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Albasyouni S, Al-Quraishy S, Al-Hoshani N, Al-Otaibi T, Al-Shaebi EM, Abdel-Gaber R. Evaluation of anthelminthic and antiprotozoal activity of myrrh ( Commiphora myrrha) methanolic extract. Helminthologia 2024; 61:1-10. [PMID: 38659472 PMCID: PMC11038267 DOI: 10.2478/helm-2024-0008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
To treat and control parasitic infections, traditional medical remedies using plant products are utilized as antiparasitic agents rather than standard synthetic chemicals due to drug resistance. Myrrh, a resinous exudate of Commiphora myrrha (Burseraceae), is a powerful antioxidant with a variety of medicinal uses. This study aimed to investigate the effect of the myrrh methanolic extract (MyE) of three concentrations (100, 50, and 25 mg/ml) on the sporulation of oocysts and as an anthelminthic effector via in vitro study. Characterization of the plant was done by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The earthworm, Eisenia fetida, is used as a model worm to evaluate the anthelminthic activity of MyE. Eimeria labbeana-like oocysts are used as a model protozoan parasite in anticoccidial assays. The sporulation and inhibition (%) of E. labbeana-like were assessed by MyE compared to other chemical substances. FT-IR revealed the presence of twelve active compounds. Our results showed that paralysis and death of earthworms at MyE (100 mg/ml) were 7.88 ± 0.37 and 9.24 ± 0.60 min, respectively, which is more potency when compared to mebendazole (reference drug). In all treated worms, microscopic examinations revealed obvious surface architecture abnormality. This study shows that MyE affects oocysts sporulation in a dose-dependent manner. At 24 and 36 hr, a high concentration of MyE (100 mg/ml) inhibits sporulation by 90.95 and 87.17 %. At 36 hr, other concentrations of MyE (50 and 25 mg/ml), as well as amprolium, DettolTM, and phenol inhibits oocyst sporulation by 40.17 %, 29.34 %, 45.09 %, 85.11 %, and 61.58 %, respectively. According to our research, the MyE extract had powerful anthelmintic and anticoccidial properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Albasyouni
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. 2455, Riyadh11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - S. Al-Quraishy
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. 2455, Riyadh11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - N. Al-Hoshani
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - T. Al-Otaibi
- Department of Science and Technology, Al-Nairiyah University College, University of Hafr Al-Batin, Hafr Al-Batin31991, Saudi Arabia
| | - E. M. Al-Shaebi
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. 2455, Riyadh11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - R. Abdel-Gaber
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. 2455, Riyadh11451, Saudi Arabia
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Wang Y, Li N, Rao J, Wang T, Li W, Ren X, Wang K, Qiu F. Chemometrics-based Chemical Analysis of Myrrh and Its Vinegar-processed Products by UPLC-MS/MS. Chem Biodivers 2024; 21:e202301782. [PMID: 38263671 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202301782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Myrrh is widely used in clinical practice but accompanied by obvious toxicity. According to traditional Chinese medicines theory, processing with vinegar can effectively reduce its toxicity. However, the detoxification processing technology of Myrrh and the corresponding mechanism have been unclear. The objective of this study is to systematically analyze the variation in chemical composition of raw Myrrh and its processed products using UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS coupled with chemometrics. A total of 75 compounds including 56 sesquiterpenoids, 2 diterpenoids, 15 triterpenoids and 2 other types were identified. Raw Myrrh and its processed products were divided into two major groups, and 14 chemical markers were selected out by principal component analysis and partial least square discriminant analysis. Additionally, the exact content of 5 representative chemical markers was determined to be significantly reduced after vinegar-processing by UPLC-QQQ-MS/MS. Moreover, multivariate statistical analysis and the quantitative results comprehensively indicated that the optimized processing method was processing at a ratio of 200 : 5 (Myrrh:vinegar). This research provides not only a reliable foundation for the study of Myrrh, but also a scientific reference for clinical use of this herb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, P.R. China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Therapeutic Substance of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, P.R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, P.R. China
| | - Na Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, P.R. China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Therapeutic Substance of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, P.R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, P.R. China
| | - Jinqiu Rao
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, P.R. China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Therapeutic Substance of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, P.R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, P.R. China
