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Goldschmidt I, Chichelnitskiy E, Rübsamen N, Jaeger VK, Karch A, D’Antiga L, Di Giorgio A, Nicastro E, Kelly DA, McLin V, Korff S, Debray D, Girard M, Hierro L, Klaudel-Dreszler M, Markiewicz-Kijewska M, Falk C, Baumann U. Diagnosing Acute Cellular Rejection after Paediatric Liver Transplantation-Is There Room for Interleukin Profiles? CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:children10010128. [PMID: 36670678 PMCID: PMC9857115 DOI: 10.3390/children10010128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The current gold standard to diagnose T-cell-mediated acute rejection (TCMR) requires liver histology. Using data from the ChilSFree study on immune response after paediatric liver transplantation (pLT), we aimed to assess whether soluble cytokines can serve as an alternative diagnostic tool in children suspected to have TCMR. METHODS A total of n = 53 blood samples obtained on the day of or up to 3 days before liver biopsy performed for suspected TCMR at median 18 days (range 7-427) after pLT in n = 50 children (38% female, age at pLT 1.8 (0.5-17.5) years) were analysed for circulating cytokine levels using Luminex-based Multiplex technology. Diagnostic accuracy of cytokine concentrations was assessed using a multivariable model based on elastic net regression and gradient boosting machine analysis. RESULTS TCMR was present in 68% of biopsies. There was strong evidence that patients with TCMR had increased levels of soluble CXCL8, CXCL9, CXCL10, IL-16, IL-18, HGF, CCL4, MIF, SCGF-β, and HGF before biopsy. There was some evidence for increased levels of sCD25, ICAM-1, IL-6, IL-3, and CCL11. Diagnostic value of both single cytokine levels and a combination of cytokines and clinical markers was poor, with AUROCs not exceeding 0.7. CONCLUSION Patients with TCMR showed raised levels of cytokines and chemokines reflective of T-cell activation and chemotaxis. Despite giving insight into the mechanisms of TCMR, the diagnostic value of soluble cytokines for the confirmation of TCMR in a clinical scenario of suspected TCMR is poor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imeke Goldschmidt
- Department of Paediatric Liver, Kidney and Metabolic Diseases, Division of Paediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
- Correspondence:
| | - Evgeny Chichelnitskiy
- Institute of Transplant Immunology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Nicole Rübsamen
- Institute of Epidemiology and Social Medicine, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Veronika K. Jaeger
- Institute of Epidemiology and Social Medicine, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - André Karch
- Institute of Epidemiology and Social Medicine, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Lorenzo D’Antiga
- Paediatric Hepatology, Gastroenterology and Transplantation, Hospital Papa Giovanni XXIII, 24128 Bergamo, Italy
| | - Angelo Di Giorgio
- Paediatric Hepatology, Gastroenterology and Transplantation, Hospital Papa Giovanni XXIII, 24128 Bergamo, Italy
| | - Emanuele Nicastro
- Paediatric Hepatology, Gastroenterology and Transplantation, Hospital Papa Giovanni XXIII, 24128 Bergamo, Italy
| | - Deirdre A. Kelly
- Liver Unit, Birmingham Children’s Hospital, Birmingham B4 6NH, UK
| | - Valerie McLin
- Department Pédiatrie, Services Spécialités Pédiatriques, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Genève, Rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil 4, 1211 Genève, Switzerland
| | - Simona Korff
- Department Pédiatrie, Services Spécialités Pédiatriques, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Genève, Rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil 4, 1211 Genève, Switzerland
| | - Dominique Debray
- Pediatric Liver Unit, Department of Paediatric Surgery, Hôpital Necker-Enfants malades, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Muriel Girard
- Pediatric Liver Unit, Department of Paediatric Surgery, Hôpital Necker-Enfants malades, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Loreto Hierro
- Servicio de Hepatologìa y Transplante, Hospital Infantil Universitario La Paz Madrid, 28046 Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Christine Falk
- Institute of Transplant Immunology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Ulrich Baumann
- Department of Paediatric Liver, Kidney and Metabolic Diseases, Division of Paediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
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2
