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Aljuffali L, Faihan BinLebdah A, Alfaraj R, Alkhelb D, Alsabhan JF, Alanazi AZ, Alhazzani K. Closing the loop: Strengthening course quality of Pharm.D. program via applying a comprehensive four-step review approach. Saudi Pharm J 2024; 32:102151. [PMID: 39161743 PMCID: PMC11331930 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2024.102151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/21/2024] Open
Abstract
This study explores the course review process implemented by the College of Pharmacy at King Saud University for its Pharm.D. program. Through a qualitative research design, a dedicated course review committee was established to oversee the evaluation process. The committee gathered and analyzed data from various sources, including course reports, student evaluations, and exam center reports, to achieve a holistic understanding of each course's effectiveness. The evaluation process was structured into a Four-Step Course Evaluation Approach: data collection, data review and recommendations, taking appropriate action, and communicating the outcomes. The "closing the loop" stage ensured that recommendations were effectively implemented, and course evaluation data were systematically archived for future reference. The results of this study, based on the evaluation of 25 courses, revealed significant improvements in course quality, alignment with program learning outcomes, and adherence to accreditation standards. Key findings included the identification of gaps and discrepancies, leading to targeted interventions and enhanced course content. Overall, this study highlights the effectiveness of a structured course review process in enhancing the quality of education and ensuring continuous improvement within the college. The committee focuses on refining evaluation criteria, conducting workshops, and providing training to stay current with emerging accreditation standards and best practices. This systematic course review process demonstrates the College's commitment to providing high-quality education and preparing students for successful careers in pharmacy, with significant implications for the improvement of pharmacy education and the overall student learning experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lobna Aljuffali
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amjad Faihan BinLebdah
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rihaf Alfaraj
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dalal Alkhelb
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jawza F. Alsabhan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Z. Alanazi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid Alhazzani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Alnezary FS, Alzahrani F, Alatawi Y, Alhifany AA. Evaluating preceptorship during advanced pharmacy practice experiences in Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study. Saudi Pharm J 2024; 32:101970. [PMID: 38322148 PMCID: PMC10845055 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2024.101970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Doctor of Pharmacy (PharmD) programs offer students' academic coursework and Advanced Pharmacy Practice Experiences (APPEs). APPEs are crucial for students, providing hands-on training in practice settings and enhancing clinical skills and decision-making abilities. Nevertheless, successful APPEs relies mainly on preceptorship. Hence, this study aims to evaluate preceptorship during APPEs in one of the non-major cities in Saudi Arabia. Method A Cross-Sectional survey study was conducted among 40 PharmD students at Taibah University's College of Pharmacy which involved two telephone interviews conducted seven months apart. The survey instrument consisted of 46 questions divided into eight sections which covered various aspects such as demographics, clarity of rotation objectives, clinical and communication skills, assessment of the training and learning opportunities, preceptors' feedback and evaluation, interaction with patients, healthcare providers, and preceptors. Descriptive statistics and Cronbach's alpha coefficient were utilized to analyze the collected data and to assess the internal consistency of the multi-item Likert questions. Results Preceptors were predominantly male, aged 26-35, with extensive experience in pharmacy practice and mentorship, yet they lacked specialized post-graduate training or education certification. Almost 50% of the preceptors exhibited competence in pharmacotherapy-related science, demonstrated a willingness to teach students and acknowledged the students' knowledge and skills. Furthermore, most of the students reported understanding of the APPEs objectives as the internship progressed. However, only 15% of late rotation participants strongly agreed on the safety of the learning environment, adequate time and regular contact with their preceptors. Starkly, only 3.0% of early rotation students and 6.1% of late rotation students strongly agreed with the improvement of their written and verbal communications. Conclusion This study reported a noted decline in perceived learning support and environment safety as the APPEs' year progressed. Feedback and communication skills development were areas of concern, with limited satisfaction reported. The study highlights regional disparities in training quality, emphasizing the need for structured learning experiences and re-evaluation of preceptorship. Future research should aim to better understand the challenges associated with APPEs in non-major cities and rural areas, thereby making significant contributions to the enhancement of the pharmacy profession.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faris S. Alnezary
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, Taibah University, Madinah 41477, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad Alzahrani
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, Taibah University, Madinah 41477, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yasser Alatawi
- Pharmacy Practice Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah A. Alhifany
- Pharmaceutical Practices Department, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
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Mohammed MM, Rashid AA, Abbas AN. Perception and preference of pharmacy students toward e-learning during the COVID-19 pandemic. J Adv Pharm Technol Res 2023; 14:351-355. [PMID: 38107451 PMCID: PMC10723166 DOI: 10.4103/japtr.japtr_101_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
This study is designed to evaluate students' knowledge and perceptions about the online learning of pharmacy curricula in Iraq during the COVID-19 quarantine. A descriptive, cross-sectional study involving 278 pharmacy students was done between October 2020 and June 2021. About 42.44% preferred face-face lecturers over other modes of delivery for lectures in the pharmacy curriculum. Most participants preferred both active learning and face-face lectures. The results show that 72.66% of responders chose to stay at home as one of the privileges of e-learning. However, the main barriers that associated with e-learning were lack of patient involvement and some technical issues regarding IT equipment, (74.82%) and (62.23%), respectively. E-learning is seen as a lack of social presence, less social contact, and synchronization of connections. However, e-learning undoubtedly benefits students in several ways. Online learning is an essential podium for students to achieve their studies in periods of crisis.
