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Pan Y, Neuroth L, Chomitz I, Davila V, Liu K, McKenzie LB, Lu B, Zhu M. Seat belt laws and prevalence of use among high school students in the United States. Ann Epidemiol 2023; 79:71-74. [PMID: 36587856 DOI: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2022.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine the association between state seat belt laws and the prevalence of seat belt use among a nationally representative sample of teenagers in the United States, taking into consideration state-specific child restraint laws that could affect teenagers of different ages. METHODS Data were from the 2019 state Youth Risk Behavior Survey. We estimated prevalence ratios using modified Poisson regression with robust variance estimates to evaluate associations between state seat belt laws and seat belt use. RESULTS Among, 81,929 high school students under 18 from 36 states, 56% always wore a seat belt when someone else was driving. Relative to students in states with secondary enforcement of seat belt laws, students living in states with primary enforcement were 5% more likely (aPR = 1.05, 95% CI: 0.99, 1.11), and students covered by a child restraint law were 6% more likely to always wear a seat belt (aPR = 1.06, 95% CI: 0.99, 1.12) after adjusting for age, sex, race/ethnicity, and graduated driver licensing laws. CONCLUSIONS States with secondary seat belt enforcement should consider upgrading seat belt laws to potentially improve the prevalence of seat belt use among adolescents, potentially reducing injuries and deaths due to motor vehicle crashes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhan Pan
- Division of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, the Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Center for Injury Research and Policy, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Lucas Neuroth
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Isaac Chomitz
- Division of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, the Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Vanora Davila
- Division of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, the Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Kevin Liu
- Center for Injury Research and Policy, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Lara B McKenzie
- Center for Injury Research and Policy, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA; Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, the Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Bo Lu
- Division of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, the Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Motao Zhu
- Division of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, the Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Center for Injury Research and Policy, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA; Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, the Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
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Malekpour F, Moeini B, Tapak L, Sadeghi-Bazargani H, Rezapur-Shahkolai F. Prediction of Seat Belt Use Behavior among Adolescents Based on the Theory of Planned Behavior. J Res Health Sci 2021; 21:e00536. [PMID: 36511232 PMCID: PMC8957667 DOI: 10.34172/jrhs.2021.71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Road Traffic Injuries (RTIs) are the important causes of unintentional injuries and deaths. In this respect, seat belt wearing is an influential factor in reducing the mortality and severity of road traffic injuries. The rate of seat belt use among is lower adolescents, compared to adults. The present study aimed to investigate the influential factors on seat belt-weraing behavior among adolescent students as car occupants based on the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB). STUDY DESIGN A cross-sectional design. METHODS This study was conducted among 952 adolescent students studying in grades 7, 8, and 9 in the schools of Tabriz, Iran, in the 2019-20 academic year. A researcher-made questionnaire was designed based on TPB for data collection, the validity and reliability of which have been confirmed. RESULTS The results indicated that the rate of seat belt use in the front seat inside the city was lower than that outside the city. Regarding TPB constructs, perceived behavioral control (β=0.137; 95% CI: 0.006-0.013; P<0.001), subjective norm (β=0.313; 95% CI: 0.021-0.032; P<0.001), and attitude (β=0.322; 95% CI: 0.034-0.053; P<0.001) had a significant and positive relationship with the intention of seat belt-wearing behavior. Moreover, the behavioral intention (β=0.571; 95% CI: 0.62-0.64; P<0.001) had a significantly positive relationship with seat belt-wearing behavior. CONCLUSION The Theory of Planned Behavior is appropriate to determine predictor factors of seat belt-weraing behavior among adolescent students as car occupants. In addition, the results of the present study may provide a theoretical basis for policy-making to improve adolescent students' seat belt use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Malekpour