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Lucas-Ruiz F, Mateo SV, Jover-Aguilar M, Alconchel F, Martínez-Alarcón L, de Torre-Minguela C, Vidal-Correoso D, Villalba-López F, López-López V, Ríos-Zambudio A, Pons JA, Ramírez P, Pelegrín P, Baroja-Mazo A. Danger signals released during cold ischemia storage activate NLRP3 inflammasome in myeloid cells and influence early allograft function in liver transplantation. EBioMedicine 2022; 87:104419. [PMID: 36543018 PMCID: PMC9794897 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.104419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Innate immunity plays a fundamental role in solid organ transplantation. Myeloid cells can sense danger signals or DAMPs released after tissue or cell damage, such as during ischemia processes. This study aimed to identify DAMPs released during cold ischemia storage of human liver and analyze their ability to activate the inflammasome in myeloid cells and the possible implications in terms of short-term outcomes of liver transplantation. METHODS 79 samples of organ preservation solution (OPS) from 79 deceased donors were collected after cold static storage. We used different analytical methods to measure DAMPs in these end-ischemic OPS (eiOPS) samples. We also used eiOPS in the human macrophage THP-1 cell line and primary monocyte cultures to study inflammasome activation. FINDINGS Different DAMPs were identified in eiOPS, several of which induced both priming and activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome in human myeloid cells. Cold ischemia time and donation after circulatory death negatively influenced the DAMP signature. Moreover, the presence of oligomeric inflammasomes and interleukin-18 in eiOPS correlated with early allograft dysfunction in liver transplant patients. INTERPRETATION DAMPs released during cold ischemia storage prime and activate the NLRP3 inflammasome in liver macrophages after transplantation, inducing a pro-inflammatory environment that will complicate the outcome of the graft. The use of pharmacological blockers targeting DAMPs or the NLRP3 inflammasome in liver ischemia during static cold storage or through extracorporeal organ support could be a suitable strategy to increase the success of liver transplantation. FUNDING Fundación Mutua Madrileña and Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Lucas-Ruiz
- Molecular Inflammation Group, University Clinical Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Pascual Parrilla), 30120, Murcia, Spain
| | - Sandra V. Mateo
- Molecular Inflammation Group, University Clinical Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Pascual Parrilla), 30120, Murcia, Spain
| | - Marta Jover-Aguilar
- Transplant Unit, Surgery Service, University Clinical Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain,Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia IMIB-Pascual Parrilla, Murcia, Spain
| | - Felipe Alconchel
- Transplant Unit, Surgery Service, University Clinical Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain,Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia IMIB-Pascual Parrilla, Murcia, Spain
| | - Laura Martínez-Alarcón
- Transplant Unit, Surgery Service, University Clinical Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain,Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia IMIB-Pascual Parrilla, Murcia, Spain
| | - Carlos de Torre-Minguela
- Molecular Inflammation Group, University Clinical Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Pascual Parrilla), 30120, Murcia, Spain
| | - Daniel Vidal-Correoso
- Molecular Inflammation Group, University Clinical Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Pascual Parrilla), 30120, Murcia, Spain
| | - Francisco Villalba-López
- Molecular Inflammation Group, University Clinical Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Pascual Parrilla), 30120, Murcia, Spain
| | - Víctor López-López
- Transplant Unit, Surgery Service, University Clinical Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain,Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia IMIB-Pascual Parrilla, Murcia, Spain
| | - Antonio Ríos-Zambudio
- Transplant Unit, Surgery Service, University Clinical Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain,Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia IMIB-Pascual Parrilla, Murcia, Spain
| | - José A. Pons
- Liver Transplantation Unit, Gastroenterology and Hepatology Service, University Clinical Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Pascual Parrilla), 30120, Murcia, Spain
| | - Pablo Ramírez
- Transplant Unit, Surgery Service, University Clinical Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain,Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia IMIB-Pascual Parrilla, Murcia, Spain
| | - Pablo Pelegrín
- Molecular Inflammation Group, University Clinical Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Pascual Parrilla), 30120, Murcia, Spain,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology B and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, 30120, Murcia, Spain,Corresponding author. Campus de Ciencias de la Salud, Edificio LAIB, Office 4.15, Ctra. Buenavista s/n, 30120, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Alberto Baroja-Mazo
- Molecular Inflammation Group, University Clinical Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Pascual Parrilla), 30120, Murcia, Spain,Corresponding author. Campus de Ciencias de la Salud, Edificio LAIB, Office 4.21, Ctra. Buenavista s/n, 30120, Murcia, Spain.