| | - Tianwang Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, P.R. China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Therapeutic Substance of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, P.R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, P.R. China
| | - Wei Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, P.R. China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Therapeutic Substance of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, P.R. China
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University, Funabashi, Chiba, Japan
| | - Xiaoliang Ren
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, P.R. China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Therapeutic Substance of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, P.R. China
| | - Kai Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, P.R. China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Therapeutic Substance of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, P.R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, P.R. China
| | - Feng Qiu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, P.R. China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Therapeutic Substance of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, P.R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, P.R. China
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Liu H, Tang J, Chen T, Zhu P, Sun D, Wang W. Assessment of heavy metals contamination and human health risk assessment of the commonly consumed medicinal herbs in China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:7345-7357. [PMID: 36040690 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-22647-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates heavy metal contamination of commonly consumed medicinal herbs and human health risks to the Chinese population arising from the consumption of herbs that contain potentially harmful elements. Food safety standards for Chinese residents are becoming stricter, and much work in this field needs to be performed. This study examines Co, Ba, Fe, Cr, Mn, Ni, Zn, As, Cd, Pb, Cu, Be, Sb, and Bi concentrations in four regularly consumed Chinese herb species: Radix Paeoniae Alba (RPA), Radix Angelicae Dahuricae (RAD), Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae (RAM), and Radix Puerariae (RP). A pollution status examination and evaluation of heavy metals in RPA, RAD, RAM, and RP were performed. The human health risk assessment associated with the intake of potentially harmful elements in herbs was calculated in terms of the estimated daily intake (EDI), the target hazard quotient (THQ), the estimated hazard index (HI), and the lifetime cancer risk (CR). The mean single-factor pollution index (PI) showed that in the RPA, RAD, RAM, and RP samples, approximately 10.0%, 10.0%, 30.0%, and 10.0%, respectively, were polluted by Cd. The present study indicated that the pattern of consumption of the studied herbs in China does not seem to suggest an excessive health hazard associated with any of the toxic elements studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiping Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China.
| | - Jianfeng Tang
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Tongjun Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Pingping Zhu
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Dongdong Sun
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Weiyun Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
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Alahmari AS, El-Mekkawy HI, Al-Doaiss AA, Alduwish MA. Effect of Natural Commiphora myrrha Extract against Hepatotoxicity Induced by Alcohol Intake in Rat Model. TOXICS 2022; 10:toxics10120729. [PMID: 36548562 PMCID: PMC9786033 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10120729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The oral intake of alcohol has become a widespread concern due to its high risk to body health. Therefore, our purpose in this study was to reveal the antioxidant efficacies of natural Commiphora myrrha on hepatotoxicity and oxidative stress induced by ethanol in adult male rats, especially because these were not adequately revealed by previous studies. We examined the impacts of C. myrrha in male Sprague Dawley rats orally treated with C. myrrha (500 mg/kg) alone or in combination with 40% ethanol (3 g/kg), daily for 30 days. The results showed that treatment with C. myrrha after the oral consumption of ethanol caused a reduction in serum liver function parameters (alanine transferases, aspartate transaminase, and total bilirubin), hepatic tumor markers (α-L-flucosidase and arginase), and hepatic lipid peroxidation indicator (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances), as well as a slight restoration (not significant) in the levels of superoxide dismutase, catalase, reduced glutathione; and total antioxidant capacity. In addition, it alleviated histopathological changes in the liver, as revealed by decreased areas of inflammatory infiltrate, milder necrosis, and noticeably reduced periportal fibrosis and hemorrhage. The therapeutic efficiency of C. myrrha could be due to its rich sesquiterpenoids content which possesses anti-inflammatory properties and ROS-scavenging activities. Our findings provide evidence that the attenuation of oxidative stress by C. myrrha enables hepatic tissue to suppress inflammatory and oxidative mechanisms, resulting in enhanced liver structure and function. Therefore, C. myrrha extract shows promise as a protective and therapeutic supplement against toxic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abeer S. Alahmari
