1
|
Smith TD, Balogun AO, Hughes K, Dyal MA, DeJoy DM. Safety climate and seat belt use in the fire service. TRAFFIC INJURY PREVENTION 2024:1-7. [PMID: 38905109 DOI: 10.1080/15389588.2024.2362834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Motor vehicle incidents or apparatus crashes are a leading cause of firefighter fatalities in the United States. Nonuse of seat belts has been linked to some of these fatalities. This research seeks to understand the relationship between safety climate and seat belt use among firefighters, as findings will provide insights into factors that may bolster seat belt use and protect firefighters. METHODS Data were collected from 208 career firefighters working for a city fire department in the southeastern United States. Structural equation modeling was used to test a hypothesized model and to assess the relationships between organizational safety climate, work group safety climate and seat belt use. RESULTS It was determined that positive perceptions of workgroup safety climate, as a higher order factor, comprised of supervisor support, horizontal cohesion, and vertical cohesion, was positively associated with seat belt use within a sample of firefighters. Organizational level safety climate did not have a significant relationship with seat belt use but did positively influence workgroup safety climate perceptions. CONCLUSIONS Safety climate has been associated with safety compliance and participation behaviors, but more research was needed to specifically examine the impact of safety climate on seat belt use in firefighters. The findings point to the importance of safety climate as a leading indicator and predictor of seat belt use. Bolstering safety climate through safety programs, commitment to safety, effective communication, supportive supervisors and cohesion should ultimately aid in bolstering seat belt use among firefighters, which is important to curtailing firefighter injuries and fatalities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Todd D Smith
- Department of Applied Health Science, Indiana University School of Public Health - Bloomington, Bloomington, Indiana
| | - Abdulrazak O Balogun
- Department of Safety and Occupational Health Applied Sciences, Keene State College, Keene, New Hampshire
| | - Kevin Hughes
- Department of Applied Health Science, Indiana University School of Public Health - Bloomington, Bloomington, Indiana
| | - Mari-Amanda Dyal
- Department of Health Promotion and Physical Education, Wellstar College of Health and Human Services, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, Georgia
| | - David M DeJoy
- Workplace Health Group, Department of Health Promotion and Behavior, College of Public Health, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Washburn C, Kueny C, Murray S. Establishing links between safety culture, climate, behaviors, and outcomes of long-haul truck drivers. JOURNAL OF SAFETY RESEARCH 2023; 85:371-379. [PMID: 37330886 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsr.2023.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This paper examines the safety relationships between safety culture, safety influences, safety climate, and safety outcomes for long-haul truck drivers. The relationships focus on the intersection of the electronic logging device (ELD) technology, regulations, and truck drivers that fall into the lone-worker category. RESULTS Through research questions, links between safety culture and safety climate were established with links between the layers. CONCLUSIONS The implementation of the ELD system was associated with safety outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carlton Washburn
- Missouri University of Science and Technology, 1870 Miner Circle, Rolla, MO 65409, USA.
| | - Clair Kueny
- Missouri University of Science and Technology, 1870 Miner Circle, Rolla, MO 65409, USA.
| | - Susan Murray
- Missouri University of Science and Technology, 1870 Miner Circle, Rolla, MO 65409, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Casey TW, Hu X, Kanse L, Varhammar A. A tale of six climates: Reflections and learnings after the development of six industry-specific safety climate scales. JOURNAL OF SAFETY RESEARCH 2022; 82:151-158. [PMID: 36031242 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsr.2022.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Researchers are finding merits in utilizing industry-specific safety climate scales that capture the nuances of context, and tend to show stronger associations with safety behavior and outcomes like incidents. Yet, to date, guidance around the practicalities of developing and validating such industry-specific scales is lacking in the safety science literature. METHOD In this paper we outline our experiences developing six industry-specific safety climate scales and highlight strengths and limitations of our approach. We also briefly review the industry-specific safety climate literature and offer highlights for consideration when developing such scales. Our method to develop industry-specific safety climate scales followed an established best practice structure: literature review of existing published industry scales, collation and review of existing scale items, consultation interviews with industry experts, item drafting, exploratory and confirmatory statistical analyses, and finally, a real-world ecological validity test. RESULTS Our research highlighted the diversity of safety climate dimensions (both the conceptual and content domains of each dimension) when it is considered at an industry level. Also, the literature reviews revealed a dearth of industry-specific safety climate scales in the areas we engaged with, so our project filled a glaring gap in research and practice. Best practice safety climate scale development methods are provided to stimulate further research. CONCLUSIONS We conclude with reflections on the nature of safety climate within and across industries, and offer suggestions for future lines of research across other contexts (e.g., national culture, geography, and regulatory settings). We suggest that industry-specific safety climate scales have a specific use case, such as identifying specific areas to improve and evaluating the impact of safety interventions. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS This article provides applications for both applied researchers (to improve capabilities in safety climate scale development) and practitioners who wish to measure organisational safety climate and design effective interventions. Engaging with regulators to build safety climate scales is powerful because their personnel have rich experiences to share across multiple workplaces. Organisational researchers can engage with survey panels to build robust scales. Finally, industry-specific nuances can lead to richer insights into an organisation's safety climate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tristan W Casey
- Safety Science Innovation Lab, Griffith University, Australia.
| | - Xiaowen Hu
- Business School, Queensland University of Technology, Australia
| | - Lisette Kanse
- School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia, Australia
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Estimating Safety Outcomes of Increased Organisational Safety Management in Trucking Companies. SAFETY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/safety8020036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study investigated possible consequences for the number of killed and seriously injured (KSI) in traffic if trucking companies in Norway introduced the organisational safety management (OSM) measures in the stepwise approach called the “Safety Ladder” for road goods transport. The aim of the paper was to estimate the potential of OSM to prevent KSIs involving HGV drivers in Norwegian companies, given the current prevalence and effect. On the basis of these analytical steps, the present study concluded that OSM measures seem to provide an efficient approach to reduce the number of KSIs involving HGVs, especially as previous research indicates low implementation. The estimates in the example calculations varied between 7 and 52 KSI, which potentially can be avoided per year (retrospectively). Thus, OSM measures may reduce KSIs with a share of up to 51% of the total number of KSIs involving HGVs in Norway, when taking into consideration the known effects in robust studies and current prevalence of OSM.