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3
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Meng Q, Wu W, Zhang W, Yuan J, Yang L, Zhang X, Tao K. IL-18BP Improves Early Graft Function and Survival in Lewis-Brown Norway Rat Orthotopic Liver Transplantation Model. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12121801. [PMID: 36551229 PMCID: PMC9775331 DOI: 10.3390/biom12121801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-18 (IL-18) can effectively activate natural killer (NK) cells and induce large concentrations of interferon-γ (IFN-γ). In healthy humans, IL-18 binding protein (IL-18BP) can inhibit the binding of IL-18 to IL-18R and counteract the biological action of IL-18 due to its high concentration and high affinity, thus preventing the production of IFN-γ and inhibiting NK-cell activation. Through previous studies and the phenomena observed by our group in pig-non-human primates (NHPs) liver transplantation experiments, we proposed that the imbalance in IL-18/IL-18BP expression upon transplantation encourages the activation, proliferation, and cytotoxic effects of NK cells, ultimately causing acute vascular rejection of the graft. In this research, we used Lewis-Brown Norway rat orthotopic liver transplantation (OLTx) as a model of acute vascular rejection. AAV8-Il18bp viral vectors as gene delivery vehicles were constructed for gene therapy to overexpress IL-18BP and alleviate NK-cell rejection of the graft after transplantation. The results showed that livers overexpressing IL-18BP had reduced damage and could function longer after transplantation, effectively improving the survival time of the recipients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Meng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xi-Jing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
| | - Weikang Wu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xi-Jing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
| | - Wenjie Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xi-Jing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
- Chinese Education Ministry’s Key Laboratory of Western Resources and Modern Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology Shaanxi Province, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an 710032, China
| | - Juzheng Yuan
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xi-Jing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
| | - Long Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xi-Jing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
| | - Xuan Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xi-Jing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
- Correspondence: (X.Z.); (K.T.)
| | - Kaishan Tao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xi-Jing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
- Correspondence: (X.Z.); (K.T.)
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4
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Chen K, Obara H, Matsubara Y, Fukuda K, Yagi H, Ono-Uruga Y, Matsubara K, Kitagawa Y. Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal/Stem Cell Line Prevents Hepatic Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury in Rats by Inhibiting Inflammasome Activation. Cell Transplant 2022; 31:9636897221089629. [PMID: 35438583 PMCID: PMC9021522 DOI: 10.1177/09636897221089629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) have shown potential in the treatment of degenerative diseases, including ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI), which occurs during organ transplantation and represents the main cause of post-transplant graft dysfunction. However, MSCs have heterogeneous characteristics, and studies of MSCs therapy have shown a variety of outcomes. To establish a new effective MSCs therapy, we developed an adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal/stem cell line (ASCL) and compared its therapeutic effects on primary adipose-derived MSCs (ASCs) using a hepatocyte co-culture model of hypoxia/reoxygenation in vitro and a rat model of hepatic IRI in vivo. The results showed that both ASCL and ASCs protect against hypoxia by improving hepatocyte viability, inhibiting reactive oxygen species release, and upregulating transforming growth factor-β in vitro. In vivo, ASCL or ASCs were infused into the spleen 24 h before the induction of rat hepatic IRI. The results showed that ASCL significantly improved the survival outcomes compared with the control (normal saline infusion) with the significantly decreased serum levels of liver enzymes and less damage to liver tissues compared with ASCs. Both ASCL and ASCs suppressed NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3 inflammasome activation and subsequently reduced the release of activated IL-1β and IL-18, which is considered an important mechanism underlying ASCL and ASCs infusion in hepatic IRI. In addition, ASCL can promote the release of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist, which was previously reported as a key factor in hampering the inflammatory cascade during hepatic IRI. Our results suggest ASCL as a new candidate for hepatic IRI treatment due to its relatively homogeneous characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaili Chen
- Department of Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideaki Obara
- Department of Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yumiko Matsubara
- Clinical and Translational Research Center, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazumasa Fukuda
- Department of Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yagi
- Department of Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukako Ono-Uruga
- Clinical and Translational Research Center, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kentaro Matsubara
- Department of Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuko Kitagawa
- Department of Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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5
