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Sahoo DK, Wong D, Patani A, Paital B, Yadav VK, Patel A, Jergens AE. Exploring the role of antioxidants in sepsis-associated oxidative stress: a comprehensive review. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1348713. [PMID: 38510969 PMCID: PMC10952105 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1348713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a potentially fatal condition characterized by organ dysfunction caused by an imbalanced immune response to infection. Although an increased inflammatory response significantly contributes to the pathogenesis of sepsis, several molecular mechanisms underlying the progression of sepsis are associated with increased cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and exhausted antioxidant pathways. This review article provides a comprehensive overview of the involvement of ROS in the pathophysiology of sepsis and the potential application of antioxidants with antimicrobial properties as an adjunct to primary therapies (fluid and antibiotic therapies) against sepsis. This article delves into the advantages and disadvantages associated with the utilization of antioxidants in the therapeutic approach to sepsis, which has been explored in a variety of animal models and clinical trials. While the application of antioxidants has been suggested as a potential therapy to suppress the immune response in cases where an intensified inflammatory reaction occurs, the use of multiple antioxidant agents can be beneficial as they can act additively or synergistically on different pathways, thereby enhancing the antioxidant defense. Furthermore, the utilization of immunoadjuvant therapy, specifically in septic patients displaying immunosuppressive tendencies, represents a promising advancement in sepsis therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipak Kumar Sahoo
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - David Wong
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Anil Patani
- Department of Biotechnology, Smt. S. S. Patel Nootan Science and Commerce College, Sankalchand Patel University, Gujarat, India
| | - Biswaranjan Paital
- Redox Regulation Laboratory, Department of Zoology, College of Basic Science and Humanities, Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Virendra Kumar Yadav
- Department of Life Sciences, Hemchandracharya North Gujarat University, Gujarat, India
| | - Ashish Patel
- Department of Life Sciences, Hemchandracharya North Gujarat University, Gujarat, India
| | - Albert E. Jergens
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
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Aydemir Celep N, Gedikli S. Protective Effect of Silymarin on Liver in Experimental in the Sepsis Model of Rats. Acta Histochem Cytochem 2023; 56:9-19. [PMID: 36890848 PMCID: PMC9986308 DOI: 10.1267/ahc.22-00059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
This study, it was investigated whether silymarin has a protective effect by performing histological, immunohistochemical, and biochemical evaluations on the liver damage induced by cecal ligation perforation (CLP). CLP model was established and silymarin was treated at a dose of 50 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg, and 200 mg/kg, by oral one hour before the CLP. As an effect of the histological evaluations of the liver tissues, venous congestion, inflammation, and necrosis in the hepatocytes were observed in the CLP group. A situation close to the control group was observed in the Silymarin (SM)100 and SM200 groups. As a result of the immunohistochemical evaluations, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cytokeratine (CK)18, Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and interleukine (IL)-6 immunoreactivities were intense in the CLP group. In the biochemical analysis, Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP), Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST), and Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) levels were significantly increased in the CLP group, while a significant decrease was observed in the treatment groups. TNFα, IL-1β, and IL-6 concentrations were in parallel with histopathological evaluations. In the biochemical analysis, Malondialdehyte (MDA) level increased significantly in the CLP group, but there was a significant decrease in the SM100 and SM200 groups. Glutathione (GSH), Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), Catalase (CAT), and Glutathione Peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities were relatively low in the CLP group. According to these data, it was concluded that using silymarin reduces the existing liver damage in sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nevra Aydemir Celep
- Department of Histology and Embriology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Semin Gedikli
- Department of Histology and Embriology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
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Kose A, Parlakpinar H, Ozhan O, Ermis N, Yildiz A, Vardi N, Cigremis Y. Therapeutic effects of dexpanthenol on the cardiovascular and respiratory systems following cecal ligation and puncture-induced sepsis in rats. Biotech Histochem 2020; 95:428-437. [PMID: 32043372 DOI: 10.1080/10520295.2020.1714078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) is a commonly used model of sepsis in vivo. We investigated the effects of dexpanthenol (DXP) on heart, lung and aorta in CLP-induced sepsis in rats. Rats were divided into four groups of eight: group 1, sham (SH); group 2 (DXP), 500 mg/kg DXP injected intraperitoneally (i.p.); group 3 (CLP), CLP performed; group 4 (CLP + DXP), 500 mg/kg DXP injected i.p. after CLP. Heart, lung and aorta specimens were harvested for histopathological and biochemical analysis. Heart rate increased in group 3 compared to group 1; DXP administration to group 4 did not alleviate this change. In heart tissue samples, MDA levels were decreased significantly in groups 2 and 4 compared to group 3. The levels of GSH in groups 2 and 3 were elevated compared to groups 1 and 2. SOD activity was increased significantly in group 4 compared to group 3. CAT activity for group 4 was increased significantly compared to groups 1 and 3. We found that caspase-9 and caspase-3 activity was increased after application of CLP. Also, DXP treatment decreased the number of caspase-positive cells significantly compared to group 3. DXP appears to be promising for reducing sepsis-related mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adem Kose
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Inonu University, Faculty of Medicine , Malatya, Turkey
| | - Hakan Parlakpinar
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Inonu University, Faculty of Medicine , Malatya, Turkey
| | - Onural Ozhan
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Inonu University, Faculty of Medicine , Malatya, Turkey
| | - Necip Ermis