Collapse
|
5
|
Wang L, Wang Y, Shi L, Xu H. Analysis of risky driving behaviors among bus drivers in China: The role of enterprise management, external environment and attitudes towards traffic safety. ACCIDENT; ANALYSIS AND PREVENTION 2022; 168:106589. [PMID: 35151095 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2022.106589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Several studies have shown that enterprise management (e.g. culture, salary) and external environment (e.g. traffic congestion) predict risky driving behaviors and accident involvement. However, this process has not been systematically investigated in bus drivers. The present study uses structural equation model to assess whether enterprise management and external environment are associated with risky self-reported driving behaviors both directly and indirectly, through the effects of attitudes towards traffic safety in a large sample of bus drivers. Three hundred and thirty-one bus drivers (mean age = 39.5, SD = 5.6 years) completed a structured and anonymous questionnaire measuring enterprise management, external environment, attitudes toward traffic safety, and self-reported risky driving behaviors (i.e., speeding, fatigue driving, running the light) in the last 6 months. Structural equation modeling analysis revealed that enterprise management, and external environment were associated with risky driving behaviors both directly and indirectly. In particular both of them were directly correlated with bus drivers' attitudes toward traffic safety which, in turn, were related to the five types of self-reported risky driving behaviors. The present findings suggest that measures related to the impact factors could be carried out to reduce the probabilities of the risky driving behaviors among bus drivers, such as improving the salary level of bus drivers, setting up bus lanes and priority signals to alleviate road congestion, optimizing shift schedules, implementing effective safety education, etc. These findings can provide the empirical basis for evidence-based road safety interventions in the context of public transport.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lianzhen Wang
- School of Traffic and Transportation, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China.
| | - Yuping Wang
- Harbin Urban and Rural Planning and Design Research Institute, Harbin 150000, China
| | - Lingyun Shi
- School of Traffic and Transportation, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Huizhi Xu
- School of Traffic and Transportation, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Risky Decision Making Due to Goal Conflicts in Firefighting—Debriefing as a Countermeasure to Enhance Safety Behavior. SAFETY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/safety8020021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Firefighters act within extreme environments, work under threatening conditions and are often exposed to goal conflicts (e.g., self-protection vs. mission objective) during their missions. However, what are the consequences of these safety and task goal conflicts, and what countermeasures could help to reduce their occurrence? In an online survey, 340 firefighters were asked about goal conflicts, risky decision making, debriefings and the frequency of difficulties in teamwork during firefighting. Associations between the survey variables were determined by multivariate regression and mediation analyses. Data show that goal conflicts were associated with risky decision making and unsafe acts. Furthermore, debriefings were associated with fewer goal conflicts, as mediated by less-frequent difficulties with teamwork (communication, leadership and shared mental models). Though limited by the cross-sectional design of our study, the results provide evidence that debriefing is a valuable tool to reduce difficulties experienced with teamwork on missions and therefore reduce the occurrence of conflicting goals. Fewer goal conflicts are associated with a decrease in unsafe decisions and, thus, a safer working environment for firefighters. Accordingly, it is recommended to conduct debriefings, with an increased focus on team aspects.
Collapse
|
7
|
He Y, Huang YH, Lee J, Lytle B, Asmone AS, Goh YM. A mixed-methods approach to examining safety climate among truck drivers. ACCIDENT; ANALYSIS AND PREVENTION 2022; 164:106458. [PMID: 34793995 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2021.106458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of the current study was to use a mixed-methods approach to understanding safety climate and the strategies to improve safety climate among truck drivers. Using both survey (N = 7246) and interview (N = 18) responses provided by truck drivers regarding key safety climate items, the current study identified a number of positive and negative policies, procedures and practices that truck drivers perceived as the determinants of whether their organizations are committed to the promotion of safety at work. Item response theory (IRT) analyses were conducted to identify discrimination parameters indicating which safety climate items were most sensitive to the safety climate level. Discriminative items were identified at both the organization and group levels which can be used to evaluate safety climate and differentiate a high versus low safety climate across groups and organizations in the trucking industry. Based on our results, we also offer safety researchers and practitioners some recommendations on what and/or how to intervene with and promote organizational safety climate in the trucking industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yimin He
- University of Nebraska Omaha, United States
| | | | - Jin Lee
- Kansas State University, United States
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
How Just Culture and Personal Goals Moderate the Positive Relation between Commercial Pilots’ Safety Citizenship Behavior and Voluntary Incident Reporting. SAFETY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/safety7030059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Flight safety is consistently influenced by pilots’ self-inflicted incidents in routine flight operations. For airlines, pilots’ reports on these incidents are essential input to learn from incidents (LFI) and for various safety management processes. This paper aims to explain the voluntary reporting behavior of pilots’ self-inflicted incidents from an occupational safety perspective. We investigate how the relation between pilots’ safety citizenship behavior (SCB) and reporting behavior is moderated by pilots’ fear, shame, goals, and goal-striving when reporting, as well as the influence of a just culture on the decision to report incidents. In total, 202 German commercial pilots participated in an online survey. The results showed that reporting behavior can be considered a specific form of self-intentional SCB, but should be differentiated into subtypes depending on a pilot’s unsafe acts (errors or violations) that caused the incident. Reporting behavior-specific motivational factors influenced different subtypes of reporting behavior: Just culture moderated a positive relation between SCB and reported incidents caused by violations. Moreover, depending on the subtype of reporting behavior, the relation was moderated by different types of goals in relation to the pilots. No moderating effects of fear or shame could be demonstrated. Our findings highlight the value of a just culture for encouraging goal-oriented reporting behavior in the context of LFI and safety management.
Collapse
|
9
|
Foreman AM, Friedel JE, Hayashi Y, Wirth O. Texting while driving: A discrete choice experiment. ACCIDENT; ANALYSIS AND PREVENTION 2021; 149:105823. [PMID: 33197793 PMCID: PMC8190565 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2020.105823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Texting while driving is one of the most dangerous types of distracted driving and contributes to a large number of transportation incidents and fatalities each year. Drivers text while driving despite being aware of the risks. Although some factors related to the decision to text while driving have been elucidated, more remains to be investigated in order to better predict and prevent texting while driving. To study decision making involved in reading a text message while driving, we conducted a discrete choice experiment with 345 adult participants recruited from Amazon's Mechanical Turk. Participants were presented with multiple choice sets, each involving two different scenarios, and asked to choose the scenario in which they would be more likely to text while driving. The attributes of the scenarios were the relationship to the text-message sender, the road conditions, and the importance of the message. The attributes varied systematically across the choice sets. Participants were more likely to read a text message while driving if the sender of the message was a significant other, the message was perceived to be very important, and the participant was driving on rural roads. Discrete choice experiments offer a promising approach to studying decision making in drivers and other populations because they allow for an analysis of multiple factors simultaneously and the trade-offs among different choices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne M Foreman
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, United States.