- Department of Public Health, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Babak Moeini
- Department of Public Health, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
,Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Leili Tapak
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Science, Hamadan, Iran
,Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Science, Hamadan, Iran
| | | | - Forouzan Rezapur-Shahkolai
- Department of Public Health, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
,Research Center for Health Sciences, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
,Correspondence: Forouzan Rezapur-Shahkolai (PhD) Tel: +98 81 38380090 E-mail:
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Sarwahi V, Atlas AM, Galina J, Satin A, Dowling TJ, Hasan S, Amaral TD, Lo Y, Christopherson N, Prince J. Seatbelts Save Lives, and Spines, in Motor Vehicle Accidents: A Review of the National Trauma Data Bank in the Pediatric Population. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2021; 46:1637-1644. [PMID: 33978605 DOI: 10.1097/brs.0000000000004072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Database study. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to use a large, nationwide database to determine prevalence of pediatric spine fractures in the United States, associated injuries, mechanisms of injury (MOI), use of safety devices, and mortality rates. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA Spinal fractures account for 1% to 2% of pediatric injuries. However, they are associated with significant comorbidities and complications. Motor vehicle accidents (MVAs) are most responsible for increased incidence observed. METHODS Retrospective review of National Trauma Data Bank between 2009 and 2014 (analysis in 2019) for all vertebral fractures in patients under 18 years of age. Subanalysis included those in MVAs where protective device use data were available. Patient demographics, MOI, geographical and anatomical region of injury, concomitant musculoskeletal/organ injury, protective device usage, hospital length of stay, surgical procedures, and mortality were all analyzed. RESULTS A total of 34,563 patients with 45,430 fractured vertebrae included. Median age was 15 years. Most fractures (63.1%) occurred in patients aged 15 to 17 years, most frequent MOI was MVA (66.8%), and most common geographic location was the South (38%). Males sustained more spine fractures than females, overall (58.4% vs. 41.6%; P < 0.001) and in MVAs (54.4% vs. 45.6%; P < 0.001). Those in MVAs wearing seatbelts had lower odds of cranial (29.6% vs. 70.4%; odds ratio [OR] = 0.85, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.82-0.89; P < 0.001) and thoracic (30.1% vs. 69.9%; OR = 0.88, 95% CI: 0.84-0.91; P < 0.001) organ injury, multivertebral (30% vs. 70%; OR = 0.78, 95% CI: 0.73-0.83; P < 0.001) and concomitant nonvertebral fractures (30.9% vs. 69.1%; OR = 0.89, 95% CI:0.73-0.83; P < 0.001), and 21% lower odds of mortality (29.3% vs. 70.7%; OR = 0.79, 95% CI: 0.66-0.94; P = 0.009). Over 70% of drivers were not restrained during MVA, with majority of seatbelt violations incurred by males, ages 15 to 17, in the South. CONCLUSION Over 60% of pediatric spinal fractures occur in children aged 15 to 17 years, coinciding with the beginning of legal driving. MVA is the most common cause and has significant association with morbidity/mortality. Nearly two- thirds pediatric spinal fractures sustained in MVAs occurred without seatbelts. Absence of seatbelts associated with >20% greater odds of mortality. Ensuring new drivers wear protective devices can greatly reduce morbidity/ mortality associated with MVA.Level of Evidence: 3.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aaron M Atlas
- New York Institute of Technology College of Osteopathic Medicine, Old Westbury, NY
| | - Jesse Galina
- Cohen Children's Medical Center, New Hyde Park, NY
| | | | | | | | | | - Yungtai Lo
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - Nathan Christopherson
- Department of Surgery, Hofstra Northwell School of Medicine, Cohen Children's Medical Center, New Hyde Park, NY
| | - Jose Prince
- Department of Surgery, Hofstra Northwell School of Medicine, Cohen Children's Medical Center, New Hyde Park, NY