- Department of Cardiology, Inonu University, Faculty of Medicine , Malatya, Turkey
| | - Azibe Yildiz
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Inonu University, Faculty of Medicine , Malatya, Turkey
| | - Nigar Vardi
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Inonu University, Faculty of Medicine , Malatya, Turkey
| | - Yilmaz Cigremis
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Inonu University, Faculty of Medicine , Malatya, Turkey
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Elgioushy M, Abdelaal A, Gouda S, Noseer E, Hashish EA, Elgaml SA. Modulations of biochemical parameters in Egyptian buffaloes affected by diffuse peritonitis. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2019.1608135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Magdy Elgioushy
- Department of Animal Medicine, Aswan University, Aswan, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Abdelaal
- Department of Animal Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Shaimaa Gouda
- Department of Animal Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Enas Noseer
- Department of Biochemistry, Aswan University, Aswan, Egypt
| | - Emad A. Hashish
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Shimaa A. Elgaml
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
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Singh SD, Sheik Abdul N, Phulukdaree A, Tiloke C, Nagiah S, Baijnath S, Chuturgoon AA. Toxicity assessment of mycotoxins extracted from contaminated commercial dog pelleted feed on canine blood mononuclear cells. Food Chem Toxicol 2018; 114:112-118. [PMID: 29452190 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Revised: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Raw ingredients of pet food are often contaminated with mycotoxins. This is a serious health problem to pets and causes emotional and economical stress to the pet owners. The aim of this study was to determine the immunotoxicity of the most common mycotoxins (aflatoxin, fumonisin, ochratoxin A and zearalenone) by examining 20 samples of extruded dry dog food found on the South African market [10 samples from standard grocery store lines (SB), 10 from premium veterinarian lines (PB)]. Pelleted dog food was subjected to extraction protocols optimized for the above mentioned mycotoxins. Dog lymphocytes were treated with the extracts (24 h incubation and final concentration 40 μg/ml) to determine cell viability, mitochondrial function, oxidative stress, and markers of cell death using spectrophotometry, luminometry and flow cytometry. Malondialdehyde, a marker of oxidative stress showed no significant difference between SB and PB, however, GSH was significantly depleted in SB extract treatments. Markers of apoptosis (phosphatidylserine externalization) and necrosis (propidium iodide incorporation) were elevated in both food lines when compared to untreated control cells, interestingly SB extracts were significantly higher than PB. We also observed decreased ATP levels and increased mitochondrial depolarization in cells treated with both lines of feed with SB showing the greatest differences when compared to the control. This study provides evidence that irrespective of price, quality or marketing channels, pet foods present a high risk of mycotoxin contamination. Though in this study PB fared better than SB in regards to cell toxicity, there is a multitude of other factors that need to be studied which may have an influence on other negative outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanil D Singh
- Discipline of Medical Biochemistry, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.
| | - Naeem Sheik Abdul
- Discipline of Medical Biochemistry, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.
| | - Alisa Phulukdaree
- Discipline of Medical Biochemistry, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.
| | - Charlette Tiloke
- Discipline of Medical Biochemistry, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.
| | - Savania Nagiah
- Discipline of Medical Biochemistry, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.
| | - Sooraj Baijnath
- Discipline of Medical Biochemistry, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.
| | - Anil A Chuturgoon
- Discipline of Medical Biochemistry, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.
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Ugan RA, Cadirci E, Halici Z, Toktay E, Cinar I. The role of urotensin-II and its receptors in sepsis-induced lung injury under diabetic conditions. Eur J Pharmacol 2018; 818:457-469. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2017.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Revised: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Aamer HG, El-Ashker MR, Nour EM, Wafa EW, Youssef MA. Sepsis-Induced Acute Kidney Injury in Equine: Current Knowledge and Future Perspectives. J Equine Vet Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2016.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Aliomrani M, Sepand MR, Mirzaei HR, Kazemi AR, Nekonam S, Sabzevari O. Effects of phloretin on oxidative and inflammatory reaction in rat model of cecal ligation and puncture induced sepsis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 24:15. [PMID: 27150961 PMCID: PMC4858854 DOI: 10.1186/s40199-016-0154-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sepsis is a debilitating systemic disease and described as a severe and irregular systemic inflammatory reaction syndrome (SIRS) against infection. We employed CLP (Cecal Ligation and Puncture) model in rats to investigate anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of phloretin, as a natural antioxidant agent, and its protective effect on liver tissue damage caused by sepsis. METHODS Male Wistar albino rats were randomly divided into three groups: sham group, CLP induced sepsis group and phloretin treated CLP group. Sepsis was induced by CLP method. 50 mmol/kg Phloretin was administered intraperitoneally in two equal doses immediately after surgery. RESULTS It was observed that blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) levels were dramatically increased in the CLP induced sepsis group (43.88 ± 1.905 mg/dl, 37.63 ± 1.92, respectively) when compared to the sham group. Moreover, tissue Glutathione (GSH) and liver nuclear factor ĸB (NF-ĸB p65) transcription factor values were higher in CLP induced sepsis group. This elevation was considerably reduced in the phloretin treated CLP group. No significant differences were observed in serum creatinine and creatinine phosphokinase levels. CONCLUSIONS The present study suggested that phloretin, as a natural protective agent, act against tissue damages introduced following the experimental sepsis induced model, likely caused by free oxygen radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Aliomrani
- Toxicology and Poisoning Research Centre, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, P. O. Box, 1417614411, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Sepand