| | | | - Yusuke Hayashi
- Pennsylvania State University, Hazelton, United States of America
| | - Oliver Wirth
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, United States
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Jing L, Shan W, Zhang Y. Why the government should be blamed for road safety. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND ERGONOMICS 2020; 28:842-855. [PMID: 33048021 DOI: 10.1080/10803548.2020.1835234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The government plays an important role in road safety. However, the effectiveness of the government in the context of road traffic accidents (RTAs) is rarely measured quantitatively. This study aims to quantitatively examine the effects of government regulation on human and organizational factors. A contributing factors classification framework of RTAs is presented based on the human factors analysis and classification system, one of the most popular systems approaches. A total of 405 major RTAs was collected over a 20-year period (1997-2017) in China and analyzed through the structural equation model. The results lead to two main conclusions: the frequency of inadequate regulation, which has reached 343, is the highest frequency among all contributing factors; government regulation exhibits significant effects on organizational influences, unsafe supervision and unsafe behaviors. These findings provide a new perspective for accident prevention that can be initiated by the government in policy-making and regulatory activities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Jing
- School of Economics and Management, Beihang University, Republic of China
| | - Wei Shan
- School of Economics and Management, Beihang University, Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Complex System Analysis and Management Decision, Ministry of Education, Republic of China
| | - Yingyu Zhang
- School of Management, Qufu Normal University, Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Rispler C, Luria G. Employee perseverance in a "no phone use while driving" organizational road-safety intervention. ACCIDENT; ANALYSIS AND PREVENTION 2020; 144:105689. [PMID: 32682049 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2020.105689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This interdisciplinary study explores factors that contribute to the perseverance of participants in an organizational "no phone use while driving" road-safety intervention. METHOD The study sample comprised 200 employees (mean age 43 years; 104 females [52 %], 96 males [48 %]) from 8 organizations in Israel. Subjects completed a 4-month organizational intervention using a smartphone application that monitored smartphone use, operationalized as taps per minute, where each tap represents a single instance of contact with the screen (e.g., touching, tapping or swiping). The app also silenced notifications during the intervention stage. Changes over time in tapping-while-driving behavior were examined through self-report questionnaires and objectively through the application's monitoring function. Validated measures were used to examine factors associated with perseverance in the program. RESULTS Organizational safety climate and gender (male) were positively related to perseverance in the intervention. Contrary to our hypothesis, safety motivation was not found to influence perseverance. CONCLUSIONS The present intervention is most effective for employees with high safety climate perceptions and for male employees. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS The organizational intervention presented in the current study was shown to be effective in reducing smartphone use (touching, tapping or swiping) while driving. Our findings show that people will download and use an app that actively reduces their incentive to use their phones at the wheel by silencing incoming notifications. The findings support calls to harness the positive potential of information and communications technologies for organizational interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clara Rispler
- Faculty of Welfare and Health Sciences, Department of Human Services, University of Haifa, Mount Carmel, Haifa, 31905, Israel.
| | - Gil Luria
- Faculty of Welfare and Health Sciences, Department of Human Services, University of Haifa, Mount Carmel, Haifa, 31905, Israel.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Application of Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) and an Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) for Assessment of Safety Culture: An Integrated Modeling Approach. SAFETY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/safety6010014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The primary purpose of this study was to apply structural equation modeling (SEM) integrated with an adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) approach to model the safety culture of the petrochemical industry of Japan. Workers from five companies located in the Chugoku region of Japan completed a paper-based survey distributed by email. SEM and ANFIS methods were integrated in order to identify and model the important factors of the safety culture. The results of SEM indicate that employee attitudes toward safety, coworker’s support, work pressure, and plant safety management systems were significant factors influencing violation behavior, personnel safety motivation, and personnel error behavior. Furthermore, the application of the ANFIS modeling approach showed that employees’ attitude was the most critical predictor of violation behavior and personnel error behavior, while coworkers support was the most critical predictor in modeling personnel safety motivation.
Collapse
|
13
|
Uzuntarla F, Kucukali S, Uzuntarla Y. An analysis on the relationship between safety awareness and safety behaviors of healthcare professionals, Ankara/Turkey. J Occup Health 2020; 62:e12129. [PMID: 32573064 PMCID: PMC7308796 DOI: 10.1002/1348-9585.12129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This descriptive study aims to examine the relationship between the safety awareness of healthcare professional and their safety behaviors. METHODS The study was carried out on 418 healthcare professionals working in a training and research hospital in Ankara/Turkey. The survey method was used as data collection tool. The questionnaire consisted of 3 sections and 18 questions. First section consisted of questions on sociodemographic characteristics and, second section consisted of the awareness scale and third section consisted of safety behaviors scale. RESULTS The safety awareness and safety behaviors are scored on a scale from 1 (completely disagree) to 5 (completely agree). The safety awareness and safety behaviors has an average score of 3.85 ± 0.81 and 3.56 ± 0.82, respectively. The safety awareness and safety behavior levels of healthcare professionals were found to be high. CONCLUSION A significant positive correlation was found between safety awareness and safety behaviors and it was concluded that the increase in safety awareness led to an increase in safety behavior.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Uzuntarla
- Department of Occupational Health and SafetyCankaya UniversityAnkaraTurkey
| | - Serhat Kucukali
- Department of Civil EngineeringHacettepe UniversityAnkaraTurkey
| | - Yasin Uzuntarla
- Department of Health ManagementGülhane Training and Research HospitalAnkaraTurkey
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Menéndez C, Socias-Morales C, Konda S, Ridenour M. Individual, business-related, and work environment factors associated with driving tired among taxi drivers in two metropolitan U.S. cities. JOURNAL OF SAFETY RESEARCH 2019; 70:71-77. [PMID: 31848011 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsr.2019.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Violence-related events and roadway incidents are the leading causes of injury among taxi drivers. Fatigue is under-recognized and prevalent in this workforce and is associated with both injury outcomes. We describe the association of individual, business-related, and work environment factors with driving tired among taxi drivers in two very different cities. METHOD We developed a comprehensive survey for licensed taxi drivers. We trained surveyors to administer the 30-min survey using systematic sampling among taxi drivers waiting for fares in two large U.S. cities: the Southwest (City 1) and the West (City 2). A driving tired scale of the Occupational Driver Behavior Questionnaire was the outcome. Multivariate logistic models described driving tired behavior in city-specific models using adjusted Odds Ratios (ORadj). RESULTS City 1 and City 2 had 496 and 500 participants, respectively. Each driving tired behavior was significantly more prevalent in City 2 than City 1 (p < .05). There were more variables and a greater diversity of variables in the models describing drowsy driving in City 1 than City 2. In City 1, variables describing negative safety climate (ORadj = 1.15), socio-demographic groups (identifying as Asian, educational attainment), passenger-related violence (ORadj = 1.79), and company tenure (ORadj =1.15) were associated with driving tired. In City 2, high perceived safety training usefulness (ORadj = 0.48) was associated with driving tired. A risk factor for driving tired that was common to both cities was job demands (ORadj = 1.21 in City 1; 1.43 in City 2). CONCLUSIONS These findings represent two diverse taxi populations driving in two geographically distinct regions that differ in safety regulation. It is important that safety measures that include fatigue awareness training are reaching all drivers. Fatigue management training should be integrated into driver safety programs regardless of location. Practical applications: Fatigue management strategies that recognize individual factors, business-related characteristics, and work environment are an important component of road safety and are particularly relevant for occupational drivers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cammie Menéndez
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Division of Safety Research, Analysis and Field Evaluations Branch, Morgantown, WV, United States.