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Shults RA, Shaw KM, Yellman MA, Jones SE. Does geographic location matter for transportation risk behaviors among U.S. public high school students? JOURNAL OF TRANSPORT & HEALTH 2021; 22:10.1016/j.jth.2021.101134. [PMID: 35983498 PMCID: PMC9380428 DOI: 10.1016/j.jth.2021.101134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Teen motor vehicle crash fatality rates differ by geographic location. Studies assessing teen transportation risk behaviors by location are inconclusive. Therefore, we explored the role of census region and metropolitan status for driving prevalence and four transportation risk behaviors among U.S. public high school students. METHODS Data from 2015 and 2017 national Youth Risk Behavior Surveys were combined and analyzed. Multivariable models controlled for sex, age, race/ethnicity, grades in school, and school socioeconomic status. RESULTS Overall, 41% of students did not always wear a seat belt. Students attending schools in the Northeast were 40% more likely than those in the Midwest to not always wear a seat belt. Among the 75% of students aged ≥16 years who had driven during the past 30 days, 47% texted/e-mailed while driving. Students in the Northeast were 20% less likely than those in the Midwest to text/e-mail while driving, and students attending suburban or town schools were more likely to text/e-mail while driving (20% and 30%, respectively) than students attending urban schools. Nineteen percent of students rode with a driver who had been drinking alcohol, and 7% of drivers aged ≥16 years drove when they had been drinking alcohol, with no significant differences by location for either alcohol-related behavior. CONCLUSIONS We found few differences in teen transportation risk behaviors by census region or metropolitan status. Age at licensure, time since licensure, driving experience, and the policy and physical driving environment might contribute more to variation in teen fatal crashes by location than differences in transportation risk behaviors. Regardless of location, teen transportation risk behaviors remain high. Future research could address developing effective strategies to reduce teen cell phone use while driving and enhancing community implementation of existing, effective strategies to improve seat belt use and reduce alcohol consumption and driving after drinking alcohol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth A. Shults
- Division of Injury Prevention, National Center for Injury
Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford
Highway NE, Mailstop S106-9, Atlanta, GA, 30341, USA
| | - Kate M. Shaw
- Division of Injury Prevention, National Center for Injury
Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford
Highway NE, Mailstop S106-9, Atlanta, GA, 30341, USA
| | - Merissa A. Yellman
- Division of Injury Prevention, National Center for Injury
Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford
Highway NE, Mailstop S106-9, Atlanta, GA, 30341, USA
| | - Sherry Everett Jones
- Division of Adolescent and School Health, National Center
for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control
and Prevention, 1660 Clifton Road NE, Mailstop US8-1, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
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Bianchi AS, Antunes TH, Bannach EL, Melo JCZLD, Weis LCG. Promoção de Comportamento Seguro no Trânsito: Relato de uma Intervenção. PSICOLOGIA: CIÊNCIA E PROFISSÃO 2021. [DOI: 10.1590/1982-3703003223661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Resumo Este artigo objetiva relatar uma intervenção em Psicologia do Trânsito, visando conscientizar jovens estudantes sobre aspectos importantes do trânsito que estão envolvidos no cotidiano. O projeto “Meu Primeiro Certificado UFPR” foi elaborado como projeto piloto para implementação durante a Feira de Profissões da Universidade Federal do Paraná, desenvolvendo quatro temáticas: o pedestre e uso do celular; cinto de segurança; mobilidade com a bicicleta; e entrar no carro com motorista alcoolizado. Estandes com os temas foram montados em pontos estrategicamente distribuídos na feira. Ao entrar na feira, os estudantes recebiam um material já no primeiro estande; ao visitarem os outros quatro estandes, recebiam carimbos de presença em cada um; e, ao final da feira, o estudante recebia um certificado mediante a apresentação do cartão carimbado. Ao todo, o projeto alcançou diretamente 2674 estudantes de Ensino Médio, 68,7% adolescentes mulheres. Os participantes tinham entre 14 e 19 anos (M = 16,59). Do total de jovens, 72,3% estudam em escola pública. Concluiu-se que a aplicação do piloto foi relevante, uma vez que houve grande alcance do público-alvo, que demonstrou interesse em visitar os estandes e dialogar sobre as temáticas apresentadas. O projeto foi bem avaliado pelos participantes, a maioria (75%) classificando-o como excelente.