- Toxicology and Poisoning Research Centre, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, P. O. Box, 1417614411, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Mirzaei
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Reza Kazemi
- Toxicology and Poisoning Research Centre, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, P. O. Box, 1417614411, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeid Nekonam
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Omid Sabzevari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, P. O. Box, 1417614411, Tehran, Iran. .,Drug design and discovery Research Centre, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Koksal GM, Dikmen Y, Erbabacan E, Aydin S, Çakatay U, Sitar ME, Altindas F. Hyperoxic oxidative stress during abdominal surgery: a randomized trial. J Anesth 2016; 30:610-9. [PMID: 27001081 DOI: 10.1007/s00540-016-2164-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 03/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The hypothesis of our study is that during anesthesia, administration of 80 % oxygen concentration increases oxidative stress more than 40 % oxygen. METHODS Forty ASA I-II patients were included in a randomized, single-blind study. Expiratory tidal volumes (ETV) were measured before induction and after extubation. After ventilation with 0.8 FiO2 and intubation, mini-bronchoalveolar lavage (mini-BAL), arterial blood gas (ABG), and blood samples were taken. Patients were randomly assigned to receive 0.8 (group I) or 0.4 (group II) FiO2 during management. Before extubation, mini-BAL, ABG, blood samples were taken. PaO2/FiO2, lactate, malondialdehyde (MDA), protein carbonyl (PCO), superoxide dismutase (SOD), total sulfhydryl (T-SH), non-protein sulfhydryl (NPSH), and protein sulfhydryl (PSH) were measured. In both groups, mean arterial pressure and heart rate values were recorded with 30-min intervals. RESULTS ETV values were higher in group II after extubation. PaO2/FiO2 values were higher in group II after extubation compared to group I. In both groups, plasma PCO, SOD, and T-SH levels increased significantly before extubation, whereas the increase in MDA was not significant between groups. Plasma PCO, T-SH, and lactate levels were higher in group I, and plasma SOD, and PSH were higher in group I before extubation. In both groups, MDA, SOD, T-SH, and NPSH levels in mini-BAL increased significantly before extubation. Between-group comparisons, PCO, T-SH, PSH, and NPSH were significantly higher in the BAL samples of group II, and MDA levels were higher in group I. CONCLUSIONS We found that 80 % FiO2 decreased ETV and PaO2/FiO2 and increased lactate levels and oxidative stress more, inhibiting antioxidant response compared to 40 % FiO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guniz M Koksal
- Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Kocamustafapasa, 34040, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Yalim Dikmen
- Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Kocamustafapasa, 34040, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Emre Erbabacan
- Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Kocamustafapasa, 34040, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Seval Aydin
- Department of Biochemistry, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Kocamustafapasa, 34040, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ufuk Çakatay
- Department of Biochemistry, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Kocamustafapasa, 34040, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Erinc Sitar
- Department of Biochemistry, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Kocamustafapasa, 34040, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Fatis Altindas
- Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Kocamustafapasa, 34040, Istanbul, Turkey
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Hayward KL, Powell EE, Irvine KM, Martin JH. Can paracetamol (acetaminophen) be administered to patients with liver impairment? Br J Clin Pharmacol 2016; 81:210-22. [PMID: 26460177 PMCID: PMC4833155 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.12802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Revised: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Although 60 years have passed since it became widely available on the therapeutic market, paracetamol dosage in patients with liver disease remains a controversial subject. Fulminant hepatic failure has been a well documented consequence of paracetamol overdose since its introduction, while short and long term use have both been associated with elevation of liver transaminases, a surrogate marker for acute liver injury. From these reports it has been assumed that paracetamol use should be restricted or the dosage reduced in patients with chronic liver disease. We review the factors that have been purported to increase risk of hepatocellular injury from paracetamol and the pharmacokinetic alterations in different pathologies of chronic liver disease which may affect this risk. We postulate that inadvertent under-dosing may result in concentrations too low to enable efficacy. Specific research to improve the evidence base for prescribing paracetamol in patients with different aetiologies of chronic liver disease is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly L. Hayward
- Pharmacy DepartmentPrincess Alexandra HospitalQueensland
- Centre for Liver Disease ResearchThe University of QueenslandQueensland
| | - Elizabeth E. Powell
- Centre for Liver Disease ResearchThe University of QueenslandQueensland
- Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyPrincess Alexandra HospitalQueensland
| | | | - Jennifer H. Martin
- School of Medicine and Public HealthUniversity of NewcastleNew South Wales
- The University of Queensland Diamantina InstituteQueenslandAustralia
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11
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Recent knowledge on the pathophysiology of septic acute kidney injury: A narrative review. J Crit Care 2015; 31:82-9. [PMID: 26475099 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrc.2015.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2015] [Revised: 09/13/2015] [Accepted: 09/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Sepsis is the commonest cause of acute kidney injury in critically ill patients. Its pathophysiology is complex and not well understood. Until recently, it was believed that kidney hypoperfusion is the major contributor of septic acute kidney injury. However, recent publications have improved our understanding on this topic. We now know that its mechanisms included the following: (1) renal macrocirculatory and microcirculatory disturbance, (2) surge of inflammatory markers and oxidative stress, (3) coagulation cascade activation, and (4) bioenergetics adaptive response with controlled cell-cycle arrest aiming to prevent cell death. Uncovering these complicated mechanisms may facilitate the development of more appropriate therapeutic measures in the future.
