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Yan X, Managlia E, Carey G, Barton N, Tan XD, De Plaen IG. Recombinant IGF-1/BP3 protects against intestinal injury in a neonatal mouse NEC model. Pediatr Res 2024:10.1038/s41390-024-03069-8. [PMID: 38418592 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-024-03069-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recombinant human IGF-1/binding protein-3 (rhIGF-1/BP3) is currently being tested in phase II clinical trials in premature infants to prevent bronchopulmonary dysplasia, but its impact on the neonatal intestine remains unclear. The aim of this study was to determine whether rhIGF-1/BP3 protects against necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) in mice and to investigate the mechanisms involved. METHODS Neonatal mice were dam fed or injected intraperitoneally with rhIGF-1/BP3 (or vehicle) and submitted to an experimental NEC model. Serum IGF-1 was assessed by ELISA and intestinal vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR2) expression by Western blot. Intestinal endothelial cell proliferation, and enterocyte proliferation and migration were examined by immunofluorescence. Pup survival and histological intestinal injury were determined. RESULTS In pups exposed to experimental NEC, serum IBP3-bound IGF-1 level was decreased. Exogenous rhIGF-1/BP3 preserved VEGF and VEGFR2 protein expression, decreased vascular permeability, and preserved endothelial cell proliferation in the small intestine. Furthermore, rhIGF-1/BP3 promoted enterocyte proliferation and migration, which effects were attenuated by inhibiting VEGFR2 signaling, decreased enterocyte apoptosis and decreased systemic and intestinal inflammation. rhIGF-1/BP3 improved survival and reduced the incidence of severe intestinal injury in experimental NEC. CONCLUSIONS Exogenous rhIGF-1/BP3 protects neonatal mice against experimental NEC via multiple mechanisms. IMPACT Exogenous rhIGF-1/BP3 preserves intestinal microvascular development and integrity, promotes enterocyte proliferation and migration, decreases local and systemic inflammation, and protects neonatal mice against NEC. The article adds pre-clinical evidence of a protective role for rhIGF-1/BP3 on the premature gut. It provides evidence supporting the use of rhIGF1/BP3 in premature neonates to protect against NEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaocai Yan
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Center for Intestinal and Liver Inflammation Research, Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Elizabeth Managlia
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Center for Intestinal and Liver Inflammation Research, Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | | | - Xiao-Di Tan
- Pediatric Mucosal Inflammation and Regeneration Research Program, Center for Pediatric Translational Research and Education, Department of Pediatrics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Research & Development, Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Isabelle G De Plaen
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.
- Center for Intestinal and Liver Inflammation Research, Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
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Fu C, Sun W, Wang X, Zhu X. Human breast milk: A promising treatment for necrotizing enterocolitis. Early Hum Dev 2023; 184:105833. [PMID: 37523802 DOI: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2023.105833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a severe gastrointestinal disorder occurring in newborns, with a mortality rate ranging from 20 % to 30 %. The existing therapeutic approaches for NEC are limited in their effectiveness. Various factors contribute to the development of NEC, including disruption of barrier function, dysregulation of the intestinal immune system, and abnormal colonization of the intestinal microbiota. Researchers have shown considerable interest in exploring the therapeutic potential of the constituents present in human breast milk (HBM) for treating NEC. HBM contains numerous bioactive components, such as exosomes, growth factors, and oligosaccharides. However, the precise mechanisms by which HBM exerts its protective effects against NEC remain incompletely understood. In this study, our objective was to comprehensively review the bioactive substances present in HBM, aiming to facilitate the development of novel therapeutic strategies for NEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changchang Fu
- Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Wenqiang Sun
- Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xingyun Wang
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xueping Zhu
- Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
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Hua C, Wenyong P, Zhongquan Z, Chang X, Xiayun J. Effects of propofol on IGF-1 activity and cell behaviour in the GES 1 mucosal cell model. Growth Factors 2023; 41:32-42. [PMID: 36441130 DOI: 10.1080/08977194.2022.2150189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Propofol is an important and widely used anaesthetic drug in the clinic. Many works have shown that propofol has important biological functions except as an anaesthetic. In the current study, we mainly explored the effect of propofol on the biological activity of IGF-1, which is an important growth factor involved in regulating the growth and development of the stomach. Here, we explored the effect of propofol on the biological activity of IGF-1 in a GES-1-cell model. We found that propofol affected the biological activity of IGF-1. It not only reduces IGF-1/IGF-1R signalling but also changes IGF-1R cell characteristics. We further explored the mechanism by which propofol affected IGF-1 activity. Through a series of experiments, we found that propofol affected the stability of membrane-localised IGF-1R. It also affects the recycling of the IGF-1R receptor Propofol can affect the degradation of IGF-1R by changing the endocytosis of IGF-1R. In short, the current study found that propofol affected the biological activity of IGF-1, which laid the foundation for related research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chai Hua
- Anesthesiology, Jinhua Central Hospital, JinHua, China
| | - Peng Wenyong
- Anesthesiology, Jinhua Central Hospital, JinHua, China
| | - Zhu Zhongquan
- Anesthesiology, Jinhua Central Hospital, JinHua, China
| | - Xiong Chang
- Anesthesiology, Jinhua Central Hospital, JinHua, China
| | - Jin Xiayun
- Oncology, Jinhua Central Hospital, JinHua, China
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Gao Y, Ma X, Zhou Y, Li Y, Xiang D. Dietary supplementation of squalene increases the growth performance of early-weaned piglets by improving gut microbiota, intestinal barrier, and blood antioxidant capacity. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:995548. [PMID: 36406080 PMCID: PMC9669083 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.995548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effects of dietary squalene (SQ) supplementation on the growth performance of early-weaned piglets. Twenty early-weaned piglets were randomly divided into two groups, the squalene group (SQ) and the control group (CON). The CON group was fed a basal diet, and the SQ group was fed a basal diet with 250 mg/kg squalene. The feeding period lasted 21 days. The results showed that SQ significantly increased the final body weight (FWB, P < 0.05), average daily gain (ADG, P < 0.05), and average daily feed intake (ADFI, P < 0.05) and significantly decreased the F/G ratio (feed intake/gain, P < 0.05) and diarrhea index (DI, P < 0.05). In terms of blood biochemical indicators, SQ significantly increased anti-inflammatory factors such as transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β, P < 0.001), interleukin-10 (IL-10, P < 0.001), and interferon-γ (IFN-γ, P < 0.01), and decreased pro-inflammatory factors such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TFN-α, P < 0.001) and interleukin-6 (IL-6, P < 0.001). Furthermore, SQ significantly increased blood antioxidant indexes (P < 0.001) such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), catalase (CAT), and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) and significantly decreased the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) (P < 0.001). The villus height (P < 0.001) and V/C ratio (villus height/crypt depth, P < 0.001) of the jejunum were significantly increased in the SQ group, while the crypt depth (P < 0.01) was decreased compared to the CON group. The intestinal permeability indexes, namely diamine oxidase (DAO), D-lactic acid (D-Lac), regenerative insulin-derived protein 3 (REG-3), and FITC-Dextran 4 (FD4), significantly decreased the concentrations in the treatment group (P < 0.001), and the antioxidant indexes of the jejunum, such as SOD, GSH-Px, CAT, and MDA, were improved by adding SQ. The qPCR results showed that adding SQ could significantly increase the mRNA expression of jejunal tight-junction proteins, such as zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1, P < 0.001), Occludin (P < 0.001), Claudin (P < 0.001), glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2, P < 0.001), and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1, P < 0.001). Then, we used Western blotting experiments to further confirm the qPCR results. In addition, it was found that adding SQ increased the abundance of beneficial bacteria such as Gemmiger (P < 0.01) and decreased the abundance of harmful bacteria such as Alloprevotella (P < 0.05), Desulfovibrio (P < 0.05), and Barnesiella (P < 0.05). It was interesting that there was a very close correlation among the fecal microbes, growth performance parameters, intestinal barrier, and blood biochemical indicators. In conclusion, the data suggest that SQ supplementation could effectively improve the growth performance of early-weaned piglets by improving the gut microbiota, intestinal barrier, and antioxidant capacity of the blood and jejunal mucosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Gao
- College of Life Science, Baicheng Normal University, Baicheng, China
- *Correspondence: Yang Gao
| | - Xue Ma
- College of Life Science, Baicheng Normal University, Baicheng, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Yingqing Zhou
- College of Life Science, Baicheng Normal University, Baicheng, China
| | - Yongqiang Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Dong Xiang
- Muyuan Joint Stock Company, Nanyang, China
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Park SM, He YC, Gong C, Gao W, Bae YS, Si C, Park KH, Choi SE. Effects of taxifolin from enzymatic hydrolysis of Rhododendron mucrotulatum on hair growth promotion. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:995238. [PMID: 36159701 PMCID: PMC9492874 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.995238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Flavonoid aglycones possess biological activities, such as antioxidant and antidiabetic activities compared to glycosides. Taxifolin, a flavonoid aglycones, is detected only in trace amounts in nature and is not easily observed. Therefore, in this study, to investigate the hair tonic and hair loss inhibitors effect of taxifolin, high content of taxifolin aglycone extract was prepared by enzymatic hydrolysis. Taxifolin effectively regulates the apoptosis of dermal papilla cells, which is associated with hair loss, based on its strong antioxidant activities. However, inhibition of dihydrotestosterone (DHT), which is a major cause of male pattern hair loss, was significantly reduced with taxifolin treatment compared with minoxidil, as a positive control. It was also confirmed that a representative factor for promoting hair growth, IGF-1, was significantly increased, and that TGF-β1, a representative biomarker for hair loss, was significantly reduced with taxifolin treatment. These results suggest that taxifolin from enzymatic hydrolysis of RM is a potential treatment for hair loss and a hair growth enhancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun-Min Park
- Department of Forest Biomaterials Engineering, College of Forest and Environmental Sciences, Kangwon National University, Kangwon, South Korea
| | - Yi-Chang He
- Key Lab of Agricultural Resources and Ecology of Poyang Lake Basin, College of Land Resources and Environment, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- Jiangxi Academy of Forestry, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Chun Gong
- Jiangxi Academy of Forestry, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Wei Gao
- Jiangxi Academy of Forestry, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Young-Soo Bae
- Department of Forest Biomaterials Engineering, College of Forest and Environmental Sciences, Kangwon National University, Kangwon, South Korea
- Jiangxi Academy of Forestry, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Chuanling Si
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
- *Correspondence: Chuanling Si, ; Kwang-Hyun Park, ; Sun-Eun Choi,
| | - Kwang-Hyun Park
- Department of Emergency Medicine and BioMedical Science Graduate Program (BMSGP), Chonnam National University, Hwasun, South Korea
- Department of Emergency Medical Rescue, Nambu University, Gwangju, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Chuanling Si, ; Kwang-Hyun Park, ; Sun-Eun Choi,
| | - Sun-Eun Choi
- Department of Forest Biomaterials Engineering, College of Forest and Environmental Sciences, Kangwon National University, Kangwon, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Chuanling Si, ; Kwang-Hyun Park, ; Sun-Eun Choi,
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Kossler AL, Douglas R, Dosiou C. Teprotumumab and the Evolving Therapeutic Landscape in Thyroid Eye Disease. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2022; 107:S36-S46. [PMID: 36346685 PMCID: PMC9359446 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgac168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Thyroid eye disease (TED) is a sight-threatening and debilitating autoimmune condition, with limited therapies available, that often poses diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. In recent years, the treatment landscape has shifted to early intervention with targeted therapy. METHODS A PubMed review of the literature was conducted for the period between 1979 and 2021. Search terms included thyroid eye disease, teprotumumab, targeted therapy, Graves disease, Graves ophthalmopathy, dysthyroid optic neuropathy, and related terms in different combinations. Novel biologic therapies for TED have emerged as alternatives to traditional steroid regimens in recent years. New insights into TED pathophysiology have uncovered the role of the insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R) and led to the development of teprotumumab, an IGF-1R-inhibiting monoclonal antibody. RESULTS Randomized clinical trials demonstrating the efficacy of teprotumumab for TED led to Food and Drug Administration approval. Teprotumumab is gradually replacing immunosuppressive agents as first-line therapy in the United States for active moderate-to-severe TED, while emerging reports also show its use in other stages of the disease. Recent data highlight risk factors for adverse events and screening protocols to maximize patient safety. Personalized therapeutic plans developed through effective partnership between endocrinologists and ophthalmologists aim to enhance the safety and outcomes of TED treatments and improve care for this complex disease. CONCLUSION TED management is shifting to an era of targeted therapy with multidisciplinary care. Teprotumumab has demonstrated superior efficacy to conventional treatments and has transformed our therapeutic and surgical algorithms. Clinical guidelines and additional studies are needed to further guide and refine therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Lora Kossler
- Correspondence: Andrea Lora Kossler, MD, Department of Ophthalmology, Stanford University School of Medicine, 2452 Watson Ct, Palo Alto, CA 94303, USA.