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Alavudeen SS, Easwaran V, Khan NA, Venkatesan K, Paulsamy P, Mohammed Hussein AT, Imam MT, Almalki ZS, Akhtar MS. Cardiovascular Disease-Related Health Promotion and Prevention Services by Pharmacists in Saudi Arabia: How Well Are They Prepared? Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:healthcare11111614. [PMID: 37297754 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11111614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) have been identified as the leading reason for morbidity and mortality in Saudi Arabia. Pharmacists play a major role in CVD prevention and health promotion. We aimed to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and involvement of pharmacists in CVD prevention and evaluate the influence of continuing medical education in CVD-prevention services in Saudi Arabia. METHOD A cross-sectional study was conducted to evaluate the involvement of pharmacists in CVD-related prevention services along with their knowledge and attitudes. A 34-item questionnaire was developed and distributed among the participants. RESULTS A total of 324 responses were included in the study. More than 60% of pharmacists had provided counseling regarding the importance of healthy lifestyles and self-monitoring CVD risk factors. About half of the participants (49.1%) had never received any CVD-related continuing medical education. Overall, more than 60% of the participants reported positively towards their role in CVD prevention. Lack of time (66%) and lack of educational materials and tools (41%) were the top perceived barriers for providing CVD-prevention and health-promotion activities, followed by lack of skills in using tools (36%) and lack of privacy/space (33%). CONCLUSIONS The involvement of pharmacists in the prevention of CVD is limited in this study. Further education and capacity building are required to strengthen pharmacists' involvement in CVD-prevention and health-promotion activities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vigneshwaran Easwaran
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 62223, Saudi Arabia
| | - Noohu Abdulla Khan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 62223, Saudi Arabia
| | - Krishnaraju Venkatesan
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 62223, Saudi Arabia
| | - Premalatha Paulsamy
- College of Nursing, Mahalah Branch for Girls, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Mohammad Tarique Imam
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 16273, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ziyad Saeed Almalki
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 16273, Saudi Arabia
| | - Md Sayeed Akhtar
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 62223, Saudi Arabia
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Alqudah A, Al-Taani G, Handal D, Al Sharab R, Al Shreideh R, Al-Smadi A, Qnais E, Gammoh O. Factors Associated with Psychotropic Medications Literacy among Community Pharmacists. Medicina (B Aires) 2023; 59:medicina59030618. [PMID: 36984619 PMCID: PMC10056436 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59030618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and objectives: Community pharmacists play an important role in ensuring the patient’s adherence to medications, thus achieving therapeutic outcomes. The present study had two aims: to measure the extent of knowledge that community pharmacists had about psychotropic medications and to determine the factors associated with higher knowledge scores. Methods: A cross-sectional design was employed, using a structured online questionnaire. The study instrument assessed demographics, general practice characteristics related to psychotropics and a battery of factual questions that assessed the knowledge of pharmacists about psychotropic medications using closed-ended responses. A total knowledge score consisting of the sum of correct responses was calculated; the passing score was 75%. A total of 676 pharmacists completed the survey. Results: Only 20% passed the threshold score (75%) for the factual knowledge questions, and only (11.0%) were very comfortable with their knowledge of psychotropic agents. A total of 49.0% of the respondents felt that they had been adequately trained to counsel patients on psychotropic agents. According to the regression model, pharmacists who reported higher knowledge were more experienced (0.63, (0.26–1.0), p < 0.001), reported studying the topic in the pharmacy school (0.77 (0.27–1.26), p = 0.002) holding a Doctor of Pharmacy (Pharm D) degree (0.24 (0.05–0.43), p = 0.01), and reported a higher perceived knowledge (0.29 (0.01–0.38), p = 0.038). Conclusion: Community pharmacists reported poor knowledge of psychotropic medications, and continuous medical and professional education programs are mandatory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelrahim Alqudah
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Hashemite University, Zarqa P.O. Box 330127, Jordan
- Correspondence:
| | - Ghaith Al-Taani
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yarmouk University, Irbid P.O. Box 566, Jordan
| | - Daniel Handal
- Faculty of Psychology, Balqa’ Applied University, Al-Salt P.O. Box 19117, Jordan
| | - Rahaf Al Sharab
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yarmouk University, Irbid P.O. Box 566, Jordan
| | - Rawan Al Shreideh
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yarmouk University, Irbid P.O. Box 566, Jordan
| | - Ahmed Al-Smadi
- Department of Adult Health Nursing, Princess Salma Faculty of Nursing, Al al-Bayt University, Mafraq P.O. Box 25113, Jordan
| | - Esam Qnais
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, The Hashemite University, Zarqa P.O. Box 330127, Jordan
| | - Omar Gammoh
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yarmouk University, Irbid P.O. Box 566, Jordan
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Baecker D, Mai Dung DT, Pham-The H, Hai-Nam N. Comparison of the University Pharmacy Education Programs in Germany and Vietnam. PHARMACY 2022; 10:pharmacy10060146. [PMID: 36412822 PMCID: PMC9680449 DOI: 10.3390/pharmacy10060146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