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Malekpour F, Rezapur-Shahkolai F, Tapak L, Moeini B, Sadeghi-Bazargani H. Seat belt use behavior among teen students: The role of their demographic characteristics and family members' behaviors. ARCHIVES OF TRAUMA RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.4103/atr.atr_61_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Getting Young Drivers to Buckle Up: Exploring the Factors Influencing Seat Belt Use by Young Drivers in Malaysia. SUSTAINABILITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/su13010162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Many car drivers in Malaysia, especially young drivers, ignore the importance of wearing seat belts. This questionnaire study employed an extended version of the theory of planned behaviour (TPB) by including habit as a new construct to explain the factors influencing the behavioural intention and expectation of young Malaysian drivers to use seat belts. A total of 398 young drivers from the state of Selangor in Malaysia participated in this study. Analyses used a covariance-based structural equation modelling (CB-SEM) approach. The results showed that the variance, which indicates the intention of young Malaysian drivers to use seat belts (R2 = 0.76), is influenced by drivers’ habits and three basic constructs of the TPB (attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavioural control). The basic TPB constructs have a direct and positive impact on the intention of young Malaysian drivers to use seat belts. Drivers’ habits have a positive and direct influence on their intention to use seat belts, and an indirect influence via the attitude and perceived behaviour control constructs. Drivers’ habits do not influence subjective norms. The authors recommend implementing effective measures to encourage Malaysian drivers to use seat belts and ensure sustainable traffic safety.
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Alghnam S, Alyabsi M, Aburas A, Alqahtani T, Bajowaiber M, Alghamdi A, Alqunaibet A. Predictors of Seatbelt Use Among Saudi Adults: Results From the National Biobank Project. Front Public Health 2020; 8:579071. [PMID: 33194979 PMCID: PMC7649265 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.579071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Road traffic crashes (RTCs) are a leading cause of death and disabilities and impose a significant burden on the healthcare system and economy of Saudi Arabia. Around 20% of all hospital beds are occupied by victims of RTCs, which represent approximately 80% of trauma deaths occurring in these facilities. Using a seatbelt is an effective method to reduce traffic deaths and minimize the extent of associated injuries. However, little is currently known about the prevalence and predictors of seatbelt use in Saudi Arabia. More studies are needed to determine the trends of seatbelt use and study the relationship between individual factors and compliance with seatbelt use laws. The aim of the present study is to examine the prevalence and predictors of seatbelt use using the National Saudi Biobank dataset. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted using an in-person survey from the Saudi National Biobank (SNB). The participants were adults affiliated with the Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs in Riyadh who were examined between 2017 and 2019. Chi-squared and Wald tests were used to assess the association between the respondents' characteristics and their seatbelt use. In addition, logistic regression models were constructed to assess the univariate and multivariate associations between seatbelt use and potential predictors. All statistical tests were two-sided, and the findings were considered significant at P < 0.05. Results: A total of 5,790 adults participated in the survey. The majority of the participants (52.44%) were between 18 and 25 years old, half were males, and 58.80% were single. About 42.83% of the participants reported consistent seatbelt use as drivers or passengers. In the multivariable analysis, females were 86% less likely to wear seatbelts than males (OR = 0.136, 95%CI = 0.107–0.173). Individuals who rated their mental health as “weak” were 26% less likely to wear seatbelts than those who reported “excellent” mental health status. Conclusion: Seatbelt use remains low in the country and substantially lower than in developed countries. Young adults, females, and individuals reporting suboptimal mental health were less likely to fasten their seatbelts. These findings are valuable for public health programs to target specific groups and raise awareness about the need to increase seatbelt compliance and reduce traffic injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suliman Alghnam
- Population Health Section, King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre (KAIMRC), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mesnad Alyabsi
- Population Health Section, King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre (KAIMRC), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alhanouf Aburas