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
- Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Haitham I. El-Mekkawy
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amin A. Al-Doaiss
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
- Anatomy and Histology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Sana’a University, Sana’a 1247, Yemen
| | - Manal A. Alduwish
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Humanities, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkarj 11942, Saudi Arabia
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The Role of Myrrh Metabolites in Cancer, Inflammation, and Wound Healing: Prospects for a Multi-Targeted Drug Therapy. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15080944. [PMID: 36015092 PMCID: PMC9416713 DOI: 10.3390/ph15080944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Myrrh extract is a well-known medicinal plant with significant therapeutic benefits attributed to the activity of its diverse metabolites. It has promising activity against cancer and inflammatory diseases, and could serve as a potential therapeutic alternative since most therapeutic agents have severe side effects that impair quality of life. Method: The current study identified the active metabolites from the myrrh resin methanolic extract. Then, the extracts were tested for in vitro anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer activity using cancer cell lines and Tamm-Horsfall Protein 1 (Thp-1)-like macrophage cell lines. Furthermore, using an in vivo rat model, the extracts’ anti-inflammatory and wound-healing activity was investigated. In addition, in silico predictions of the myrrh constituents highlighted the pharmacokinetic properties, molecular targets, and safety profile, including cytochrome P 450 (CYP) inhibition and organ toxicity. Results: Nine secondary metabolites were identified, and computational predictions suggested a good absorption profile, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and wound-healing effects. The myrrh extract had moderate cytotoxic activity against both HL60 and K562 leukemia cell lines and the KAIMRC1 breast cancer cell line. Myrrh caused a dose-dependent effect on macrophages to increase the reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, promote their polarization to classically activated macrophages (M1) and alternatively activated macrophages (M2) phenotypes, and consequently induce apoptosis, highlighting its ability to modulate macrophage function, which could potentially aid in several desired therapeutic processes, including the resolution of inflammation, and autophagy which is an important aspect to consider in cancer treatment. The topical application of myrrh improved wound healing, with no delayed inflammatory response, and promoted complete re-epithelization of the skin, similar to the positive control. In conclusion, we provide evidence for the methanolic extract of myrrh having cytotoxic activity against cancer cells and anti-inflammatory wound-healing properties, which may be attributed to its role in modulating macrophage function. Furthermore, we suggest the active constituents responsible for these properties, which warrants further studies focusing on the precise roles of the active metabolites.
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Pinto KB, Santos PHBD, Krause LC, Caramão EB, Bjerk TR. Preliminary prospection of phytotherapic compounds from the essential oils from barks and leaves of Umburana (Commiphora Leptophloeos). BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/s2175-97902022e21609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Elina Bastos Caramão
- Universidade Tiradentes, Brasil; Instituto de Tecnologia e Pesquisa, Brasil; INCT, Brasil
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GC-MS Method for Quantification and Pharmacokinetic Study of Four Volatile Compounds in Rat Plasma after Oral Administration of Commiphora myrrh (Nees) Engl. Resin and In Vitro Cytotoxic Evaluation. SEPARATIONS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/separations8120239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
A rapid, simple, and sensitive gas chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (GC–MS) method was established and validated for simultaneous determination of four volatile compounds, namely curzerene, methoxyfuranodiene, β-elemene, and α-pinene in rat plasma samples after oral administration of the resin extract of Commiphora myrrh using limonene as an internal standard (IS). Liquid-liquid extraction using hexane and ethyl acetate (1:1) mixture as an extracting agent was used for the samples extraction procedure. The GC–MS system was operated under selective ion monitoring (SIM) mode using Perkin Elmer Elite 5MS column (30 m × 0.25 mm × 0.25 µm film thickness). Specificity, linearity, precision, accuracy, extraction recovery, and stability were used to validate the developed method. The assay showed good linearity (r2 ≥ 0.998), and the lowest limits of quantification (LLOQ) were 3.97–21.38 ng/mL for the four analytes. This assay was successfully applied to pharmacokinetic studies of the four volatile compounds in rat plasma. The antiproliferative activity of these volatile compounds was evaluated against lung carcinoma (A549) and colon (LoVo) cell lines, were each compound caused variable inhibition on cells proliferation and methoxyfuranodiene exerted the strong antiproliferative activity against both cell line according to IC50 values.