During the global COVID pandemic, the importance of professionals in the health care sector has been put in a new light, including pharmacists. In this context, the focus is also on how pharmacists are trained in different countries. Through an exchange of pharmacy teaching staff from a German to a Vietnamese university, the pharmacy education programs in both countries were compared. Aspects such as access to studies, structure of studies, and further training opportunities were considered. Differences and similarities emerged. In both countries, students first acquire basic knowledge and then delve deeper into pharmaceutical content in main studies. There is, expectedly, a great overlap in the content of the courses. Overall, the education at Vietnamese universities seems to be more practice-oriented due to a large number of placements. This also allows a specialization, which can be pursued in Germany with self-interest after graduation. There, the preparation for everyday work in the community pharmacy is separated from the university by a mandatory practical year. For the future, efforts are being made in both countries to strengthen the importance of clinical pharmacy in the curriculum. To this end, the Vietnamese are taking their inspiration from abroad in many cases, including Germany.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Baecker
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Greifswald, Friedrich-Ludwig-Jahn-Straße 17, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-3834-420-4860
| | - Do Thi Mai Dung
- Hanoi University of Pharmacy, 13-15 Le Thanh Tong, Hoan Kiem, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam
| | - Hai Pham-The
- Hanoi University of Pharmacy, 13-15 Le Thanh Tong, Hoan Kiem, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Hai-Nam
- Hanoi University of Pharmacy, 13-15 Le Thanh Tong, Hoan Kiem, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam
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Alfaifi S, Bridges S, Arakawa N. Developing pharmacists' competencies in Saudi Arabia: A proposed national competency framework to support initial education and professional development. CURRENTS IN PHARMACY TEACHING & LEARNING 2022; 14:1256-1268. [PMID: 36280556 DOI: 10.1016/j.cptl.2022.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION With the currently accelerating changes in pharmacists' roles in Saudi Arabia, evidence-based developmental tools are required to guide initial pharmacy education and define competencies for early career (foundation level) pharmacists' progression. This study aimed to develop a profession-wide competency framework for foundation level pharmacists in Saudi Arabia using the International Pharmaceutical Federation (FIP) Global Competency Framework (GbCF) as the source framework. METHODS An online nominal group technique was used to develop consensus on a profession-wide national competency framework in Saudi Arabia. Purposive sampling was used to recruit experts from local various pharmacy sectors. A combination of self-administered surveys and online meetings was used to measure and develop consensus. The survey items were adopted from the FIP GbCF version 2. RESULTS Nine pharmacy experts participated in five iterative rounds of consensus measurement and development between July and November 2021. Consensus was achieved on appropriateness to Saudi pharmacy practice for all the behaviours in the "Pharmaceutical Public Health," "Pharmaceutical Care," and "Professional/Personal" clusters. The "Organisation and Management" cluster caused most differences of opinion. The final consensus generated a list of 125 behavioural statements for inclusion in the national competency framework. CONCLUSION This study proposes the first competency framework for foundation level pharmacists in Saudi Arabia. The developed framework represents a consensus on competencies for foundation level pharmacists working across all pharmacy sectors and is eligible for supporting further improvement of initial pharmacy education and support excellence in pharmacists' performance to address the country's needs from pharmaceutical services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salihah Alfaifi
- School of Pharmacy, University Park, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom; College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Stephanie Bridges
- School of Pharmacy, University Park, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom.
| | - Naoko Arakawa
- School of Pharmacy, University Park, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom.
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Pharmacy Practice Research in Saudi Arabia; A Bibliometrics Analysis from (2000 to 2021). Saudi Pharm J 2022; 30:1003-1008. [PMID: 35903526 PMCID: PMC9315255 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2022.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pharmacy is a growing profession in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia which has experienced tremendous changes in the past 20 years. Pharmacy practice or clinical pharmacy have an attention ever since the emerging of PharmD programs throughout the Saudi universities. As a result, the number of affiliated faculty in the pharmacy practice departments has increased dramatically in the past 20 years and thus significant changes in research output were observed. Objectives The main objective is to conduct a bibliometric analysis and evaluate the research output of pharmacy practice faculty in Saudi Universities from 2000 to 2021 Methods A systematic search was conducted using Scopus database to explore the research output from pharmacy practice affiliated faculty from 2000 to 2021. The following search terms AFFILORG (“Pharmacy Practice Department” OR “Department of Pharmacy practice” OR “Clinical Pharmacy Department” OR “Department of Clinical Pharmacy” OR “Department of Pharmacy Services”) AND AFFILCOUNTRY (“Saudi Arabia” OR “KSA” OR “Kingdom of Saudi Arabia”) were used. Only original research papers were retrieved and analyzed using MS Excel (v16.0), MS Access (v16.0), Bibexcel (v2017), VOS viewer, and Biblioshiny. Results In the past two decades, most publications with pharmacy practice departments affiliation were pharmacy practice research irrelevant (only 1075 out of 2809). King Saud University and King Abdulaziz University were the top performing institutes, and median of 5-year impact factor for journals was more than 3 for most of the top 10 institutes. 19% of the total retrieved articles were review publications were the rest majorly classified as cross-sectional studies. Conclusion The research contribution of pharmacy practice departments in Saudi Arabia has been improving. Key recommendations are to promote more applied and interventional research, increase publications in top journals, and enhance national collaborations.