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Bhat DK, Olkhanud PB, Gangaplara A, Seifuddin F, Pirooznia M, Biancotto A, Fantoni G, Pittman C, Francis B, Dagur PK, Saxena A, McCoy JP, Pfeiffer RM, Fitzhugh CD. Early Myeloid Derived Suppressor Cells (eMDSCs) Are Associated With High Donor Myeloid Chimerism Following Haploidentical HSCT for Sickle Cell Disease. Front Immunol 2021; 12:757279. [PMID: 34917079 PMCID: PMC8669726 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.757279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (haplo-HSCT) is a widely available curative option for patients with sickle cell disease (SCD). Our original non-myeloablative haplo-HSCT trial employing post-transplant (PT) cyclophosphamide had a low incidence of GVHD but had high rejection rates. Here, we aimed to evaluate immune reconstitution following haplo-HSCT and identify cytokines and cells associated with graft rejection/engraftment. 50 cytokines and 10 immune cell subsets were screened using multiplex-ELISA and flow cytometry, respectively, at baseline and PT-Days 30, 60, 100, and 180. We observed the most significant differences in cytokine levels between the engrafted and rejected groups at PT-Day 60, corresponding with clinical findings of secondary graft rejection. Of the 44 cytokines evaluated, plasma concentrations of 19 cytokines were different between the two groups at PT-Day 60. Factor analysis suggested two independent factors. The first factor (IL-17A, IL-10, IL-7, G-CSF, IL-2, MIP-1a, VEGF, and TGFb1 contributed significantly) was strongly associated with engraftment with OR = 2.7 (95%CI of 1.4 to 5.4), whereas the second factor (GROa and IL-18 contributed significantly) was not significantly associated with engraftment. Sufficient donor myeloid chimerism (DMC) is critical for the success of HSCT; here, we evaluated immune cells among high (H) DMC (DMC≥20%) and low (L) DMC (DMC<20%) groups along with engrafted and rejected groups. We found that early myeloid-derived suppressor cell (eMDSC) frequencies were elevated in engrafted patients and patients with HDMC at PT-Day 30 (P< 0.04 & P< 0.003, respectively). 9 of 20 patients were evaluated for the source of eMDSCs. The HDMC group had high mixed chimeric eMDSCs as compared to the LDMC group (P< 0.00001). We found a positive correlation between the frequencies of eMDSCs and Tregs at PT-Day 100 (r=0.72, P <0.0007); eMDSCs at BSL and Tregs at PT-Day 100 (r=0.63, P <0.004). Of 10 immune regulatory cells and 50 cytokines, we observed mixed chimeric eMDSCs and IL-17A, IL-10, IL-7, G-CSF, IL-2, MIP-1a, VEGF, TGFb1 as potential hits which could serve as prognostic markers in predicting allograft outcome towards engraftment following haploidentical HSCT employing post-transplant cyclophosphamide. The current findings need to be replicated and further explored in a larger cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepali K Bhat
- Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Purevdorj B Olkhanud
- Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Arunakumar Gangaplara
- Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Fayaz Seifuddin
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Core Facility, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Mehdi Pirooznia
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Core Facility, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Angélique Biancotto
- Center for Human Immunology, Autoimmunity, and Inflammation, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Giovanna Fantoni
- Center for Human Immunology, Autoimmunity, and Inflammation, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Corinne Pittman
- Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Berline Francis
- Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Pradeep K Dagur
- Flow Cytometry Core, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda MD, United States
| | - Ankit Saxena
- Flow Cytometry Core, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda MD, United States
| | - J Philip McCoy
- Flow Cytometry Core, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda MD, United States
| | - Ruth M Pfeiffer
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Courtney D Fitzhugh
- Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
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6
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Interleukin-18: A Novel Participant in the Occurrence, Development, and Drug Therapy of Obliterative Bronchiolitis Postlung Transplantation. DISEASE MARKERS 2021; 2021:5586312. [PMID: 34367377 PMCID: PMC8337162 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5586312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Background Obliterative bronchiolitis (OB) was a main cause of deterioration of long-term prognosis in lung transplant recipients after the first posttransplant year. Proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-18 (IL-18) strengthened both the natural immunity and acquired immunity and played an important role in organ transplantation. The roles of IL-18 in the occurrence, development, and drug treatment of OB remained unclear. Methods Small interfering RNA (siRNA) against mouse IL-18 (siRNA-IL-18) was used to silence IL-18 expression. Mouse heterotopic tracheal transplantation model was used to simulate OB. Recipient mice were divided into 5 groups (n = 12) according to donor mouse strains and drug treatment: isograft group, allograft group, allograft+tacrolimus group, allograft+azithromycin group, and allograft+tacrolimus+azithromycin group. The luminal obliteration rates were pathological evaluation. Expressions of cytokines and MMPs were detected by real-time PCR, western blot, and enzyme chain immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results The luminal obliteration rates of IL-18 of the siRNA-IL-18 group were significantly lower than those of the negative control group (p < 0.0001) and the blank control group (p = 0.0002). mRNA expressions of IFN-γ, EMMPRIN, MMP-8, and MMP-9 of the siRNA-IL-18 group were significantly lower than those of the negative and blank control groups. No tracheal occlusion occurred in grafts of the isograft group. The rates of tracheal occlusion of the allograft group, allograft+tacrolimus group, allograft+azithromycin group, and allograft+tacrolimus+azithromycin group were 72.17 ± 4.66%, 40.33 ± 3.00%, 38.50 ± 2.08%, and 23.33 ± 3.24%, respectively. There were significant differences between the 4 groups (p < 0.001). Serum protein expressions of IL-17 (p = 0.0017), IL-18 (p = 0.0036), IFN-γ (p = 0.0102), and MMP-9 (p = 0.0194) were significantly decreased in the allograft+tacrolimus+azithromycin group compared to the allograft group. Conclusions IL-18 could be a novel molecular involved in the occurrence, development, and drug treatment of OB.