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Hassanzadeh-Taheri M, Salimi M, Vazifeshenas-Darmiyan K, Mohammadifard M, Hosseini M. Investigating the effect of ethanolic extract of Commiphora myrrha (Nees) Engl. gum-resin against hepatorenal injury in diabetic rats. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2021; 20:1573-1581. [PMID: 34900809 PMCID: PMC8630135 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-021-00904-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Management of hepatorenal complications in diabetic patients is still a challenge for clinicians. The study aimed to investigate the impacts of ethanolic extract of Commiphora myrrha (Nees) Engl.oleo-gum-resin (EEM) against hepatorenal injury in diabetic rats. METHODS Diabetes was induced by an intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of streptozotocin (55 mg/kg) in adult male Wistar rats (n = 40); whereas, normal control rats (NC, n = 8) were treated with vehicle solution (citrate buffer, i.p.). Diabetic animals were gavaged with 500 mg/kg of metformin (MET500) and different doses of EEM (100, 300, and 500 mg/kg) once daily for 28 days. Diabetic model (DM) and NC groups were treated with normal saline. Various parameters like fasting blood glucose (FBG), plasma insulin, aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), creatinine (Cr), urea, 24-h urine total protein (UTP), urine volume, and hepatorenal histopathology were assessed at the end of the study. RESULTS Compared to the NC group, diabetic rats showed marked elevations in FBG, AST, ALT, urea, Cr, UTP, urine volume, and a significant reduction in insulin. Diabetic animals also exhibited severe histopathological alterations in liver and kidney tissues. The EEM treatment could not influence the biochemical and pathological alterations. Treatment with EEM at the dose of 300 mg/kg could slightly ameliorate some pathological alterations (fatty changes and tubular congestion) in hepatic and renal tissues. CONCLUSIONS These findings demonstrated that EEM treatment at doses up to 500 mg/kg could not effectively slow down the pathological process of hepatorenal damage in diabetic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammadmehdi Hassanzadeh-Taheri
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Salimi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Khadijeh Vazifeshenas-Darmiyan
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Department of Biochemistry, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Mahtab Mohammadifard
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Mehran Hosseini
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
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Al-Onazi W, Al-Mohaimeed AM, Amina M, El-Tohamy MF. Identification of Chemical Composition and Metal Determination of Retama raetam (Forssk) Stem Constituents Using ICP-MS, GC-MS-MS, and DART-MS. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL METHODS IN CHEMISTRY 2021; 2021:6667238. [PMID: 33708453 PMCID: PMC7929692 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6667238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the chemical constituents of the stem of Retama raetam growing in Saudi Arabia. The organic and inorganic composition of ethanol extract of R. raetam stem has been explored using direct analysis in real time-mass spectrometry (DART-MS), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Analysis conducted by DART-MS and GC-MS reveals the presence of several interesting organic constituents identified as 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol, sparteine, benzenepropanoic acid, 3,5-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-hydroxy-, methyl ester, phthalic acid, 1-octadecanol, squalene, argentamin, 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol, sparteine, benzene propanoic acid, 3,5-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-hydroxy-, methyl ester, phthalic acid, 1-octadecanol, squalene, argentamin, and hentriacontane in the ethanol extract of the R. raetam stem. The ICP-MS analysis of stem extract showed the presence of a significant amount of important inorganic elements including aluminum, chlorine, calcium, bromine magnesium, phosphorus, scandium, and chromium. The current study complements other R. raetam extract investigations carried out in the past and provides the additional data for the future research studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wedad Al-Onazi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amal M. Al-Mohaimeed
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Musarat Amina
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maha F. El-Tohamy