| | - Raymond Douglas
- Cedars–Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048, USA
| | - Chrysoula Dosiou
- Division of Endocrinology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California 94305, USA
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7
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Yan X, Managlia E, Zhao YY, Tan XD, De Plaen IG. Macrophage-derived IGF-1 protects the neonatal intestine against necrotizing enterocolitis by promoting microvascular development. Commun Biol 2022; 5:320. [PMID: 35388142 PMCID: PMC8987083 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03252-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a deadly bowel necrotic disease of premature infants. Low levels of plasma IGF-1 predispose premature infants to NEC. While increasing evidence suggests that defective perinatal intestinal microvascular development plays a role in NEC, the involved mechanism remains incompletely understood. We report here that serum and intestinal IGF-1 are developmentally regulated during the perinatal period in mice and decrease during experimental NEC. Neonatal intestinal macrophages produce IGF-1 and promote endothelial cell sprouting in vitro via IGF-1 signaling. In vivo, in the neonatal intestine, macrophage-derived IGF-1 promotes VEGF expression and endothelial cell proliferation and protects against experimental NEC. Exogenous IGF-1 preserves intestinal microvascular density and protects against experimental NEC. In human NEC tissues, villous endothelial cell proliferation and IGF-1- producing macrophages are decreased compared to controls. Together, our results suggest that defective IGF-1-production by neonatal macrophages impairs neonatal intestinal microvascular development and predisposes the intestine to necrotizing enterocolitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaocai Yan
- grid.16753.360000 0001 2299 3507Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL USA ,grid.16753.360000 0001 2299 3507Center for Intestinal and Liver Inflammation Research, Stanley Manne Children’s. Research Institute, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Elizabeth Managlia
- grid.16753.360000 0001 2299 3507Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL USA ,grid.16753.360000 0001 2299 3507Center for Intestinal and Liver Inflammation Research, Stanley Manne Children’s. Research Institute, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL USA
| | - You-Yang Zhao
- grid.413808.60000 0004 0388 2248Program for Lung and Vascular Biology, Stanley Manne Children’s. Research Institute, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA ,grid.16753.360000 0001 2299 3507Departments of Pediatrics, Pharmacology and Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Xiao-Di Tan
- grid.16753.360000 0001 2299 3507Center for Intestinal and Liver Inflammation Research, Stanley Manne Children’s. Research Institute, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL USA ,grid.16753.360000 0001 2299 3507Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Isabelle G. De Plaen
- grid.16753.360000 0001 2299 3507Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL USA ,grid.16753.360000 0001 2299 3507Center for Intestinal and Liver Inflammation Research, Stanley Manne Children’s. Research Institute, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL USA
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Aavani F, Biazar E, Kheilnezhad B, Amjad F. 3D Bio-printing For Skin Tissue Regeneration: Hopes and Hurdles. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 17:415-439. [DOI: 10.2174/1574888x17666220204144544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract:
For many years, discovering the appropriate methods for the treatment of skin irritation has been challenging for specialists and researchers. Bio-printing can be extensively applied to address the demand for proper skin substitutes to improve skin damage. Nowadays, to make more effective bio-mimicking of natural skin, many research teams have developed cell-seeded bio-inks for bioprinting of skin substitutes. These loaded cells can be single or co-cultured in these structures. The present review gives a comprehensive overview of the methods, substantial parameters of skin bioprinting, examples of in vitro and in vivo studies, and current advances and challenges for skin tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzaneh. Aavani
- Biomedical Engineering Faculty, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), Tehran, Iran
| | - Esmaeil Biazar
- Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tonekabon Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tonekabon, Iran
| | - Bahareh Kheilnezhad
- Biomedical Engineering Faculty, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Amjad
- Biomedical Engineering Faculty, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), Tehran, Iran
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Human Milk Growth Factors and Their Role in NEC Prevention: A Narrative Review. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13113751. [PMID: 34836007 PMCID: PMC8620589 DOI: 10.3390/nu13113751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Growing evidence demonstrates human milk's protective effect against necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). Human milk derives these properties from biologically active compounds that influence intestinal growth, barrier function, microvascular development, and immunological maturation. Among these protective compounds are growth factors that are secreted into milk with relatively high concentrations during the early postnatal period, when newborns are most susceptible to NEC. This paper reviews the current knowledge on human milk growth factors and their mechanisms of action relevant to NEC prevention. It will also discuss the stability of these growth factors with human milk pasteurization and their potential for use as supplements to infant formulas with the goal of preventing NEC.
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Chitosan-chelated zinc modulates ileal microbiota, ileal microbial metabolites, and intestinal function in weaned piglets challenged with Escherichia coli K88. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:7529-7544. [PMID: 34491402 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11496-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
This study was to investigate the effects of chitosan-chelated zinc on ileal microbiota, inflammatory response, and barrier function in weaned piglets challenged with Escherichia coli K88. Piglets of the chitosan-chelated zinc treatment (Cs-Zn; 100 mg zinc + 766 mg chitosan/kg basal diet, from chitosan-chelated zinc) and the chitosan treatment (CS, 766 mg chitosan/kg basal diet) had significantly increased ileal villus height and the ratio of villi height to crypt depth. CS-Zn group piglets had a higher abundance of Lactobacillus in the ileal digesta, while the abundance of Streptococcus, Escherichia shigella, Actinobacillus, and Clostridium sensu stricto 6 was significantly decreased. The concentrations of propionate, butyrate, and lactate in the CS-Zn group piglets were significantly increased, while the pH value was significantly decreased. Furthermore, the concentrations of IL-1β, TNF-α, MPO, and INF-γ in the ileal mucosa of the CS-Zn and the H-ZnO group (pharmacological dose of 1600 mg Zn/kg basal diet, from ZnO) were significantly lower than those of the control group fed with basal diet, and the mRNA expression of TLR4, MyD88, and NF-κB of the CS-Zn group was also reduced. In addition, the mRNA expression of IGF-1 was increased, the protein expression of occludin and claudin-1 was enhanced, while the mRNA expression of caspase 3 and caspase 8 was decreased in the CS-Zn group. These results suggest CS-Zn treatment could help modulate the composition of ileal microbiota, attenuate inflammatory response, and maintain the intestinal function in weaned piglets challenged with Escherichia coli K88. KEY POINTS: • Chitosan-chelated zinc significantly modulated ileal microbiota. • Chitosan-chelated zinc can improve ileal health. • The ileal microbiota plays an important role in host health.
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11
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The effects of IGF-1 and erythropoietin on apoptosis and telomerase activity in necrotizing enterocolitis model. Pediatr Res 2021; 90:559-564. [PMID: 33096541 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-020-01195-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Apoptosis that occurs after hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) has an important role in the pathogenesis of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). Telomerase activity, showing the regeneration capacity, may also be important in the recovery process. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the effects of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and erythropoietin (EPO) on apoptosis and telomerase activity in an H/R model. METHODS Young mice were divided into four groups each containing ten Balb/c mice. Group 1 (H/R) were exposed to H/R; group 2 and group 3 were pretreated with IGF-1 and EPO, respectively, for 7 days before H/R. Group 4 served as control. Intestinal injury was evaluated by histological scoring and assessment of apoptosis was performed by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) test. Proapoptotic and antiapoptotic gene expressions and telomerase activity were analyzed by real-time PCR. RESULTS IGF-1- and EPO-treated animals had decreased histological damage and apoptosis, confirmed by TUNEL test and caspase activity. Telomerase activity was increased in these animals in addition to increased expression of antiapoptotic genes. However, proapoptotic gene expressions were not statistically different. CONCLUSIONS The protective effects of IGF-1 and EPO in H/R damage may be through increased expression of antiapoptotic genes and increased telomerase activity, especially for IGF-1. IMPACT This is a comprehensive study measuring various variables, namely IGF-1, EPO, apoptosis, apoptotic and antiapoptotic genes, and telomerase activity in the NEC model. The intestinal protective effects of IGF-1 and EPO in H/R damage may occur through increased expression of antiapoptotic genes and increased telomerase activity. To the best of our knowledge, telomerase activity has not been investigated in the NEC model before. Regarding our results, novel strategies may be implemented for the early definitive diagnosis, robust preventive measures, and effective treatment modalities for NEC.