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Ibrahim Fathelrahman A, Alrobaian M, Mohammad Altowayan W, Maghrabi I, Asiri YA. Pharmacy education in Saudi Arabia: Achievements and challenges during the last two decades with a focus on Taif University as a case study. Saudi Pharm J 2022; 30:649-654. [PMID: 35812147 PMCID: PMC9257849 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2022.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Basic expectation from graduates of any pharmacy program is to be able to provide pharmaceutical care at both patients and community levels, be able to solve problems arising during practice, be able to improve quality and outcomes of the services provided continuously and be able to respond effectively to patients and community changing needs. Pharmacy education in Saudi Arabia established in 1959 by founding the first college in Riyadh (King Saud University) followed by establishing two pharmacy colleges in Jeddah (King Abdulaziz University, 2001) and Abha (King Khalid University, 2001), then a college in Al Ahsa (King Faisal University, 2002), followed by four colleges three-years later in each of Buraydah (Qassim University, 2005), Madinah (Taibah University, 2005), Taif (Taif University, 2005) and Makkah (Umm Al-Qura University, 2005). Up to date the number of pharmacy colleges offering basic degrees in pharmacy are 21 governmental and eight privates. This review describes pharmacy education in Saudi Arabia, the historical perspective, current situation, and the important features. The report focuses on the changes during the last two decades covering three main aspects (1) Clinical education and training, (2) Research output, and (3) Quality and accreditation.
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Alfaifi S, Arakawa N, Bridges S. The relevance of the International Pharmaceutical Federation Global Competency Framework in developing a country-level competency framework for pharmacists: A cross-sectional study. EXPLORATORY RESEARCH IN CLINICAL AND SOCIAL PHARMACY 2022; 5:100095. [PMID: 35478515 PMCID: PMC9030276 DOI: 10.1016/j.rcsop.2021.100095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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Almansour HA, Aloudah NM, Alhawassi TM, Chaar B, Krass I, Saini B. Physicians' views on cardiovascular disease risk prevention services by pharmacists and potential for collaboration. EXPLORATORY RESEARCH IN CLINICAL AND SOCIAL PHARMACY 2021; 4:100077. [PMID: 35479842 PMCID: PMC9029915 DOI: 10.1016/j.rcsop.2021.100077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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Sweileh WM. Contribution of faculties of pharmacy in Arab countries to pharmacy practice research: a bibliometric analysis (1990-2020). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACY PRACTICE 2021; 29:622-632. [PMID: 34355755 DOI: 10.1093/ijpp/riab051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To provide an overview of pharmacy practice research by faculties of pharmacy in the Arab region using a bibliometric methodology. METHOD Relevant articles were retrieved from SciVerse Scopus. The search strategy was developed to retrieve all articles published in pharmacy practice journals and those with specific keywords such as 'clinical pharmacy', 'community pharmacy', 'hospital pharmacy', 'pharmacy education' and 'pharmacy practice'. The country affiliation function was used to limit the results to the Arab region. KEY FINDINGS The search strategy found 1496 articles authored by 8210 researchers and disseminated through 337 journals. Research on pharmacy practice produced by faculties of pharmacy in the Arab region (1) has experienced a steep growth over the last decade; (2) is mainly published by scholars in Saudi Arabia, Jordan, Qatar and the United Arab Emirates; (3) has benefited from non-Arab scholars affiliated with faculties of pharmacy in the Arab Gulf; (4) has benefited from international collaborations, specifically with researchers in the UK and Malaysia; (5) has mainly addressed seven research topics: adverse drug reactions and pharmacovigilance, medication adherence, self-medication, patient counselling, pharmacy education, perception of physicians towards pharmacists; (6) has shown a relationship between institutional funding and research output and (7) has shown the highest number of readers for topics related to polypharmacy, over-the-counter medications, self-medications, medication adherence and pharmacist intervention in disease management. CONCLUSION Pharmacy practice research in Arab countries has witnessed a steep rise in the last decade, partially due to international research collaboration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waleed M Sweileh
- Department of Physiology, Pharmacology/Toxicology, Division of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
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Almansour HA, Aloudah NM, Alhawassi TM, Chaar B, Krass I, Saini B. Cardiovascular disease risk prevention services by pharmacists in Saudi Arabia: what do policymakers and opinion leaders think? J Pharm Policy Pract 2021; 14:42. [PMID: 33958004 PMCID: PMC8100751 DOI: 10.1186/s40545-021-00319-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is an emerging contributor to national morbidity and mortality in Saudi Arabia. CVD risk prevention services are limited, particularly with an over-utilised public health sector and an under-utilised and under-resourced primary care sector. Globally, there is evidence that community pharmacists can play a key role in CVD prevention within primary care. However, the perspectives of policymakers and opinion leaders are critical to successful translation of evidence into practice. Thus, the aim was to engage policymakers and professional leaders in discussions about implementing high-quality CVD risk prevention services in community pharmacy. Methods Qualitative semi-structured interviews were conducted, audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. All transcripts were thematically analysed. Results A total of 23 participants (87% male) from government and non-government sectors were interviewed. Of these, almost 65% had pharmacy qualifications. Limited provision of CVD risks preventative services in primary care was acknowledged by most participants and building community pharmacists’ capacity to assist in preventive health services was viewed favourably as one way of improving the status quo. The data yielded four key themes: (1) future pharmacy CVD health service models; (2) demonstrable outcomes; (3) professional engagement and advocacy; and (4) implementability. CVD health services roles (health screening, primary and secondary prevention services), pragmatic factors and tiered models of care (minimal, medium, and comprehensive pharmacist involvement) were discussed. The need for humanistic, clinical, and cost effectiveness outcomes to be demonstrated and active involvement of professional bodies were deemed important for such services to be sustainable. Professional pharmacy governance to develop pharmacy careers and workforce, pharmacy curricular reform and ongoing education were posed as key success factors for novel pharmacy roles. Practice policies, standards, and guidelines were seen as required to adhere to stringent quality control for future pharmacy services provision. Participant’s implementation vision for such services included scalability, affordability, access, adoption and health system reform. Most discussions focused on the need for structural improvement with limited input regarding processes or outcomes required to establish such models. Conclusions Most participants favoured pharmacy-based CVD risk prevention services, despite the variability in proposed service models. However, prior to developing such services, support structures at the health system and health professional level are needed as well as building public support and acceptability for pharmacy services. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40545-021-00319-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadi A Almansour