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12
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Protective effect of astaxanthin against multiple organ injury in a rat model of sepsis. J Surg Res 2015; 195:559-67. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2015.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2014] [Revised: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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13
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Gao M, Jiang Y, Xiao X, Peng Y, Xiao X, Yang M. Protective effect of pioglitazone on sepsis-induced intestinal injury in a rodent model. J Surg Res 2015; 195:550-8. [PMID: 25772146 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2015.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Revised: 02/04/2015] [Accepted: 02/06/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pathogenesis and treatment of inflammatory gut barrier failure is an important problem in critical care. In this study, we examined the role of pioglitazone, an agonist of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma, in gut barrier failure during experimental peritonitis in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Male rats were randomly divided into three groups as follows: sham, sepsis, and sepsis + pioglitazone. Sepsis was achieved by means of the cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). Pioglitazone was administered intraperitoneally (10 mg/kg/d) for 7 d before the experiment. Animals were killed at 24 h or followed 72 h for survival. The tissue level of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, superoxide dismutase, malondialdehyde, and myeloperoxidase was measured. Intestinal mucosa injury was assessed histologically. The plasma fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran, D-lactic acid, and intestinal diamine oxidase were determined to evaluate the permeability and integrity of intestinal mucosal epithelium. Vena cava blood and tissue samples were used to monitor bacterial translocation. RESULTS Intestinal inflammation, oxidize stress, neutrophil infiltration, morphology injury, and impaired permeability of the small intestine in the CLP group were found more severe than those in the sham group. Application of pioglitazone not only minimized all the indicators of intestinal injury and barrier failure but also improved the survival of septic rats induced by CLP. CONCLUSIONS Our novel findings suggest that pioglitazone could protect against intestinal injury and maintain intestinal barrier integrity and might be a useful strategy to ameliorate intestinal failure in polymicrobial sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Gao
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China; Translational Medicine Center of Sepsis, Department of Pathophysiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Jiang
- Laboratory of Shock, Department of Pathophysiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuefei Xiao
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Peng
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China; Translational Medicine Center of Sepsis, Department of Pathophysiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianzhong Xiao
- Translational Medicine Center of Sepsis, Department of Pathophysiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China; Laboratory of Shock, Department of Pathophysiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingshi Yang
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China; Translational Medicine Center of Sepsis, Department of Pathophysiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
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14
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Cámara-Lemarroy CR, Guzman-DE LA Garza FJ, Cordero-Perez P, Ibarra-Hernandez JM, Muñoz-Espinosa LE, Fernandez-Garza NE. Gemfibrozil attenuates the inflammatory response and protects rats from abdominal sepsis. Exp Ther Med 2015; 9:1018-1022. [PMID: 25667670 PMCID: PMC4316892 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2015.2190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2014] [Accepted: 11/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a serious condition characterized by an infectious process that induces a severe systemic inflammatory response. In this study, the effects of gemfibrozil (GFZ) on the inflammatory response associated with abdominal sepsis were investigated using a rat model of cecal-ligation and puncture (CLP). Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups: Sham-operated group (sham), where laparotomy was performed, the intestines were manipulated, and the cecum was ligated but not punctured; control group, subjected to CLP; and GFZ group, which received GFZ prior to undergoing CLP. The groups were then subdivided into three different time-points: 2, 4 and 24 h, indicating the time at which blood samples were obtained for analysis. Serum concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1 (IL-1), malondialdehyde (MDA), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were determined. The LDH, AST and ALT values were significantly elevated following CLP compared with those in the sham group, and GFZ treatment was able to reduce these elevations. GFZ also reduced the sepsis-induced elevations of TNF-α and IL-1. In conclusion, GFZ treatment was able to attenuate the inflammatory response associated with CLP-induced sepsis, by diminishing the release of inflammatory cytokines, thereby reducing tissue injury and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos R Cámara-Lemarroy
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital 'José Eleuterio González', Autonomous University of Nuevo León, Monterrey, Nuevo León 64460, Mexico
| | | | - Paula Cordero-Perez
- Liver Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital 'José Eleuterio González', Autonomous University of Nuevo León, Monterrey, Nuevo León 64460, Mexico
| | - Juan M Ibarra-Hernandez
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Nuevo León, Monterrey, Nuevo León 64460, Mexico
| | - Linda E Muñoz-Espinosa
- Liver Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital 'José Eleuterio González', Autonomous University of Nuevo León, Monterrey, Nuevo León 64460, Mexico
| | - Nancy E Fernandez-Garza
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Nuevo León, Monterrey, Nuevo León 64460, Mexico
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Margaritelis NV, Veskoukis AS, Paschalis V, Vrabas IS, Dipla K, Zafeiridis A, Kyparos A, Nikolaidis MG. Blood reflects tissue oxidative stress: a systematic review. Biomarkers 2015; 20:97-108. [PMID: 25582635 DOI: 10.3109/1354750x.2014.1002807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
We examined whether the levels of oxidative stress biomarkers measured in blood reflect the tissue redox status. Data from studies that measured redox biomarkers in blood, heart, liver, kidney and skeletal muscle were analyzed. In seven out of nine investigated redox biomarkers (malondialdehyde, reduced glutathione, superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, vitamin C and E) there was generally good qualitative and quantitative agreement between the blood and tissues. In contrast, oxidized glutathione and the reduced to oxidized glutathione ratio showed poor agreement between the blood and tissues. This study suggests that most redox biomarkers measured in blood adequately reflect tissue redox status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikos V Margaritelis
- School of Physical Education and Sports Science at Serres, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki , Serres , Greece