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7
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Zhong B, Guo S, Yang Z, Han L, Du J, Chen J, Dun X, Wang G. Roflumilast Reduced the IL-18-Induced Inflammatory Response in Fibroblast-Like Synoviocytes (FLS). ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:2149-2155. [PMID: 33521454 PMCID: PMC7841938 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c05281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as the IL-18-induced inflammatory response and associated damage in fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS), play an important role in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Roflumilast, an inhibitor of phosphodiesterase-4 (PDE-4), has been licensed for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, it is unknown whether roflumilast possesses a protective effect against the IL-18-induced inflammatory response in FLS. We found that roflumilast attenuated IL-18-induced oxidative stress by reducing the production of reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde (MDA) in MH7A fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS). Additionally, roflumilast prevented IL-18-induced expressions and secretions of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α. Importantly, we found that roflumilast inhibited IL-18-induced expressions of chemokines such as CCL5, CXCL9, and CXCL10. Further, roflumilast inhibited the expression of extracellular matrix degradative enzymes, such as matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3) and MMP-13. Mechanistically, we found that roflumilast suppressed the activation of the transcriptional factor AP-1 and NF-κB. Our results suggest that roflumilast might be a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Zhong
- Department
of Orthopaedics, YiLing Hospital, No. 32, Donghu Avenue, Yichang 443100, Hubei, China
| | - Shuanghong Guo
- Department
of Orthopaedics, YiLing Hospital, No. 32, Donghu Avenue, Yichang 443100, Hubei, China
| | - Zhongai Yang
- Central
Hospital of Yichang, Yichang 443003, Hubei, China
| | - Li Han
- Department
of Medicine, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, Hubei, China
| | - Junsheng Du
- Department
of Orthopaedics, YiLing Hospital, No. 32, Donghu Avenue, Yichang 443100, Hubei, China
| | - Jin Chen
- Department
of Orthopaedics, YiLing Hospital, No. 32, Donghu Avenue, Yichang 443100, Hubei, China
| | - Xianli Dun
- Department
of Orthopaedics, YiLing Hospital, No. 32, Donghu Avenue, Yichang 443100, Hubei, China
| | - Guangyong Wang
- Department
of Orthopaedics, YiLing Hospital, No. 32, Donghu Avenue, Yichang 443100, Hubei, China
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8
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Mühl H, Bachmann M. IL-18/IL-18BP and IL-22/IL-22BP: Two interrelated couples with therapeutic potential. Cell Signal 2019; 63:109388. [PMID: 31401146 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2019.109388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-18 and IL-22 are key components of cytokine networks that play a decisive role in (pathological) inflammation, host defense, and tissue regeneration. Tight regulation of cytokine-driven signaling, inflammation, and immunoactivation is supposed to enable nullification of a given deleterious trigger without mediating overwhelming collateral tissue damage or even activating a cancerous face of regeneration. In fact, feedback regulation by specific cytokine opponents is regarded as a major means by which the immune system is kept in balance. Herein, we shine a light on the interplay between IL-18 and IL-22 and their opponents IL-18 binding protein (IL-18BP) and IL-22BP in order to provide integrated information on their biology, pathophysiological significance, and prospect as targets and/or instruments of therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heiko Mühl
- pharmazentrum frankfurt/ZAFES, University Hospital Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Theodor-Stern- Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Malte Bachmann
- pharmazentrum frankfurt/ZAFES, University Hospital Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Theodor-Stern- Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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Development of chronic pain in males with traumatic spinal cord injury: role of circulating levels of the chemokines CCL2 and CXCL10 in subacute stage. Spinal Cord 2019; 57:953-959. [PMID: 31182785 DOI: 10.1038/s41393-019-0311-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2018] [Revised: 03/31/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Longitudinal study. OBJECTIVES To assess the impact of spinal cord injury (SCI) on circulating levels of chemokines (CCL2 and CXCL10) and its relation with pain development. SETTING National Hospital for SCI patients. METHODS We longitudinally studied changes in the circulating levels of CCL2 and CXCL10 in 27 male patients with complete SCI who were evaluated in the early subacute phase and indeed 3 and 6 months after injury measuring at each time-point serum levels of CCL2 and CXCL10. Patients were telephonically interviewed about pain 1 year after SCI. RESULTS In the early subacute phase, patients with pain showed higher CXCL10 and similar CCL2 levels as opposed to those without pain. Moreover, CCL2 concentrations were positively associated with pain intensity. The results obtained by analysing the temporal profile of the chemokines suggested that CXCL10 was inclined to decrease over time, while CCL2 increased over time. CONCLUSION The results of this preliminary study, the first performed in humans with traumatic SCI, suggest a link between changes in the circulating chemokine profile and pain development in subacute SCI stage as well as with severity in a more chronic stage. Large series studies will evaluate whether the circulating chemokine status can be useful as a biomarker for assessing the patients' risk for pain development.