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Building Number A15, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.
| | - Nouf M Aloudah
- College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tariq M Alhawassi
- College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Medication Safety Research Chair, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Betty Chaar
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Building Number A15, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Ines Krass
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Building Number A15, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Bandana Saini
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Building Number A15, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.,Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Almohammed OA, Alotaibi LH, Ibn Malik SA. Student and educator perspectives on virtual institutional introductory pharmacy practice experience (IPPE). BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2021; 21:257. [PMID: 33947366 PMCID: PMC8093586 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-021-02698-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic has required governments around the world to suspend face-to-face learning for school and university students. Colleges of pharmacy are faced with the challenge of training students in hospitals that are under considerable pressure at this time. The government of Saudi Arabia has moved all classes and training online to limit the spread of the virus. This study describes the experience of the Introductory and Advanced Pharmacy Practice Experience (IPPE and APPE) students and preceptors engaged in the virtual IPPE training. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted to describe and appraise the implemented virtual IPPE training from the experiences of IPPE and APPE students, and their preceptor. The IPPE students described their experiences in close-ended questionnaires, while APPE students in open-ended questionnaires, and the preceptor described the experiences in narrative. The study focused on highlighting the advantages, opportunities, challenges, and shortcomings of the virtual training. RESULTS Two preceptors and seven APPE students participated in the preparation and administration of the virtual training. The IPPE students' experiences, based on 87 respondents, were mostly positive. Although IPPE students enjoyed the time flexibility that allowed the learning of new skills and reflection on previous experiences, 15% experienced difficulty finding quiet places with a reliable internet connection or had difficulty working on team-based activities. Moreover, some were anxious about the lack of adequate patient-care experience. On the other hand, the APPE students found the experience enriching as they gained experience and understanding of academic workflow, gained skills, and overcame the challenges they faced during this virtual training experience. CONCLUSIONS Future training programs should be organized to overcome the challenges and to maximize the benefits of training experiences. Schools of pharmacy may benefit from the training materials constructed, prepared, and administered by APPE students to improve IPPE students' learning experiences and outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar A Almohammed
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Lama H Alotaibi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shatha A Ibn Malik
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
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A Cross-Sectional Study on Pharmacy Students' Career Choices in the Light of Saudi Vision 2030: Will Community Pharmacy Continue to Be the Most Promising, but Least Preferred, Sector? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18094589. [PMID: 33926047 PMCID: PMC8123572 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18094589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The Saudi Arabian healthcare divisions that recruit and hire pharmacists include hospital pharmacy, community pharmacies, universities, and research centres. Local studies showed that hospital pharmacy is the most preferred sector, while community pharmacy is the least preferred. However, jobs in hospital pharmacy are limited compared to community pharmacy. Hence, to accommodate the increasing numbers of pharmacy graduates and to facilitate the implementation of Saudi Vision 2030, which promotes primary healthcare and the participation of both private and non-governmental organisations in healthcare delivery, community pharmacy ought to be Saudised. This study was conducted to assess the career choices made by Saudi pharmacy students and the enablers that influence their career choice, especially in community pharmacy. METHODS A prospective cross-sectional approach was used. A total of 437 final year pharmacy students were recruited from 15 pharmacy schools around the country. RESULTS Salary and advancement opportunities as well as geographical location, benefits, and work environment were found to be "very important" enablers when making career decisions. Hospital pharmacy was selected as the most preferred sector by 242 (55.4%) of the participants, while community pharmacy was the least favoured pharmacy sector (17% or 6.2%). The enablers that might influence the consideration of a job in community pharmacy included career aspiration and social accountability. On the other hand, the barriers were personal beliefs about the sector and the nature of the work. CONCLUSIONS The community pharmacy sector was found to be the least preferred sector to work in. The study revealed a list of enablers that the participants found to be relevant or of high relevance when choosing community pharmacy as a career pathway. Some of the enablers contribute to the role of the pharmacist towards the local community, social accountability, and towards the country's Vision, such as interaction with the general public and educating them. Other enablers are related to the pharmacists' career aspirations, such as owning a business. Some of the barriers that were found relevant include high workload, inflexible working hours, and limited opportunities for professional development. Localisation of community pharmacies would help to create more jobs for national pharmacists, increase the participation of female pharmacists in the workforce and support the achievement of Vision 2030. The barriers should be tackled on several levels: undergraduate curriculum, regulatory, and actual practice. Undergraduate education needs to include primary pharmaceutical care services in its curriculum. Regulatory changes include enforcing the renationalisation of the community pharmacy sector and permitting females to work in community pharmacies without location restrictions.