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Supplemental Carvacrol Can Reduce the Severity of Inflammation by Influencing the Production of Mediators of Inflammation. Inflammation 2014; 38:1020-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s10753-014-0066-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Zolali E, Hamishehkar H, Maleki-Dizaji N, Majidi Zolbanin N, Ghavimi H, Kouhsoltani M, Asgharian P. Selenium effect on oxidative stress factors in septic rats. Adv Pharm Bull 2014; 4:289-93. [PMID: 24754014 DOI: 10.5681/apb.2014.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2013] [Revised: 01/04/2014] [Accepted: 01/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Severe oxidative stress is an important event that occurs in patients with sepsis. The body has extensive and multiple defense mechanisms against the reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced during inflammation and sepsis. One of these mechanisms includes a group of enzymes that utilize selenium as their cofactor. The purpose of this study is investigating of Selenium effect on oxidative stress factors in animal model of sepsis. METHODS Sepsis was induced by caecal ligation and puncture (CLP) method. 30 Male Wistar rats were divided into following groups: sham group; CLP group; 100 μg/kg Selenium- treated CLP group. 12 hours after inducing sepsis animals were killed and lungs were removed. One of the lungs was frozen in liquid nitrogen and kept at -70°C for enzymatic activity analysis and the other was kept in formalin 10% until tissue section preparation performed for histopathological studies. RESULTS The Myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity was decreased in Selenium- treated CLP group. Inflammation score of lung tissue was lowered in Selenium- treated CLP group, but it wasn't statically significant. Level of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) was higher in CLP and Selenium- treated CLP groups. CONCLUSION It seems that Selenium has protective effect on lung inflammation during acute lung injury. Also it may improve some stress oxidative profile during CLP model of sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elmira Zolali
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. ; Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hadi Hamishehkar
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. ; Clinical Pharmacy (Pharmacotherapy) Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Nasrin Maleki-Dizaji
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Naime Majidi Zolbanin
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hamed Ghavimi
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Maryam Kouhsoltani
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Parina Asgharian
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Benton SM, Liang Z, Hao L, Liang Y, Hebbar G, Jones DP, Coopersmith CM, Ziegler TR. Differential regulation of tissue thiol-disulfide redox status in a murine model of peritonitis. JOURNAL OF INFLAMMATION-LONDON 2012; 9:36. [PMID: 23033955 PMCID: PMC3506439 DOI: 10.1186/1476-9255-9-36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2012] [Accepted: 10/02/2012] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED BACKGROUND Glutathione (GSH)/glutathione disulfide (GSSG) and cysteine (Cys)/cystine (CySS) are major redox pools with important roles in cytoprotection. We determined the impact of septic peritonitis on thiol-disulfide redox status in mice. METHODS FVB/N mice (6-12 week old; 8/group) underwent laparotomy with cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) or laparotomy alone (control). Sections of ileum, colon, lung and liver were obtained and GSH, GSSG, Cys and CySS concentrations determined by HPLC 24 h after laparotomy. Redox potential [Eh in millivolts (mV)] of the GSH/GSSG and Cys/CySS pools was calculated using the Nernst equation. Data were analyzed by ANOVA (mean ± SE). RESULTS GSH/GSSG Eh in ileum, colon, and liver was significantly oxidized in septic mice versus control mice (ileum: septic -202±4 versus control -228±2 mV; colon: -195±8 versus -214±1 mV; and liver: -194±3 vs. -210±1 mV, all P<0.01). Lung GSH/GSSG redox was similar in each group (-191±3 versus -190±2 mV). In contrast, ileal and colonic Cys/CySS Eh was unchanged with CLP, while liver and lung Cys/CySS Eh became significantly more reducing (liver: septic = -103±3 versus control -90±2 mV; lung: -101±5 versus -81±1 mV, each P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Septic peritonitis induced by CLP oxidizes ileal and colonic GSH/GSSG redox but Cys/CySS Eh remains unchanged in these intestinal tissues. In liver, CLP oxidizes the GSH/GSSG redox pool and CyS/CySS Eh becomes more reducing; in lung, CLP does not alter GSH/GSSG Eh, and Cys/CySS Eh is less oxidized. CLP-induced infection/inflammation differentially regulates major thiol-disulfide redox pools in this murine model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shana M Benton
- Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322-0001, USA.
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Cadirci E, Halici Z, Odabasoglu F, Albayrak A, Karakus E, Unal D, Atalay F, Ferah I, Unal B. Sildenafil treatment attenuates lung and kidney injury due to overproduction of oxidant activity in a rat model of sepsis: a biochemical and histopathological study. Clin Exp Immunol 2012; 166:374-84. [PMID: 22059996 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2011.04483.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a systemic inflammatory response to infection and a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Sildenafil (SLD) is a selective and potent inhibitor of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP)-specific phosphodiesterase PDE5. We aimed to investigate the protective effects of sildenafil on caecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced sepsis in rats. Four groups of rats were used, each composed of 10 rats: (i) 10 mg/kg SLD-treated CLP group; (ii) 20 mg/kg SLD-treated CLP group; (iii) CLP group; and (iv) sham-operated control group. A CLP polymicrobial sepsis model was applied to the rats. All groups were killed 16 h later, and lung, kidney and blood samples were analysed histopathologically and biochemically. Sildenafil increased glutathione (GSH) and decreased the activation of myeloperoxidase (MPO) and of lipid peroxidase (LPO) and levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the septic rats. We observed a significant decrease in LPO and MPO and a decrease in SOD activity in the sildenafil-treated CLP rats compared with the sham group. In addition, 20 mg/kg sildenafil treatment in the sham-operated rats improved the biochemical status of lungs and kidneys. Histopathological analysis revealed significant differences in inflammation scores between the sepsis group and the other groups, except the CLP + sildenafil 10 mg/kg group. The CLP + sildenafil 20 mg/kg group had the lowest inflammation score. Sildenafil treatment decreased the serum tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α level when compared to the CLP group. Our results indicate that sildenafil is a highly protective agent in preventing lung and kidney damage caused by CLP-induced sepsis via maintenance of the oxidant-anti-oxidant status and decrease in the level of TNF-α.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Cadirci
- Department of Pharmacology, Ataturk University Faculty of Pharmacy, Erzurum, Turkey