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10
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Fergusson JR, Ussher JE, Kurioka A, Klenerman P, Walker LJ. High MDR-1 expression by MAIT cells confers resistance to cytotoxic but not immunosuppressive MDR-1 substrates. Clin Exp Immunol 2018; 194:180-191. [PMID: 30231297 PMCID: PMC6194332 DOI: 10.1111/cei.13165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
High expression of the ATP-binding cassette-multi-drug efflux protein 1 (MDR1) is a striking feature of mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells, a prominent human innate-like T cell subset. We demonstrate significantly higher MDR1 expression by CD8 + CD161 ++ Vα7.2 + MAIT cells than the phenotypically and functionally related CD8 + CD161 ++ Vα7.2-subset and show MDR1 expression to be similarly high throughout MAIT CD4 + , CD8 + , double-negative (DN) and double-positive (DP) cell subsets. We demonstrate the MAIT cell-predominant CD8+ CD161++ subset to uniquely and efficiently efflux the cytotoxic anthracycline daunorubicin, retain function on daunorubicin exposure and demonstrate MDR1-dependent protection from daunorubicin-induced apoptosis. By contrast, CD8+ CD161++ Vα7.2+ MAIT cells were not protected from the anti-proliferative and cytotoxic effects of the immunosuppressive MDR1 substrates tacrolimus and mycophenoic acid, although function following MAIT cell-specific T cell receptor (TCR)-dependent and -independent stimulation was preserved on in-vitro exposure to these agents. Overall, our data further define MDR1 expression by CD161++ T and MAIT cells and demonstrate the potential for high MDR1 expression by MAIT cells to confer resistance to cytotoxic MDR1 substrates in vivo . As our understanding of the importance of MAIT cells in human immunity and immunopathology grows, this is an important observation for clinical contexts such as the treatment of malignancy, autoimmunity and post-transplant immunosuppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Fergusson
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Oxford, UK
| | - J E Ussher
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Oxford, UK.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - A Kurioka
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Oxford, UK
| | - P Klenerman
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Oxford, UK
| | - L J Walker
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne
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11
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Remifentanil Ameliorates Liver Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury Through Inhibition of Interleukin-18 Signaling. Transplantation 2016; 99:2109-17. [PMID: 25919765 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000000737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatic injury induced by ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) after transplantation or lobectomy is a major clinical problem. The potential benefit of remifentanil in these hepatic surgeries remains unknown. The current study investigated whether remifentanil protects the liver against I/R injury in a rat model and whether the underlying mechanism involves the modulation of interleukin (IL)-18 signaling. METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to 45 minutes of partial hepatic ischemia followed by 6 hours of reperfusion. Then, they received an intravenous saline or remifentanil (0.4, 2, or 10 μg/kg per minute) infusion from 30 minutes before ischemia until the end of ischemia with or without previous administration of naloxone, a nonselective opioid receptor antagonist. Serum aminotransferase, hepatic morphology, and hepatic neutrophil infiltration were analyzed. The expression of hepatic IL-18; IL-18-binding protein (BP); and key cytokines downstream of IL-18 signaling were measured. RESULTS Remifentanil significantly decreased serum aminotransferase levels and profoundly attenuated the liver histologic damages. Liver I/R injury increased the expression of both hepatic IL-18 and IL-18BP. Although remifentanil pretreatment significantly decreased I/R-induced IL-18 expression, it further upregulated IL-18BP levels in liver tissues. The I/R-induced increases of hepatic interferon-γ, tumor necrosis factor-α and IL-1β expression, and neutrophil infiltration were also significantly reduced by remifentanil. Naloxone inhibited the remifentanil-induced downregulation of IL-18, but not the elevation of IL-18BP, and significantly attenuated its protective effects on liver I/R injury. CONCLUSIONS Remifentanil protects the liver against I/R injury. Modulating the hepatic IL-18/IL-18BP balance and inhibiting IL-18 signaling mediate, at least in part, the hepatoprotective effects of remifentanil.