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Mohammed E, Khanal S, Jalal Z, Cheema E, Abutaleb MH, Paudyal V. Perceived barriers and facilitators to uptake of non-traditional roles by pharmacists in Saudi Arabia and implications for COVID-19 pandemic and beyond: a qualitative study using Theoretical Domain Framework. J Pharm Policy Pract 2021; 14:25. [PMID: 33627172 PMCID: PMC7903212 DOI: 10.1186/s40545-021-00307-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The COVID-19 pandemic has further strengthened the need for pharmacists to uptake non-traditional roles. Pharmacy practice in Saudi Arabia is emerging in recent years with greater policy emphasis on pharmacists taking new clinical roles. This study aimed to explore the experiences, perceptions and barriers of Saudi pharmacists about their uptake of non-traditional roles using Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF). Methods A qualitative semi-structured study using face-to-face or telephone interviews were conducted. Eligible participants included qualified pharmacists from Saudi Arabia. Interviews focused on pharmacist’s perceptions, current opportunities and key challenges towards the uptake of non-traditional roles. Interviews were audiotaped and transcribed verbatim. Results were analysed through the framework analysis method and were later mapped with respective domains of TDF. Results A total of 14 pharmacists completed the interview (9 females and 5 males). Participants showed an overall positive attitude towards the uptake of non-traditional roles. Participants felt that there was wider support available for pharmacists at the policy level to uptake non-traditional roles. However, a need for greater recognition of roles by other healthcare professionals and patients were identified. Participants alluded to reluctance of some physicians to take on board the suggestions from a pharmacist. Key barriers to uptake of non-traditional roles were related to environmental context and resources domain of TDF. For example, participants discussed the need for even further practical experiences during their undergraduate degree to become ready to adopt non-traditional roles in clinical practice. Conclusions Participants of this theoretically informed qualitative study showed an overall positive attitude towards the way pharmacy practice is progressing in Saudi Arabia and their uptake of non-traditional roles. However, there is a need to improve interdisciplinary working, patient awareness of pharmacist competencies and their educational preparedness in furthering their uptake of non-traditional roles. Addressing such barriers and promoting uptake of novel roles by pharmacists is imperative in the context of emerging COVID-19 and future pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eeman Mohammed
- School of Pharmacy, Institute of Clinical Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Sir Robert Aitken Institute for Medical Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Saval Khanal
- Behavioral Science Group, Warwick Business School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Zahraa Jalal
- School of Pharmacy, Institute of Clinical Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Sir Robert Aitken Institute for Medical Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Ejaz Cheema
- School of Pharmacy, Institute of Clinical Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Sir Robert Aitken Institute for Medical Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Mohammed H Abutaleb
- Pharmacy Department, King Fahad Central Hospital-Jazan Health Affairs, Ministry of Health, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Vibhu Paudyal
- School of Pharmacy, Institute of Clinical Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Sir Robert Aitken Institute for Medical Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
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Ajabnoor AM, Cooper RJ. Pharmacists' Prescribing in Saudi Arabia: Cross-Sectional Study Describing Current Practices and Future Perspectives. PHARMACY 2020; 8:pharmacy8030160. [PMID: 32887315 PMCID: PMC7559103 DOI: 10.3390/pharmacy8030160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pharmacist prescribing is being increasingly undertaken to better use their skills and reduce the workload of existing prescribers such as doctors, often using formal processes to legitimate these activities. In developing countries like Saudi Arabia, however, pharmacists' prescribing remains informal with no legislation or formal training and there is a lack of research and understanding into such practices. Therefore, we aimed to describe current pharmacist prescribing practices in Saudi Arabia and explore pharmacists' views about pharmacists' prescribing. This is a cross-sectional survey study using an online questionnaire of hospital pharmacists in Saudi Arabia about pharmacists' prescribing, and associated views about prescribing legislation and barriers to implementing pharmacist prescribing. Over a quarter (28.5%) of pharmacists reported themselves as prescribers, 49% were following a collaborative prescribing model, 18% independent prescribing, and 33% were doing both. Ninety percent of prescribers reported confidence in prescribing the appropriate treatment and 92.3% perceived they will benefit from more prescribing training. Healthcare practice culture and pharmacist's competency were identified as barriers. There is an overall support for pharmacists' prescribing in Saudi Arabia among this sample of hospital pharmacists, with limitations in resources and the absence of standardized prescribing training being perceived as key barriers to pharmacists' prescribing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyaa M. Ajabnoor
- Pharmacy Practice Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. BOX 80324, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence:
| | - Richard J. Cooper
- School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 4DA, UK;