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Ghiselli R, Silvestri C, Cirioni O, Kamysz W, Orlando F, Calcinari A, Kamysz E, Casteletti S, Rimini M, Tocchini M, Giacometti A, Guerrieri M. Protective Effect of Citropin 1.1 and Tazobactam-Piperacillin Against Oxidative Damage and Lethality in Mice Models of Gram-Negative Sepsis. J Surg Res 2011; 171:726-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2010.03.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2010] [Revised: 03/01/2010] [Accepted: 03/25/2010] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Cirioni O, Wu G, Li L, Orlando F, Silvestri C, Ghiselli R, Shen Z, Scalise A, Gabrielli E, Scuppa D, Romiti C, Provinciali M, Guerrieri M, Giacometti A. S-thanatin enhances the efficacy of tigecycline in an experimental rat model of polymicrobial peritonitis. Peptides 2010; 31:1231-6. [PMID: 20381561 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2010.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2010] [Revised: 03/26/2010] [Accepted: 03/29/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the efficacy of the peptide s-thanatin alone and in combination with tigecycline in an animal model of sepsis induced by cecal ligation and puncture. Adult male Wistar rats were randomized to receive intravenously isotonic sodium chloride solution, 5mg/kg s-thanatin, 2mg/kg tigecycline, 5mg/kg s-thanatin combined with 2mg/kg tigecycline. The experiment was also performed with administration of the drugs 360 min after the surgical procedure to better investigate the clinical situation where there is an interval between the onset of sepsis and the initiation of therapy. Lethality, bacterial growth in blood, peritoneum, spleen and liver, and NO indices were evaluated. All compounds reduced the lethality when compared to control. In all experiments, the compounds reduced significantly bacterial growth and lethality compared with saline treatment. Treatment with s-thanatin resulted in significant decrease in plasma NO levels compared to tigecycline and control group. The combination between s-thanatin and tigecycline proved to be the most effective treatment in reducing all variables measured. S-thanatin may have potential therapeutic usefulness alone and when associated to tigecycline in polymicrobial peritonitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Cirioni
- Institute of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
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Ozdemir S, Toplan S, Ercan M, Bayrak I, Uruluer B, Sunamak O. The effect of β-glucan on trace element levels in intra-abdominal sepsis in rats. Biol Trace Elem Res 2009; 132:197-206. [PMID: 19418028 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-009-8385-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2009] [Accepted: 04/13/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Sepsis is associated with the development of progressive damage in multiple organ systems. The beneficial effect of glucans has been attributed to modulation of immune function and enhances defense against bacterial, viral, fungal, and parasitic infections. The aim of this study was to investigate the putative protective effect of ß-glucan on changes of trace element levels in various tissues after experimental sepsis in rats. Sepsis was induced by cecal ligation and perforation (CLP) in 28 male Wistar albino rats. To evaluate this, rats were divided into four groups as sham operated, ß-glucan treated sham operated, CLP, and ß-glucan treated CLP. Sixteen hours after operation, rats were decapitated and zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu) levels were determined in the liver, kidney, heart, diaphragm, and lung tissues. The results demonstrate that sepsis significantly decreased zinc and copper levels of all tissues. The decrease in tissue zinc and copper levels demonstrates the role of trace elements in sepsis-induced tissue damage. Our results indicated that ß-glucan administration did not return the zinc and copper levels to the control group level, and it seems likely that the given dose of ß-glucan was insufficient to prevent sepsis-induced organ injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Semra Ozdemir
- Department of Biophysics, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.
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Sacar S, Sacar M, Aybek H, Turgut H, Onem G, Cevahir N, Teke Z, Kaleli İ, Guler A, Ucak A, Baltalarli A. Comparison of the Therapeutic Efficacy of Linezolid and Vancomycin and Correlation of Serum and Tissue Malondialdehyde and Myeloperoxidase in an Experimental Mediastinitis Model. J Surg Res 2009; 152:89-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2008.03.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2007] [Revised: 03/18/2008] [Accepted: 03/27/2008] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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Dedeoglu BD, Aytac E, Suzer O, Balci H, Uzun H, Seymen P, Seymen HO. Donor heart preservation with iloprost supplemented St. Thomas Hospital cardioplegic solution in isolated rat hearts. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2008; 78:415-21. [PMID: 18583122 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2008.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2006] [Revised: 09/04/2007] [Accepted: 05/15/2008] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This study was designed to assess the influence of St. Thomas Hospital cardioplegic solution (St. Th.) on heart preservation in rat hearts subjected to 6h ischemia when supplemented with iloprost. In the control group (n=8), nothing was added to St. Th., whereas 10 or 1000 nmol L(-1) iloprost was added in the second (n=7) and third (n=8) groups, respectively. Mechanical contraction parameters, cardiac tissue damage and oxidative stress markers were evaluated. The 10 nmol/L iloprost group peak systolic pressure (71.0+/-30.9 versus 41.0+/-9.4 mm Hg) and -dp/dtmax (1103.8+/-94.3 versus 678.6+/-156.8 mm Hg s(-1)) were significantly higher than control group at 30 min of reperfusion (p<0.05). Iloprost supplemented groups had higher GSH and catalase levels of coronary perfusate at reperfusion, in comparison with initial values (p<0.05). AST, CK, CK-MB values increased at 0 min of reperfusion and cTnI values at 45 min of reperfusion (p<0.05) in all groups with no difference between groups. According to our results, iloprost supplementation had mild but significant improvement in postischemic values in mechanical and oxidative stress parameters, resulting in better heart preservation.
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Bouwstra R, Goselink R, Dobbelaar P, Nielen M, Newbold J, van Werven T. The Relationship Between Oxidative Damage and Vitamin E Concentration in Blood, Milk, and Liver Tissue from Vitamin E Supplemented and Nonsupplemented Periparturient Heifers. J Dairy Sci 2008; 91:977-87. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2007-0596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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The effect of taurine on mesenteric blood flow and organ injury in sepsis. Amino Acids 2007; 35:403-10. [DOI: 10.1007/s00726-007-0622-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2007] [Accepted: 09/08/2007] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Abstract
The role of oxidative stress has been well appreciated in the development of sepsis-induced acute lung injury (ALI). Oxidative stress in sepsis-induced ALI is believed to be initiated by products of activated lung macrophages and infiltrated neutrophils, promptly propagating to lung epithelial and endothelial cells. This leads to tissue damage and organ dysfunction. On stimulation, neutrophils (PMNs) enable their migration machinery. The lung undergoes changes favoring adhesion and transmigration of PMNs, resulting in PMN accumulation in lung, which is a characteristic of sepsis-induced ALI. Oxidative stress turns on the redox-sensitive transcription factors (NF-kappaB, AP-1), resulting in a large output of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, which further aggravate inflammation and oxidative stress. During the process, transcription factor nuclear factor-erythroid 2-p45-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and heme oxygenase (HO) appear to play the counterbalancing roles to limit the propagation of oxidative stress and inflammatory responses in lung. Many antioxidants have been tested to treat sepsis-induced ALI in animal models and in patients with sepsis. However, the results are inconclusive. In this article, we focus on the current understanding of the pathogenesis of sepsis-induced ALI and novel antioxidant strategies for therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ren-Feng Guo
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-0602, USA.