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Alqahtani AS, Herqash RN, Noman OM, Tabish Rehman M, Shahat AA, Alajmi MF, Nasr FA. Impact of Different Extraction Methods on Furanosesquiterpenoids Content and Antibacterial Activity of Commiphora myrrha Resin. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL METHODS IN CHEMISTRY 2021; 2021:5525173. [PMID: 34336357 PMCID: PMC8289610 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5525173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The oleo-gum-resin of Commiphora myrrha is one of the most known natural antimicrobial agents, mainly due to its furanosesquiterpenes. A validated method based on sample extraction by matrix solid-phase dispersion (MSPD) followed by high-performance column chromatography (HPLC) determination is applied to analyze two furanosesquiterpenoids, namely, 2-methoxyfuranodiene (CM-1) and 2-acetoxyfuranodiene (CM-2), existing in C. myrrha. The trial parameters that controlled the extraction prospective were studied and optimized. These include the nature of dispersant, mass ratio of sample to the dispersant, and the volume of elution solvent. A comparative antimicrobial study that used the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration Assay (MIC) method between MSPD, ultrasonic, and Soxhlet of myrrh extracts was also conducted. The optimal MSPD parameters used were (i) 15 mL of methanol applied as elution solvent; (ii) silica gel/sample mass at a 2 : 1 ratio; and (iii) a dispersing sorbent selected as silica gel. Technique retrievals were regulated from 96.87% to 100.54%, with relative standard deviations (RSDs) from 1.24% to 4.45%. Commiphora myrrha-MSPD (CM-MSPD) extract showed the highest antibacterial activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria (156.25 μg/mL and 312.5 μg/mL, respectively) and antifungal activity (156.25 μg/mL). Yields acquired through the MSPD technique were larger than yields from other extraction techniques (sonication and traditional reflux extraction methods) with less consumption of time, sample, and solvent. The mode of antibacterial action of CM-1 and CM-2 was elucidated by performing molecular docking with bacterial DNA gyrase. Both the compounds interacted with key residues of DNA gyrase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali S. Alqahtani
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P. O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rashed N. Herqash
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P. O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Omar M. Noman
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P. O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Md. Tabish Rehman
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P. O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdelaaty A. Shahat
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P. O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed F. Alajmi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P. O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahd A. Nasr
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P. O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Vafaei H, Ajdari S, Hessami K, Hosseinkhani A, Foroughinia L, Asadi N, Faraji A, Abolhasanzadeh S, Bazrafshan K, Roozmeh S. Efficacy and safety of myrrh in patients with incomplete abortion: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical study. BMC Complement Med Ther 2020; 20:145. [PMID: 32397980 PMCID: PMC7218551 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-020-02946-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Myrrh (Commiphora myrrha (Nees) Engl.) has a long history of traditional use as a herbal medicine for different purposes. In ancient traditional Persian manuscripts, it has been noted that myrrh may act as uterine stimulant and probably cause complete abortion. However, there is no evidence to verify this comment. Therefore, the current study was carried out to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Myrrh in the treatment of incomplete abortion. Materials and methods In a randomized double-blinded placebo controlled clinical trial, 80 patients with ultrasound-documented retained products of conception (RPOC) were assigned to receive capsules containing 500 mg of Myrrh oleo-gum-resin or a placebo three times a day for 2 weeks. The existence of the retained tissue and its size were evaluated by ultrasound examination at the beginning and end of the study. Results After 2 weeks, the mean diameter of the RPOC in the Myrrh group was significantly reduced compared with the placebo group (P < 0.001). Meanwhile, the rate of successful complete abortion was 82.9% in the intervention group and 54.3% in the placebo group (P = 0.01). The patients in both groups reported no serious drug-related adverse effects. Conclusion This study shows that Myrrh is effective and safe in the resolution of the RPOC and may be considered as an alternative option for treatment of patients with incomplete abortion. However, further studies on active compounds isolated from myrrh and their uterine stimulant effects are needed. Trial registration This study was retrospectively registered at Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (www.irct.ir) IRCT code: IRCT20140317017034N7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Homeira Vafaei
- Maternal-Fetal Medicine Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Sara Ajdari
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Kamran Hessami
- Maternal-Fetal Medicine Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ayda Hosseinkhani
- Research Center for Traditional Medicine and History of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Leila Foroughinia
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Box Hill Hospital, FRANZCOG Eastern Health, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nasrin Asadi