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Korayem GB, Alboghdadly AM. Integrating simulation into advanced pharmacy practice experience curriculum: An innovative approach to training. Saudi Pharm J 2020; 28:837-843. [PMID: 32647485 PMCID: PMC7335712 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2020.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The use of simulation-based education (SBE) in pharmacy education can help students acquire the essential clinical knowledge and skills for practice and can enhance patients' safety. Simulation-based training has been implemented in inter-professional education training, introductory pharmacy practice experiences, pharmacy residency training. Still, there is limited information in the literature that assesses the use of simulation in advanced pharmacy practice experience (APPE). Objective To evaluate the impact of integrating SBE into APPE on students' learning outcomes, training costs, and satisfaction. Method This study presents a new training model of a 5-week clerkship experience where sixth-year pharmacy students alternate between hospital wards and simulation rooms. Student assessment rubrics were used to measure students’ achievements and report faculty feedback. Students filled scenario evaluation forms to assess their simulation satisfaction rate. Results A total of 57 students completed a full block of simulation-based, followed by hospital-based blocks practicing in the same medical specialty in both blocks. This newly structured experience provided fourteen direct patient care training seats per rotation and saved around 25,000 Saudi Riyals per rotation. The mean grades in both simulation and hospital-based blocks were mostly above 90% in all learning outcomes. Cognitive skills and affect learning outcomes mean grades were higher in the simulation-based group—most of the students being satisfied with the simulation scenarios. Conclusion SBE integration into APPE can supplement hospital-based experiential training to achieve the best learning outcomes with improved students' satisfaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghazwa B Korayem
- Pharmacy Practice Department, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amany M Alboghdadly
- Pharmacy Practice Department, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Saudi Arabia
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Badreldin HA, Alosaimy S, Al‐jedai A. Clinical pharmacy practice in Saudi Arabia: Historical evolution and future perspective. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF CLINICAL PHARMACY 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/jac5.1239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hisham A. Badreldin
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences Riyadh Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Pharmaceutical Care Services King Abdulaziz Medical City Riyadh Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center Riyadh Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Sara Alosaimy
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy King Saud University Riyadh Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- College of Pharmacy Wayne State University Detroit Michigan United States
| | - Ahmed Al‐jedai
- Therapeutic Affairs Deputyship Ministry of Health Riyadh Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Colleges of Medicine and Pharmacy Al‐Faisal University Riyadh Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Pharmaceutical Care Division, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center Riyadh Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Balkhi B, Alghamdi A, Alhossan A, Alhamami A, Asiri YA. Pharmacy students attitude and perception toward working in community pharmacy in Saudi Arabia. Saudi Pharm J 2020; 28:397-402. [PMID: 32273797 PMCID: PMC7132600 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2020.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The objective of this study is to determine the level of attitude and perception of Saudi pharmacy students toward working in community pharmacies after graduation and to assess cultural, educational, and job related barriers and limitations that interfere with students and community pharmacy as a favorable workplace. Methods A cross sectional questionnaire, was mailed to a random sample of 600 pharmacy students. It included questions on students' future careers, ideal environment and barriers that might face them in community pharmacy. Results Four hundreds and twelve (412) completed the survey (response rate was 69%). Mean age was 23 years and 51.2% of respondents were female. Our results revealed low responses toward how interested they are to work in community pharmacy. The study response showed that improvement in salary and money incomes (46%) and culture and society issue (45%) are the two main barrier to make the career in community pharmacy more attractive. Conclusions Saudi pharmacy students had a negative attitudes and insufficient knowledge about community pharmacy. Pharmacy school would have an important role to fill the knowledge gap and prepare the student to work in the community pharmacy. In order to successfully “Saudization” the community pharmacy setting, efforts should be made to overcome their perceived barriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bander Balkhi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Alghamdi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz Alhossan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia
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Kabel AM, Bakr MM, Alshanbari AM, Alwagdani SM, Altalhi HA, Alzaidi SH, Altowairqi MH. Perceptions and Attitudes Towards Clinical Pharmacy Services and Their Impact on The Management of Cancer in Taif, Saudi Arabia. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2020; 21:531-538. [PMID: 32102535 PMCID: PMC7332119 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2020.21.2.531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: To assess the perception and attitude of HCPs and health-related science colleges’ students regarding the clinical pharmacists’ roles and responsibilities in providing better pharmaceutical care to patients in Taif, Saudi Arabia and to detect its impact on management of cancer. Methods: This study was conducted in four randomly selected hospitals in Taif and three health-related science colleges in Taif University. A questionnaire was distributed to HCPs and another questionnaire to students of health-related science colleges. Results: Three quarters of students perceived that the clinical pharmacist is an important part of the healthcare team. Two-thirds of HCPs expressed confidence in the ability of clinical pharmacists to minimize medication errors. Although two-thirds of HCPs reported that they did not have clinical pharmacists in their institutions, there was substantial willingness among HCPs to cooperate with the clinical pharmacists. Most HCPs expressed the view that the clinical pharmacist is an important integral part of the healthcare team and has a positive impact on cancer management. Conclusion: HCPs and students of health-related science colleges valued the role of clinical pharmacists in healthcare delivery and management of cancer. However, new developments in clinical pharmacy services in Taif hospitals are recommended to improve perception and attitudes towards the clinical pharmacy services. Also, well-organized programs should be conducted to students of health-related science colleges to improve their perceptions and attitudes towards the clinical pharmacy services which may have a positive impact on cancer management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M Kabel