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Xiu M, Huan X, Ou Y, Ying S, Wang J. The basic route of nuclear-targeted transport of IGF-1/IGF-1R and potential biological functions in intestinal epithelial cells. Cell Prolif 2021; 54:e13030. [PMID: 33932050 PMCID: PMC8168413 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1) plays an important role in many biological processes in the intestinal tract. However, the cellular behaviour and characteristics of IGF-1/IGF-1R in intestinal cells remain unclear. MATERIALS AND METHODS A series of techniques (such as indirect immunofluorescence, co-localization and Western blot) have been used to systematically study the cellular behaviour of IGF-1/IGF-1R on intestinal cells. RESULTS We found that IGF-1 can not only internalize into the cytoplasm, but also transport into the cell nuclei. We systematically studied the detailed molecular pathways of IGF-1/IGF-1R's nuclear translocation. We found that IGF-1R underwent clathrin-mediated endocytosis into cells and then entered into Rab-5-positive endosomes. Dynein/dynactin were used as motors to drive Rab-5-positive endosomes carrying IGF-1R (cargo molecule) to Golgi apparatus (transit station) along the surface of the microtubule. IGF-1 and/or IGF-1R entered the cell nuclei through NPC (nuclear pore complex), a process mediated by NUP358. Further study indicated that nuclear localization of IGF-1 and/or IGF-1R promoted cell proliferation and increased the nuclear residence time of signalling molecules activated by IGF-1. Further experiments showed that IGF-1R may regulate the transcription of genes in the cell nuclei, indicating that nuclear-localized IGF-1R plays an important in cell proliferation. CONCLUSIONS In short, we revealed the molecular mechanism by which IGF-1/IGF-1R transports into the cell nuclei of intestinal cells. More importantly, the current work showed that the nuclear-localized IGF-1R has important biological functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Xiu
- Department of Intensive care unit, The first hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xia Huan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yang Ou
- The department of Geriatris, The first hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Sha Ying
- The department of Geriatris, The first hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jianmeng Wang
- Department of Intensive care unit, The first hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,The department of Geriatris, The first hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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13
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Mankowski RT, Anton SD, Ghita GL, Brumback B, Darden DB, Bihorac A, Moldawer LL, Efron PA, Brakenridge SC, Moore FA. Older adults demonstrate biomarker evidence of the persistent inflammation, immunosuppression and catabolism syndrome (PICS) after sepsis. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2021; 77:188-196. [PMID: 33721883 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glab080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hospital deaths after sepsis have decreased substantially and most young adult survivors rapidly recover (RAP). However, many older survivors develop chronic critical illness (CCI) with poor long-term outcomes. The etiology of CCI is multifactorial and the relative importance remains unclear. Sepsis is caused by a dysregulated immune response and biomarkers reflecting a persistent inflammation, immunosuppression and catabolism syndrome (PICS) have been observed in CCI after sepsis. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to compare serial PICS biomarkers in a) older (versus young) adults and b) older CCI (versus older RAP) patients to gain insight into underlying pathobiology of CCI in older adults. METHODS Prospective longitudinal study with young (≤ 45 years) and older (≥ 65 years) septic adults who were characterized by a) baseline predisposition, b) hospital outcomes, c) serial SOFA organ dysfunction scores over 14 days, d) Zubrod Performance status at three, six and 12-month follow-up and e) mortality over 12 months. Serial blood samples over 14 days were analyzed for selected biomarkers reflecting PICS. RESULTS Compared to the young, more older adults developed CCI (20% vs 42%) and had markedly worse serial SOFA scores, performance status and mortality over 12 months. Additionally, older (versus young) and older CCI (versus older RAP) patients had more persistent aberrations in biomarkers reflecting inflammation, immunosuppression, stress metabolism, lack of anabolism and anti-angiogenesis over 14 days after sepsis. CONCLUSION Older (versus young) and older CCI (versus older RAP) patient subgroups demonstrate early biomarker evidence of the underlying pathobiology of PICS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert T Mankowski
- Department of Aging and Geriatric Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Stephen D Anton
- Department of Neprhology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Gabriela L Ghita
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Babette Brumback
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.,Department of Biostatistics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Dijoia B Darden
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Azra Bihorac
- Department of Neprhology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Lyle L Moldawer
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Philip A Efron
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | | | - Frederick A Moore
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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14
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The Paracrine Effect of Adipose-Derived Stem Cells Orchestrates Competition between Different Damaged Dermal Fibroblasts to Repair UVB-Induced Skin Aging. Stem Cells Int 2020; 2020:8878370. [PMID: 33381190 PMCID: PMC7759414 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8878370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) are the primary cells in skin and are associated with UVB-induced skin photoaging. Adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) have been proposed as a treatment for skin aging. The goal of this study was to investigate paracrine mechanisms by which ASCs repair HDFs damage from UVB exposure. Methods ASCs were cocultured with UVB-irradiated and nonirradiated HDFs. We compared HDF senescence, proliferation, migration, oxidative stress, and cytokine expression. In a nude mouse UVB-induced photoaging model, ASCs were injected subcutaneously, and skin samples were collected weekly between postoperative weeks 3 through 7. Histological analysis, PCR, ELISA, and immunohistochemistry were used to analyze the effect of ASCs. Results Compared with UVB-irradiated HDFs, nonirradiated HDFs showed higher proliferation and migration, reduced apoptosis, and fewer senescent cells when cocultured with ASCs. The expression of extracellular matrix-related cytokines was also regulated by ASCs. In addition, ASCs effectively reversed UVB-induced skin photoaging in vivo. We propose that ASCs more robustly coordinate healthy HDFs than UVB-damaged HDFs to repair aging skin. Conclusions ASCs improved the function of both UVB-damaged and healthy HDFs through paracrine effects. However, the impact of ASCs on healthy HDFs was greater than UVB-damaged HDFs. These findings help to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of the skin rejuvenation effect of ASCs.
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15
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Subramanian S, Geng H, Tan XD. Cell death of intestinal epithelial cells in intestinal diseases. SHENG LI XUE BAO : [ACTA PHYSIOLOGICA SINICA] 2020; 72:308-324. [PMID: 32572429 PMCID: PMC7755516 DOI: pmid/32572429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Gut injury continues to be the devastating and unpredictable critical illness associated with increased cell death of intestinal epithelial cells (IECs). The IECs, immune system and microbiome are the interrelated entities to maintain normal intestinal homeostasis and barrier integrity. In response to microbial invasion, IEC cell death occurs to maintain intestinal epithelium function and retain the continuous renewal and tissue homeostasis. But the imbalance of IEC cell death results in increased intestinal permeability and barrier dysfunction that leads to several acute and chronic intestinal diseases, such as intestinal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R), sepsis, inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), etc. During the pathophysiological state, the excessive IEC apoptotic cell death leads to a chronic inflammatory condition, later switches to necroptotic cell death mechanism that induces more pathological features than apoptosis and may also induce other lytic cell death mechanisms like pyroptosis and ferroptosis to increase the pathogenesis of the intestinal diseases. But still, there remains gaps in the fundamental knowledge about the IEC cell death mechanisms in chronic intestinal diseases. Together, a deep understanding of the specific cell death mechanisms underlying chronic intestinal diseases, including sepsis, IBD, NEC, and intestinal I/R, is desperately needed to develop emerging novel promising therapeutic strategies. This review aims to show how the acute and critical illness in the gut are driven by IEC cell death mechanism, such as apoptosis, necrosis, necroptosis, pyroptosis, and ferroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saravanan Subramanian
- Center for Intestinal and Liver Inflammation Research, Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
| | - Hua Geng
- Center for Intestinal and Liver Inflammation Research, Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
| | - Xiao-Di Tan
- Center for Intestinal and Liver Inflammation Research, Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA.