- Public Health Department, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Taif Alqahtani
- King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Miasem Bajowaiber
- National Centre for Traffic Safety, Ministry of Transportation, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Alghamdi
- National Centre for Traffic Safety, Ministry of Transportation, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ada Alqunaibet
- Saudi Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Ogawa S, Hayashi K, Nakao H, Shinozaki H. Factors that Associate Japanese University Students' Use of Rear Seat Belts on General Roads and Expressways. J Community Health 2020; 46:603-608. [PMID: 32914314 DOI: 10.1007/s10900-020-00912-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
This study clarifies the prevalence of rear seat belt use among university students and explores the factors that influence seat belt use on general roads and expressways. Questionnaires were distributed to 1,091 students who attended health education lectures: 893 students (81.9%) agreed to participate and met the criteria; among them, 660 (73.9%) provided complete responses. While one-third (33.0%) of rear seat passengers "always" used seat belts on general traffic roads, three-fourths (73.2%) "always" used them on expressways. Multivariate analysis revealed that being male and the perception of obligation and recognition of the benefits of rear seat belt use were associated with use on general roads, whereas the possession of a driver's license and recognition of benefits were associated with use on expressways. Finally, we suggest that educational programs on seat belt use be developed and delivered to general road and expressway users to promote seat belt use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shota Ogawa
- Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, 2-174 Endobashi, Tsu-City, Mie, 514-8507, Japan
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Gunma University, 3-39-22 Showa-Machi, Maebashi City, Gunma, 371-8514, Japan
| | - Kunihiko Hayashi
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Gunma University, 3-39-22 Showa-Machi, Maebashi City, Gunma, 371-8514, Japan
| | - Hayato Nakao
- Department of Health and Physical Education, Cooperative Faculty of Education, Gunma University, 4-2 Aramaki-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8510, Japan
| | - Hiromitsu Shinozaki
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Gunma University, 3-39-22 Showa-Machi, Maebashi City, Gunma, 371-8514, Japan.
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Li A, Shen S, Nwosu A, Ratnapradipa KL, Cooper J, Zhu M. Investigating traffic fatality trends and restraint use among rear-seat passengers in the United States, 2000-2016. JOURNAL OF SAFETY RESEARCH 2020; 73:9-16. [PMID: 32563412 PMCID: PMC7362329 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsr.2020.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Motor-vehicle crash is one of the leading causes of unintentional injury death in the United States. Previous studies focused on fatalities among drivers and front-seat passengers, with a limited number of studies examining rear-seat passenger fatalities. The objectives of this study were to assess trends in rear-seat passenger motor-vehicle fatalities in the United States from 2000 to 2016 and to identify demographic factors associated with being unrestrained among fatally injured rear-seat passengers. METHODS Rear-seat passenger fatality data were obtained from the Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS) database. The fatality rate ratios for overall rear-seat passengers and for different age and sex groups were determined by comparing fatality rates in 2000 and 2016 using random effects models. Risk ratios of being unrestrained for age and sex groups were obtained using general estimating equations. RESULTS Compared to 2000, the overall rear-seat passenger fatality rate in 2016 decreased by 44% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 39-49%). In particular, the fatality rate among rear-seat passengers decreased more in males than females, and passengers aged 14-19 years experienced a larger decline than all other age groups. Fatally injured male rear-seat passengers had a higher risk of being unrestrained (adjusted risk ratio: 1.06, 95% CI: 1.04-1.07) than their female counterparts, and both youngest (≤13 years) and oldest (65-85 years) passengers were less likely to be unrestrained than those aged 20-64 years. CONCLUSIONS Overall, fatality rates among rear-seat passengers have declined, with differential degrees of improvement by age and sex. Practical Applications: Continued restraint use enforcement campaigns targeted at teenagers and males would further preserve them from fatal injuries and improve traffic safety for the overall population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Li
- College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, 700 Children's Drive, Columbus, OH 43205-2664, United States.
