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Pi J, Cheng Y, Sun H, Chen X, Zhuang T, Liu J, Li Y, Chang H, Zhang L, Zhang Y, Tao T. Apln-CreERT:mT/mG reporter mice as a tool for sprouting angiogenesis study. BMC Ophthalmol 2017; 17:163. [PMID: 28865439 PMCID: PMC5581477 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-017-0556-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Angiogenesis is defined as a new blood vessel sprouting from pre-existing vessels, and the sprouting angiogenesis is the start phase of angiogenesis, which is critical for both physiological and pathological processes, such as embryonic development, organ growth, wound healing, tumor growth, diabetic retinopathy and age-related macular degeneration. Better understanding of the mechanisms of sprout angiogenesis will provide a rationale for the treatments of these angiogenesis related diseases. Methods mT/mG tool mice are crossed with Apln-CreERT mice to generate Apln-CreERT: mT/mG mice, then we used neonatal retinal angiogenesis model to observe the angiogenic pattern of Apln-CreERT:mT/mG mice compared with Cdh5-CreERT:mT/mG mice. FACS analysis was used to sort eGFP and tdTomato endothelial cells (ECs) for measuring Apelin and Cdh5 expression. Retinal sprouting angiogenesis pattern was also observed at different neonatal time when induced by tamoxifen and at hypoxia condition, as well as in vivo tumor in real-time angiogenesis in a dorsal skinfold window chamber in Apln-CreERT:mT/mG mice. Results Apln-CreERT:mT/mG mice exhibited eGFP signal only in the sprouting angiogenesis, with less eGFP expression in the retinal “optic nerve” area than in that of Cdh5-CreERT: mT/mG mice, which might be due to relative mature vessels in the “optic nerve” area. The ECs sorted by FACS confirmed that the Apelin expression level was higher in eGFP ECs than tdTomato ECs of “optic nerve” area. Further we found that GFP-labeled sprouting angiogenesis decreased gradually following tamoxifen administration from P5-P7, but increased significantly during hypoxia in Apln-CreERT:mT/mG mice. At last, using Apln-CreERT:mT/mG mice we found tumor sprouting angiogenesis in dorsal skinfold, but not in the normal skinfold tissue. Conclusions Apln-CreERT:mT/mG mouse line is a useful tool to differentiate sprouting angiogenesis from whole blood vessels in the investigation of retinal and tumor sprouting angiogenesis in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjiang Pi
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China, Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Yu Cheng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin Er Rd, Huangpu District, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Huimin Sun
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China, Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Xiaoli Chen
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China, Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Tao Zhuang
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China, Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China, Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Yixi Li
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China, Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China.,Dalian Medical University, Liaoning, 116044, China
| | - Huan Chang
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China, Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China.,Dalian Medical University, Liaoning, 116044, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China, Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - YuZhen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China, Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Ting Tao
- Department of Geriatrics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin Er Rd, Huangpu District, Shanghai, 200025, China.
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Langer S, Beescho C, Ring A, Dorfmann O, Steinau HU, Spindler N. A new in vivo model using a dorsal skinfold chamber to investigate microcirculation and angiogenesis in diabetic wounds. GMS INTERDISCIPLINARY PLASTIC AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY DGPW 2016; 5:Doc09. [PMID: 26955508 PMCID: PMC4764794 DOI: 10.3205/iprs000088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Diabetes mellitus describes a dysregulation of glucose metabolism due to improper insulin secretion, reduced insulin efficacy or both. It is a well-known fact that diabetic patients are likely to suffer from impaired wound healing, as diabetes strongly affects tissue angiogenesis. Until now, no satisfying in vivo murine model has been established to analyze the dynamics of angiogenesis during diabetic wound healing. To help understand the pathophysiology of diabetes and its effect on angiogenesis, a novel in vivo murine model was established using the skinfold chamber in mice. Materials and Methods: Mutant diabetic mice (db; BKS.Cg-m+/+Leprdb/J), wildtype mice (dock7Leprdb+/+m) and laboratory BALB/c