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16
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Cheng L, Akkerman R, Kong C, Walvoort MTC, de Vos P. More than sugar in the milk: human milk oligosaccharides as essential bioactive molecules in breast milk and current insight in beneficial effects. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 61:1184-1200. [PMID: 32329623 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1754756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Human milk is the gold standard for newborn infants. Breast milk not only provides nutrients, it also contains bioactive components that guide the development of the infant's intestinal immune system, which can have a lifelong effect. The bioactive molecules in breast milk regulate microbiota development, immune maturation and gut barrier function. Human milk oligosaccharides (hMOs) are the most abundant bioactive molecules in human milk and have multiple beneficial functions such as support of growth of beneficial bacteria, anti-pathogenic effects, immune modulating effects, and stimulation of intestine barrier functions. Here we critically review the current insight into the benefits of bioactive molecules in mother milk that contribute to neonatal development and focus on current knowledge of hMO-functions on microbiota and the gastrointestinal immune barrier. hMOs produced via genetically engineered microorganisms are now applied in infant formulas to mimic the nutritional composition of breast milk as closely as possible, and their prospects and scientific challenges are discussed in depth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianghui Cheng
- Immunoendocrinology, Division of Medical Biology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Renate Akkerman
- Immunoendocrinology, Division of Medical Biology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Chunli Kong
- Immunoendocrinology, Division of Medical Biology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marthe T C Walvoort
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Paul de Vos
- Immunoendocrinology, Division of Medical Biology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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17
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Berberine combined with cyclosporine A alleviates acute graft-versus-host disease in murine models. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 81:106205. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 12/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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18
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Holgersen K, Gao X, Narayanan R, Gaur T, Carey G, Barton N, Pan X, Muk T, Thymann T, Sangild PT. Supplemental Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 and Necrotizing Enterocolitis in Preterm Pigs. Front Pediatr 2020; 8:602047. [PMID: 33614541 PMCID: PMC7891102 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2020.602047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Recombinant human IGF-1/binding protein-3 (rhIGF-1/BP-3) is currently tested as a therapy in preterm infants but possible effects on the gut, including necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), have not been tested. The aim of this study was to evaluate if rhIGF-1/BP-3 supplementation in the first days after birth negatively affects clinical variables like growth, physical activity, blood chemistry and hematology and gut maturation (e.g., intestinal permeability, morphology, enzyme activities, cytokine levels, enterocyte proliferation, NEC lesions), using NEC-sensitive preterm pigs as a model for preterm infants. Methods: Preterm pigs were given twice daily subcutaneous injections of rhIGF-1/BP-3 or vehicle. Blood was collected for IGF-1 measurements and gut tissue for NEC evaluation and biochemical analyses on day 5. Results: Baseline circulating IGF-1 levels were low in preterm pigs compared with near-term pigs reared by their mother (<20 vs. 70 ng/ml). Injection with rhIGF-1/BP-3 resulted in increased plasma IGF-1 levels for up to 6 h after injection (>40 ng/mL). rhIGF-1/BP-3 treatment reduced the incidence of severe NEC lesions (7/24 vs.16/24, p = 0.01) and overall NEC severity (1.8 ± 0.2 vs. 2.6 ± 0.3, p < 0.05, with most lesions occurring in colon). In the small intestine, villi length (405 ± 25 vs. 345 ± 33 μm) and activities of the brush border peptidases aminopeptidase N and dipeptidylpeptidase IV were increased in rhIGF-1/BP-3 treated pigs, relative to control pigs (+31-44%, both p < 0.05). The treatment had no effects on body weight, blood chemistry or hematology, except for an increase in blood leucocyte and neutrophil counts (p < 0.05, i.e., reduced neonatal neutropenia). Likewise, rhIGF-1/BP-3 treatment did not affect intestinal tissue cytokine levels (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, TNFα,), enterocyte proliferation, goblet cell density, permeability or bacterial translocation to the bone marrow. Conclusion: Supplemental rhIGF-1/BP-3 did not negatively affect any of the measured variables of clinical status or gut maturation in preterm pigs. Longer-term safety and efficacy of exogenous rhIGF-1/BP-3 to support maturation of the gut and other critical organs in preterm newborns remain to be investigated in both pigs and infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristine Holgersen
- Comparative Pediatrics and Nutrition, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Xiaoyan Gao
- Comparative Pediatrics and Nutrition, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark.,Department of Neonatology, Southern Medical University Affiliated Maternal & Child Health Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, China
| | | | | | | | | | - Xiaoyu Pan
- Comparative Pediatrics and Nutrition, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Tik Muk
- Comparative Pediatrics and Nutrition, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Thomas Thymann
- Comparative Pediatrics and Nutrition, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Per Torp Sangild
- Comparative Pediatrics and Nutrition, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark.,Department of Neonatology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Pediatrics, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
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19
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Protective Effect of Fat Extract on UVB-Induced Photoaging In Vitro and In Vivo. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:6146942. [PMID: 31531185 PMCID: PMC6720842 DOI: 10.1155/2019/6146942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Background Nanofat can protect against ultraviolet B- (UVB-) induced damage in nude mice. Fat extract (FE) is a cell-free fraction isolated from nanofat that is enriched with a variety of growth factors. Objective To determine whether FE can protect against UVB-induced photoaging in cultured dermal fibroblasts and in nude mice. Method For the in vitro study, human dermal skin fibroblasts were pretreated with FE 24 h prior to UVB irradiation. Generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was analyzed immediately following irradiation, while cell cycle analysis was performed 24 h after UVB irradiation. Senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal) expression, cell proliferation, and expression of glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPX-1), catalase, superoxide dismutase-1 (SOD-1), SOD-2, and collagen type 1 (COL-1) were investigated 72 h after UVB irradiation. For the in vivo study, the dorsal skin of nude mice was irradiated with UVB and mice were then treated with FE for 8 weeks. The thickness of the dermis, capillary density, and apoptotic cells in skin tissue sections were investigated after treatment. The expression of GPX-1, catalase, SOD-2, SOD-1, and COL-1 in the tissue was also measured. Result FE significantly increased cell proliferation and protected cells against UVB-induced cell death and cell cycle arrest. FE reduced ROS and the number of aged cells induced by UVB irradiation. FE promoted the expression of COL-1 and GPX-1 in cultured dermal fibroblasts. FE treatment of UVB-irradiated skin increased dermal thickness and capillary density, decreased the number of apoptotic cells, and promoted the expression of COL-1 and GPX-1. Conclusion FE protects human dermal fibroblasts and the skin of nude mice from UVB-induced photoaging through its antioxidant, antiapoptotic, and proangiogenic activities.
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20
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Shojafar E, Mehranjani MS, Shariatzadeh SM. Utilizing platelet-rich fibrin bioscaffold at the graft site improves the structure and function of mice ovarian grafts. Regen Med 2019; 14:409-422. [PMID: 31187701 DOI: 10.2217/rme-2018-0050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: The effect of platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) bioscaffold on the structure and function of mice-autotransplanted ovaries was investigated. Materials & methods: Mice were divided into three groups: control, autografted and autografted + PRF bioscaffold. Angiogenesis, ovary histology and serum biochemical factors were assessed. Results: The total volume of the ovary, the number of follicles and the level of superoxide dismutase activity, total antioxidant capacity, IL-10, progesterone and estradiol were significantly higher in the autografted + PRF bioscaffold group compared with the autografted group. In the autografted + PRF bioscaffold group, angiogenesis was accelerated and apoptosis rate, IL-6, TNF-α, malondialdehyde concentrations were significantly lower compared with the autografted group. Conclusion: PRF bioscaffold improves the structure and function of mice-autografted ovary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Shojafar
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Arak University, Arak 381-5688138, Iran
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21
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Cryopreserved H2
O2
-preconditioned human adipose-derived stem cells exhibit fast post-thaw recovery and enhanced bioactivity against oxidative stress. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2019; 13:328-341. [DOI: 10.1002/term.2797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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22
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Sun H, Zhang Y, Bai L, Wang Y, Yang L, Su W, Gao S. Heat stress decreased hair follicle population in rex rabbits. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2018; 103:501-508. [PMID: 30593693 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was conducted to investigate the effect of heat stress on the hair follicle population and related signalling pathways in rex rabbits. Forty-eight rabbits were randomly divided into two groups: one group in a high ambient environment (32 ± 2°C, heat stress) and the other group with normal temperature (20 ± 2°C, control). The results show that heat stress decreased the body weight gain and feed conversion rate, rabbit hair length and hair follicle density (p < 0.05). Besides, heat stress suppressed the gene expression of noggin, insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and IGF-1 receptor and protein expression of phosphorylated mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) in rabbit skin (p < 0.05), while stimulated significantly the gene expression of bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) and BMP4 (p < 0.05). Heat exposure did not alter significantly the gene expression of alkaline phosphatase, versican and hepatocyte growth factor compared with the control (p > 0.05). In conclusion, noggin-BMP, IGF-1 and mTOR signalling pathways may be associated with the process of heat stress-repressing hair follicle development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Sun
- Shangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Key Lab of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yin Zhang
- Shangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Key Lab of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Liya Bai
- Shangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Key Lab of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yuding Wang
- Shangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Key Lab of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Liping Yang
- Shangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Key Lab of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Wenzheng Su
- Shangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Key Lab of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Shuxia Gao
- Shangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Key Lab of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Jinan, China
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23
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Cakir U, Tayman C, Serkant U, Yakut HI, Cakir E, Ates U, Koyuncu I, Karaogul E. Ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) for the treatment and prevention of necrotizing enterocolitis. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 225:297-308. [PMID: 30005955 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2018] [Revised: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is the most important gastrointestinal emergency affecting especially preterm infants and causes severe morbidities and mortality. However, there is no cure. Oxidant stress, inflammation, apoptosis, as well as prematurity are believed to responsible in the pathogenesis of the disease. Ginger and its compounds have anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, anti-oxidant properties and immunomodulatory, cytoprotective/regenerative actions. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aimed to evaluate the beneficial effects of ginger on the intestinal damage in an experimental rat model of NEC. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty newborn Wistar rats were divided into three groups: NEC, NEC + ginger and control in this experimental study. NEC was induced by injection of intraperitoneal lipopolysaccharide, feeding with enteral formula, hypoxia-hyperoxia and cold stress exposure. The pups in the NEC + ginger group were orally administered ginger at a dose of 1000 mg/kg/day. Proximal colon and ileum were excised. Histopathological, immunohistochemical (TUNEL for apoptosis, caspase 3 and 8) and biochemical assays including xanthine oxidase (XO), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), malonaldehyde (MDA) and myeloperoxidase (MPO), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin1β (IL-1β), and interleukin 6 (IL-6) activity were evaluated. RESULTS Compared with the NEC group, the rat pups in the NEC + ginger group had better clinical disease scores and weight gain (p < 0.05). Macroscopic evaluation, Histopathologic and apoptosis assessment (TUNEL, caspase 3 and 8) releaved that severity of intestinal damage were significantly lower in the NEC + ginger group (p < 0.05). The levels of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 in the ginger treated group were significantly decreased (P < 0.05). The GSH-Px and SOD levels of the ginger treated group were significantly preserved in the NEC + ginger group (p < 0.05). The tissue XO, MDA and MPO levels of the NEC + ginger group were significantly lower than those in the NEC group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Ginger therapy efficiently ameliorated the severity of intestinal damage in NEC and may be a promising treatment option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ufuk Cakir
- Department of Neonatology, Health Sciences University, Zekai Tahir Burak Maternity Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Cuneyt Tayman
- Health Sciences University, Zekai Tahir Burak Maternity Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Utku Serkant
- Department of Biochemistry, Golbası Public Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Halil Ibrahim Yakut
- Department of Pediatrics, Health Sciences University, Ankara Hematology Oncology Children Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Esra Cakir
- Health Sciences University, Anesthesiology and Clinical of Critical Care, Ankara Numune Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Ufuk Ates
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Ismail Koyuncu
- Harran University Faculty of Medicine Department of Biochemistry, Sanlıurfa, Turkey.
| | - Eyyup Karaogul
- Harran University Engineering Faculty Food Science and Technology, Sanlıurfa, Turkey.