| | - Christina Socias-Morales
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Division of Safety Research, Analysis and Field Evaluations Branch, Morgantown, WV, United States.
| | - Srinivas Konda
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Division of Safety Research, Analysis and Field Evaluations Branch, Morgantown, WV, United States.
| | - Marilyn Ridenour
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Division of Safety Research, Analysis and Field Evaluations Branch, Morgantown, WV, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Douglas MA, Swartz SM, Richey RG, Roberts MD. Risky business: Investigating influences on large truck drivers' safety attitudes and intentions. JOURNAL OF SAFETY RESEARCH 2019; 70:1-11. [PMID: 31847984 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsr.2019.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Safety research in the U.S. motor carrier context remains important, as the trucking industry employs approximately 1.7 million large truck drivers. Drivers face many competing pressures in this unique high risk, high regulation, and low direct supervision context. They represent the cornerstone of safe carrier operations. METHODS Using a multi-theoretical approach, this study investigates how drivers' perceptions of carrier safety climate influence their safety-related attitudes and intentions. RESULTS Responses from nearly 1500 over the road drivers provide evidence that safety climate directly influences drivers' attitudes toward safety, safety norms, and driver risk avoidance, and indirectly influences drivers' intentions to commit unsafe acts. These findings replicate previous findings and also extend the nomological network of theory in this context, adding driver risk avoidance as a central factor to the driver safety theoretical framework. Additionally, carrier managers are encouraged to reflect on the study's evidence and pursue a better understanding of their drivers' risk perceptions and tolerance, while minimizing avoidable risk through prudent safety and operational policies, procedures, and processes. Future research in this area is highly encouraged.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew A Douglas
- Baylor University, One Bear Place #98006, Waco, TX 76798, United States of America.
| | | | - R Glenn Richey
- Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States of America.
| | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Xu J, Ge Y, Qu W, Sun X, Zhang K. The mediating effect of traffic safety climate between pedestrian inconvenience and pedestrian behavior. ACCIDENT; ANALYSIS AND PREVENTION 2018; 119:155-161. [PMID: 30031968 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2018.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Revised: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Because most people are pedestrians at some point on any given day and walking is the most indispensable means of transportation, pedestrian safety should be investigated. The primary aim of this study was to investigate the relationships among the inconveniences that pedestrians perceive in city traffic, the traffic safety climate and pedestrian behavior. A total of 311 participants voluntarily and validly completed a survey that included the Pedestrian Inconvenience Questionnaire (PIQ), the Traffic Climate Scale (TCS) and the Pedestrian Behavior Scale (PBS). We discovered that pedestrians' perceived inconvenience was positively correlated with transgression and positive behavior by pedestrians and it also positively correlated with the external affective demands (emotional engagement facet of TCS) while negatively correlated with the functionality (functional traffic system facet of TCS). We determined that the external affective demands were positively correlated with pedestrian risk behaviors (i.e., transgression, aggressive behaviors and lapses), internal requirements (traffic participants' skills facet of TCS) were positively correlated with positive behaviors, and functionality was negatively correlated with transgression and lapses. Moreover, the results indicate that the relationship between the inconveniences pedestrians perceive in city traffic and pedestrians' transgressive behavior was fully mediated by the functionality dimension of the traffic safety climate. Pedestrians' perceived inconvenience is an important factor that affects pedestrian behavior, and the influence of pedestrians' perceptions of the traffic safety climate cannot be disregarded.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Ge
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Weina Qu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Xianghong Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kan Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Driving Behaviour and Sustainable Mobility—Policies and Approaches Revisited. SUSTAINABILITY 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/su10041152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
18
|
Zhang Q, Ge Y, Qu W, Zhang K, Sun X. The traffic climate in China: The mediating effect of traffic safety climate between personality and dangerous driving behavior. ACCIDENT; ANALYSIS AND PREVENTION 2018; 113:213-223. [PMID: 29428640 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2018.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Revised: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Traffic safety climate is defined as road users' attitudes and perceptions of traffic in a specific context at a given point in time. The current study aimed to validate the Chinese version of the Traffic Climate Scale (TCS) and to explore its relation to drivers' personality and dangerous driving behavior. A sample of 413 drivers completed the Big Five Inventory (BFI), the Chinese version of the TCS, the Dula Dangerous Driving Index (DDDI) and a demographic questionnaire. Exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis were performed to confirm a three-factor (external affective demands, internal requirements and functionality) solution of the TCS. The reliability and validity of the Chinese version of TCS were verified. More importantly, the results showed that the effect of personality on dangerous driving behavior was mediated by traffic climate. Specifically, the functionality of the TCS mediated the effect of neuroticism on negative cognitive/emotional driving and drunk driving, while openness had an indirect impact on aggressive driving, risky driving and drunk driving based on the internal requirements of the TCS. Additionally, agreeableness had a negative direct impact on four factors of the DDDI, while neuroticism had a positive direct impact on negative cognitive/emotional driving, drunk driving and risky driving. In conclusion, the Chinese version of the TCS will be useful to evaluate drivers' attitudes towards and perceptions of the requirements of traffic environment in which they participate and will also be valuable for comparing traffic cultures and environments in different countries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Ge
- Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Weina Qu
- Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Kan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xianghong Sun
- Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Wishart D, Somoray K, Evenhuis A. Thrill and adventure seeking in risky driving at work: The moderating role of safety climate. JOURNAL OF SAFETY RESEARCH 2017; 63:83-89. [PMID: 29203027 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsr.2017.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Revised: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Within many industrialized countries, the leading cause of worker fatalities and serious injuries can be attributed to road trauma. In non-occupational research, high levels of sensation seeking personality, and specifically thrill and adventure seeking, have been associated with risky driving behaviors. In work driving literature, high organizational safety climate has been associated with reduced risky driving in work drivers. However, the extent that factors such as safety climate and thrill seeking interact in regard to work driving safety remains unclear, and the current research examined this interaction. Methods A total of 1,011 work drivers from four organizations participated in the research. Surveys were distributed online and hardcopies were sent via mail. The survey included measures of thrill and adventure seeking, safety climate and work-related driving behaviors, as well as questions relating to participant demographics and information about their work driving. Results The results demonstrated that safety climate significantly moderated the effect of thrill and adventure seeking trait on driving errors, driving violations, and driving while fatigued. Conclusion These results suggest that the development of a strong safety climate has the potential to improve work driving safety outcomes by reducing the impact of particular personality traits such as thrill seeking within an organizational context. Practical application To improve work driving safety, organizations and management need to develop strategies to encourage and foster positive work driving safety climate, particularly within work settings that may attract thrill and adventure seeking employees.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Darren Wishart
- Centre for Accident Research and Road Safety Queensland (CARRS-Q), Institute for Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Psychology, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Klaire Somoray
- Centre for Accident Research and Road Safety Queensland (CARRS-Q), Institute for Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Psychology, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia.