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Erdem A, Meltem Sevgili A, Akbiyik F, Atilla P, Cakar N, Balkanci ZD, Iskit AB, Guc MO. Tezosentan attenuates organ injury and mesenteric blood flow decrease in endotoxemia and cecal ligation and puncture. J Surg Res 2007; 141:211-9. [PMID: 17583743 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2006.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2006] [Revised: 08/18/2006] [Accepted: 08/29/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Decreased mesenteric blood flow and multiple organ injury due to free radicals are the consequences of septic shock. Since the blockade of endothelin receptors was reported to exert beneficial effects, we investigated the effects of tezosentan, a novel dual endothelin receptor antagonist, in two different experimental models of septic shock induced either by the injection of Escherichia coli endotoxin (ETX, 20 mg/kg, i.p.) or by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). STUDY DESIGN Swiss albino mice received tezosentan (10 mg/kg, i.p.) or its solvent saline (0.9% NaCl, w/v) twice at 2 and 22 h after ETX or CLP. At 24 h, the animals were anesthetized and the mesenteric blood flow was monitored for 15 min by using perivascular ultrasonic Doppler flowmeter. Then the animals were exsanguinated, and spleen, liver, and kidneys were isolated accordingly for histopathological examination. Thiobarbituric acid reacting substances and glutathione and myeloperoxides activities were also determined in the liver. RESULTS In both ETX and CLP models, there was a decrease in mesenteric blood flow which was blocked by tezosentan. Similarly, tezosentan significantly attenuated the histopathological injury inflicted by both models. Although the glutathione levels were decreased and thiobarbituric acid reacting substances and myeloperoxidase activity were increased by ETX and CLP, tezosentan has failed to block these alterations in a consistent manner. However, a significant interaction between CLP and tezosentan with regard to myeloperoxidase activity and glutathione should be taken as partial evidence to explain the underlying mechanism of protection offered by tezosentan against liver injury. CONCLUSIONS Therefore, we concluded that tezosentan, by working via mechanisms mostly other than the blockade of free radical induced damage, is a useful treatment option for combating the deleterious effects of septic shock such as mesenteric ischemia as well as liver, spleen, and kidney injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aysen Erdem
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
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Ma H, Kou J, Zhu D, Yan Y, Yu B. Liu-Shen-Wan, a traditional Chinese medicine, improves survival in sepsis induced by cecal ligation and puncture via reducing TNF-α levels, MDA content and enhancing macrophage phagocytosis. Int Immunopharmacol 2006; 6:1355-62. [PMID: 16782549 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2006.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2005] [Revised: 12/14/2005] [Accepted: 03/06/2006] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Sepsis in humans is a difficult condition to treat and is often associated with a high mortality rate. Here, we investigated putative protective effects of Liu-Shen-Wan (LSW), a well-known Chinese formula used in treating infectious diseases, against polymicrobial sepsis induced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). The oral administration of LSW, at the first dose of 60 mg/kg and then 30 mg/kg every 12 h, significantly improved the survival of CLP mice during a 4-day observation period. The effects of LSW on the inflammatory response (circulating tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-1 (IL-1) levels and malondialdehyde (MDA) content-an index of lipid peroxidation), infectious degree (peritoneal bacteria counts), and innate immunity function (leukocyte counts, macrophage phagocytosis and neutrophil respiratory burst) were further examined in rats. We demonstrated that treatment of LSW significantly decreased elevated levels of circulating TNF-alpha at 4 h and further reduced plasma MDA levels at 24 h after CLP, at first doses of 15 and 30 mg/kg and then 7.5 and 15 mg/kg every 12 h. Moreover, LSW markedly enhanced clearance of intraperitoneal bacteria associated with the increasing count of peritoneal leukocytes and enhancing phagocytic activity of macrophages partly impaired at 24 h after CLP. In contrast, LSW lightly reduced IL-1 levels at 4 h and failed to improve deactivated respiratory burst activity of neutrophils at 24 h after CLP. Thus, LSW exerts protective effects against sepsis induced by CLP, mainly by reducing plasma TNF-alpha and MDA levels and enhancing peritoneal macrophage phagocytosis, suggesting that it is a potential agent in the prevention and treatment of sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyue Ma
- Department of Traditional Chinese Prescription, China Pharmaceutical University, 1 Shennong Road, Nanjing 210038, PR China
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Aytac E, Seymen HO, Uzun H, Dikmen G, Altug T. Effects of iloprost on visual evoked potentials and brain tissue oxidative stress after bilateral common carotid artery occlusion. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2006; 74:373-8. [PMID: 16687243 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2006.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2005] [Accepted: 03/19/2006] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Effects of iloprost on visual evoked potentials and oxidant/antioxidant status were evaluated after bilateral carotid artery occlusion. There were three experimental groups; Sham (S) group (n=10), bilateral common carotid artery occluded (BCCAO) group (n=10) and after bilateral common carotid artery occlusion, iloprost-treated (BCCAOI) group (n=10). Iloprost was administered (0.5ng/kg/day) for 10 days by intraperitoneal injection. N(2) and P(2) latencies (millisecond) and N(2)-P(2) (microV) amplitudes were recorded 10 days after operation for evaluating VEPs. The rats were sacrificed by decapitation immediately after recording of VEPs. Malondialdehyte (MDA), glutathione (GSH), Cu-Zn superoxide dysmutase (SOD) were studied spectrophotometricly. After BCCAO, MDA levels were increased, GSH and Cu-Zn SOD levels were decreased significantly, and abnormal VEPs parameters were observed. Iloprost treatment after BCCAO decreased MDA and increased GSH levels significantly. Low Cu-Zn SOD levels and impaired VEPs remained after iloprost treatment. Iloprost treatment may protect the brain tissue from oxidative damage during cerebral hypoperfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erman Aytac
- Istanbul University, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Department of Physiology, Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