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12
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Bal A, Gonul Y, Hazman O, Kocak A, Bozkurt MF, Yilmaz S, Kokulu S, Oruc O, Demir K. Interleukin 18--binding protein ameliorates liver ischemia--reperfusion injury. J Surg Res 2015; 201:13-21. [PMID: 26850179 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2015.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Revised: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/02/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to investigate the possible protective effect of interleukin 18-binding protein (IL-18BP) on ischemia-reperfusion (I/R)-induced liver injury in experimental rat models. Liver is one of the most affected organs from I/R process. IL-18 is an important proinflammatory cytokine, which may induce some events such as production of reactive oxygen substances and release of various cytokines. IL-18BP acts as an inhibitor of IL-18. The relationship between IL-18 and IL-18BP has an important place in inflammatory process. MATERIALS AND METHODS Rats were equally divided into three groups as follows: sham: Hepatic pedicle dissection was done, but hepatic pedicle clamping was not used. I/R: Sixty minutes of ischemia and 2 h of reperfusion were applied. IR + IL-18BP: Recombinant human IL-18BP (100 μg/kg) was administered 30 min before the surgery. Hepatic pedicle was clamped during 60 min of ischemia and 2 h of reperfusion was achieved. RESULTS Liver enzyme levels were significantly lower in the IR + IL-18BP group, when compared with the I/R group. Serum and tissue levels of tumor necrosis factor-α, IL-6, and IL-18 were considerably lower in the IR + IL-18BP group, when compared with the I/R group, but hepatic interferon-γ and IL1β levels were not significant. Serum oxidative stress index level was significantly higher in the I/R group, when compared with the IR + IL-18BP group. In immunostaining, it was observed that pathologic changes were lower in IR + IL-18BP group than the I/R group. CONCLUSIONS IL-18BP exhibited anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and protective effects in I/R-mediated hepatic injury via regulating some liver enzyme activities and cytokine levels. Additionally, these effects have been verified by histomorphologic examination and oxidative stress markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Bal
- Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey.
| | - Yucel Gonul
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
| | - Omer Hazman
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Arts, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Kocak
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Dumlupinar University, Kütahya, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Fatih Bozkurt
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
| | - Sezgin Yilmaz
- Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
| | - Serdar Kokulu
- Department of Anesthesia and Reanimation, Faculty of Medicine, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
| | - Oya Oruc
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
| | - Kasim Demir
- Department of Gastroenterology, Samsun Training and Education Hospital, Samsun, Turkey
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13
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Tanaka M, Shinoda M, Takayanagi A, Oshima G, Nishiyama R, Fukuda K, Yagi H, Hayashida T, Masugi Y, Suda K, Yamada S, Miyasho T, Hibi T, Abe Y, Kitago M, Obara H, Itano O, Takeuchi H, Sakamoto M, Tanabe M, Maruyama I, Kitagawa Y. Gene transfer of high-mobility group box 1 box-A domain in a rat acute liver failure model. J Surg Res 2015; 194:571-580. [PMID: 25498512 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2014.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2014] [Revised: 10/13/2014] [Accepted: 11/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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14
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Germani G, Rodriguez-Castro K, Russo FP, Senzolo M, Zanetto A, Ferrarese A, Burra P. Markers of acute rejection and graft acceptance in liver transplantation. World J Gastroenterol 2015; 21:1061-1068. [PMID: 25632178 PMCID: PMC4306149 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i4.1061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2014] [Revised: 07/28/2014] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The evaluation of the immunosuppression state in liver transplanted patients is crucial for a correct post-transplant management and a major step towards the personalisation of the immunosuppressive therapy. However, current immunological monitoring after liver transplantation relies mainly on clinical judgment and on immunosuppressive drug levels, without a proper assessment of the real suppression of the immunological system. Various markers have been studied in an attempt to identify a specific indicator of graft rejection and graft acceptance after liver transplantation. Considering acute rejection, the most studied markers are pro-inflammatory and immunoregulatory cytokines and other proteins related to inflammation. However there is considerable overlap with other conditions, and only few of them have been validated. Standard liver tests cannot be used as markers of graft rejection due to their low sensitivity and specificity and the weak correlation with the severity of histopathological findings. Several studies have been performed to identify biomarkers of tolerance in liver transplanted patients. Most of them are based on the analysis of peripheral blood samples and on the use of transcriptional profiling techniques. Amongst these, NK cell-related molecules seem to be the most valid marker of graft acceptance, whereas the role CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ T cells has still to be properly defined.