| | - Sijun Shen
- Center for Injury Research and Policy, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, 700 Children's Drive, Columbus, OH 43205, United States; Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, 700 Children's Drive, Columbus, OH 43205, United States.
| | - Ann Nwosu
- Center for Injury Research and Policy, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, 700 Children's Drive, Columbus, OH 43205, United States.
| | - Kendra L Ratnapradipa
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 984395 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-4395, United States.
| | - Jennifer Cooper
- Center for Surgical Outcomes Research and Center for Innovation in Pediatric Practice, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, 700 Children's Drive, Columbus, OH 43205, United States; Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, 700 Children's Drive, Columbus, OH 43205, United States.
| | - Motao Zhu
- Center for Injury Research and Policy, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, 700 Children's Drive, Columbus, OH 43205, United States; Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, 700 Children's Drive, Columbus, OH 43205, United States; Division of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, 700 Children's Drive, Columbus, OH 43205, United States.
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Useche S, Alonso F, Montoro L, Garrigós L. More aware, more protected: a cross-sectional study on road safety skills predicting the use of passive safety elements among Spanish teenagers. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e035007. [PMID: 31772115 PMCID: PMC6887036 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-035007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study had two objectives: first, to test the effects of sociodemographic variables, and the effects of three key road safety skills (knowledge-risk perception-attitudes) on the use of passive safety elements (PSEs) among teenagers; and second, to assess the differential impact of the study variables on PSEs use from a gender-based perspective. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS This cross-sectional study was framed in the paradigm of primary care, and it involved students from several educational centres in Spain. A sample of 827 Spanish teenagers (52.4% females and 47.6% males) with a mean age of M=14.41-7 (12-19) years was used. RESULTS Through SEM modelling, we found that the use of PSEs is largely explained by psychosocial variables through the mediation of three road safety skills: risk perception (β=0.103***), rule knowledge (β=0.095*) and attitudes towards road safety (β=0.186***). Furthermore, multigroup analyses showed that, although most variables explain the use of PSEs among teenagers in a similar way, key gender-based differences exist in this regard. CONCLUSIONS Road safety skills have a significant effect on the use of PSEs among Spanish teenagers, and gender explains some differences in the mechanisms which predict them. Also, in the study we discuss the need for strengthening school-based interventions aimed at helping this vulnerable group of road users acquire and develop positive behavioural competences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Useche
- DATS (Development and Advising in Traffic Safety) Research Group - INTRAS (Research Institute on Traffic and Road Safety), Universitat de Valencia, Valencia, Valencian Community, Spain
| | - Francisco Alonso
- DATS (Development and Advising in Traffic Safety) Research Group - INTRAS (Research Institute on Traffic and Road Safety), Universitat de Valencia, Valencia, Valencian Community, Spain
| | - Luis Montoro
- FACTHUM.Lab (Human Factor and Road Safety) Research Group - INTRAS (Research Institute on Traffic and Road Safety), University of Valencia, Valencia, Valencian Community, Spain
| | - Leandro Garrigós
- Generalitat Valenciana (Government of the Valencian Community), Valencia, Valencian Community, Spain
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Freund NM, Turosak A, Dean A, White H. Are we SAFE now? An evaluation of the Seatbelts Are for Everyone teen traffic safety program in Kansas. TRAFFIC INJURY PREVENTION 2019; 20:783-788. [PMID: 31580733 DOI: 10.1080/15389588.2019.1657848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Objective: Teens represent the highest risk group for automobile accidents and are almost 3 times as likely to be killed in an accident. Seat belt use interventions are one way to address this issue, and a student-led program in Kansas called Seatbelts Are For Everyone (SAFE) has increased seat belt use for the past decade. An evaluation of SAFE enabled decisions to be made about program improvement and expansion.Methods: Mixed methods examined multiple aspects of the SAFE program, including summative and formative results. Researchers investigated the program through (1) a quasi-experimental observation to explore whether seat belt use at schools implementing SAFE for the first time was higher than at non-SAFE and (2) stakeholder interviews at SAFE schools. Each method examined whether SAFE programs accomplished goals set by program staff and how SAFE could better meet schools' needs.Results: Summative results suggest that SAFE affects seat belt use. It is less influential on distracted driving but has a small but significant influence on that behavior. Stakeholders cited infrastructure and functional challenges affecting implementation, highlighting ways in which SAFE program staff could improve program compliance and outcomes. Formative recommendations included curriculum support, sharing among SAFE schools, and increasing student leadership opportunities.Conclusions: The evaluation of SAFE suggests that students are receptive to programs about seat belt and traffic safety. States may consider the recommendations for improvement of this program with other published evaluations and programs to determine how best to implement similar programs in their communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole M Freund