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Sener G, Sehirli O, Cetinel S, Ercan F, Yüksel M, Gedik N, Yeğen BC. Amelioration of sepsis-induced hepatic and ileal injury in rats by the leukotriene receptor blocker montelukast. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2005; 73:453-62. [PMID: 16162403 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2005.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2005] [Accepted: 07/31/2005] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sepsis is a generalized inflammatory response, which involves organ systems remote from the locus of the initial infectious insult, involves the release of cytokines and the subsequent formation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the possible protective effect of montelukast, a leukotriene receptor blocker, against oxidative damage in the liver and ileum of septic rats. METHODS Sepsis was induced by cecal ligation and puncture method in female Wistar albino rats. Sepsis and sham operated (control) groups received either saline or montelukast (10 mg/kg, ip) immediately after the operation and at 12 h. Twenty-four hours after the surgery, rats were decapitated and malondialdehyde (MDA) content--an index of lipid peroxidation, glutathione (GSH) levels--a key antioxidant, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity--an index of neutrophil infiltration, and collagen contents were determined in the liver and ileum. Formation of reactive oxygen species in liver and ileal tissue samples was monitored by using chemiluminescence (CL) technique with luminol and lucigenin probes. Both tissues were also analyzed histologically. Serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) level were assessed in trunk blood. RESULTS Sepsis resulted in decreased GSH levels, and increased MDA levels, MPO activity, CL levels and collagen contents in both the liver and the ileum (P < 0.05-P < 0.001) indicating the presence of the oxidative damage. Similarly, serum TNF-alpha and LDH were elevated in the sepsis group as compared to control group. On the other hand, montelukast treatment reversed all these biochemical indices, as well as histopathological alterations, which were induced by sepsis. CONCLUSION Findings of the present study suggest that montelukast possesses an anti-inflammatory effect on sepsis-induced hepatic and intestinal damage and protects against oxidative injury by a neutrophil-dependent mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Göksel Sener
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Marmara University, Haydarpaşa, Istanbul, Turkey.
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Işeri SO, Sener G, Saglam B, Gedik N, Ercan F, Yegen BC. Oxytocin Protects Against Sepsis-Induced Multiple Organ Damage: Role of Neutrophils. J Surg Res 2005; 126:73-81. [PMID: 15916978 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2005.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2004] [Revised: 01/05/2005] [Accepted: 01/15/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sepsis, commonly associated with enhanced generation of reactive oxygen metabolites, leads to multiple organ dysfunctions. The neurohypophyseal hormone oxytocin (OT), released during social contact, was recently shown to modulate the immune and inflammatory processes. We investigated the protective role of OT against sepsis-induced pelvic inflammation. MATERIALS AND METHODS Under anesthesia, sepsis was induced in female Sprague-Dawley rats (200-250 g) by cecal ligation and perforation method. Sham-operated rats served as controls. Either saline or OT (1 mg/kg) was given subcutaneously immediately after and at the 16th hour, and rats were decapitated at the 24th hour of sepsis induction. Colon, uterus, and liver samples were obtained for the histopathological analysis of damage and for the measurement of myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, indicating neutrophil infiltration, malondialdehyde (MDA), indicating lipid peroxidation, and glutathione (GSH), a key antioxidant, levels. RESULTS Colonic, uterine and liver MDA levels in the sepsis group were significantly increased (P < 0.01-P < 0.001), while colonic and uterine GSH levels were decreased (P < 0.05-P < 0.01) when compared to the control group. OT treatment reversed the MDA and GSH levels back to the control levels, while hepatic GSH levels were not altered. MPO activity in the colon and liver was increased by sepsis (P < 0.05-P < 0.001) while OT treatment abolished the elevated MPO activity. Collagen levels in the uterus and liver were increased by sepsis (P < 0.01) and OT treatment reduced the collagen levels in both tissues (P < 0.01-P < 0.05). Serum TNF-alpha levels were significantly increased by sepsis (P < 0.001) and OT treatment abolished the sepsis-induced increase in TNF-alpha levels. CONCLUSIONS OT protects against sepsis-induced oxidative damage by acting as an antioxidant agent and its protective effect in the colon and liver appears to be dependent on its inhibitory effect on neutrophil infiltration. Our results suggest that OT may have a therapeutic value in limiting sepsis-associated multiple organ damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sevgin Ozlem Işeri
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Marmara University, Istanbul 34668, Turkey
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Sener G, Toklu H, Ercan F, Erkanli G. Protective effect of beta-glucan against oxidative organ injury in a rat model of sepsis. Int Immunopharmacol 2005; 5:1387-96. [PMID: 15953565 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2005.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2005] [Revised: 02/16/2005] [Accepted: 03/14/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Sepsis leads to various organ damage and dysfunction. One of the underlying mechanisms is thought to be the oxidative damage due to the generation of free radicals. In this study, we investigated the putative protective role of beta-glucan against sepsis-induced oxidative organ damage. Sepsis was induced by caecal ligation and puncture (CLP) in Wistar albino rats. Sham operated (control) and sepsis groups received saline or beta-glucan (50 mg/kg, po) once daily for 10 days and 30 min prior to and 6 h after the CLP. Sixteen hours after the surgery, rats were decapitated and the biochemical changes were determined in the brain, diaphragm, kidney, heart, liver and lung tissues using malondialdehyde (MDA) content - an index of lipid peroxidation - glutathione (GSH) levels - a key antioxidant - and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity - an index of neutrophil infiltration. Serum TNF-alpha levels were assessed by RIA method. Tissues were also examined under light microscope to evaluate the degree of sepsis-induced damage. The results demonstrate that sepsis significantly decreased GSH levels and increased the MDA levels and MPO activity (p<0.05-p<0.001) causing oxidative damage. Elevated plasma TNF-alpha levels in septic rats significantly reduced to control levels in beta-glucan treated rats. Since beta-glucan administration reversed these oxidant responses, it seems likely that beta-glucan protects against sepsis-induced oxidative organ injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Göksel Sener
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Marmara University, Haydarpaşa, Istanbul 34668, Turkey.
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