mice were examined. They were kept in single cages with access to laboratory chow with an 12/12 hour day/night circle. Lesions of the panniculus muscle (Ø 2 mm) were created in the center of the transparent window chamber and the subsequent muscular wound healing was then observed for a period of 22 days. Important analytic parameters included vessel diameter, red blood cell velocity, vascular permeability, and leakage of muscle capillaries and post capillary venules. The key parameters were functional capillary density (FCD) and angiogenesis positive area (APA). Results: We established a model which allows high resolution in vivo imaging of functional angiogenesis in diabetic wounds. As expected, db mice showed impaired wound closure (day 22) compared to wounds of BALB/c or WT mice (day 15). FCD was lower in diabetic mice compared to WT and BALB/c during the entire observation period. The dynamics of angiogenesis also decreased in db mice, as reflected by the lowest APA levels. Significant variations in the skin buildup were observed, with the greatest skin depth in db mice. Furthermore, in db mice, the dermis:subcutaneous ratio was highly shifted towards the subcutaneous layers as opposed to WT or BALB/c mice. Conclusion: Using this new in vivo model of the skinfold chamber, it was possible to analyze and quantify microangiopathical changes which are essential for a better understanding of the pathophysiology of disturbed wound healing. Research in microcirculation is important to display perfusion in wounds versus healthy tissue. Using our model, we were able to compare wound healing in diabetic and healthy mice. We were also able to objectively analyze perfusion in wound edges and compare microcirculatory parameters. This model may be well suited to augment different therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Langer
- Department of Plastic, Esthetic and Special Hand Surgery, University Hospital Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christian Beescho
- Department of Plastic, Esthetic and Special Hand Surgery, University Hospital Leipzig, Germany
| | - Andrej Ring
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Severe Burns, University Hospital Bergmannsheil, Ruhr University Bochum, Germany
| | - Olivia Dorfmann
- Department of Plastic, Esthetic and Special Hand Surgery, University Hospital Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Nick Spindler
- Department of Plastic, Esthetic and Special Hand Surgery, University Hospital Leipzig, Germany
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Goertz O, Haddad H, von der Lohe L, Lauer H, Hirsch T, Daigeler A, Lehnhardt M, Kolbenschlag J. Influence of ISDN, L-NAME and selenium on microcirculation, leukocyte endothelium interaction and angiogenesis after frostbite. Burns 2014; 41:145-52. [PMID: 24957357 DOI: 10.1016/j.burns.2014.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2014] [Revised: 05/11/2014] [Accepted: 05/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The body of knowledge regarding the different facets of frostbite injury continues to expand. However, beside the administration of physiological saline, local rewarming, local disinfection and symptomatic medications, today no causal therapy is known which would accelerate angiogenesis and wound healing. The aim of this study was to investigate the influences of dilative acting drugs on microcirculation, angiogenesis and leukocyte behavior. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ears of male hairless mice (n=40) were inflicted with full thickness frostbites using a cold air jet. Then the affects of four intraperitoneal injections of isosorbitdinitrate (ISDN, n=10), l-nitroarginine-methyl-ester (l-NAME, n=10), selenium (n=10) or sodium chloride (n=10; each administered to one of four corresponding study groups), on microcirculation, leukocyte-endothelial interaction and angiogenesis were investigated over a 12-day period using intravital fluorescent microscopy. RESULTS Angiogenesis was most improved by ISDN (36.8 vs. 54.5% non-perfused area on day 3, 3.9 vs. 17.0% on day 7 compared to selenium, p<0.006). Venular diameter was most significantly dilated in the ISDN-group, l-NAME showed significantly decreased diameter over the complete time of 12 days. ISDN had positive influences on edema formation, which was significantly reduced compared to control (27% lower values compared to control; p=0.007 on day 3). The l-NAME-group showed the significant highest leukocyte-adhesion compared to control on days 7 and 12 (53% resp. 58% higher, p<0.006). CONCLUSION Overall, out of all the drugs tested, ISDN improved angiogenesis, dilated venules and decreased edema formation and therefore seems to have the greatest positive impact on these crucial parameters after frostbite injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Goertz
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, Burn Center, BG-University Hospital Bergmannsheil, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany.