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Morouj M Bakr
- Pharm D, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Hanan A Altalhi
- Pharm D, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shayma H Alzaidi
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia.,PharmD candidate, Medical University of South Carolina, USA
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Sweileh WM, Al-Jabi SW, Zyoud SH, Sawalha AF. Bibliometric analysis of literature in pharmacy education: 2000-2016. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACY PRACTICE 2018; 26:541-549. [PMID: 29315940 DOI: 10.1111/ijpp.12429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Improving pharmacy education requires continuous research to optimize education and consequently pharmacy practice. The goal of this study is to assess national and international contributions to pharmacy education research and present results in comparative bibliometric format. METHODS Search strategy based on journal name and specific keywords pertaining to pharmacy education were used to retrieve the worldwide literature in pharmacy education using Scopus database during the period from 2000 to 2016. Bibliometric indicators were presented as top 10 list of countries, institutions and authors. VOSviewer was used to visualize international collaboration, while ArcMap10.1 software was used for geographical mapping of publications. KEY FINDINGS A total of 5363 documents, mostly as research articles (4027; 75.1%), were retrieved. A noticeable increase in publications was seen from 2007 to 2011. The USA contributed to more than half (53.6%) of worldwide research output. Saudi Arabia had the highest percentage of international authors representing international collaboration. There was an increase in multi-authored publications with time. The American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education (AJPE) ranked first (2822, 52.6%) while the American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy (AACP) had the largest research output with 141 (2.6%) publications. The vast majority of highly cited articles were published in AJPE, and highly cited topics included the use of social media in pharmacy education and the multi-professional learning experience. CONCLUSION Pharmacy education research is gaining momentum and is addressing various fields in education. Research in pharmacy education should be encouraged, particularly in developing countries, where education and practice are still lagging behind.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waleed M Sweileh
- Department of Physiology, Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Samah W Al-Jabi
- Department of Clinical and Community Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Sa'ed H Zyoud
- Department of Clinical and Community Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Ansam F Sawalha
- Department of Physiology, Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
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AlRuthia Y, Alsenaidy MA, Alrabiah HK, AlMuhaisen A, Alshehri M. The status of licensed pharmacy workforce in Saudi Arabia: a 2030 economic vision perspective. HUMAN RESOURCES FOR HEALTH 2018; 16:28. [PMID: 29954408 PMCID: PMC6022294 DOI: 10.1186/s12960-018-0294-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The economy of Saudi Arabia is currently undergoing a major transformation which will have an impact on employment in the pharmacy sector. However, quantitative data characterizing the pharmacy workforce in the Kingdom are currently not available. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the current status of the licensed pharmacy workforce in the pharmacy field in Saudi Arabia. METHODS Descriptive statistics were performed on data from the Saudi Commission for Health Specialties (SCFHS) as of March 2017. RESULTS The labor market for pharmacists in Saudi Arabia is dominated by expatriates. Saudi nationals constitute less than 20% of the pharmacists employed in the Kingdom. The underemployment of Saudis is most evident in the largest sectors of the pharmacy field, namely, private health care establishments, community pharmacies, and pharmaceutical companies. CONCLUSION There is an unmet need to train Saudi citizens as pharmacists and retain them in the workforce. Addressing this issue should become an important objective in Saudi Arabia's Vision for 2030.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yazed AlRuthia
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2454, Riyadh, 11451 Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad A. Alsenaidy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Haitham K. Alrabiah
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Almaghaslah D, Ghazwani M, Alsayari A, Khaled A. Pharmacy students' perceptions towards online learning in a Saudi Pharmacy School. Saudi Pharm J 2018; 26:617-621. [PMID: 29991906 PMCID: PMC6036186 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2018.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The aim of the study was to evaluate previous exposure to online learning and preference for learning through pre-recorded online lectures with or without live active learning among pharmacy students in their fifth year. Methods An anonymous online survey was self-administered to fifth-year students enrolled on the Graduation Research Project Course. Results The response rate was 100%. Ninety-seven percent of students had previous experience with at least one online course during their pharmacy undergraduate curriculum; 76% of the courses were science courses. The majority of respondents preferred face-to-face, in-class lectures to online lectures, but 17% expressed no preference. Conclusion Pharmacy students expressed some interest in online learning methods within the pharmacy curriculum.
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