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Tang F, Ling C, Liu J. Reduced expression of growth differentiation factor 11 promoted the progression of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease by activating the AKT signaling pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 103:691-698. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.04.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Revised: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
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25
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Xiong J, Song J. [Research progress of adipose-derived stem cells on refractory wounds]. ZHONGGUO XIU FU CHONG JIAN WAI KE ZA ZHI = ZHONGGUO XIUFU CHONGJIAN WAIKE ZAZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF REPARATIVE AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY 2018; 32:457-461. [PMID: 29806304 DOI: 10.7507/1002-1892.201712078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Objective To summarize the recent advances in the research of adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) for the treatment of refractory wounds. Methods The related literature about using ADSCs for treating refractory wounds in recent years was reviewed, and their repair mechanism and treatment progress were summarized in detail. Results Tremendous progress has been achieved in using ADSCs in combination with single stent technology, sheet technology, and other methods to promote the healing of refractory wounds. ADSCs can accelerate wound angiogenesis and promote the healing of refractory wounds through its own mechanisms of paracrine, proangiogenic, anti-oxidative and apoptosis. Conclusion With the advantages of adequate sources, easy to extract and culture, non-immune rejection, multidirectional differentiation potential, and significant angiogenic potential, ADSCs has become the ideal seed cells of tissue regeneration. However, it is necessary to improve stem cell transmission technology and develop biomaterials for clinical application in order to improve the refractory wounds healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiachao Xiong
- Graduate School, the Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, P.R.China
| | - Jianxing Song
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Changhai Hospital, the Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433,
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MicroRNA-30a-3p is overexpressed in the placentas of patients with preeclampsia and affects trophoblast invasion and apoptosis by its effects on IGF-1. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2018; 218:249.e1-249.e12. [PMID: 29155142 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2017.11.568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Revised: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Preeclampsia (PE) affects many women globally and remains a primary cause of neonatal and maternal morbidity and mortality. Aberrant placental microRNA (miRNA) expression might be associated with PE. Previously, 33 PE-related miRNAs, 11 up-regulated and 23 down-regulated, were detected in placentas of women with severe PE when compared with those of normal patients. One of the most up-regulated miRNAs in PE is miR-30a-3p. The predicted target of it is insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), which has been reported to have a relatively low expression level in PE patients. This study was conducted to determine the aberrant increased of miR-30a-3p in the placentas of women with preeclampsia and to elucidate the target and function of it in trophoblast cells. STUDY DESIGN miR-30a-3p expression in placenta tissues was compared between women with preeclampsia (n = 25) and normal pregnant women (n = 20). The miRNA target was studied by in silico and functional assay. The effects of the miRNA were verified by apoptosis assay and invasion assay in the trophoblast cell line. RESULTS miR-30a-3p was increased significantly in the placenta of women with preeclampsia when compared to those with normal pregnancies. Luciferase assay confirmed direct regulation of miR-30a-3p on the expression of IGF-1. Forced expression of miR-30a-3p suppressed IGF-1 protein expression in the HTR-8/SVneo cells. The functional assay suggests that the over-expression of miR-30a-3p alter the invasive capacity of JEG-3 cells and induce the apoptosis of HTR-8/SVneo cells (Figure). CONCLUSION Expression of miR-30a-3p was significantly increased in the placentas of patients with preeclampsia. miR-30a-3p might be involved in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia by targeting IGF-1 and regulating the invasion and apoptosis of trophoblast cells.
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Venugopal C, Prasad YSHC, Shobha K, Pinnelli VB, Dhanushkodi A. HEK-293 secretome attenuates kainic acid neurotoxicity through insulin like growth factor-phosphatidylinositol-3-kinases pathway and by temporal regulation of antioxidant defense machineries. Neurotoxicology 2017; 69:189-200. [PMID: 29208536 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2017.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Revised: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
A major impediment in the success of cell therapy for neurodegenerative diseases is the poor survival of grafted cells in the in vivo milieu, predominantly due to accumulated reactive oxygen species, thus prompting the search for suitable alternatives. Accumulating evidence suggests that the therapeutic potential of transplanted cells is partially attributed to the secretome released by them into the extracellular milieu. Studies that investigated the neuroprotective potential of the secretome attributes to the mere presence of growth factors without addressing other underlying cellular/molecular changes that occur upon post-secretome intervention like re-establishing the host cell's free radical scavenging machineries. In the present study, we investigated the neuroprotective effects of human embryonic kidney (HEK-293) cell line derived secretome (HEK-S) in an in vitro model of kainic acid (KA) induced neurodegeneration and explored the possible neuroprotective mechanism(s) of HEK-S. Murine hippocampal cells were exposed to toxic doses of KA (200μM) for 6hours (H) or 24H to induce excitotoxicity. Kainic acid exposed hippocampal cells were then treated with HEK-S either simultaneously or 6h post-KA exposure. Our results revealed that HEK-S confers significant neuroprotection in early/later stages of neurodegeneration through insulin like growth factor (IGF) - phosphatidylinositol-3-kinases (PI3K) pathway, efficiently restoring the host's free radical scavenging mechanisms at molecular-cellular-biochemical levels and also by modulating kainate receptor subunit expressions in host neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaitra Venugopal
- School of Regenerative Medicine, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Yelahanka, Bangalore, 560065, India
| | - Y S Harish Chandra Prasad
- School of Regenerative Medicine, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Yelahanka, Bangalore, 560065, India
| | - K Shobha
- School of Regenerative Medicine, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Yelahanka, Bangalore, 560065, India
| | | | - Anandh Dhanushkodi
- School of Regenerative Medicine, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Yelahanka, Bangalore, 560065, India.
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Xu L, Zhang W, Sun R, Liu J, Hong J, Li Q, Hu B, Gong F. IGF-1 may predict the severity and outcome of patients with sepsis and be associated with microRNA-1 level changes. Exp Ther Med 2017; 14:797-804. [PMID: 28673002 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.4553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
IGF-1 functions as an anti-oxidative stress molecule and some critical patients with sepsis have a lower level of serum IGF-1. However, the association between IGF-1 and the severity or prognosis of sepsis remains unclear. This study aimed to elucidate the relationship between serum IGF-1 levels and the severity and prognosis of sepsis, and the possible mechanism was analyzed. Clinical characteristics of patients with sepsis were recorded and analyzed. Serum IGF-1 levels and micro (mi)RNA-1 levels were tested using radioimmunoassay and reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) analysis, respectively. The A549 cell line and HKC cell line were cultured in vitro and exposed to H2O2 with or without IGF-1 treatment. Cell death was detected by analyzing cell death markers via ELISA kits, and miRNA-1 levels were detected after H2O2 exposure using RT-qPCR analysis. miRNA-1 in cells was upregulated by transfection and IGF-1 mRNA was detected to determine its relationship with miRNA-1. Once again, cell ELISA kits were used to analyze cell death markers after transfection. Serum IGF-1 levels were reduced in patients with sepsis, whereas miRNA-1 levels were higher (P<0.05 vs. healthy control). Patients in the septic shock subgroup or dead patients had the lowest IGF-1 levels and the highest miRNA-1 levels (P<0.05 vs. sepsis and severe sepsis). IGF-1 levels were inversely proportional to the miRNA-1 level. In vitro, IGF-1 reduced the cell death caused by H2O2. miRNA-1 transfection effectively increased the sensitivity of cells to H2O2 damage by reducing the expression of IGF-1, which was able to prevent cells from injury caused by H2O2. The transfection of negative control miRNA did not influence the level of IGF-1 miRNA and the sensitivity to H2O2 damage. In conclusion, low IGF-1 levels in patients with sepsis may predict increased severity of the condition and poor prognosis. The possible mechanism is that the excessive miRNA-1 levels reduce IGF-1 levels, resulting in insufficient anti-oxidative action by IGF-1 which increases the injury caused by oxidative stress in patients with sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Xu
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P.R. China
| | - Weijun Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
| | - Renhua Sun
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P.R. China
| | - Jingquan Liu
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P.R. China
| | - Jun Hong
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P.R. China
| | - Qian Li
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P.R. China
| | - Bangchuan Hu
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P.R. China
| | - Fangxiao Gong
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P.R. China
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Yanagisawa S, Baker JR, Vuppusetty C, Fenwick P, Donnelly LE, Ito K, Barnes PJ. Decreased phosphatase PTEN amplifies PI3K signaling and enhances proinflammatory cytokine release in COPD. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2017; 313:L230-L239. [PMID: 28522564 PMCID: PMC5582930 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00382.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Revised: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway is activated in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), but the regulatory mechanisms for this pathway are yet to be elucidated. The aim of this study was to determine the expression and role of phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted from chromosome 10 (PTEN), a negative regulator of the PI3K pathway, in COPD. PTEN protein expression was measured in the peripheral lung of COPD patients compared with smoking and nonsmoking controls. The direct influence of cigarette smoke extract (CSE) on PTEN expression was assessed using primary lung epithelial cells and a cell line (BEAS-2B) in the presence or absence of l-buthionine-sulfoximine (BSO) to deplete intracellular glutathione. The impact of PTEN knockdown by RNA interference on cytokine production was also examined. In peripheral lung, PTEN protein was significantly decreased in patients with COPD compared with the subjects without COPD (P < 0.001) and positively correlated with the severity of airflow obstruction (forced expiratory volume in 1-s percent predicted; r = 0.50; P = 0.0012). Conversely, phosphorylated Akt, as a marker of PI3K activation, showed a negative correlation with PTEN protein levels (r = -0.41; P = 0.0042). In both primary bronchial epithelial cells and BEAS-2B cells, CSE decreased PTEN protein, which was reversed by N-acetyl cysteine treatment. PTEN knockdown potentiated Akt phosphorylation and enhanced production of proinflammatory cytokines, such as IL-6, CXCL8, CCL2, and CCL5. In conclusion, oxidative stress reduces PTEN protein levels, which may result in increased PI3K signaling and amplification of inflammation in COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoru Yanagisawa
- Airway Disease Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan R Baker
- Airway Disease Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Chaitanya Vuppusetty
- Airway Disease Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Fenwick
- Airway Disease Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Louise E Donnelly
- Airway Disease Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kazuhiro Ito
- Airway Disease Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Peter J Barnes
- Airway Disease Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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Liu Q, Guan JZ, Sun Y, Le Z, Zhang P, Yu D, Liu Y. Insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor-mediated cell survival in hypoxia depends on the promotion of autophagy via suppression of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. Mol Med Rep 2017; 15:2136-2142. [PMID: 28260056 PMCID: PMC5364871 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia is widely accepted as a fundamental biological phenomenon, which is strongly associated with tissue damage and cell viability under stress conditions. Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) is known to protect tissues from multiple types of damage, and protect cells from apoptosis. Hypoxia is a regulatory factor of the IGF system, however the role of the IGF-1 receptor (IGF-1R) in hypoxia-induced apoptosis remains unclear. The present study investigated the potential mechanisms associated with IGF-1R-associated apoptosis under hypoxic conditions. Mouse embryonic fibroblasts exhibiting disruption or overexpression of IGF-1R (R- cells and R+ cells) were used to examine the level of apoptosis, autophagy, and production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine was used to assess the effect of autophagy on ROS production and apoptosis under hypoxic conditions. A potential downstream signaling pathway involving phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/threonine protein kinase B (Akt)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) was identifiedby western blot analysis. The results demonstrated that hypoxia induced apoptosis, increased ROS production, and promoted autophagy in a time-dependent manner relative to that observed under normoxia. R+ cells exhibited a lower percentage of apoptotic cells, lower ROS production, and higher levels of autophagy when compared to that of R- cells. In addition, inhibition of autophagy led to increased ROS production and a higher percentage of apoptotic cells in the two cell types. Furthermore, IGF-1R is related with PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway and enhanced autophagy-associated protein expression, which was verified following treatment with the PI3K inhibitor LY294002. These results indicated that IGF-1R may increase cell viability under hypoxic conditions by promoting autophagy and scavenging ROS production, which is closed with PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Liu
- Cancer Research Institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Jing-Zhi Guan
- Department of Oncology, The People's Liberation Army No. 309 Hospital, Beijing 100193, P.R. China
| | - Yong Sun
- Cancer Research Institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Ziyu Le
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Cancer Research Institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Dong Yu
- School of Radiological Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P.R. China
| | - Yong Liu
- Cancer Research Institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
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Jia C, Lu Y, Bi B, Chen L, Yang Q, Yang P, Guo Y, Zhu J, Zhu N, Liu T. Platelet-rich plasma ameliorates senescence-like phenotypes in a cellular photoaging model. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra26725d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is a portion of blood plasma enriched with platelets widely investigated for accelerating bone and soft tissue healing.