- Maternal-Fetal Medicine Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran. .,Maternal- Fetal Medicine (Perinatology), Hafez Hospital, Chamran Ave, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Azam Faraji
- Maternal-Fetal Medicine Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Khadije Bazrafshan
- Maternal-Fetal Medicine Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Shohreh Roozmeh
- Maternal-Fetal Medicine Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Cytotoxic Evaluation and Anti-Angiogenic Effects of Two Furano-Sesquiterpenoids from Commiphora myrrh Resin. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25061318. [PMID: 32183153 PMCID: PMC7144466 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25061318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Commiphora myrrh resin (Myrrh) has been used in traditional Arabic medicine to treat various inflammatory diseases. Two furano-sesquiterpenoids, 2-methoxyfuranodiene (CM1) and 2-acetoxyfuranodiene (CM2), were isolated from the chloroform fraction of the ethanolic extract of Arabic Commiphora myrrh resin. The cytotoxicity of the compounds was evaluated using human liver carcinoma, breast cancer cells (HepG2 and MCF-7, respectively) and normal human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) cell lines. The development toxicity and anti-angiogenic activity of both compounds were also evaluated using zebrafish embryos. Cell survival assays demonstrated that both compounds were highly cytotoxic in HepG2 and MCF7 cells, with IC50 values of 3.6 and 4.4 µM, respectively. Both compounds induced apoptosis and caused cell cycle arrest in treated HepG2 cells, which was observed using flow cytometric analysis. The development toxicity in zebrafish embryos showed the chronic toxicity of both compounds. The toxicity was only seen when the embryos remained exposed to the compounds for more than three days. The compound CM2 showed a significant level of anti-angiogenic activity in transgenic zebrafish embryos at sublethal doses. Thus, we demonstrated the cytotoxic properties of both compounds, suggesting that the molecular mechanism of these compounds should be further assessed.
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Hassanzadeh_Taheri M, Hosseini M, Dorranipour D, Afshar M, Moodi H, Salimi M. The Oleo-Gum-Resin of Commiphora myrrha Ameliorates Male Reproductive Dysfunctions in Streptozotocin-Induced Hyperglycemic Rats. PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.15171/ps.2019.49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The oleo-gum-resin of Commiphora myrrha (myrrh) has a long history of therapeutic use in traditional medicine. The aim of this study was to seek for the scientific evidence to determine whether the ethanolic extract of myrrh (EEM) has any beneficial effects on Streptozotocin (STZ) induced testicular impairments, and explore the possible mechanisms underlying such actions. Methods: Forty-eight severe and complicated diabetic rats (fasting blood glucose above 350 mg/dL), randomly were divided into six equal groups (n=8). Besides, eight healthy rats allocated as a normal control group and only treated with vehicle solution. The diabetic animals orally received the extract (100, 200, 300, and 500 mg/kg), metformin (500 mg/kg) or vehicle solution for 28 days. As a final point, plasma glucose and insulin, circulatory sex hormones, sperm parameters including sperm concentration, motility and viability and also testicular malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were assessed. Furthermore, quantitative histological evaluation of seminiferous tubules area and determination of germinal cells apoptosis were performed. Results: None of the studied doses of EEM showed anti-diabetic effects. However, the extract mainly at the maximum dose (500 mg/kg) exhibited beneficial effects on reproductive impairments. The EEM treated rats mainly at 500 mg/kg had significantly higher sperm concentration, sperm motility, sperm viability, sex hormones and lower testicular MDA and germ cell apoptosis index than untreated diabetic rats. Conclusion: These results indicated that EEM may have beneficial effects against reproductive dysfunction induced by diabetes. The mechanisms behind the effects might be associated with the EEM sex hormone booster potential, antioxidant and anti-apoptotic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammadmehdi Hassanzadeh_Taheri
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Mehran Hosseini
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Davood Dorranipour
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Mohammad Afshar
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Hesam Moodi
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Salimi
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