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15
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Ozsoy M, Gonul Y, Bal A, Ozkececi ZT, Celep RB, Adali F, Hazman O, Koçak A, Tosun M. Effect of IL-18 binding protein on hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury induced by infrarenal aortic occlusion. Ann Surg Treat Res 2015; 88:92-9. [PMID: 25692120 PMCID: PMC4325650 DOI: 10.4174/astr.2015.88.2.92] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Revised: 08/24/2014] [Accepted: 09/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Severe local and systemic tissue damage called ischemia/reperfusion (IR) injury occurs during the period of reperfusion. Free oxygen radicals and proinflammatory cytokines are responsible for reperfusion injury. IL-18 binding protein (IL-18BP) is a natural inhibitor of IL-18. The balance between IL-18 and IL-18BP has an important role in the inflammatory setting. The present study aimed to investigate whether IL-18BP had a protective role in remote organ hepatic IR injury. METHODS Wistar-Albino rats were divided into three groups that contained seven rats. Group I (sham): Laparotomy and infrarenal abdominal aorta (AA) dissection were done but no clamping was done. Group II (I/R): The infrarenal AA was clamped by atraumatic microvascular clamp for 30 minutes and then was exposed to 90 minutes of reperfusion. Group III (IR + IL-18BP): 75 µg/kg of IL-18BP in 0.9% saline (1 mL) was administered 30 minutes before infrarenal AA dissection and clamping; 30 minutes of ischemia was applied and then was exposed to 90 minutes of reperfusion. RESULTS Serum AST, ALT, and LDH levels were remarkably higher in IR group and returned to normal levels in treatment group. The proinflammatory cytokine levels had decreased in treatment group, and was statistically significant compared with the IR group. Serum levels of total oxidant status and oxidative stress index decreased and levels of total antioxidant status increased by IL-18BP. CONCLUSION This study suggested that IL-18BP has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective effects in cases of IR with infrarenal AA induced liver oxidative damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Ozsoy
- Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyon, Turkey
| | - Yucel Gonul
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyon, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Bal
- Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyon, Turkey
| | - Ziya Taner Ozkececi
- Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyon, Turkey
| | - Ruchan Bahadir Celep
- Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyon, Turkey
| | - Fahri Adali
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyon, Turkey
| | - Omer Hazman
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Arts And Sciences, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyon, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Koçak
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Dumlupinar University, Kutahya, Turkey
| | - Murat Tosun
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyon, Turkey
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Doorschodt B, Teubner A, Kobayashi E, Tolba R. Promising future for the transgenic rat in transplantation research. Transplant Rev (Orlando) 2014; 28:155-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trre.2014.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2014] [Revised: 04/02/2014] [Accepted: 05/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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17
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Anti-inflammatory and Antiapoptotic Effect of Interleukine-18 Binding Protein on the Spinal Cord Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. Inflammation 2014; 37:917-23. [DOI: 10.1007/s10753-014-9811-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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18
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Abstract
Together with IL-12 or IL-15, interleukin-18 (IL-18) plays a major role in the production of interferon-γ from T-cells and natural killer cells; thus, IL-18 is considered to have a major role in the Th1 response. However, without IL-12, IL-18 is proinflammatory in an IFNγ independent manner. IL-18 is a member of the IL-1 family of cytokines and similar to IL-1β, the cytokine is synthesized as an inactive precursor requiring processing by caspase-1 into an active cytokine. IL-18 is also present as an integral membrane protein but requires caspase-1 for full activity in order to induce IFNγ. Uniquely, unlike IL-1β, the IL-18 precursor is constitutively present in nearly all cells in healthy humans and animals. The activity of IL-18 is balanced by the presence of a high-affinity, naturally occurring IL-18 binding protein (IL-18BP). In humans, increased disease severity can be associated with an imbalance of IL-18 to IL-18BP such that the levels of free IL-18 are elevated in the circulation. Increasing number of studies have expanded the role of IL-18 in mediating inflammation in animal models of disease using the IL-18BP, IL-18 deficient mice, neutralization of IL-18 or deficiency in the IL-18 receptor alpha chain. A role for IL-18 has been implicated in several autoimmune diseases, myocardial function, emphysema, metabolic syndromes, psoriasis, inflammatory bowel disease, macrophage activation syndrome, sepsis and acute kidney injury, although paradoxically, in some models of disease, IL-18 is protective. The IL-18BP has been used safely in humans and clinical trials of IL-18BP as well as neutralizing anti-IL-18 antibodies are being tested in various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Novick
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Soohyun Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Gilles Kaplanski
- UMR-S1076, Aix Marseille Université, Campus Timone, Marseille, France; Service de Médecine Interne, Hôpital de la Conception, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Charles A Dinarello
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, United States; Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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