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Effect of feed supplementation with live yeast on the intestinal transcriptome profile of weaning pigs orally challenged with Escherichia coli F4. Animal 2017; 11:33-44. [DOI: 10.1017/s1751731116001178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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Milk growth factors and expression of small intestinal growth factor receptors during the perinatal period in mice. Pediatr Res 2016; 80:759-765. [PMID: 27603563 DOI: 10.1038/pr.2016.150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Growth factors (GFs) are milk bioactive components contributing to the regulation of neonatal small intestinal maturation, and their receptors on the small intestinal epithelium play essential roles in mediating the functions of GFs. There is limited data correlating milk GFs and their receptors in the neonatal small intestine during the perinatal period. METHODS Small intestines of C57BL/6N mouse pups were collected at regular intervals during fetal life and up to postnatal day (PD) 60. Gene expression of GF receptors was determined by real-time qPCR. Milk GF concentrations up to PD21 were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS The majority of GF receptors showed significantly greater expression in the fetus than in postnatal life, and a sharp decrease occurred from PD14 extending to PD60; solid food restriction (PD14 and PD18) did not affect this decrease. Concentrations of five detected milk GFs demonstrated that GFs and the corresponding small intestinal receptors exhibited different correlations, with only milk transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) having a significant positive correlation with TGF-β receptor 1 mRNA. CONCLUSION Gene expression of small intestinal GF receptors is likely a process of neonatal intestinal maturation that is affected concurrently by milk GFs and additional endogenous factors.
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Genome-Wide Transcriptional Analysis Reveals the Protection against Hypoxia-Induced Oxidative Injury in the Intestine of Tibetans via the Inhibition of GRB2/EGFR/PTPN11 Pathways. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2016; 2016:6967396. [PMID: 27594973 PMCID: PMC4993941 DOI: 10.1155/2016/6967396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2016] [Revised: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms for hypoxic environment causing the injury of intestinal mucosal barrier (IMB) are widely unknown. To address the issue, Han Chinese from 100 m altitude and Tibetans from high altitude (more than 3650 m) were recruited. Histological and transcriptome analyses were performed. The results showed intestinal villi were reduced and appeared irregular, and glandular epithelium was destroyed in the IMB of Tibetans when compared with Han Chinese. Transcriptome analysis revealed 2573 genes with altered expression. The levels of 1137 genes increased and 1436 genes decreased in Tibetans when compared with Han Chinese. Gene ontology (GO) analysis indicated most immunological responses were reduced in the IMB of Tibetans when compared with Han Chinese. Gene microarray showed that there were 25-, 22-, and 18-fold downregulation for growth factor receptor-bound protein 2 (GRB2), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), and tyrosine-protein phosphatase nonreceptor type 11 (PTPN11) in the IMB of Tibetans when compared with Han Chinese. The downregulation of EGFR, GRB2, and PTPN11 will reduce the production of reactive oxygen species and protect against oxidative stress-induced injury for intestine. Thus, the transcriptome analysis showed the protecting functions of IMB patients against hypoxia-induced oxidative injury in the intestine of Tibetans via affecting GRB2/EGFR/PTPN11 pathways.
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Gabr H, Rateb MA, El Sissy MH, Ahmed Seddiek H, Ali Abdelhameed Gouda S. The effect of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells on chemotherapy induced ovarian failure in albino rats. Microsc Res Tech 2016; 79:938-947. [PMID: 27453009 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.22725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2016] [Revised: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Chemotherapy targets rapidly dividing tissues in the body. It destroys the progenitor cells in gonads resulting in premature ovarian failure. Studies have suggested that bone marrow-derived stem cells can generate oocytes in chemotherapy treated female rats after transplantation. The present study aimed to assess mechanism of homing, the action of injected BM-MSCs on ovarian function after ovarian damage. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Seventy two female albino rats were randomly allocated into Control and CTX group, The Experimental protocol was lasted for 12 weeks during which serum FSH and E2 were monitored twice at the end of the 2nd week (12 rats) and 8th week (6 rats). Stem cells identification and homing were evaluated by Flowcytometry and tagging of stem cells with iron oxide particles respectively. Also, histopathological examination was done to evaluate both degeneration (6 rats at 4th week) and regeneration (6 rats at 12th week) of ovarian tissue together with assessment of the levels of TNF-α in ovarian homogenate and IGF-I as a growth factor in ovarian tissue. PRINCIPAL OBSERVATIONS Partial improvement of E2 and FSH levels as well as ovarian architecture. Elevation of ovarian TNF- α levels and of IGF-I immunohistochemical expressions in ovarian tissues of BM-MSCs injected rats were noticed following homing of BM- MSCs in the ovarian stroma in both control and chemotherapy groups. CONCLUSION Injected BM- MSCs can home in the stroma of the injured ovaries. IGF-I and TNF- α may have a role in the attraction of stem cells in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hala Gabr
- Laboratory Medicine, Cairo University
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Zhou Q, Cao J, Chen L. Apelin/APJ system: A novel therapeutic target for oxidative stress-related inflammatory diseases (Review). Int J Mol Med 2016; 37:1159-69. [PMID: 27035220 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2016.2544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Apelin, the endogenous ligand of APJ which is a member of G protein-coupled receptors, has been shown to be expressed in a variety of tissues in vivo and to exert significant biological effects. Studies have indicated that the apelin/APJ system is involved in the regulation of a variety of physiological functions and pathological processes, and that it is associated with cardiovascular diseases (such as atherosclerosis, hypertension, heart failure and myocardial injury), diabetes with microvascular complications, ischemia reperfusion injury, tumors, pre-eclampsia, as well as others. The occurrence of these diseases is closely related to endothelial dysfunction and the local inflammatory response; however, the occurrence of oxidative stress is related to vascular injury, due to the excessive generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and can lead to vascular damage and a series of inflammatory reactions. Therefore, this review summarizes the association between apelin/APJ, oxidative stress and inflammation-related diseases. In addition, drugs targeting the apelin/APJ system are recommended, thus providing a novel therapeutic strategy for oxidative stress-related inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun Zhou
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Learning Key Laboratory for Pharmacoproteomics, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Jiangang Cao
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Learning Key Laboratory for Pharmacoproteomics, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Linxi Chen
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Learning Key Laboratory for Pharmacoproteomics, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
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Welak SR, Rentea RM, Teng RJ, Heinzerling N, Biesterveld B, Liedel JL, Pritchard KA, Fredrich KM, Gourlay DM. Intestinal NADPH oxidase 2 activity increases in a neonatal rat model of necrotizing enterocolitis. PLoS One 2014; 9:e115317. [PMID: 25517730 PMCID: PMC4269454 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0115317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2014] [Accepted: 11/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a complication of prematurity. The etiology is unknown, but is related to enteral feeding, ischemia, infection, and inflammation. Reactive oxygen species production, most notably superoxide, increases in NEC. NADPH oxidase (NOX) generates superoxide, but its activity in NEC remains unknown. We hypothesize that NOX-derived superoxide production increases in NEC. Newborn Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into control, formula-fed, formula/LPS, formula/hypoxia, and NEC (formula, hypoxia, and LPS). Intestinal homogenates were analyzed for NADPH-dependent superoxide production. Changes in superoxide levels on days 0-4 were measured. Inhibitors for nitric oxide synthase (L-NAME) and NOX2 (GP91-ds-tat) were utilized. RT-PCR for eNOS, NOX1, GP91phox expression was performed. Immunofluorescence studies estimated the co-localization of p47phox and GP91phox in control and NEC animals on D1, D2, and D4. NEC pups generated more superoxide than controls on D4, while all other groups were unchanged. NADPH-dependent superoxide production was greater in NEC on days 0, 3, and 4. GP91-ds-tat decreased superoxide production in both groups, with greater inhibition in NEC. L-NAME did not alter superoxide production. Temporally, superoxide production varied minimally in controls. In NEC, superoxide generation was decreased on day 1, but increased on days 3-4. GP91phox expression was higher in NEC on days 2 and 4. NOX1 and eNOS expression were unchanged from controls. GP91phox and p47phox had minimal co-localization in all control samples and NEC samples on D1 and D2, but had increased co-localization on D4. In conclusion, this study proves that experimentally-induced NEC increases small intestinal NOX activity. All components of NEC model are necessary for increased NOX activity. NOX2 is the major source, especially as the disease progresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott R. Welak
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Children's Research Institute, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Translational Vascular Biology Program, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Rebecca M. Rentea
- Children's Research Institute, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Ru-Jeng Teng
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Children's Research Institute, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Translational Vascular Biology Program, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Nathan Heinzerling
- Children's Research Institute, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Ben Biesterveld
- Children's Research Institute, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Jennifer L. Liedel
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Children's Research Institute, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Division of Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Kirkwood A. Pritchard
- Translational Vascular Biology Program, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Katherine M. Fredrich
- Translational Vascular Biology Program, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - David M. Gourlay
- Children's Research Institute, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Translational Vascular Biology Program, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
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Tanner SM, Berryhill TF, Ellenburg JL, Jilling T, Cleveland DS, Lorenz RG, Martin CA. Pathogenesis of necrotizing enterocolitis: modeling the innate immune response. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2014; 185:4-16. [PMID: 25447054 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2014.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2013] [Revised: 08/21/2014] [Accepted: 08/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in premature infants. The pathophysiology is likely secondary to innate immune responses to intestinal microbiota by the premature infant's intestinal tract, leading to inflammation and injury. This review provides an updated summary of the components of the innate immune system involved in NEC pathogenesis. In addition, we evaluate the animal models that have been used to study NEC with regard to the involvement of innate immune factors and histopathological changes as compared to those seen in infants with NEC. Finally, we discuss new approaches to studying NEC, including mathematical models of intestinal injury and the use of humanized mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott M Tanner
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Taylor F Berryhill
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - James L Ellenburg
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Tamas Jilling
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Dava S Cleveland
- Department of Pediatric Pathology, Children's Hospital of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Robin G Lorenz
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama.
| | - Colin A Martin
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama.