- Center for Applied Research and Evaluation, Wichita State University Community Engagement Institute, Wichita, Kansas
| | - Anna Turosak
- Catholic Charities of St. Paul and Minneapolis, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Amber Dean
- Center for Public Health Initiatives, Wichita State University Community Engagement Institute, Wichita, Kansas
| | - Hannah White
- RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
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Géczy I, Saewyc EM, Poon CS, Homma Y. Health-Risk Behaviors and Protective Factors Among Adolescents in Rural British Columbia. J Rural Health 2019; 36:65-76. [PMID: 31411774 DOI: 10.1111/jrh.12389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study explores the relationship between rural residency, selected protective factors (family and school connectedness along with prosocial peer attitudes), and health-compromising behaviors (alcohol and tobacco use and nonuse of seatbelt) among adolescents. METHODS A subsample of adolescents residing in remote areas was extracted from a province-wide, school-based survey in British Columbia (BC), Canada (weighted N = 2,999). We employed χ2 statistic to test rural-urban differences separately by gender. Logistic regression analysis was used to examine the relationship between protective factors and behaviors compromising health. FINDINGS In boys, rural residency was associated with multiple problem behaviors (binge drinking, smokeless tobacco use, and nonuse of seatbelt), whereas for girls it was linked to riding without a seatbelt. The final logistic regression models confirmed that rural environment was a significant risk factor for not wearing a seatbelt among both boys and girls, and smokeless tobacco among boys (adjusted odds ratio between 1.44 and 3.05). Rurality, on the other hand, did not predict binge drinking. Logistic regression analyses also revealed that both school connectedness and prosocial peer attitude protected boys against binge drinking and smokeless tobacco, but the results were not as robust for girls. CONCLUSIONS These findings could provide information for location-based intervention efforts promoting adolescent health, highlighting the protective role of the school atmosphere and prosocial peer relationships, especially among boys.
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Affiliation(s)
- István Géczy
- Northern Lights College, University Arts and Sciences, Fort St. John, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Elizabeth M Saewyc
- School of Nursing, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,McCreary Centre Society, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Colleen S Poon
- School of Nursing, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Yuko Homma
- School of Nursing, Mukogawa Women's University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
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Kauffman JD, Soltani T, McCullough K, Vybiralova P, Macauley K, Danielson PD, Chandler NM. Effectiveness of a collaborative, student-run campaign to increase safety belt use among adolescents. Inj Prev 2019; 26:262-269. [DOI: 10.1136/injuryprev-2018-043075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BackgroundMVCs are the leading cause of death among adolescents. Seat belts have been shown to decrease MVC-related death. The purpose of this retrospective cohort study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a community-supported, student-run campaign to increase safety belt use among adolescents in Southwest Florida.MethodsWe reviewed results of campaigns at 14 high schools from 2012 to 2018. The primary outcome was change in rates of student-driver seat belt use over the course of each campaign. Secondary outcomes included trends in seat belt use and MVC-related fatalities over the study period. Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to compare rates of seat belt use before and after each intervention and over the course of the study period. Multivariate logistic regression was used to estimate the independent effects of demographic covariates on outcomes.ResultsAltogether, 85 campaigns were reviewed. A total of 8500 preintervention and 8500 postintervention observations of student seat belt use were assessed. The median rate of seat belt use increased from 82% prior to the intervention to 87% following the intervention (p<0.001). We did not detect a sustained trend in seat belt use or MVC-related fatalities over the study period. On multivariate analysis, schools with a higher proportion of minority students were less likely to experience a substantial increase in seat belt use following the intervention (OR=0.17, 95% CI 0.03 to 0.84, p=0.030).ConclusionThis collaborative campaign resulted in a modest, short-term increase in seat belt use among high school students. Future studies should evaluate which interventions are most effective and how short-term increases in seat belt use can be sustained.