| | - Amanda Evenhuis
- Centre for Accident Research and Road Safety Queensland (CARRS-Q), Institute for Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Psychology, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Newnam S, Warmerdam A, Sheppard D, Griffin M, Stevenson M. Do management practices support or constrain safe driving behaviour? A multi-level investigation in a sample of occupational drivers. ACCIDENT; ANALYSIS AND PREVENTION 2017; 102:101-109. [PMID: 28273550 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2017.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2016] [Revised: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
It has been estimated that one-third of all work-related deaths occur while driving for work-related purposes. Despite this, many organisations are unaware of the practices, beyond those that identify and control the impact of unforeseen events (i.e., risk management), that predispose drivers to risk. This study addresses the issue by identifying the management practices operationalised as, High Performance Workplace Systems (HPWS) that influence safe driver behaviour. The study also explores the value given to safety by senior level management as a moderator of the relationship between HPWS practices and driver behaviour. Each factor was tested within a two level hierarchical model consisting of 911 drivers, nested within 161 supervisors and 83 organisations. The findings highight that under conditions of high investment in job and work design, communication and selection practices, drivers reported poorer driving behaviour. An interaction effect also demonstrated that under conditions of high investment in remuneration, drivers reported safer behaviour, but only when they perceived that managers valued and prioritised safety. The findings challenge current thinking in the management of workplace road safety.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Newnam
- Monash University Accident Research Centre, Monash University, Australia.
| | - Amanda Warmerdam
- Monash University Accident Research Centre, Monash University, Australia
| | - Dianne Sheppard
- Monash University Accident Research Centre, Monash University, Australia
| | - Mark Griffin
- Centre for Safety, The University of Western Australia Business School, Australia
| | - Mark Stevenson
- Urban Transport and Public Health, University of Melbourne, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Workers’ experience with work-related musculoskeletal disorder and worker’s perception of organisational policies and practices. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WORKPLACE HEALTH MANAGEMENT 2017. [DOI: 10.1108/ijwhm-03-2016-0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose
Different organisations have developed policies and programmes to prevent workplace injuries and facilitate return to work. Few multiple workplace studies have examined workers’ perceptions of these policies and programmes. The purpose of this paper is to compare workers’ perception and experience of workplace policies and practices on injury prevention, people-oriented work culture, and return to work.
Design/methodology/approach
This study recruited 118 workers from three healthcare facilities through an online and paper survey.
Findings
Work-related musculoskeletal injury was experienced by 46 per cent of the workers, with low back injuries being most prevalent. There were significant differences in perception of policies and practices for injury prevention among occupational groups, and between workers who have had previous workplace injury experience and those without past injury.
Research limitations/implications
Selection bias is possible because of voluntary participation. A larger sample could give stronger statistical power.
Practical implications
The perception of workplace policies can vary depending on workers’ occupational and injury status. Organisational managers need to pay attention to the diversity among workers when designing and implementing injury prevention and return to work policies.
Social implications
Risks for workplace injuries are related to multiple factors, including workplace policies and practices on health and safety. Workers’ understanding and response to the policies, programmes, and practices can determine injury outcomes.
Originality/value
No previous study has reported on workers’ perceptions of workplace policies and practices for injury prevention and return in Manitoba healthcare sector.
Collapse
|
22
|
Zohar D, Lee J. Testing the effects of safety climate and disruptive children behavior on school bus drivers performance: A multilevel model. ACCIDENT; ANALYSIS AND PREVENTION 2016; 95:116-124. [PMID: 27423431 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2016.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Revised: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The study was designed to test a multilevel path model whose variables exert opposing effects on school bus drivers' performance. Whereas departmental safety climate was expected to improve driving safety, the opposite was true for in-vehicle disruptive children behavior. The driving safety path in this model consists of increasing risk-taking practices starting with safety shortcuts leading to rule violations and to near-miss events. The study used a sample of 474 school bus drivers in rural areas, driving children to school and school-related activities. Newly developed scales for measuring predictor, mediator and outcome variables were validated with video data taken from inner and outer cameras, which were installed in 29 buses. Results partially supported the model by indicating that group-level safety climate and individual-level children distraction exerted opposite effects on the driving safety path. Furthermore, as hypothesized, children disruption moderated the strength of the safety rule violation-near miss relationship, resulting in greater strength under high disruptiveness. At the same time, the hypothesized interaction between the two predictor variables was not supported. Theoretical and practical implications for studying safety climate in general and distracted driving in particular for professional drivers are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dov Zohar
- Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Israel.
| | - Jin Lee
- Harvard School of Public Health & Liberty Mutual Research Institute for Safety, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Hughes BP, Anund A, Falkmer T. A comprehensive conceptual framework for road safety strategies. ACCIDENT; ANALYSIS AND PREVENTION 2016; 90:13-28. [PMID: 26890077 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2016.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Revised: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Road safety strategies (generally called Strategic Highway Safety Plans in the USA) provide essential guidance for actions to improve road safety, but often lack a conceptual framework that is comprehensive, systems theory based, and underpinned by evidence from research and practice. This paper aims to incorporate all components, policy tools by which they are changed, and the general interactions between them. A framework of nine mutually interacting components that contribute to crashes and ten generic policy tools which can be applied to reduce the outcomes of these crashes was developed and used to assess 58 road safety strategies from 22 countries across 15 years. The work identifies the policy tools that are most and least widely applied to components, highlighting the potential for improvements to any individual road safety strategy, and the potential strengths and weaknesses of road safety strategies in general. The framework also provides guidance for the development of new road safety strategies, identifying potential consequences of policy tool based measures with regard to exposure and risk, useful for both mobility and safety objectives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B P Hughes
- School of Occupational Therapy and Social Work, Curtin University, Perth, Australia.