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Ahmed HAM, Ashraf SA, Awadelkareem AM, Alam J, Mustafa AI. Physico-Chemical, Textural and Sensory Characteristics of Wheat Flour Biscuits Supplemented with Different Levels of Whey Protein Concentrate. CURRENT RESEARCH IN NUTRITION AND FOOD SCIENCE JOURNAL 2019. [DOI: 10.12944/crnfsj.7.3.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the nutritional, non-nutritional as well as physico-chemical characteristics of biscuits developed from the supplementation of wheat flour with different levels of whey protein concentrate (WPC). The biscuits were prepared by using composite blends of wheat flour (WF) and WPC in different combination such as 100:0 (WF), 95:5 (WWP 5%), 90:10 (WWP 10%) and 85:15 (WWP 15). Proximate analysis of control as well as treated sample showed significant rise in crude protein content, with increase in WPC supplementation. Moreover, Non-nutritional factor such as tannin content and polyphenols was found to be highest in WF sample followed by WWP (5%), WWP (10%) and WWP (15%). In addition to that, in-vitro protein digestibility (IVPD) was found to be highest in WPC and when IVPD was compared with the crude protein, a significant difference was observed. Additionally, with the increase in WPC ratio the concentration of lysine, aspartic acid and glutamic acid was improved. Moreover mineral analysis revealed that, WF had highest amount of iron 0.66 mg/100g followed by WWP (5%), WWP (10%), WWP (15%) and WPC. Moreover, spread ratio of cookies found to be significant with the increase in the levels of WPC. Sensory evaluation of the samples revealed that, WWP (15%) had highest acceptance rating followed by WWP (10%). Based upon our investigation, we found that WPC could be a good source of supplementation for the development of protein enriched biscuits to combat the problem of malnutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Syed Amir Ashraf
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Hail, Hail KSA
| | | | - Jahoor Alam
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Hail, Hail KSA
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15
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Alqahtani AS, Noman OM, Rehman MT, Siddiqui NA, Alajmi MF, Nasr FA, Shahat AA, Alam P. The influence of variations of furanosesquiterpenoids content of commercial samples of myrrh on their biological properties. Saudi Pharm J 2019; 27:981-989. [PMID: 31997905 PMCID: PMC6978635 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2019.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Myrrh is an oleo-gum-resin produced in the stem of Commiphora myrrha (Burseraceae) and used for centuries for different medicinal purposes. The present work was designed to evaluate the cytotoxic and antioxidant properties of seventeen myrrh samples (S1–S17) obtained from different retail markets of Saudi Arabia and Yemen regions, along with two furanosesquiterpenoids (CM-1 and CM-2). The cytotoxicity assay was carried out on HepG2, MCF-7 and HUVEC cell lines. S2, S5, S10, S12, CM-1, CM-2 exhibited significant cytotoxicity against HepG2/MCF-7 cell lines [IC50 (μg/mL): 13.8/10, 14/10, 14.5/11.3, 18/13.2, 9.5/12.5, 10/15.8, respectively) compare to vinblastin (IC50 (μg/mL): 2/2.5) whereas the remaining samples were found as mild active or inactive. The antioxidant properties of the samples were tested by β-carotene-bleaching and DPPH free radical scavenging methods where the samples S8 (1000 μg/mL) exhibited the highest β-carotene bleaching (76.2%) and free radical scavenging activity (79.8%). The HPTLC analysis was performed on NP-HPTLC plate using toluene, chloroform and glacial acetic acid as mobile phase in ratio of 7:2.9:0.1 (V/V/V). The validated HPTLC method furnished sharp, intense and compact peaks of CM-1 and CM-2 at Rf = 0.39 and 0.44, respectively. The highest/lowest content of CM-1 and CM-2 were found in S12/S5 and S5/S17, respectively. The molecular docking studies of CM-1 and CM-2 with human DNA topoisomerase IIα have shown that both the compounds were bound the active sites of the respective enzymes. Molecular dynamics simulation studies further confirmed that the interactions of CM-1 and CM-2 with topoisomerase were stable in nature. This study will help us in selection of appropriate myrrh sample for the greater benefits of the population in the Middle East region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali S. Alqahtani
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Medicinal, Aromatic and Poisonous Plants Research Center, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Corresponding authors at: Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (A.S. Alqahtani).
| | - Omar M. Noman
- Medicinal, Aromatic and Poisonous Plants Research Center, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Md. Tabish Rehman
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nasir A. Siddiqui
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed F. Alajmi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahd A. Nasr
- Medicinal, Aromatic and Poisonous Plants Research Center, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdelaaty A. Shahat
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Medicinal, Aromatic and Poisonous Plants Research Center, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Chemistry of Medicinal Plants Dept., National Research Centre, 33 El Bohouth St. (former El Tahrirst.), Dokki, P. O. 12622, Giza, Egypt
| | - Perwez Alam
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Corresponding authors at: Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (A.S. Alqahtani).
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