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Alderman EM, Johnston BD, Breuner C, Grubb LK, Powers M, Upadhya K, Wallace S, Hoffman BD, Quinlan K, Agran P, Denny S, Hirsh M, Lee L, Monroe K, Schaechter J, Tenenbein M, Zonfrillo MR. The Teen Driver. Pediatrics 2018; 142:peds.2018-2163. [PMID: 30249622 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2018-2163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
For many teenagers, obtaining a driver's license is a rite of passage, conferring the ability to independently travel to school, work, or social events. However, immaturity, inexperience, and risky behavior put newly licensed teen drivers at risk. Motor vehicle crashes are the most common cause of mortality and injury for adolescents and young adults in developed countries. Teen drivers (15-19 years of age) have the highest rate of motor vehicle crashes among all age groups in the United States and contribute disproportionately to traffic fatalities. In addition to the deaths of teen drivers, more than half of 8- to 17-year-old children who die in car crashes are killed as passengers of drivers younger than 20 years of age. This policy statement, in which we update the previous 2006 iteration of this policy statement, is used to reflect new research on the risks faced by teen drivers and offer advice for pediatricians counseling teen drivers and their families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth M. Alderman
- Division of Adolescent Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital at Montefiore, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York; and
| | - Brian D. Johnston
- Division of General Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
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Bell JL, Taylor MA, Chen GX, Kirk RD, Leatherman ER. Evaluation of an in-vehicle monitoring system (IVMS) to reduce risky driving behaviors in commercial drivers: Comparison of in-cab warning lights and supervisory coaching with videos of driving behavior. JOURNAL OF SAFETY RESEARCH 2017; 60:125-136. [PMID: 28160807 PMCID: PMC5427714 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsr.2016.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Revised: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
PROBLEM Roadway incidents are the leading cause of work-related death in the United States. METHODS The objective of this research was to evaluate whether two types of feedback from a commercially available in-vehicle monitoring system (IVMS) would reduce the incidence of risky driving behaviors in drivers from two companies. IVMS were installed in 315 vehicles representing the industries of local truck transportation and oil and gas support operations, and data were collected over an approximate two-year period in intervention and control groups. In one period, intervention group drivers were given feedback from in-cab warning lights from an IVMS that indicated occurrence of harsh vehicle maneuvers. In another period, intervention group drivers viewed video recordings of their risky driving behaviors with supervisors, and were coached by supervisors on safe driving practices. RESULTS Risky driving behaviors declined significantly more during the period with coaching plus instant feedback with lights in comparison to the period with lights-only feedback (ORadj=0.61 95% CI 0.43-0.86; Holm-adjusted p=0.035) and the control group (ORadj=0.52 95% CI 0.33-0.82; Holm-adjusted p=0.032). Lights-only feedback was not found to be significantly different than the control group's decline from baseline (ORadj=0.86 95% CI 0.51-1.43; Holm-adjusted p>0.05). CONCLUSIONS The largest decline in the rate of risky driving behaviors occurred when feedback included both supervisory coaching and lights. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS Supervisory coaching is an effective form of feedback to improve driving habits in the workplace. The potential advantages and limitations of this IVMS-based intervention program are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Bell
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Division of Safety Research, United States.
| | - Matthew A Taylor
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Effects Laboratory Division, United States
| | - Guang-Xiang Chen
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Division of Safety Research, United States
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