| | - A Anund
- Swedish Road and Transport Research Institute, 581 95 Linköping, Sweden; Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Medicine and Health Sciences (IMH), Faculty of Health Sciences, Linköping University and Pain and Rehabilitation Centre, UHL, County Council, Linköping, Sweden
| | - T Falkmer
- School of Occupational Therapy and Social Work, Curtin University, Perth, Australia; Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Medicine and Health Sciences (IMH), Faculty of Health Sciences, Linköping University and Pain and Rehabilitation Centre, UHL, County Council, Linköping, Sweden; School of Occupational Therapy, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
An Engineering or Behavioural Approach? A Study into Employees’ Perceptions Regarding the Effectiveness of Occupational Road Safety Initiatives. SAFETY 2016. [DOI: 10.3390/safety2010007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
|
25
|
A Review of Intelligent Driving Style Analysis Systems and Related Artificial Intelligence Algorithms. SENSORS 2015; 15:30653-82. [PMID: 26690164 PMCID: PMC4721742 DOI: 10.3390/s151229822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Revised: 11/11/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
In this paper the various driving style analysis solutions are investigated. An in-depth investigation is performed to identify the relevant machine learning and artificial intelligence algorithms utilised in current driver behaviour and driving style analysis systems. This review therefore serves as a trove of information, and will inform the specialist and the student regarding the current state of the art in driver style analysis systems, the application of these systems and the underlying artificial intelligence algorithms applied to these applications. The aim of the investigation is to evaluate the possibilities for unique driver identification utilizing the approaches identified in other driver behaviour studies. It was found that Fuzzy Logic inference systems, Hidden Markov Models and Support Vector Machines consist of promising capabilities to address unique driver identification algorithms if model complexity can be reduced.
Collapse
|
26
|
Af Wåhlberg AE, Barraclough P, Freeman J. The Driver Behaviour Questionnaire as accident predictor; A methodological re-meta-analysis. JOURNAL OF SAFETY RESEARCH 2015; 55:185-212. [PMID: 26683562 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsr.2015.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2014] [Revised: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The Manchester Driver Behaviour Questionnaire (DBQ) is the most commonly used self-report tool in traffic safety research and applied settings. It has been claimed that the violation factor of this instrument predicts accident involvement, which was supported by a previous meta-analysis. However, that analysis did not test for methodological effects, or include unpublished results. METHOD The present study re-analysed studies on prediction of accident involvement from DBQ factors, including lapses, and many unpublished effects. Tests of various types of dissemination bias and common method variance were undertaken. RESULTS Outlier analysis showed that some effects were probably not reliable data, but excluding them did not change the results. For correlations between violations and crashes, tendencies for published effects to be larger than unpublished ones and for effects to decrease over time were observed, but were not significant. Also, using the mean of accidents as proxy for effect indicated that studies where effects for violations are not reported have smaller effect sizes. These differences indicate dissemination bias. Studies using self-reported accidents as dependent variables had much larger effects than those using recorded accident data. Also, zero-order correlations were larger than partial correlations controlled for exposure. Similarly, violations/accidents effects were strong only when there was also a strong correlation between accidents and exposure. Overall, the true effect is probably very close to zero (r<.07) for violations versus traffic accident involvement, depending upon which tendencies are controlled for. CONCLUSIONS Methodological factors and dissemination bias have inflated the published effect sizes of the DBQ. Strong evidence of various artefactual effects is apparent. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS A greater level of care should be taken if the DBQ continues to be used in traffic safety research. Also, validation of self-reports should be more comprehensive in the future, taking into account the possibility of common method variance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - P Barraclough
- Centre for Accident Research and Road Safety (CARRS-Q), School of Psychology and Counselling, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Victoria Park Rd, Kelvin Grove, QLD, Australia
| | - J Freeman
- Centre for Accident Research and Road Safety (CARRS-Q), School of Psychology and Counselling, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Victoria Park Rd, Kelvin Grove, QLD, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Swedler DI, Pollack KM, Agnew J. Safety climate and the distracted driving experiences of truck drivers. Am J Ind Med 2015; 58:746-55. [PMID: 25940400 DOI: 10.1002/ajim.22473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND For truck drivers, distracted driving is a workplace behavior that increases occupational injury risk. We propose safety climate as an appropriate lens through which researchers can examine occupational distracted driving. METHODS Using a mixed methods study design, we surveyed truck drivers using the Safety Climate Questionnaire (SCQ) complemented by semi-structured interviews of experts on distracted driving and truck safety. Safety climate was assessed by using the entire SCQ as an overall climate score, followed by factor analysis that identified the following safety climate factors: Communications and Procedures; Management Commitment; and Work Pressure. RESULTS In multivariate regression, the overall safety climate scale was associated with having ever experienced a crash and/or distraction-involved swerving. Interview participants described how these SCQ constructs could affect occupational distracted driving. CONCLUSION To reduce distraction-related crashes in their organizations, management can adhere to safe policies and procedures, invest in engineering controls, and develop safer communication procedures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David I. Swedler
- Johns Hopkins Center for Injury Research and Policy; Bloomberg School of Public Health; Johns Hopkins University; Baltimore Maryland
- Johns Hopkins Education and Research Center for Occupational Safety and Health; Bloomberg School of Public Health; Johns Hopkins University; Baltimore Maryland
- University of Illinois at Chicago School of Public Health; Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences; Chicago Illinois
| | - Keshia M. Pollack
- Johns Hopkins Center for Injury Research and Policy; Bloomberg School of Public Health; Johns Hopkins University; Baltimore Maryland
- Johns Hopkins Education and Research Center for Occupational Safety and Health; Bloomberg School of Public Health; Johns Hopkins University; Baltimore Maryland
| | - Jacqueline Agnew
- Johns Hopkins Education and Research Center for Occupational Safety and Health; Bloomberg School of Public Health; Johns Hopkins University; Baltimore Maryland
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Ghahramani A, Khalkhali HR. Development and Validation of a Safety Climate Scale for Manufacturing Industry. Saf Health Work 2015; 6:97-103. [PMID: 26106508 PMCID: PMC4476196 DOI: 10.1016/j.shaw.2015.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2014] [Revised: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This paper describes the development of a scale for measuring safety climate. METHODS This study was conducted in six manufacturing companies in Iran. The scale developed through conducting a literature review about the safety climate and constructing a question pool. The number of items was reduced to 71 after performing a screening process. RESULTS The result of content validity analysis showed that 59 items had excellent item content validity index (≥ 0.78) and content validity ratio (> 0.38). The exploratory factor analysis resulted in eight safety climate dimensions. The reliability value for the final 45-item scale was 0.96. The result of confirmatory factor analysis showed that the safety climate model is satisfactory. CONCLUSION This study produced a valid and reliable scale for measuring safety climate in manufacturing companies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abolfazl Ghahramani
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Behavioral Sciences, University of Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Occupational Health Engineering, School of Public Heath, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Hamid R. Khalkhali