| | - H Haddad
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, Burn Center, BG-University Hospital Bergmannsheil, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany
| | - L von der Lohe
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, Burn Center, BG-University Hospital Bergmannsheil, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany
| | - H Lauer
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, Burn Center, BG-University Hospital Bergmannsheil, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany
| | - T Hirsch
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, Burn Center, BG-University Hospital Bergmannsheil, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany
| | - A Daigeler
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, Burn Center, BG-University Hospital Bergmannsheil, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany
| | - M Lehnhardt
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, Burn Center, BG-University Hospital Bergmannsheil, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany
| | - J Kolbenschlag
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, Burn Center, BG-University Hospital Bergmannsheil, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany
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Liu J, Chen Z, Ye L, Liu H, Dou D, Liu L, Yu X, Gao Y. Preservation of nitric oxide-induced relaxation of porcine coronary artery: roles of the dimers of soluble guanylyl cyclase, phosphodiesterase type 5, and cGMP-dependent protein kinase. Pflugers Arch 2014; 466:1999-2008. [PMID: 24413911 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-014-1441-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2013] [Revised: 01/02/2014] [Accepted: 01/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC), phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5), and guanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cGMP)-dependent protein kinase (PKG) are all dimeric. The present study was to determine the role of their dimeric status in nitric oxide-induced vasodilatation. In isolated porcine coronary arteries, after 20 h incubation with serum-free medium, serum-containing medium, or phosphate-buffered saline solution, the protein levels of the dimers of sGC, PDE5, and PKG were diminished while the monomer levels remained unchanged, associated with reduced cGMP elevation in response to DETA NONOate and decreased PDE5 activity; the activity of PKG was not significantly altered. DETA NONOate caused a greater relaxation in arteries incubated for 20 vs. 2 h. The relaxant response was largely abolished by 1H-[1, 2, 4]oxadiazolo[4,3-a]quinoxalin-1-one, an sGC inhibitor. Zaprinast, a PDE5 inhibitor, had no effect on relaxation caused by DETA NONOate of arteries incubated for 20 h but augmented the response incubated for 2 h. A greater relaxation to 8-bromo-guanosine 3'5'-cyclic monophosphate occurred in arteries incubated for 20 than for 2 h. The protein level of the dimers but not monomers of PDE5 was reduced by dithiothreitol and unaffected by hydrogen peroxide, accompanied with decreased PDE5 activity and reduced response to DETA NONOate. These results demonstrate that the dimeric but not monomeric status of sGC and PDE5 of coronary arteries are closely related to their activities. The preserved vasodilator response after 20 h incubation may result in part from a synchronous reduction of the dimer levels of sGC and PDE5 as well as an augmented response to cGMP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Liu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xue Yuan Road, Beijing, 100191, China
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Neuroprotection by inhaled nitric oxide in a murine stroke model is concentration and duration dependent. Brain Res 2013; 1507:134-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2013.02.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2012] [Revised: 02/15/2013] [Accepted: 02/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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de Mel A, Murad F, Seifalian AM. Nitric oxide: a guardian for vascular grafts? Chem Rev 2011; 111:5742-67. [PMID: 21663322 DOI: 10.1021/cr200008n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Achala de Mel
- Centre for Nanotechnology & Regenerative Medicine, Division of Surgery & Interventional Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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Goertz O, Ring A, Buschhaus B, Hirsch T, Daigeler A, Steinstraesser L, Steinau HU, Langer S. Influence of anti-inflammatory and vasoactive drugs on microcirculation and angiogenesis after burn in mice. Burns 2011; 37:656-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.burns.2011.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2010] [Revised: 12/31/2010] [Accepted: 01/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Petrofsky J, Goraksh N, Alshammari F, Mohanan M, Soni J, Trivedi M, Lee H, Hudlikar AN, Yang CH, Agilan B, Pai N, Chindam T, Murugesan V, Eun Yim J, Katrak V. The ability of the skin to absorb heat; the effect of repeated exposure and age. Med Sci Monit 2011; 17:CR1-8. [PMID: 21169905 PMCID: PMC3524686 DOI: 10.12659/msm.881315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background When heat is applied to the skin, it is dissipated due to conductive heat flow in the tissue and the blood. While heat flow has been studied after applying a single heat exposure, the physiology of repeated exposures to local heat has not been well investigated. Material/Methods Twenty male and female subjects in the age range of 20–65 years old participated in a series of experiments during which a thermode was placed on their leg above the quadriceps muscle for 20 minutes, and on 3 sequential days, to see the effect of repeated local heat on skin blood flow, skin temperature, and on caloric transfer from a thermode used to raise skin temperature. Results The results of the experiment showed that, for young subjects, to raise skin temperature to 40 degrees C required more than double the calories required in older subjects. Further, in the younger subjects, the blood flow response in the first 20 minutes of heat exposure was over 30% higher than that seen in the older subjects. However, on the 2nd and 3rd day, the blood flow response of the younger subjects, was not significantly different between day 2 and 3, but was significantly less than day 1. There was no statistical difference in the blood flow response between day 1, 2 and 3 in the older subjects. In the younger subjects, in the 2 and 3rd day, the number of calories needed to warm the skin was also significantly less than that seen in the first day. Conclusions In younger subjects but not older subjects, there appears to be some degree of acclimatization with an enhanced blood flow response in the first day that was protective to the skin which was not seen in repeated heat exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerrold Petrofsky
- Department of Physical Therapy, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA.
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