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Zhang S, Dong Z, Peng Z, Lu F. Anti-aging effect of adipose-derived stem cells in a mouse model of skin aging induced by D-galactose. PLoS One 2014; 9:e97573. [PMID: 24831697 PMCID: PMC4022592 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0097573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2014] [Accepted: 04/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Glycation products accumulate during aging of slowly renewing tissue, including skin, and are suggested as an important mechanism underlying the skin aging process. Adipose-derived cells are widely used in the clinic to treat ischemic diseases and enhance wound healing. Interestingly, adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) are also effective in anti-aging therapy, although the mechanism underlying their effects remains unknown. The purpose of the present study was to examine the anti-aging effect of ASCs in a D-galactose-induced aging animal model and to clarify the underlying mechanism. Materials and Methods Six-week-old nude mice were subcutaneously injected with D-gal daily for 8 weeks. Two weeks after completion of treatment, mice were randomized to receive subcutaneous injections of 106 green fluorescent protein (GFP)-expressing ASCs, aminoguanidine (AG) or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). Control mice received no treatment. We examined tissue histology and determined the activity of senescence-associated molecular markers such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA). Results Transplanted ASCs were detectable for 14 days and their GFP signal disappeared at day 28 after injection. ASCs inhibited advanced glycation end product (AGE) levels in our animal model as well as increased the SOD level and decreased the MDA level, all of which act to reverse the aging phenotype in a similar way to AG, an inhibitor of AGE formation. Furthermore, ASCs released angiogenic factors in vivo such as vascular endothelial growth factor, suggesting a skin trophic effect. Conclusions These results demonstrate that ASCs may contribute to the regeneration of skin during aging. In addition, the data shows that ASCs provide a functional benefit by glycation suppression, antioxidation, and trophic effects in a mouse model of aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengchang Zhang
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guang Zhou, Guang Dong, P. R. China
| | - Ziqing Dong
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guang Zhou, Guang Dong, P. R. China
| | - Zhangsong Peng
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guang Zhou, Guang Dong, P. R. China
| | - Feng Lu
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guang Zhou, Guang Dong, P. R. China
- * E-mail:
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Ryu JS, Jung YH, Cho MY, Yeo JE, Choi YJ, Kim YI, Koh YG. Co-culture with human synovium-derived mesenchymal stem cells inhibits inflammatory activity and increases cell proliferation of sodium nitroprusside-stimulated chondrocytes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 447:715-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.04.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2014] [Accepted: 04/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Zani A, Cananzi M, Fascetti-Leon F, Lauriti G, Smith VV, Bollini S, Ghionzoli M, D'Arrigo A, Pozzobon M, Piccoli M, Hicks A, Wells J, Siow B, Sebire NJ, Bishop C, Leon A, Atala A, Lythgoe MF, Pierro A, Eaton S, De Coppi P. Amniotic fluid stem cells improve survival and enhance repair of damaged intestine in necrotising enterocolitis via a COX-2 dependent mechanism. Gut 2014; 63:300-9. [PMID: 23525603 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2012-303735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Necrotising enterocolitis (NEC) remains one of the primary causes of morbidity and mortality in neonates and alternative strategies are needed. Stem cells have become a therapeutic option for other intestinal diseases, which share some features with NEC. We tested the hypothesis that amniotic fluid stem (AFS) cells exerted a beneficial effect in a neonatal rat model of NEC. DESIGN Rats intraperitoneally injected with AFS cells and their controls (bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, myoblast) were analysed for survival, behaviour, bowel imaging (MRI scan), histology, bowel absorption and motility, immunofluorescence for AFS cell detection, degree of gut inflammation (myeloperoxidase and malondialdehyde), and enterocyte apoptosis and proliferation. RESULTS AFS cells integrated in the bowel wall and improved rat survival and clinical conditions, decreased NEC incidence and macroscopic gut damage, improved intestinal function, decreased bowel inflammation, increased enterocyte proliferation and reduced apoptosis. The beneficial effect was achieved via modulation of stromal cells expressing cyclooxygenase 2 in the lamina propria, as shown by survival studies using selective and non-selective cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitors. Interestingly, AFS cells differentially expressed genes of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, which regulate intestinal epithelial stem cell function and cell migration and growth factors known to maintain gut epithelial integrity and reduce mucosal injury. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated here for the first time that AFS cells injected in an established model of NEC improve survival, clinical status, gut structure and function. Understanding the mechanism of this effect may help us to develop new cellular or pharmacological therapies for infants with NEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Augusto Zani
- Surgery Unit, University College London Institute of Child Health, , London, UK
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Gutowska I, Baranowska-Bosiacka I, Siwiec E, Szczuko M, Kolasa A, Kondarewicz A, Rybicka M, Dunaj-Stańczyk M, Wiernicki I, Chlubek D, Stachowska E. Lead enhances fluoride influence on apoptotic processes in the HepG2 liver cell line. Toxicol Ind Health 2013; 32:517-25. [PMID: 24193047 DOI: 10.1177/0748233713502843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Chronic long-term exposure to high levels of fluoride leads to fluorosis, manifested by skeletal fluorosis and damage to internal organs, including kidneys, liver, parathyroid glands, and brain. Excess fluoride can also cause DNA damage, trigger apoptosis, and change cell cycle. The effect of fluoride may be exacerbated by lead (Pb), a potent inhibitor of many enzymes and a factor causing apoptosis, still present in the environment in excessive amounts. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the effects of sodium fluoride (NaF) and/or lead acetate (PbAc) on development of apoptosis, cell vitality, and proliferation in the liver cell line HepG2. We examined hepatocytes from the liver cell line HepG2, incubated for 48 h with NaF, PbAc, and their mixture (NaF + PbAc), and used for measuring apoptosis, index of proliferation, and vitality of cells. Incubation of the hepatocytes with NaF or PbAc increased apoptosis, more when fluoride and Pb were used simultaneously. Vitality of the cells depended on the compound used and its concentration. Proliferation slightly increased and then decreased in a high fluoride environment; it decreased significantly after addition of Pb in a dose-dependent manner. When used together, fluoride inhibited the decreasing effect of Pb on cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Gutowska
- Department of Biochemistry and Human Nutrition, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | | | - Ewa Siwiec
- Department of Biochemistry and Human Nutrition, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Szczuko
- Department of Biochemistry and Human Nutrition, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Kolasa
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Anna Kondarewicz
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Marta Rybicka
- Department of Biochemistry, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | | | - Ireneusz Wiernicki
- Department of Vascular Surgery and Angiology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Dariusz Chlubek
- Department of Biochemistry, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Ewa Stachowska
- Department of Biochemistry and Human Nutrition, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
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Rowland KJ, Choi PM, Warner BW. The role of growth factors in intestinal regeneration and repair in necrotizing enterocolitis. Semin Pediatr Surg 2013; 22:101-11. [PMID: 23611614 PMCID: PMC3635039 DOI: 10.1053/j.sempedsurg.2013.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a devastating intestinal disease resulting in major neonatal morbidity and mortality. The pathology is poorly understood, and the means of preventing and treating NEC are limited. Several endogenous growth factors have been identified as having important roles in intestinal growth as well as aiding intestinal repair from injury or inflammation. In this review, we will discuss several growth factors as mediators of intestinal regeneration and repair as well as potential therapeutic agents for NEC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Brad W. Warner
- Correspondence: Brad W. Warner, M.D. St. Louis Children's Hospital One Children's Place; Suite 5S40 St. Louis MO 63110 (314) 454-6022 - Phone (314) 454-2442 – Fax
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Here, we determine how formula feeding impacts the gut microbiota and host transcriptome. BACKGROUND Formula-fed (FF) infants are at risk for diseases that involve complex interactions between microbes and host immune elements such as necrotizing enterocolitis. The aims of this study were to simultaneously examine the microbiota and host transcriptional profiles of FF and maternal-fed (MF) mice to evaluate how diet impacts gut colonization and host genes. METHODS After 72 hours of FF or MF, colonic tissue was collected. 16S ribosomal RNA was sequenced with Roche GS-FLX (Genome Sequencer-FLX) pyrosequencing. Operational taxonomical unit clustering, diversity analysis, and principal coordinate analysis (PCA) were performed. Complementary DNA libraries were sequenced by Solexa. Reads were annotated by BLAST (Basic Local Alignment Search Tool) search against mouse RNA database [National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) build-37] and functionally classified using the KOG (Eukaryotic Orthologous Groups) database (NCBI). RESULTS Firmicutes (P < 0.001) was the dominant phylum in MF pups, whereas Proteobacteria (P < 0.001) and Bacteroidetes (P < 0.05) were dominant in FF mice. On the genus level, FF mice had increased Serratia (P < 0.001) and Lactococcus (P < 0.05) whereas MF mice had increased Lactobacillus (P < 0.001). PCA confirmed clustering by diet. Solexa sequencing demonstrated different (P < 0.05) messenger RNA transcript levels in 148 genes. Heme oxygenase 1 (P < 0.01), an oxidative stress marker, was increased 25-fold in FF mice. In addition, decreased vinculin (P < 0.05), a cytoskeletal protein associated with adherens junctions in FF pups suggested impaired gut structural integrity. Diet also impacted immune regulation, cell cycle control/gene expression, cell motility, and vascular function genes. CONCLUSIONS FF shifted gut microbiota and structural integrity, oxidative stress, and immune function genes, presumably increasing vulnerability to disease in FF mice. Interrogation of microbial and host gene expression in FF neonates may offer new insight on how diet affects disease pathogenesis.