- Inpatient’s Safety Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Swedler DI, Pollack KM, Gielen AC. Understanding commercial truck drivers' decision-makin process concerning distracted driving. ACCIDENT; ANALYSIS AND PREVENTION 2015; 78:20-28. [PMID: 25732132 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2015.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 02/08/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A concurrent mixed methods design was used to explore personal and workplace factors, informed by the Theory of Planned Behavior, that affect truck drivers' decision-making about distracted driving on the job. Qualitative data were collected via semi-structured interviews with experts in truck safety and distracted driving, and quantitative data were collected via online survey of truck drivers in the United States. Findings from the interviews illustrated how drivers perceived distractions and the importance of supervisors enforcing organizational distracted driving policies. Survey results found that behavioral intentions were most important in regards to texting and crash and near-crash outcomes, while perceived norms from management best described the correlation between dispatch device use and negative crash-related outcomes. By using a mixed methods design, rather than two separate studies, these findings revealed nuanced differences into the influence of supervisors on distracted driving.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David I Swedler
- Center for Injury Research and Policy, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Hampton House Rm 554, 624 N. Broadway, Baltimore, MD, USA; Environmental and Occupationl Health Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago School of Public Health, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Keshia M Pollack
- Center for Injury Research and Policy, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Hampton House Rm 554, 624 N. Broadway, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Andrea C Gielen
- Center for Injury Research and Policy, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Hampton House Rm 554, 624 N. Broadway, Baltimore, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Young KL, Salmon PM. Sharing the responsibility for driver distraction across road transport systems: a systems approach to the management of distracted driving. ACCIDENT; ANALYSIS AND PREVENTION 2015; 74:350-359. [PMID: 24767853 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2014.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2013] [Revised: 02/10/2014] [Accepted: 03/31/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Distracted driving is acknowledged universally as a large and growing road safety problem. Compounding the problem is that distracted driving is a complex, multifaceted issue influenced by a multitude of factors, organisations and individuals. As such, management of the problem is not straightforward. Numerous countermeasures have been developed and implemented across the globe. The vast majority of these measures have derived from the traditional reductionist, driver-centric approach to distraction and have failed to fully reflect the complex mix of actors and components that give rise to drivers becoming distracted. An alternative approach that is gaining momentum in road safety is the systems approach, which considers all components of the system and their interactions as an integrated whole. In this paper, we review the current knowledge base on driver distraction and argue that the systems approach is not currently being realised in practice. Adopting a more holistic, systems approach to distracted driving will not only improve existing knowledge and interventions from the traditional approach, but will enhance our understanding and management of distraction by considering the complex relationships and interactions of the multiple actors and the myriad sources, enablers and interventions that make up the distracted driving system. It is only by recognising and understanding how all of the system components work together to enable distraction to occur, that we can start to work on solutions to help mitigate the occurrence and consequences of distracted driving.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristie L Young
- Monash University Accident Research Centre (MUARC), Monash Injury Research Institute, Monash University, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Paul M Salmon
- University of the Sunshine Coast Accident Research (USCAR), University of the Sunshine Coast, Queensland, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Zohar D, Huang YH, Lee J, Robertson M. A mediation model linking dispatcher leadership and work ownership with safety climate as predictors of truck driver safety performance. ACCIDENT; ANALYSIS AND PREVENTION 2014; 62:17-25. [PMID: 24129317 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2013.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2013] [Revised: 07/25/2013] [Accepted: 09/01/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The study was designed to test the effect of safety climate on safety behavior among lone employees whose work environment promotes individual rather than consensual or shared climate perceptions. The paper presents a mediation path model linking psychological (individual-level) safety climate antecedents and consequences as predictors of driving safety of long-haul truck drivers. Climate antecedents included dispatcher (distant) leadership and driver work ownership, two contextual attributes of lone work, whereas its proximal consequence included driving safety. Using a prospective design, safety outcomes, consisting of hard-braking frequency (i.e. traffic near-miss events) were collected six months after survey completion, using GPS-based truck deceleration data. Results supported the hypothesized model, indicating that distant leadership style and work ownership promote psychological safety climate perceptions, with subsequent prediction of hard-braking events mediated by driving safety. Theoretical and practical implications for studying safety climate among lone workers in general and professional drivers in particular are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dov Zohar
- Liberty Mutual Research Institute for Safety, Hopkinton, MA, USA; Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Bosak J, Coetsee WJ, Cullinane SJ. Safety climate dimensions as predictors for risk behavior. ACCIDENT; ANALYSIS AND PREVENTION 2013; 55:256-264. [PMID: 23571074 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2013.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2012] [Revised: 12/07/2012] [Accepted: 02/15/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
This study examines the interactive relationship between three dimensions of safety climate (management commitment to safety, priority of safety, and pressure for production), and their impact on risk behavior reported by employees. The sample consisted of 623 employees from a chemical manufacturing organization in South Africa. Hierarchical regression analyses were carried out to test the direct effects and the interaction effect of the three safety climate dimensions on risk behavior. The results showed that, as expected, employees' risk behavior was negatively related to management commitment to safety and priority of safety and positively related to pressure for production. Moreover, as expected, the three-way interaction between management commitment to safety, priority of safety and pressure for production was significant. When pressure for production was high, management commitment to safety was negatively related to risk behavior, regardless of level of priority of safety on plant. When pressure for production was low, the effect of management commitment to safety on risk behavior was nullified under conditions of high, as compared to low priority of safety on plant. These findings highlight the importance of managerial commitment to safety in contexts where employees experience tensions between production deadlines and safety procedures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Janine Bosak
- Dublin City University Business School, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Clarke S. Safety leadership: A meta-analytic review of transformational and transactional leadership styles as antecedents of safety behaviours. JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ORGANIZATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/j.2044-8325.2012.02064.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 291] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Clarke
- Manchester Business School; University of Manchester; UK
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Mitchell R, Friswell R, Mooren L. Initial development of a practical safety audit tool to assess fleet safety management practices. ACCIDENT; ANALYSIS AND PREVENTION 2012; 47:102-118. [PMID: 22342958 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2012.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2011] [Revised: 01/11/2012] [Accepted: 01/20/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Work-related vehicle crashes are a common cause of occupational injury. Yet, there are few studies that investigate management practices used for light vehicle fleets (i.e. vehicles less than 4.5 tonnes). One of the impediments to obtaining and sharing information on effective fleet safety management is the lack of an evidence-based, standardised measurement tool. This article describes the initial development of an audit tool to assess fleet safety management practices in light vehicle fleets. The audit tool was developed by triangulating information from a review of the literature on fleet safety management practices and from semi-structured interviews with 15 fleet managers and 21 fleet drivers. A preliminary useability assessment was conducted with 5 organisations. The audit tool assesses the management of fleet safety against five core categories: (1) management, systems and processes; (2) monitoring and assessment; (3) employee recruitment, training and education; (4) vehicle technology, selection and maintenance; and (5) vehicle journeys. Each of these core categories has between 1 and 3 sub-categories. Organisations are rated at one of 4 levels on each sub-category. The fleet safety management audit tool is designed to identify the extent to which fleet safety is managed in an organisation against best practice. It is intended that the audit tool be used to conduct audits within an organisation to provide an indicator of progress in managing fleet safety and to consistently benchmark performance against other organisations. Application of the tool by fleet safety researchers is now needed to inform its further development and refinement and to permit psychometric evaluation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Mitchell
