical process parameters regarding scale-ability of nanocrystals for tableting applications. Int J Pharm 2015; 485:77-86. [PMID: 25746735 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2015.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Revised: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Nanocrystallization is among the foremost drug delivery platform approaches for the commercial development of poorly soluble drugs. There exists an urge to enable a universal shift of the production of the solid nanocrystal formulations from laboratory scale to industrially feasible scale. The success of any formulation development depends on its transferability to large scale manufacture. The objectives of the study were to increase the nanocrystallization batch size and to screen and optimize parameters for industrially feasible itraconazole (ITC) and indomethacin (IND) nanocrystal composition for tablet formulation. Thus, ITC and IND were transformed into nanocrystal suspensions, using an increased batch size of a wet milling process, freeze-dried, and further developed into both direct compression (DC) and granulated (G) tableting masses. According to the investigated powder and tablet properties (true density, flowability, dose uniformity, maximum upper punch force, crushing strength, dissolution and disintegration) and stability testings, it was clear that the amount of the nanocrystals in the solid tablet formulation is critical in order to fully utilize the benefits of the nanocrystals, i.e., fast dissolution, and to produce high-quality tablets. The DC designs of both the model drugs with compositions including 40% of freeze-dried nanocrystalline drug powder outperformed the corresponding granulated tablets in all parameters after the stability surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika Tuomela
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Timo Laaksonen
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Johanna Laru
- Orion Pharma R&D, Formulation Research, Espoo, Finland
| | - Osmo Antikainen
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | | | | | - Seppo Rönkkö
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Kristiina Järvinen
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jouni Hirvonen
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Leena Peltonen
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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