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Abstract
This article provides an overview of the composition of human milk, its variation, and its clinical relevance. The composition of human milk is the biological norm for infant nutrition. Human milk also contains many hundreds to thousands of distinct bioactive molecules that protect against infection and inflammation and contribute to immune maturation, organ development, and healthy microbial colonization. Some of these molecules (eg, lactoferrin) are being investigated as novel therapeutic agents. Human milk changes in composition from colostrum to late lactation, within feeds, by gestational age, diurnally, and between mothers. Feeding infants with expressed human milk is increasing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Ballard
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Human Milk and Lactation & Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave., MLC 7009, Cincinnati, OH 45229.
| | - Ardythe L. Morrow
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Human Milk and Lactation, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave., MLC 7009, Cincinnati, OH 45229.
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Athalye-Jape G, More K, Patole S. Progress in the field of necrotising enterocolitis – year 2012. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2012; 26:625-32. [DOI: 10.3109/14767058.2012.746296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Chae YB, Lee JS, Park HJ, Park IH, Kim MM, Park YH, Kim DS, Lee JH. Advanced adipose-derived stem cell protein extracts with antioxidant activity modulates matrix metalloproteinases in human dermal fibroblasts. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2012; 34:263-271. [PMID: 22609779 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2012.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2011] [Revised: 04/17/2012] [Accepted: 04/25/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Advanced adipose-derived stem cell protein extracts (AAPE) were used instead of live stem cells to investigate their effect on oxidative stress and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) related to tissue repair in human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs). In this study, it was observed that AAPE at 2μg/ml specifically exhibited scavenging activity of hydrogen peroxide and reducing power. The inhibitory effect of AAPE at 2μg/ml on MMP-2 activity was increased in the presence of phorbol myristate acetate (PMA). In the absence of PMA, AAPE significantly enhanced activities of MMP-1 and MMP-2 in HDFs, respectively. However, the level of MMP-1 expression was decreased in a dose dependent manner by AAPE. In addition, while the level of extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 (ERK1) activation was reduced in the presence of AAPE compared to blank, the level that of ERK2 activation was not changed. The expression level of c-Fos, a part of activator protein-1 (AP-1), was increased in nucleus of HDFs. These results reveal that activation of MMPs in the presence of AAPE was increased via AP-1 in HDFs, suggesting that AAPE can be a potential candidate for tissue repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Byung Chae
- Department of Chemistry, Dong-Eui University, Busan 614-714, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Seol Lee
- Department of Biomaterial Control, Dong-Eui University, Busan 614-714, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Jung Park
- Department of Chemistry, Dong-Eui University, Busan 614-714, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Hwan Park
- Department of Chemistry, Dong-Eui University, Busan 614-714, Republic of Korea
| | - Moon-Moo Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Dong-Eui University, Busan 614-714, Republic of Korea.
| | | | - Dong-Soo Kim
- Prostemics Research Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Hwan Lee
- Department of Biomaterial Control, Dong-Eui University, Busan 614-714, Republic of Korea; Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Dong-Eui University, Busan 614-714, Republic of Korea; Department of Blue-Bio Regional Innovation Center, Dong-Eui University, Busan 614-714, Republic of Korea.
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Neuregulin-1 suppresses cardiomyocyte apoptosis by activating PI3K/Akt and inhibiting mitochondrial permeability transition pore. Mol Cell Biochem 2012; 370:35-43. [PMID: 22886427 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-012-1395-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2012] [Accepted: 07/07/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Neuregulin-1 (NRG-1) has been shown to attenuate cardiomyocyte apoptosis but the underlying signaling mechanism remains elusive. In this study, we focused on mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) opening and PI3K/Akt pathway to investigate the effects of NRG-1 on oxidative stress-induced apoptosis of cardiomyocyte. Human cardiac myocytes and neonatal rat cardiac myocytes were exposed to hydrogen peroxide with or without pre-treatment with recombinant human neuregulin-1 (rhNRG-1). Cell apoptosis and mPTP opening were assayed by flow cytometry and confocal microscopy. The activation of Akt was detected by western blot analysis. The results showed that H(2)O(2) induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis and activated mPTP. rhNRG-1 inhibited mPTP and activated Akt in the presence of H(2)O(2) and further protected the cells from H(2)O(2)-induced apoptosis. However, rhNRG-1 failed to inhibit mPTP opening and cell apoptosis in the presence of PI3K inhibitor LY294002. Taken together, these findings suggest that NRG-1 activates PI3K/Akt signaling and inhibits mPTP opening, and downstream apoptotic events in cardiac myocytes subjected to oxidative stress.
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Baregamian N, Song J, Chung DH. Effects of oxidative stress on intestinal type I insulin-like growth factor receptor expression. Eur J Pediatr Surg 2012; 22:97-104. [PMID: 22434232 PMCID: PMC4313734 DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1306261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Oxidative stress activates multiple signaling transduction pathways, including the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3-K), in an injured intestine as occurs in necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). We have previously shown that hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced PI3-K activation is significantly enhanced with exogenous insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 in intestinal epithelial cells. However, the effects of oxidative stress on IGF receptor type I (IGF-IR) activation and expression in the neonatal intestine during NEC are unknown. MATERIAL AND METHODS Intestinal sections from neonates undergoing bowel resections (control = 3, NEC = 20) were analyzed for IGF-IR expression. NEC was induced in newborn mouse pups using hypoxia and hyperosmolar feeds, and distal small bowel segments were analyzed for IGF-IR expression (control = 3, NEC = 7). H2O2 was used to induce oxidative stress in rat (RIE-1) and fetal human (FHs74 Int) intestinal epithelial cells. Phosphorylation of IGF-IR, Akt, a downstream effector of PI3-K, and IGF-IR levels were determined by Western blotting. Flow cytometry, immunofluorescence, immunohistochemistry, IGF-IR tyrosine phosphorylation array, cell death enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and Western blotting were used to determine the IGF-IR expression. RESULTS An increased IGF-IR expression was noted in intestinal sections from NEC as well as murine model of NEC. H2O2 treatment rapidly activated IGF-IR and increased the expression in RIE-1 and FHs74 Int cells. Inhibition of IGF-IR resulted in significant RIE-1 cell apoptosis during oxidative stress. IGF-IR tyrosine phosphorylation array showed the recruitment of several key SH2 domain-containing proteins and oncogenes to the IGF-IR tyrosine kinase domain in H2O2-treated RIE-1 cells. CONCLUSION IGF-IR-mediated activation of intracellular signaling may play a critical role during oxidative stress-induced apoptosis in NEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naira Baregamian
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Jun Song
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | - Dai H. Chung
- Departments of Pediatric Surgery and Cancer Biology Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
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Wang YZ, Wang SW, Zhang YC, Sun ZJ. Protective effect of exogenous IGF-I on the intestinalmucosal barrier in rats with severe acute pancreatitis. World J Emerg Med 2012; 3:213-20. [PMID: 25215066 PMCID: PMC4129782 DOI: 10.5847/wjem.j.issn.1920-8642.2012.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2012] [Accepted: 07/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) can result in intestinal mucosal barrier (IMB) dysfunction. This study was undertaken to demonstrate the effect of IGF-I on the intestinal mucosal barrier in rats with SAP and its possible mechanisms. METHODS Seventy-two male Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups: a sham operation (SO group, n=24), a SAP group not treated with IGF-I (SAP group, n=24), and a SAP group treated with IGF-I (IGF-I group, n=24). SAP was induced in the rats by injecting 5.0% sodium taurocholate into the biliary-pancreatic duct. The SO rats were given an infusion of normal saline instead. The rats in the IGF-I group underwent the SAP procedure and were given a subcutaneous injection of IGF-I at 30 minutes before the operation and at 3 hours after the operation. Eight rats in each group were sacrificed at 6, 12 and 24 hours after operation. Apoptosis of mucosal cells in the small intestine was determined by TUNEL. The levels of endotoxin and DAO and serum amylase were also measured. Pathologic changes in the small intestine were monitored. Changes of bax and bcl-2 mRNA expression in the small intestine were determined by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). RESULTS The levels of serum amylase were lower in the IGF-I group than in the SAP group at all three time points (P<0.05). The levels of endotoxin in the IGF-I group were higher than those in the SAP group at 6 hours, but lower in the IGF-I group than in the SAP group at 12 and 24 hours (P<0.05). The levels of diamine oxidase were higher in the IGF-I group at 6 hours but lower than those in the SAP group at 12 and 24 hours. The pathological score of the small intestine was lower in the IGF-I group than in the SAP group, and the difference was statistically significant at 12 and 24 hours. The pathologic changes observed under electron microscopy were better in the IGF-I group than those in the SAP group. The apoptosis index of intestinal epithelial cells was significantly decreased in the IGF-I group compared with the SAP group. Compared with the SO group, the mRNA expression levels of bax were increased at each time point in the SAP group, and were significantly decreased in the IGF-I group as compared with the SAP group at each time point (P<0.05). The expression levels of bcl-2 were weak and not different between the SO group and the SAP group (P>0.05). They were significantly increased in the IGF-I group versus the SO and SAP groups (P<0.05). The ratio of bax and bcl-2 mRNA expression levels at each time point in the SAP group were significantly higher than those in the SO group, but they were obviously decreased in the IGF-I group. CONCLUSIONS Exogenous IGF-I seems to protect mucosal cells in the small intestine against SAP-induced apoptosis and could alleviate SAP-induced injury of the intestinal mucosa. The underlying mechanisms include enhanced mRNA expression of bcl-2 and inhibition of bax mRNA expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-zhen Wang
- Intensive Care Unit, Second Hospital of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Department of General Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Shi-wen Wang
- Intensive Care Unit, Second Hospital of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - You-cheng Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Zhi-jiang Sun
- Intensive Care Unit, General Hospital of Lanzhou Petrochemical, Lanzhou 730060, China
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