- Transport and Road Safety Research, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
|
36
|
Seibokaite L, Endriulaitiene A. The role of personality traits, work motivation and organizational safety climate in risky occupational performance of professional drivers. BALTIC JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT 2012. [DOI: 10.1108/17465261211195892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
37
|
Kongsvik T, Kjøs Johnsen SÅ, Sklet S. Safety climate and hydrocarbon leaks: An empirical contribution to the leading-lagging indicator discussion. J Loss Prev Process Ind 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jlp.2011.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
38
|
Newnam S, Greenslade J, Newton C, Watson B. Safety in Occupational Driving: Development of a Driver Behavior Scale for the Workplace Context. APPLIED PSYCHOLOGY-AN INTERNATIONAL REVIEW-PSYCHOLOGIE APPLIQUEE-REVUE INTERNATIONALE 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-0597.2011.00448.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
39
|
de Winter JCF, Dodou D. The Driver Behaviour Questionnaire as a predictor of accidents: a meta-analysis. JOURNAL OF SAFETY RESEARCH 2010; 41:463-470. [PMID: 21134510 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsr.2010.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2010] [Accepted: 10/20/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Through a meta-analysis, this study investigated the relation of errors and violations from the Driver Behaviour Questionnaire (DBQ) to accident involvement. METHOD We identified 174 studies using the DBQ, and a correlation of self-reported accidents with errors could be established in 32 samples and with violations in 42 samples. RESULTS The results showed that violations predicted accidents with an overall correlation of .13 when based on zero-order effects reported in tabular form, and with an overall correlation of .07 for effects reported in multivariate analysis, in tables reporting only significant effects, or in the text of a study. Errors predicted accidents with overall correlations of .10 and .06, respectively. The meta-analysis also showed that errors and violations correlated negatively with age and positively with exposure, and that males reported fewer errors and more violations than females. Supplementary analyses were conducted focusing on the moderating role of age, and on predicting accidents prospectively and retrospectively. Potential sources of bias are discussed, such as publication bias, measurement error, and consistency motif. IMPACT ON INDUSTRY The DBQ is a prominent measurement scale to examine drivers' self-reported aberrant behaviors. The present study provides information about the validity of the DBQ and therefore has strong relevance for researchers and road safety practitioners who seek to obtain insight into driving behaviors of a population of interest.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J C F de Winter
- Department of BioMechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 2, 2628 CD Delft, The Netherlands.
| | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Morrow SL, McGonagle AK, Dove-Steinkamp ML, Walker CT, Marmet M, Barnes-Farrell JL. Relationships between psychological safety climate facets and safety behavior in the rail industry: a dominance analysis. ACCIDENT; ANALYSIS AND PREVENTION 2010; 42:1460-1467. [PMID: 20538102 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2009.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2008] [Revised: 07/30/2009] [Accepted: 08/15/2009] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The goals of this study were twofold: (1) to confirm a relationship between employee perceptions of psychological safety climate and safety behavior for a sample of workers in the rail industry and (2) to explore the relative strengths of relationships between specific facets of safety climate and safety behavior. Non-management rail maintenance workers employed by a large North American railroad completed a survey (n=421) regarding workplace safety perceptions and behaviors. Three facets of safety climate (management safety, coworker safety, and work-safety tension) were assessed as relating to individual workers' reported safety behavior. All three facets were significantly associated with safety behavior. Dominance analysis was used to assess the relative importance of each facet as related to the outcome, and work-safety tension evidenced the strongest relationship with safety behavior.
Collapse
|
41
|
Cigularov KP, Chen PY, Rosecrance J. The effects of error management climate and safety communication on safety: a multi-level study. ACCIDENT; ANALYSIS AND PREVENTION 2010; 42:1498-1506. [PMID: 20538106 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2010.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2008] [Revised: 08/16/2009] [Accepted: 01/11/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Work in the construction industry is considered inherently dangerous, despite the technological improvements regarding the safety of work conditions and equipment. To address the urgent need to identify organizational predictors of safety performance and outcomes among construction workers, the present study examined multi-level effects of two important indicators of safety climate, namely contractor error management climate and worker safety communication, on safety behavior, injury, and pain among union construction workers. Data were collected from 235 union construction workers employed by 15 contractors in Midwest and Northwest regions of the United States. Results revealed significant main effects for safety communication and error management climate on safety behaviors and pain, but not on injuries. Our findings suggest that positive safety communication and error management climate are important contributors to improving workplace safety. Specific implications of these results for organizational safety research and practice are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin P Cigularov
- Illinois Institute of Technology, 3105 South Dearborn, Suite 252, Chicago, IL 60616-3793, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Zohar D. Thirty years of safety climate research: reflections and future directions. ACCIDENT; ANALYSIS AND PREVENTION 2010; 42:1517-22. [PMID: 20538108 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2009.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 361] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2009] [Accepted: 12/11/2009] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Looking back over 30 years of my own and other safety-climate scholars' research, my primary reflection is that we have achieved an enormous task of validating safety climate as a robust leading indicator or predictor of safety outcomes across industries and countries. The time has therefore come for moving to the next phase of scientific inquiry in which constructs are being augmented by testing its relationships with antecedents, moderators and mediators, as well as relationships with other established constructs. Whereas there has been some significant progress in this direction over the last 30 years (e.g. leadership as a climate antecedent), much more work is required for augmenting safety climate theory. I hope this article will stimulate further work along these lines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dov Zohar
- Liberty Mutual Research Institute for Safety, Hopkinton, MA and Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 32000 Technion City, Haifa, Israel.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Alper SJ, Karsh BT. A systematic review of safety violations in industry. ACCIDENT; ANALYSIS AND PREVENTION 2009; 41:739-754. [PMID: 19540963 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2009.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2008] [Revised: 02/24/2009] [Accepted: 03/22/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
It is widely known that intentional non-malevolent violations of safety procedures and norms occur and evidence shows that safety violations can increase the risk of accidents. However, little research about the causes of these violations in work settings exists. To help shed light on the causes, this paper systematically reviews the empirical causes of safety violations in industry. Electronic database literature searches were performed to identify relevant articles published prior to January 1, 2007. Thirteen articles met the inclusion criteria and 57 different variables were examined as predictors of safety violations. Study settings were healthcare delivery, commercial driving, aviation, mining, railroad, and construction. The predictors were categorized into individual characteristics, information/education/training, design to support worker needs, safety climate, competing goals, and problems with rules. None of the reviewed studies examined whether violations can improve system performance or safety. Methodological suggestions and a macroergonomic framework are offered for improving future studies of the epidemiology of safety violations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel J Alper
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, 3217 Mechanical Engineering Building, 1513 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|